˪ѕࠄᒂᏵᚠ˫ 䫔 11 ⌟䫔 1 㛇炷09/2015炸炻枩 107-162
፣டց᠌߭ӈ—
оፒኵ࣏ΡϷᐊᄂࢊடցϞ
ל࣏ϛЖ
ങืߊ㛧 尐
媪⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛炻Ὢ䚠⮵㕤䚜㍍Ὕ⭛侴妨炻⮵㕤᷎㛒⮎ 㕥⮰⇑㪲㚱㥳ㆸ天ẞ炻Ữ冯䚜㍍Ὕ⭛䘬䘤䓇℟㚱檀⹎斄忋ᷳ 悐↮枸⁁ㆾ⸓≑埴䁢ˤㆹ⚳⮰⇑㱽᷎㛒⯙攻㍍Ὕ⭛Ḱẍ㖶㔯夷 ⚳䩳冢䀋䥹㈨⣏⬠⮰⇑䞼䨞≑䎮㔁㌰ˤ㖍㛔⎵⎌⯳⣏⬠㱽⬠⌂⢓ˤ㛔㔯 ⇅䧧㚦㕤 2015 ⸜ 3 㚰 6 㖍㘢屉⇌㰢䞼䨞㚫ˣ2015 ⸜ 3 㚰 18 㖍檀晬⣏⬠ˬ⛘ 㕡冒㱣冯ㅚ㓧⚳⭞㙐㘢ㄏ屉䓊㕘嬘柴⚳晃⬠埻䞼妶㚫˭ᶲ⟙⏲ˤ㈧呁姽婾 Ṣ␐ỗ侘㔁㌰ˣ㛶䳈厗㔁㌰ẍ⍲冯㚫ᷳ媠ỵ⃰忚㍸ὃ姙⣂⮞屜シ夳炻嫡㬌 农ᶲ嫅シˤデ嫅ℑỵ⋧⎵⮑㞍⥼⒉䘬⺢嬘冯ᾖ㓡シ夳炻ἧ㛔㔯㚜冣⬴┬ˤ 㛔㔯䁢䥹㈨悐 104 ⸜⹎⮰柴䞼䨞妰䔓ˬ3D ↿⌘ᷳ⮰⇑㱽⓷柴䞼䨞˭(妰䔓 䶐嘇烉MOST 104-2410-H-011-004-)ᷳ悐↮䞼䨞ㆸ㝄ˤ ㈽䧧㖍㛇烉03/20/2015烊㍍⍿↲䘣㖍㛇烉07/07/2015 屔ả㟉⮵烉⻝扸⭄ˣ⻝㵹剔⭂炻⇯㔁⒮ㆾ⸓≑ṾṢὝ⭛⮰⇑㪲䘬埴䁢炻䓙㕤ᶵ䫎⎰ℐ天ẞ ⍇⇯侴ᶵ㥳ㆸ⮰⇑䚜㍍Ὕ⭛炻㕤䎦埴㱽ᶳ傥怑䓐㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢ᷳ夷⭂炻ょ⮎⊁忳䓐ᶲṵ⣂⚘暋ˤ㛔㔯`゛㔠 䧖㴱⍲墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ↮㑼⮎㕥⮰⇑㪲䘬ね⠫炻ẍ⎬⮎㕥埴䁢⛯䘤 䓇⛐ㆹ⚳⠫ℏ䁢⇵㍸炻㩊妶ㆹ⚳㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢ᷳ 天ẞ炻᷎德忶ᶱ⇯℟ẋ堐⿏䘬㟰ἳ炻㩊夾ㆹ⚳䚖⇵⛐⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ ḳẞᷕ㮹㱽ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢夷⭂ᷳ怑䓐ね⼊炻▿娎慸㶭㱽⼳怑䓐 ᶲ⎗傥朊冐䘬⓷柴ˤ⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻㚱揹㕤㔁⒮ˣ⸓≑埴䁢冯⮰⇑ Ὕ⭛䘬檀⹎斄忋炻䁢䡢ᾅ⮰⇑㪲ᾅ嬟ᷳ⮎㓰⿏炻伶ˣ㖍䫱⚳㕤 ℞⮰⇑㱽ᷕ⛯姕㚱攻㍍Ὕ⭛ᷳ䚠斄夷⭂ˤょ⚈ㆹ⚳⮎⊁ᶲ㴱⍲ ⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛ᷳ㟰ẞ㔠ṵⰔ㚱旸炻㛔㔯忚ᶨ㬍㩊妶伶⚳冯㖍㛔 ⮰⇑㱽斄㕤攻㍍Ὕ⭛ᷳ夷䭬䎦㱩炻㛇傥䁢ㆹ⚳⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛屔 ả⓷柴䘬䞼䨞㍸ὃᶵ⎴䘬㭼庫㱽奨溆冯䚩⿅ˤ
Indirect Patent Infringement
Liability-
Focusing on Divided
Infringement
Hao-Yun ChenAbstract
Direct patent infringement refers primarily to unauthorized making, selling, offering to sell, using or importing a patented invention, whereas indirect patent infringement encompasses conduct inducing or contributing to direct infringement, which however does not constitute exploitation of the patented invention. In Taiwan, currently there exist no provisions governing indirect infringement pursuant to the Patent Act. That is to say, an Individual’s act, which induces or contributes to direct infringement conducted by others, does not constitute patent infringement under the Patent Act. Instead, such act may be held liable for joint tortfeasor liability in accordance with Article 185 (2) of the Taiwan Civil Code. Nevertheless, some difficulties arise when joint tortfeasor liability is being applied. This article thus
Assistant Professor, Graduate Institute of Patent, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology; Ph.D., Nagoya University School of Law, Japan.
assumes, on the premise that all conduct occurs in Taiwan, three types of patent infringement involving multiple parties, and discusses the issues relating to joint tortfeasor liability through reviewing three important court decisions.
Additionally, given that some inducing or contributing acts are closely connected with direct infringement, both the patent laws of the United States and Japan contain provisions related to indirect infringement in order to ensure the effectiveness of patent protection. Owing to the fact that there are only a handful of cases in Taiwan addressing the issues of patent indirect infringement, this article also examines the current regulatory status of indirect infringement liability in the United States and Japan, aiming to present diverse viewpoints on patent indirect infringement through a comparative study.
፣டց᠌߭ӈ—
оፒኵ࣏ΡϷᐊᄂࢊடցϞ
ל࣏ϛЖ
ങืߊ斄挝⫿烉⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ˣ䚜㍍Ὕ⭛ˣ攻㍍Ὕ⭛ˣℙ⎴Ὕ㪲屔ảˣ墯㔠Ṣ↮㑼⮎㕥⮰⇑㪲
Keywords: patent infringement, direct infringement, indirect infringement, joint tortfeasor liability, divided infringement
Ҭ ᓃ ⢡ˣ⓷柴側㘗 屛ˣㆹ⚳⮵㕤墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ↮㑼⮎㕥⮰⇑ᷳ夷䭬 ᶨˣ㮹㱽ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢 Ḵˣ㕤⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ḳẞ怑䓐㮹㱽ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢夷⭂ ⍫ˣ伶ˣ㖍⮰⇑㱽斄㕤攻㍍Ὕ⭛ᷳ夷⭂ġ ᶨˣ伶⚳ Ḵˣ㖍㛔 倮ˣ䳸婆
⪈ҷ⛞槛剛㟾
㕤伶ˣ㖍䫱⚳ᷳ⮰⇑㱽ẍ⍲⬠婒⮎⊁ᶲ炻ᶨ凔⮯⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ 埴 䁢 ⋨ ↮ 䁢 䚜 ㍍ Ὕ ⭛ 炷 direct infringement 炸 ẍ ⍲ 攻 ㍍ Ὕ ⭛ 炷indirect infringement炸ˤ媪ˬ䚜㍍Ὕ⭛˭炻Ὢ➢㕤ˬℐ天ẞ ⍇⇯炷all elements rule炸˭炻⇌㕟䲣䇕塓㍏Ὕ㪲䈑ㆾ㕡㱽㗗⏎ 䫎⎰㔯佑嬨⍾ㆾ⛯䫱婾炻忚侴⇌㕟塓㍏Ὕ㪲䈑ㆾ㕡㱽㗗⏎句ℍ 䲣䇕⮰⇑㪲ᷳ㔯佑ㆾ⛯䫱䭬⚵ 1ˤṎ⌛炻ὅ䄏ℐ天ẞ⍇⇯炻ょ㚱 婳㯪枭ᷕ㭷ᶨ㈨埻䈡⽝⛯⬴ℐ⮵ㅱ堐䎦㕤䲣䇕塓㍏Ὕ㪲䈑ㆾ㕡 㱽ᷕᷳね㱩炻㕡㚱⎗傥㥳ㆸ⮰⇑炷䚜㍍炸Ὕ⭛ 2ˤ⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻晾 䃞᷎㛒⮎㕥䲣䇕⮰⇑㪲ᷳ㚱㥳ㆸ天ẞ炻Ữ冯䚜㍍Ὕ⭛䘬䘤䓇 ℟㚱檀⹎斄忋ᷳ枸⁁ㆾ⸓≑埴䁢炻䓙㕤ᶵ䫎⎰ᶲ徘ℐ天ẞ⍇⇯ 侴ᶵ㥳ㆸ⮰⇑䚜㍍Ὕ⭛炻Ữ侫慷㬌䫱埴䁢⮵㕤⮰⇑Ὕ⭛䘬䘤䓇 ℟㚱檀⹎斄忋炻䁢䡢ᾅ⮰⇑㪲ᾅ嬟ᷳ⮎㓰⿏炻伶ˣ㖍䫱⚳㕤⮰ 1 ⍫夳䴻㾇悐㘢ㄏ屉䓊⯨炻˨⮰⇑Ὕ⭛揹⭂天溆˩炻枩 27-29ˤ 2 ⎴⇵姣炻枩 28烊柷⎱㈧炷2014炸炻˪⮰⇑Ὕ㪲↮㜸䎮婾⍲⮎⊁˫炻枩 349-350炻 冢⊿烉Ḽ⋿ˤ斄㕤⛯䫱婾冯ℐ天ẞ⍇⇯ᷳ斄Ὢ炻㚱⬠侭㎜⺽⽟⚳⮰⇑㱽䘬 夳妋炻娵䁢ᶵ⭄忶⹎㊀㲍㕤ℐ天ẞ⍇⇯炻⌛ἧ塓㍏Ὕ㪲䈑㫈仢婳㯪枭ᷳ㝸 ᶨ㈨埻䈡⽝炻ṵㅱ忚ᶨ㬍䁢⛯䫱婾ᷳ⇌㕟炻劍塓㍏Ὕ㪲㧁䘬冯䘤㖶㥳ㆸ⮎ 岒ᶲ ⛯䫱 炷⯙ 塓㍏ Ὕ㪲 ⮎㕥 ㇳ㭝 ᷳ㔜 橼奨 ⮇㗗 ⏎℟ 㚱䚠 ⎴₡ ῤ炸炻ṵ ⎗傥 㥳ㆸ⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ˤ⍫夳嫅所㲳炷2014炸炻˪㘢ㄏ屉䓊㪲㱽˫炻Ḽ䇰炻枩 318-319炻 冢⊿烉⃫䄏ˤ
⇑㱽ᶲ⛯䈡⇍䩳㱽㖶⭂炻⯙ᶲ徘枸⁁ㆾ⸓≑埴䁢ᷕ䘬悐↮䈡⭂ 埴䁢栆✳夾䁢Ὕ⭛⮰⇑㪲炻㗗䁢媪䘬ˬ攻㍍Ὕ⭛˭ˤㆹ⚳⮰ ⇑㱽䚖⇵᷎㛒姕㚱攻㍍Ὕ⭛䘬㖶㔯夷⭂炻ᶨ凔⮵㕤㔁⒮ㆾ⸓≑ ṾṢὝ⭛⮰⇑㪲䘬埴䁢炻傥⚆㬠㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢 ≈ẍᷣ⻝炻ょ⮎⊁忳䓐ᶲṎ䓇媠⣂⚘暋ᷳ嗽 3 ˤ ᶨ凔侴妨炻䚜㍍Ὕ⭛䘬㔁⒮ˣ⸓≑ㆾ侭枸⁁埴䁢侭ㅱ⏎屈 ⮰⇑Ὕ⭛屔ảᷳ⓷柴炻㕤ᶳ↿䘬⸦䧖ね⼊⎗傥℟㚱妶婾⮎䙲烉 ἳ⤪炻䔞㥳ㆸ䚜㍍Ὕ⭛侭Ὢ䁢ᶳ㷠㈧⊭ㆾ䳬墅㤕侭㗪炻䓙㕤℞ 㔠慷忶⣂ˣ⍾䶈⚘暋䫱炻➢㕤姜姇䫾䔍ㆾ⮎晃岈傥≃ᷳ侫慷炻 䚠庫㕤⮵䚜㍍Ὕ⭛Ṣ㍸崟姜姇炻⮰⇑㪲Ṣ⼨⼨㚜⎹㕤⮵㔁⒮ ㆾ⸓≑Ὕ⭛ᷳᶲ㷠⺈⓮ᷣ⻝⮰⇑㪲Ὕ⭛烊㬌⢾炻䔞⮎晃䳬墅ㆾ ⬴ㆸ⬴㔜⮎㕥埴䁢侭䁢㛓䪗㴰屣侭炻ㆾ℞⮎㕥埴䁢ᶵ⍿⮰⇑㪲 㓰≃⍲㗪炷ἳ⤪⎗傥娚䔞㕤⮰⇑㱽䫔 59 㡅 1 枭⎬㫦ḳ䓙炸䫱 ἳ⢾ね㱩ᶳ炻䚜㍍⮎㕥埴䁢侭⎗傥ᶵ㥳ㆸ⮰⇑Ὕ⭛炻㓭㬌㗪⮰ ⇑㪲Ṣ䃉⽆⮵䚜㍍⮎㕥Ṣᷣ⻝⮰⇑㪲炻傥娎⚾⎹㔁⒮ㆾ⸓≑ 侭ᷣ⻝℞⮰⇑㪲ˤ ⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻役⸜Ἦ炻晐叿䓊㤕↮ⶍ↮㤕ᷳ忚⯽炻ẍ⍲忳䓐 暣儎䵚䴉忳䬿㈨埻䘬䲣䴙墅伖䘤㖶ㆾ㕡㱽䘤㖶㖍䙲㘖⍲炻䓙墯 3 娛夳㛔㔯ᶳ徘ˬ屛ˣㆹ⚳⮵㕤墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ↮㑼⮎㕥⮰⇑ᷳ夷䭬˭ᷳ妶婾ˤ
㔠埴䁢Ṣᾳ⇍↮㑼⮰⇑㪲䘬⮎㕥埴䁢䘬ᶨ悐ᷳ㧉⺷Ṏ晐ᷳ⡆≈ 4 ˤ 㕤㬌䧖側㘗ᶳ炻䓙墯㔠埴䁢Ṣᾳ⇍↮㑼ᶨ悐↮⮎㕥⮰⇑䘤㖶ᷳ 埴䁢炻⎗⏎➢㕤⎬埴䁢ᷳ攻䘬㝸䧖斄Ὢ炻侴⮯⎬娚墯㔠埴䁢夾 䁢ᶨᾳ㔜橼埴䁢烎㬌⢾炻⯙墯㔠埴䁢ᷕ䘬ᶨ悐埴䁢炻㗗⏎⎗傥 ╖䌐ㆸ䩳⮰⇑Ὕ⭛屔ả烎媠⤪㬌栆䘬⓷柴ᷳ慵天⿏⌛冯㖍ᾙ⡆ 5 炻 4 ἳ⤪忳䓐暚䪗忳䬿㈨埻冯䵚嶗ᷚ忋䘬䲣䴙⮰⇑ᷕ炻忂ⷠ枸姕枰䓙墯㔠埴䁢 Ṣ ⎬ 冒 ⮎ 㕥 䲣 䴙ᷕ 䘬 ᶨ 悐 ↮ 㬍 樇 ㆾ ⃫ ẞ ˤSee Nicole D. Galli & Edward Gecovich, Cloud Computing and the Doctrine of Joint Infringement: ‘Current
Impact’ and Future Possibilities, 11 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 673
(2012). 㬌⢾炻Mark A. Lemley et al., Divided Infringement Claims, 33 AIPLA Q.J. 255, 256 (2005) Ṏ㍸⍲䔞㴱⍲ẍ䵚嶗ᷚ忋⣂⎘暣儎ᷳ㕡㱽䘤㖶㗪炻℞ 婳㯪枭⼨⼨⊭⏓䓙Ợ㚵☐䪗ẍ⍲⭊㇞䪗⎬冒⬴ㆸ䈡⭂䘬㬍樇炻⚈㬌⊊⽭枰 天 墯 㔠 埴 䁢 Ṣ ↮ ⇍ ⎬ 冒 ⮎ 㕥 ᶨ 悐 ↮ 㬍 樇 炻 ㇵ 傥 ⬴ 㔜 ⮎ 㕥 娚 㕡 㱽 䘤 㖶 婳 㯪 枭ˤ 5 ⯙㬌⓷柴炻ㆾ㚱婾侭娵䁢炻⎗德忶䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵㑘⮓㈨ⶏ炻䚉慷旵Ỷ⼿䓙 墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ⎬冒⮎㕥ᶨ悐↮㬍樇ˣ⃫ẞㆾㆸ↮ᷳ㕡⺷ẍ夷性⮰⇑Ὕ㪲屔ả ᷳ⎗傥⿏ˤἳ⤪炻Mark A. Lemley et al., supra note 4, at 272-75 ⌛㍸⍲㬌䧖 ⎗傥⿏ˤ䃞侴炻德忶ⶏ⥁㑘⮓䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵Ἦ徜性⓷柴䘬㕡㱽ṵ㚱℞Ὗ旸 ⿏炻㛒⽭怑䓐㕤㚱ね㱩ˤἳ⤪炻⛐德忶䵚嶗忋䳸暚䪗Ợ㚵☐㍸ὃ㚵⊁䘬 䲣䴙⮰⇑ᷳね㱩炻䓙㕤ὅ䄏ㆹ⚳䎦埴⮰⇑⮑㞍➢㸾炻暣儎庇橼䚠斄䘤㖶炻 ℞䓛婳⮰⇑ᷳ㧁䘬㕤ˬ墅伖˭ㆾˬ䲣䴙˭婳㯪枭ᷕㅱ㔀㖶䠔橼⎬㥳ẞᷳ攻 䘬忋䳸斄Ὢ⍲庇橼䘬⎬枭≇傥㗗䓙䠔橼䘬恋ṃ㥳ẞ⬴ㆸ炻㒂ẍ䓴⭂妋㰢 ⓷柴ᷳ㈨埻ㇳ㭝ˤ⚈㬌炻⒒ṃ屯㕁枰⃚⬀㕤⒒⎘暣儎炻ℵ䓙⒒⎘暣儎妰䬿 军ỽ䧖䦳⹎⼴⁛復军⒒⎘暣儎䫱炻䔞䲣䴙枰嗽䎮䘬㺼䬿䦳⸷崲墯暄炻ᶲ 徘忶䦳ẍ⍲嬲⊾Ṏ崲⣂㧋⊾炻䎦⮎ᶲ⼰暋㑘⮓↢傥⣈⮵ㅱ⎬䧖ね㱩䘬䓛婳 ⮰⇑䭬⚵ˤ⍫夳㜦ᶳ㬋炷2014炸炻˨䈡⭂̯塭伖̩䳬̀⎰̖͍̠͐㗪̬⥳͂ ̧䚜㍍Ὕ⭛̩̫͌⟜⎰̬̋̒͌攻㍍Ὕ⭛̯怑䓐̧̬̥̅˩炻˪Ή;Ϋ˫炻
⛐伶㖍䫱⚳䘬⮰⇑㱽䎮婾冯⮎⊁ᶲ⛯⺽䘤ᶵ⮹妶婾ˤ 㛔 㔯 ᷳ ᷣ 天 䚖 䘬 Ὢ 㩊 妶 ⮰ ⇑ 㪲 攻 ㍍ Ὕ ⭛ 屔 ả ᷳ 夷 䭬 ⽭ 天 ⿏炻᷎ᶼ䈡⇍憅⮵㚱墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ⍫冯⮰⇑⮎㕥埴䁢ᷳね㱩炻㩊 妶㕤ỽ䧖ね㱩ᶳ炻⒒ṃ埴䁢Ṣㅱ⯙℞埴䁢屈⮰⇑Ὕ⭛屔ảˤ℟ 橼侴妨炻`姕㚱ᶨ⮰⇑ᷳ䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵⊭㊔ A為B Ḵᾳ㈨埻䈡 ⽝炻䚠斄⓷柴ㆾ⎗↮䁢ᶳ↿ᶱ䧖埴䁢栆✳妶婾烉 (1) X⮎㕥 A炻侴⼴⮯ A ⃫ẞ廱嬻Ḱ Y炻Y ⮎㕥Ḯ⬴㔜䘬 A為B炻㬌㗪炻X 䘬屔ả䁢ỽ烎 (2) X⮎㕥 A炻侴 Y ⇯⮎㕥 B炻㬌㗪炻X 冯 Y 㗗⏎㥳ㆸℙ ⎴Ὕ⭛⮰⇑㪲烎ㆾ侭炻㗗⏎⎗ẍ╖䌐⯙ X ㆾ Y 䘬埴䁢炻徥䨞⮰ ⇑㪲Ὕ⭛屔ả烎 (3) X᷎㛒奒冒⮎㕥 A ㆾ B炻Ữ㔁⒮ㆾ⸓≑ Y ⮎㕥 A為B炻 㬌㗪炻X 䘬屔ả䁢ỽ烎 㬌⢾炻⯙ᶲ徘ね㱩炻⯂⎗ὅ⎬娚⮎㕥埴䁢䘬䘤䓇⛘炻忚ᶨ 㬍⋨↮䁢⛐╖ᶨ⚳⭞⠫ℏ⮎㕥ㆾ嶐⚳⮎㕥䘬ね㱩ˤ㕤⮎㕥埴䁢 㨓嶐ᶵ⎴⚳⭞䘬嶐⚳⮎㕥✳炻⓷柴⮯㚜䁢墯暄 6ˤ䣁㕤䭯ⷭ炻㛔 67⎟炷⇍ℲΉ;Ϋ 12 ⎟炸炻枩 43ˤ 6
⯙㬌⓷柴ᷳ㩊妶炻⍫夳 Mark A. Lemley et al., supra note 4, at 263-71; 懜㛐
⮯㔯炷2014炸炻˨墯㔘⚥̬̠̿̍͌埴䁢̩䈡姙㧑Ὕ⭛̬敊͌̚Ḱ⁁䘬侫⮇˩炻
㔯⮯妶婾倂䃎㕤⎬⮎㕥埴䁢⛯䘤䓇⛐ㆹ⚳⠫ℏ䘬⚳ℏ⮎㕥✳⓷ 柴炻军㕤嶐⚳⮎㕥✳䘬⓷柴炻⇯䔁⼭㖍⼴⎎埴㑘㔯㍊妶ˤ ⯙ ᶲ 徘 ᶱ 䧖 埴 䁢 栆 ✳ 侴 妨 炻 劍 ⚢ ⬰ 䚜 ㍍ Ὕ ⭛ 䘬 ℐ 天 ẞ ⍇ ⇯炻⇯㕤栆✳ 1 ㆾ 3 䘬ね㱩墉炻⬴㔜⮎㕥Ḯ⮰⇑婳㯪枭䘬㚱 㥳ㆸ天ẞ䘬 Y ⚢䃞⎗傥㥳ㆸ䚜㍍Ὕ⭛ 7烊䃞侴 X ⚈䁢⮎㕥⮰ ⇑天ẞᷳᶨ悐ㆾ⬴ℐ㰺㚱⮎㕥⮰⇑炻➢㕤ℐ天ẞ⍇⇯ᶵ㥳ㆸ䚜 ㍍Ὕ⭛炻Ữ⮎晃ᶲ劍䃉 X 䘬庼≑ㆾ㔁⒮䫱埴䁢炻⇯ Y ⼰⎗傥㟡 㛔ᶵ㚫⽆ḳὝ⭛埴䁢炻㬌䧖ね㱩ᶳ炻劍 X ⬴ℐᶵ枰屈ảỽ屔ả炻 Ụ᷶䔍⩴ᶵ⥍ˤ军㕤栆✳ 2炻䓙 X 冯 Y ᾳ⇍↮㑼ᶨ悐↮⮰⇑䘤 㖶ᷳ⮎㕥ᷳね㱩炻䓙㕤᷎ᶵ⬀⛐ảỽ╖ᶨ埴䁢Ṣ⬴㔜⮎㕥⮰⇑ 䘤㖶ᷳℐ橼炻㬌㗪⎬娚埴䁢Ṣ䁢ᷳᶨ悐⮎㕥埴䁢⚈ᶵ䫎⎰ℐ 天ẞ⍇⇯炻䃉㱽徽娵䁢⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ˤょ⮵㕤⮰⇑㪲Ṣ侴妨炻㬌䧖 䓙墯㔠埴䁢Ṣᾳ⇍↮㑼⮎㕥⮰⇑䘤㖶ᷳᶨ悐䘬埴䁢ン㧋炻⯙㔜 橼奨ᷳ炻⮎岒ᶲ冯䓙╖ᶨ埴䁢Ṣ⬴ㆸ㔜橼⮎㕥埴䁢ᶳ忈ㆸᷳ ㎵⭛䳸㝄᷎䃉Ḵ农ˤ揹㕤䚖⇵䓊㤕⮎⊁ᶲ↮ⶍ↮㤕㖍嵐䳘䶣䘬 ˪⎵⎌⯳⣏⬎㱽㓧婾普˫炻255 ⎟炻枩 555烊懜㛐⮯㔯炷2014炸炻˨⚥⠫͓̿ ̠̍͌埴䁢̩䈡姙㧑̯攻㍍Ὕ⭛̯ㆸ⏎˩炻˪Ή;Ϋ˫炻67 ⎟炷⇍ℲΉ; Ϋ 12 ⎟炸炻枩 116烊㼖㴟ᷭ晬炷2006炸炻˨↮㉭̖͍̠⭇㕥埴䁢̬⮦͌̚ 䈡姙攻㍍Ὕ⭛夷⭂̯怑䓐̩⓷柴䁡˩炻˪䈡姙䞼䨞˫炻41 ⎟炻枩 13-14ˤ 7 Ữ⮎晃ᶲ⎗傥⚈ Y 㫈仢㓭シ忶⣙䘬ᷣ奨天ẞ炻ㆾ侭 Y 䁢Ὢ朆↢㕤⓮㤕 䚖䘬ᷳ㛒℔攳埴䁢䫱⚈䳈炷ㆹ⚳⮰⇑㱽䫔 59 㡅 1 枭 1 㫦炸炻侴ᶵ㥳ㆸ⮰⇑ Ὕ㪲埴䁢ˤ
⎹炻⎗ẍ枸㛇㖍⼴㬌䧖䓙墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ↮㑼⮎㕥䘬ン㧋ㅱ娚⎒ ⡆䃉㷃炻劍䃉㱽⮵㬌䧖ね㱩Ḱẍᶨ⭂夷䭬炻⮯ἧ埴䁢Ṣ⎗德忶 ⮯⮎㕥埴䁢ᷕᷳᶨ⮷悐↮↯√廱⊭䴎䫔ᶱṢᷳ㕡⺷庽㖻夷性⮰ ⇑Ὕ⭛屔ả炻⮵㕤⮰⇑㪲Ṣᷳᾅ嬟Ụ⩴ᶵ␐ˤ炷ᶲ徘婒㖶炻⍫ 夳ᶳ堐 1炸烉 埴䁢栆✳ 埴䁢Ṣ X 埴䁢Ṣ Y ⁁姣 栆✳ 1 ⮎㕥 Aĺݳ ⬴㔜⮎㕥 A為 Bĺݲ 劍䃉 X ⮎㕥 A炻Y 䃉 ⽆ ⮎ 㕥 Ὕ 㪲 埴 䁢ˤ 栆✳ 2 ⮎㕥 Aĺݳ ⮎㕥 Bĺݳ 冒⮰⇑㪲Ṣ奺⹎炻 ᾅ嬟Ụ⩴ᶵ␐ˤ 栆✳ 3 㛒⮎㕥 A ㆾ Bĺ ݳ炷㔁⒮ɬ⸓≑ Ś炸 ⬴㔜⮎㕥 A為 Bĺݲ 劍䃉 X 㔁⒮⸓≑炻 Y䃉⽆⮎㕥Ὕ㪲埴 䁢ˤ 堐㟤 1 炷ἄ侭墥堐炸 㕤ᶲ徘⎬䧖埴䁢栆✳ᶳ炻㛒⮎㕥䲣䇕⮰⇑㪲ᷳ㚱㥳ㆸ天 ẞ炻ὅℐ天ẞ⍇⇯ᶵ㥳ㆸ⮰⇑䚜㍍Ὕ⭛侭炻㗗⏎Ṏㅱ⯙℞⮵Ὕ ⭛ᷳ⍫冯ㆾ↮㑼埴䁢屈屔炻⌛䁢㛔㔯㫚妶婾ᷳ婚柴ˤㆹ⚳䓙 㕤䚖⇵⮰⇑㱽᷎䃉斄㕤攻㍍Ὕ㪲ᷳ㖶㔯夷⭂炻㓭憅⮵㚱墯㔠埴 䁢Ṣ⍫冯⮰⇑䘤㖶ᷳ⮎㕥䘬ね㱩炻傥德忶㮹㱽ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢 嗽䎮ˤ
㚱 揹 㕤 ㆹ ⚳ 䚖 ⇵ ⮎ ⊁ ᶲ 斄 㕤 ⮰ ⇑ 攻 ㍍ Ὕ ⭛ ᷳ 㟰 ẞ ṵ Ⱄ 㚱 旸炻㛔㔯㒔㍉⍾㭼庫㱽䞼䨞䘬↮㜸㕡㱽炻⮵㕤ㆹ⚳⮰⇑㱽䘤⯽ ℟㚱ᶨ⭂⼙枧炻ᶼ⮎⊁ᶲṎ䳗䧵䚠䔞䦳⹎ᷳ⬠婒夳妋冯⇌㰢 ⃰ἳ䘬伶⚳冯㖍㛔Ḵ⚳炻ἄ䁢㛔㔯㭼庫㱽䘬䞼䨞⮵尉ˤ啱䓙㔜 䎮吸普⚳ℏ⢾䚠斄㔯䌣冯⇌㰢炻忚侴㭼庫↮㜸ㆹ⚳冯伶⚳ˣ㖍 㛔ᷳ㱽⼳夷䭬ˣ⬠婒䎮婾冯⮎⊁䉨㱩ˤ ➢㕤ᶲ徘䘬⓷柴シ嬀ẍ⍲䞼䨞㕡㱽炻㛔㔯ẍᶳ⮯⃰㩊妶ㆹ ⚳䚖⇵㮹㱽ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢ᷳ夷䭬炻慸㶭䎦埴䘬夷䭬ẍ⍲⮎⊁妋 慳怑䓐㕤⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ḳẞ㗪炻⎗傥怕忯ᷳ⓷柴ㆾ暋柴炻᷎ᶼ忚ᶨ 㬍㩊妶伶⚳冯㖍㛔㱽䚖⇵斄㕤⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛ᷳ夷䭬䉨㱩炻↮㜸 ℞䔘⎴炻㍸ὃㆹ⚳㛒Ἦ㩊妶⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛屔ả⇞⹎⎗ὃ⍫侫䘬 㕡⎹ˤ
幂ҷ㎠⢚㝋媖㜇姛䉉⁉⎕㙣㝌⎸Ὶ嬞䵓
ᾏҷ㶠㹤⌀▛⅄㲙姛䉉
㊱ㆹ⚳㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 1 枭夷⭂ˬ㔠Ṣℙ⎴ᶵ㱽Ὕ⭛ṾṢ ᷳ㪲⇑侭炻忋ⷞ屈㎵⭛岈屔ảˤᶵ傥䞍℞ᷕ⬘䁢≈⭛Ṣ侭Ṏ ⎴ˤ˭⎴㡅䫔 2 枭ˬ忈シṢ⍲⸓≑Ṣ炻夾䁢ℙ⎴埴䁢Ṣˤ˭忂婒娵䁢㛔㡅夷⭂⊭⏓Ḯᶱ䧖Ὕ㪲埴䁢ン㧋 8 炻䫔ᶨ炻䊡佑ℙ⎴Ὕ 㪲埴䁢 9 炷185 㡅䫔 1 枭⇵㭝炸ˣ䫔Ḵ炻ℙ⎴⌙晒埴䁢炷185 㡅 䫔 1 枭⼴㭝炸ˣ䫔ᶱ炻忈シ冯⸓≑埴䁢炷185 㡅䫔 2 枭炸ˤ℞ᷕ炻 ℙ⎴⌙晒埴䁢ᷳㆸ䩳炻枰⎬⍫冯⌙晒埴䁢ᷳṢ⛯娚䔞㕤㮹㱽 䫔 184 㡅ᷳ㥳ㆸ天ẞ炷Ṏ⌛⎬枰㚱≈⭛埴䁢ˣ忽㱽⿏⍲㓭シ忶 ⣙炸炻⯙埴䁢冯㎵⭛攻䘬⚈㝄斄Ὢ悐↮炻嗽㕤ˬ㑯ᶨ⚈㝄斄 Ὢ˭侴⼿䓙㱽⼳㍐⭂ᷳ 10 ˤょ㕤⮰⇑㪲Ὕ⭛䘬ね⼊炻忂ⷠ㚫䴻 忶⮰⇑Ὕ⭛揹⭂䫱䦳⸷䡢娵ᾳ⇍埴䁢冯㎵⭛攻ᷳ⚈㝄斄Ὢ炻庫 暋゛⁷㚱㑯ᶨ⚈㝄斄Ὢᷕ䃉㱽䡢⭂⬘䁢≈⭛侭ᷳね㱩⬀⛐炻㓭 ⯙ℙ⎴⌙晒埴䁢ᷳ悐↮炻㕤㬌ᶵḰ岭徘ˤ 斄㕤䊡佑ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢䘬ㆸ䩳天ẞ炻椾天⇵㍸⛐㕤炻㭷ᶨ ℙ⎴埴䁢Ṣ⛯枰℟⁁Ὕ㪲埴䁢ᷳ天ẞ炻劍℞ᷕᶨṢ䃉㓭シ忶 ⣙炻⇯℞Ṣ朆Ὕ㪲埴䁢Ṣ炻ᶵ屈冯℞Ṿ℟⁁Ὕ㪲埴䁢天ẞᷳṢ 忋ⷞ岈㎵⭛ᷳ屔ả 11ˤ℞㫉炻⎬ℙ⎴埴䁢Ṣᷳ埴䁢枰℟㚱ℙ 8 䌳㽌揹炷2006炸炻˪Ὕ㪲埴䁢㱽䫔ḴℲ烉䈡㬲Ὕ㪲埴䁢˫炻枩 19炻冢⊿烉冒 䇰ˣ⬓㢖䃙炷2014炸炻˪㮹㱽⁝䶐䷥婾ᶲℲ˫炻枩 273烉冢⊿烉冒䇰ˤ 9 䌳㽌揹炻⎴⇵姣 8炻枩 19炻⮯㬌䧖栆✳䧙䁢ˬ䊡佑ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢˭炻㛔㔯 ⽆ᷳˤ⬠婒ᶲṎ㚱䧙ᷳ䁢ˬℙ⎴≈⭛埴䁢˭侭炻ἳ⤪⬓㢖䃙炻⎴⇵姣 8炻 枩 273ˣ恙倘㘢炷叿炸炻⦂⽿㖶ᾖ妪炷2013炸炻˪ 㕘 妪㮹 㱽 ⁝䶐 忂 ⇯炷 ᶲ 炸˫炻 Ḵ䇰炻枩 196炻冢⊿烉冒䇰ˤ 10 䌳㽌揹炻⎴⇵姣 8炻枩 43-49ˤ 11 ⍫夳㚨檀㱽昊 22 ⸜ᶲ⫿ 3437 嘇⇌ἳˤょ⬠侭䌳㽌揹㊩ᶵ⎴夳妋炻娵䁢㮹
⎴斄倗⿏ˤ⯙㬌媪ℙ⎴斄倗⿏炻䨞ㅱ℟⁁ᷣ奨ℙ⎴斄倗⿏炷Ṏ ⌛埴䁢Ṣ攻枰㚱シ⿅倗䴉炸ㆾ㗗⭊奨䘬ℙ⎴斄倗⿏炷Ṏ⌛埴䁢 Ṣᷳ埴䁢⛐⭊奨ᶲ忈ㆸ⎴ᶨᷳ㪲⇑Ὕ⭛炸炻㚦⺽崟䇕婾 12 ˤỮ 䚖⇵⮎⊁夳妋娵䁢炻⎬ℙ⎴埴䁢Ṣ攻炻ᶵẍ㚱シ⿅倗䴉䁢⽭天炻 㔠Ṣ⚈忶⣙ᶵ㱽Ὕ⭛ṾṢᷳ㪲⇑炻劇⎬埴䁢Ṣᷳ忶⣙埴䁢⛯䁢 ℞䓇㎵⭛ᷳℙ⎴⍇⚈炻⌛媪埴䁢斄倗ℙ⎴炻⌛⎗ㆸ䩳ℙ⎴ Ὕ㪲埴䁢 13 ˤ ⎎⢾炻ὅ㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 2 枭夷⭂炻忈シṢ冯⸓≑Ṣ夾䁢 ℙ⎴埴䁢Ṣ炻侴媪䘬ˬℙ⎴埴䁢Ṣ˭ㅱ㊯⎴㡅䫔 1 枭⇵㭝ᷳ 䊡佑ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢Ṣ炻㗗ẍ炻忈シṢ冯⸓≑Ṣㅱ冯埴䁢Ṣ屈忋 㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 1 枭⇵㭝䁢䌐䩳ᷳ婳㯪㪲➢䢶炻侴ᷣ⻝ˬᷣ奨ℙ⎴≈⭛埴 䁢˭炻㔠⎵≈⭛Ṣ㚱シ⿅倗䴉侴䁢≈⭛埴䁢侭炻ㅱ⯙℞埴䁢↮㑼农ᷳℐ 悐㎵⭛忋ⷞ屈岈屔ảˤ⍫夳䌳㽌揹炻⎴⇵姣 8炻枩 26-27ˤ㬌⢾炻㚨檀 㱽昊 78 ⸜⎘ᶲ⫿䫔 2479 嘇⇌㰢㊯↢烉ˬ媪ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢炻Ὢ㊯㔠Ṣℙ ⎴ᶵ㱽⮵㕤⎴ᶨᷳ㎵⭛炻冯ẍ㡅ẞㆾ⍇⚈ᷳ埴䁢ˤ≈⭛Ṣ㕤ℙ⎴Ὕ⭛㪲⇑ ᷳ䚖䘬䭬⚵ℏ炻⎬冒↮㑼⮎埴埴䁢ᷳᶨ悐炻侴Ḻ䚠⇑䓐ṾṢᷳ埴䁢炻ẍ忼 ℞䚖䘬侭炻ṵᶵ⣙䁢ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢Ṣ炻侴ㅱ⮵㕤ℐ悐䘤䓇ᷳ䳸㝄炻忋ⷞ 屈㎵⭛岈屔ảˤ˭ 12 斄㕤ᷣ奨婒冯⭊奨婒ᷳ㺼嬲炻⍫夳⦂⽿㖶炷2014炸炻˪Ὕ㪲埴䁢㱽˫炻ᾖ妪 ᶱ䇰炻枩 145-148炻冢⊿烉⃫䄏ˤ 13 ⍫夳㚨檀㱽昊 66 ⸜ 6 㚰 1 㖍昊⎘⍫⫿ 0578 嘇Ẍἳ嬲⫿䫔 1 嘇ˤ℞⼴䘬⮎ ⊁夳妋Ṏ⺞临⭊奨婒䘬夳妋炻ἳ⤪㚨檀㱽昊 83 ⸜⎘ᶲ⫿䫔 742 嘇ˣ㚨檀 㱽昊 99 ⸜⎘ᶲ⫿䫔 529 嘇⇌㰢ˤ
ⷞ㎵⭛岈屔ảˤ忂婒娵䁢炻㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 2 枭䧙忈シ冯 ⸓≑䚠䔞㕤↹㱽ᶲ䘬㔁⒮冯⸓≑ 14 炻㎃妨ᷳ炻媪䘬ˬ忈シ˭炻 Ὢ㊯⮵㕤㛔䃉≈⭛ṾṢᷳシ⿅ᷳṢ炻⊠婀℞䁢≈⭛埴䁢炻农℞ ≈⭛ṾṢᷳ埴䁢炷ἧ忪埴Ὕ㪲埴䁢炸15 侴妨烊军㕤ˬ⸓≑˭炻⇯ ㊯㕤ṾṢ䁢Ὕ㪲埴䁢ᷳ晃炻Ḱẍ≑≃炻ἧṾṢ㖻㕤䁢Ὕ㪲埴䁢炻 ℞≑≃⊭㊔䈑岒朊⎹⍲䱦䤆Ⰼ朊䘬≑≃ 16 ˤ忈シṢㆾ⸓≑Ṣ 屈ᷳ屔ả炻ㅱẍ塓忈シṢㆾ塓⸓≑Ṣ⚈⍿忈シㆾ⸓≑埴䁢⼙枧 侴⮎㕥≈⭛埴䁢炻ᶼ⮶农㪲⇑Ὕ⭛䘤䓇䁢⇵㍸ 17 ˤ䯉妨ᷳ炻忈 シㆾ⸓≑埴䁢ᷳㆸ䩳天ẞ炻昌枰塓忈シɬ⸓≑Ṣ℟⁁㪲⇑Ὕ⭛ ᷳὝ㪲埴䁢天ẞ⤪⇵徘⢾炻⯂枰忈シɬ⸓≑Ṣ冒幓℟⁁忈シɬ Ὕ㪲埴䁢ᷳ天ẞ炻⌛枰㚱忈シɬ⸓≑䘬≈⭛埴䁢ˣ枰Ὕ⭛㪲⇑ˣ ᶼ忈シɬ⸓≑埴䁢冯㪲⇑Ὕ⭛攻㚱䚠䔞⚈㝄斄Ὢ 18 ˤᶼ㬌嗽 䧙 ᷳ 忈 シ ㆾ ⸓ ≑ 埴 䁢 炻 ⬠ 婒 冯 ⮎ ⊁ ᶲ 㚱 娵 䁢 ㅱ ㍉ 忶 ⣙ 屔 ả ᷣ 14 䌳㽌揹炻⎴⇵姣 8炻枩 39ˣ⬓㢖䃙炻⎴⇵姣 8炻枩 278-279ˤ 15 恙倘㘢炻⎴⇵姣 9炻枩 199ˣ㚨檀㱽昊 99 ⸜⹎⎘ᶲ⫿䫔 1207 嘇㮹ḳ⇌㰢烉 ˬ㊱㔠Ṣℙ⎴ᶵ㱽Ὕ⭛ṾṢᷳ㪲⇑炻ㅱ忋ⷞ屈㎵⭛岈屔ả烊忈シṢ⍲⸓ ≑Ṣ夾䁢ℙ⎴埴䁢Ṣ炻㮹㱽䫔ᶨ䘦ℓ⋩Ḽ㡅⭂㚱㖶㔯ˤ㬌媪忈シ⍲⸓≑ 埴䁢炻ᷫ㔁⒮ㆾ⸓≑ṾṢἧ忪埴ㆾ㖻㕤忪埴Ὕ㪲埴䁢炻℞ᷣ奨ᶲ㚱㓭シㆾ 忶⣙炻⭊奨ᶲ⮵㕤℞䘤䓇ᷳ䳸㝄㚱䚠䔞⚈㝄斄Ὢ炻⌛枰忋ⷞ屈㎵⭛岈屔 ảˤ˭ 16 䌳㽌揹炻⎴⇵姣 8炻枩 39ˤ 17 ⦂⽿㖶炻⎴⇵姣 12炻枩 160ˣ166ˤ 18 ⦂⽿㖶炻⎴⇵姣 12炻枩 160ˣ166ˤ
佑 19 炻ỮṎ㚱⬠婒㚱≃夳妋娵䁢ㅱẍ㓭シ䁢⽭天炻ᶵ⊭㊔媪 䘬忶⣙忈シㆾ忶⣙⸓≑ 20 ˤ 军㕤ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢ㆸ䩳⼴ᷳ㱽⼳㓰㝄䁢ỽ烎ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢 ᷳ埴䁢Ṣὅ㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 1 枭夷⭂ㅱ屈忋ⷞ㎵⭛岈屔ảˤ 㛔夷⭂䁢㮹㱽䫔 272 㡅䧙ᷳ㱽⭂忋ⷞ⁝⊁炻℞㱽⼳㓰㝄⇯ὅ 㮹㱽䫔 273 㡅ẍᶳᷳ夷⭂ 21ˤ䯉妨ᷳ炻⯙⮵⢾斄Ὢ侴妨炻婳㯪 㪲Ṣ炷㎵⭛岈⁝㪲Ṣ炸⼿冒埴㰢⭂⎹屈忋ⷞ屔ảᷳℙ⎴Ὕ㪲 埴䁢Ṣ婳㯪岈ᷳ柵⹎炻⊭㊔⎗ẍ⎹℞ᷕᶨṢ婳㯪ℐ悐炻ㆾ㔠 Ṣ↮㑼悐↮ᷳ柵⹎ˤ军㕤㎵⭛岈⁝⊁Ṣ攻ᷳℏ悐斄Ὢ炻劍ὅ 㮹㱽䫔 280 㡅⍲䫔 281 㡅夷⭂炻⍇⇯ᶲ昌㱽⼳⎎㚱夷⭂ㆾ⣹䲬 ⎎㚱妪⭂⢾炻ㅱ⸛⛯↮㑼佑⊁ˤ䃞侴炻⬠婒ᶲ㚱娵䁢炻㕤⎬娚 ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢Ṣ攻㕤㎵⭛䘤䓇ᷳ⍫冯⹎㚱栗叿ⶖ䔘㗪炻怑䓐⸛ ⛯↮㑼⍲㯪炻⿸㚱ᶵ℔炻㓭㕤妋慳㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅夷⭂侴埵䓇 ᷳℏ悐↮㑼⍲䚠Ḻ㯪炻Ụㅱ㛔㕤㱽⼳䱦䤆℔⸛⍇⇯炻ẍ⍫冯 㭼ἳἄ䁢怑䓐ὅ㒂 22ˤ 19 ⍫夳㚨檀㱽昊 98 ⸜⎘ᶲ⫿䫔 1790 嘇ˣ㚨檀㱽昊 99 ⸜⎘ᶲ⫿䫔 1207 嘇ˣ ⬓㢖䃙炻⎴⇵姣 8炻枩 279ˤ 20 䌳㽌揹炻⎴⇵姣 8炻枩 41ˣ⦂⽿㖶炻⎴⇵姣 12炻枩 162-164ˤ 21 ⦂⽿㖶炻⎴⇵姣 12炻枩 170ˤ 22 恙倘㘢炻⎴⇵姣 9炻枩 201ˤ
‛ҷ㝋⎸⅄ⵂ‚₅懸䚷㶠㹤⌀▛⅄㲙姛䉉嬞
ㆹ⚳⮎⊁ᶲ斄㕤⮰⇑Ὕ㪲姜姇忳䓐㮹㱽ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢ᷳ㟰 ἳ炻⣂㔠䁢⎬娚埴䁢Ṣ⛯ᾳ⇍⬴ㆸ䌐䩳䘬⮎㕥埴䁢炷ἳ⤪炻 ⯙ᶨ䈑ᷳ䘤㖶炻䓚℔⎠屈屔䓇䓊墥忈Ὕ㪲䈑ˣḁ℔⎠屈屔扟ⓖ炻 ℑ侭ᷳ埴䁢⛯Ⱄ⮰⇑⮎㕥埴䁢炻⼿䌐冒ㆸ䩳⮰⇑Ὕ⭛埴䁢炸炻 德忶㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅夷⭂ἧ⎬埴䁢Ṣ屈忋ⷞ㎵⭛岈屔ả 23ˤ 䚠⮵㕤ᶲ徘⎬娚埴䁢Ṣᷳ埴䁢⛯䌐䩳ㆸ䩳Ὕ⭛⮰⇑㪲ᷳ㟰ἳ炻 㛔㔯㒔妶婾ᷳ⮵尉炻⇯䁢ὅㆹ⚳䎦埴㱽⇞ᶳᶵㆸ䩳⮰⇑㪲䚜 ㍍Ὕ⭛ᷳ埴䁢Ṣ炻㗗⏎ṵ⎗傥⚈℞埴䁢冯䚜㍍Ὕ⭛埴䁢㚱䵲⭮ 斄倗炷ἳ⤪Ⱄ㕤㔁⒮ㆾ斄挝䘬⸓≑埴䁢䫱炸炻侴枰屈⮰⇑攻㍍ Ὕ⭛屔ảˤ㛔㔯ẍᶳ妶婾侭炻ẍ⼴侭炷Ṏ⌛㴱⍲⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ ⭛屔ả炸ᷳ㟰ἳ炻ᷣ天Ὢ㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 2 枭⤪ỽ妋慳怑䓐ᷳ ⓷柴䁢ᷣˤ 奨媠䚖⇵ㆹ⚳⮎⊁斄㕤⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ḳẞ㴱⍲䘬忈シㆾ⸓≑ ᷳὝ㪲屔ả炻枰㺧嵛ẍᶳ天ẞ㕡⥳ㆸ䩳 24 烉ˬᷣὝ㪲埴䁢Ṣ枰 23 ἳ⤪炻㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊 102 ⸜㮹⮰姜⫿䫔 139 嘇ˣ㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊 101 ⸜⹎㮹 ⮰ᶲ⫿䫔 10 嘇ˣ㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊 102 ⸜⹎㮹⮰姜⫿䫔 60 嘇㮹ḳ⇌㰢⛯Ⱄ℞ ἳˤ 24 ⍫夳㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊 101 ⸜⹎㮹⮰ᶲ㖻⫿䫔 1 嘇⇌㰢ˣ㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊 103 ⸜⹎㮹⮰ᶲ⫿䫔 16 嘇ˤ䁢Ὕ㪲埴䁢炻ᶼ⭊奨ᶲ忈シˣ⸓≑埴䁢⛯枰⮵Ὕ㪲䳸㝄ᷳ䘤䓇 㚱䚠䔞⚈㝄斄Ὢ炻忈シṢˣ⸓≑Ṣ⥳屈ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲屔ả炻ᶼˮ忈 シ˯ˣˮ⸓≑˯⛯枰↢㕤㓭シ 25 …ˤ㸾㬌炻ㆹ⚳⮵ˮ忈シ˯ˣ ˮ⸓≑˯ᷳὝ㪲屔ảὪ㍉⽆Ⱄ婒炻᷎朆䌐䩳婒炻᷎ẍ㓭シ䁢⽭ 天炻ᶵ⮯ᷳˮ忶⣙⊾˯ˤ˭ℵ侭炻媪㓭シ炻妋慳ᶲㅱ⊭⏓㖶 䞍᷎㚱シἧ℞䘤䓇ᷳ䚜㍍㓭シ烊ㆾ枸夳℞䘤䓇侴℞䘤䓇᷎ᶵ忽 側℞㛔シᷳ攻㍍㓭シ⛐ℏˤ 䓙㬌⎗䞍炻ㆹ⚳䚖⇵⮰⇑姜姇⮎⊁ᶲ炻斄㕤ℙ⎴Ὕ⭛⮰⇑ 㪲䘬ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢屔ảᷳㆸ䩳炻忂婒Ὢẍ䚜㍍Ὕ㪲埴䁢炷ᷣὝ 㪲埴䁢炸⬀⛐䁢⇵㍸炻᷎ᶼ⛐忈シㆾ⸓≑䘬ね㱩炻⽭枰ὪⰔ㓭 シ炻侴ᶵ⊭㊔忶⣙䘬ね㱩炻冯㛔㔯⇵徘ᶨ凔ᷳ⍇⇯᷎䃉↢ℍˤ ẍᶳ德忶ᶱᾳ庫℟ẋ堐⿏ᷳ㟰ἳ炻㩊夾ㆹ⚳䚖⇵⛐⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ḳ ẞ怑䓐㮹㱽ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢夷⭂ᷳね㱩ˤ 炷ᶨ炸 慓喍䳬⎰䈑⮰⇑ḳẞ 㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊㚦⛐斄㕤慓喍䳬⎰䈑⮰⇑䘬ḳẞ 26ᷕ炻娵䁢 25 ⍫夳㚨檀㱽昊 92 ⸜⹎冢ᶲ⫿䫔 1593 嘇㮹ḳ⇌㰢ˤ 26 ⍫夳㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊 97 ⸜⹎㮹⮰姜⫿䫔 5 嘇⇌㰢ˣ㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊 97 ⸜⹎㮹 ⮰ᶲ⫿䫔 20 嘇⇌㰢ˤ℞ᷕ斄㕤⇵侭䘬⇌㰢姽慳炻⍫夳㛶䳈厗炷2009炸炻˨慓 喍 䳬 ㆸ 䈑 ⮰ ⇑ 冯 ℙ ⎴ Ὕ 㪲 埴 䁢 㱽 ᷳ 怑 䓐 炼 䯉 姽 㘢 ㄏ 屉 䓊 㱽 昊 ḅ ᶫ ⸜ 㮹 ⮰ 姜⫿䫔Ḽ嘇⇌㰢˩炻˪冢䀋㱽⬠暄娴˫炻119 㛇炻枩 211-219ˤ
䔞㚱ᶨ⮰⇑婳㯪枭Ὢ䓙墯㔠⊾⎰䈑炷A為B炸䳬ㆸ㗪炻╖䌐䓇䓊 ㆾ屑岋℞ᷕᶨ䧖⊾⎰䈑ᷳ㚱㓰ㆸ↮炻ᶼ㕤℞喍⑩ầ╖ᷕ㔁䣢᷎ ᶼ⺢嬘⎰Ἕἧ䓐 A為B ᷳ塓⏲炷塓ᶲ姜Ṣ炸炻ᶵὝ⭛慓喍䳬⎰ 䈑⮰⇑㪲 27 ˤ⎴㗪炻㱽昊娵䁢炻䴻慓ⷓ攳䩳嗽㕡⼴炻䕭かὅ䄏 ㊯䣢⎰Ἕἧ䓐 A 冯 B ᷳ墥∹炻⚢䃞㚱⮯娚㟰ᷕ⮰⇑䓛婳⮰⇑䭬 ⚵䓴⭂ᷳ䳬ㆸ䈑 A 冯 B ≈ẍ䳬⎰炻Ữ⚈慓ⷓ冯䕭か栗䃞㛒℟ Ὕ⭛⮰⇑㪲ᷳ㓭シㆾ忶⣙炻侴ᶵ㥳ㆸὝ㪲埴䁢炻㓭㕤℞喍⑩ầ ╖ᷕ㔁䣢᷎ᶼ⺢嬘⎰Ἕἧ䓐 A為B ᷳ塓ᶲ姜Ṣ冒䃉ỽˬ㔁⒮Ṿ Ṣἧ䓇Ὕ㪲埴䁢㰢シ炻᷎忚侴䁢Ὕ㪲埴䁢˭ᷳ忈シ埴䁢⎗妨烊 ᶼ塓ᶲ姜Ṣ㕤⬠⎵喍ầ╖ᷳ㔁䣢冯⺢嬘炻⮵㕤䲣䇕⮰⇑䳬⎰䈑 27 㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊 97 ⸜⹎㮹⮰ᶲ⫿䫔 20 嘇⇌㰢㊯↢烉ˬ斄㕤塓ᶲ姜Ṣ㕤ˬ㱴 䈡⢓˭喍⑩ầ╖ᷕ㔁䣢᷎⺢嬘慓ⷓㆾ䱾⯧䕭か䚜㍍㚵䓐䙖⇑愖渥栆冯傘Ⲟ 䳈↮㱴Ὣ忚∹ˣ暁偵ㆾ傘Ⲟ䳈墥∹⎰Ἕἧ䓐ᷳ慓喍䳬⎰悐↮……䙖⇑愖ㆾ ℞渥栆炷䙖⇑愖渥愠渥炸ᷳ喍⑩ᷫ嗽㕡䓐喍⍲ᾅ䴎Ẁ䓐喍炻㚱斄娚嗽㕡 ᷳ攳䩳⍲ἧ䓐炻朆䴻慓ⷓ䯥会炻ᶨ凔Ṣᶵ⼿ảシ䁢ᷳˤ㗗ẍ㗗⏎⎰Ἕἧ䓐 䙖⇑愖⍲暁偵ˣ傘Ⲟ䳈↮㱴Ὣ忚∹ㆾ傘Ⲟ䳈墥∹炻Ὢ䓙慓ⷓ姽Ộ䕭か䕭ね ⍲幓橼䉨㱩⼴炻攳䩳䚠斄嗽㕡炻䕭か⚈㬌㚵䓐䙖⇑愖ㆾ℞渥栆ᷳ喍⑩ᶼ⎰ Ἕἧ䓐暁偵ˣ傘Ⲟ䳈↮㱴Ὣ忚∹ㆾ傘Ⲟ䳈墥∹炻㬌Ὢ䘤䓇㕤塓ᶲ姜Ṣ䓇䓊 扟 ⓖ ˮ 㱴 䈡 ⢓ ˯ 喍 ⑩ ᷳ ⼴ 炻 朆 ⎗ 䓙 塓 ᶲ 姜 Ṣ 傥 㰢 ⭂ ˤ 㗗 ẍ ⮎ 晃 ᶲ ⮯ 䫔 135500嘇⮰⇑䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵䓴⭂ᷳ䳬ㆸ䈑炷A炸冯炷B炸≈ẍ䳬⎰侭ᷫ 思⽒慓♹侴㚵䓐娚喍䈑ᷳ䕭か炻塓ᶲ姜Ṣ╖䲼䓇䓊扟ⓖℏ⏓䙖⇑愖渥栆 ㆸ↮ᷳ喍⑩ˮ㱴䈡⢓˯炻᷎㛒墥忈ˣ䁢屑岋ᷳ天䲬ˣ屑岋ˣἧ䓐ㆾ忚⎋ˮ䙖 ⇑ 愖 冯 ℞ Ṿ ⊾ ⎰ 䈑 炷 ⌛ 暁 偵 ˣ 傘 Ⲟ 䳈 ↮ 㱴 Ὣ 忚 ∹ ㆾ 傘 Ⲟ 䳈 墥 ∹ 炸 ᷳ 䳬 ㆸ 䈑˯˭ˤ
ᷳ䓇ㆸ炷䚜㍍⮎㕥埴䁢炸炻᷎䃉䚠䔞⚈㝄斄Ὢ炻⚈侴娵䁢塓ᶲ 姜Ṣ䃉屈ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲屔ảˤ ⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻塓ᶲ姜Ṣ䓊扟ᷳ喍⑩ℏ⏓ᷳ㚱㓰ㆸ↮䴻䕭か 㚵䓐⼴炻㚫⚈Ṣ橼冒䃞ẋ嫅侴䓊䓇䲣䇕⮰⇑ᾅ嬟ᷳ⊾⎰䈑炻 侴⎗傥句ℍ娚㟰ᷕ⎎ᶨ⮰⇑ᷳ䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵炷C ⊾⎰䈑⍲ D ⊾ ⎰䈑炸ℏ炻Ữ㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊娵䁢炻塓ᶲ姜Ṣ䓊扟ᷳ喍⑩㳣⿏ ㆸ↮᷎㛒句ℍ䲣䇕⮰⇑䘬㪲⇑䭬⚵ℏ炻娚㳣⿏ㆸ↮䴻Ṣ橼冒䃞 ẋ嫅⼴晾㚫䓊䓇 C ⍲ D ⊾⎰䈑炻Ữ㬌䳸㝄Ὢ崟⚈㕤䕭か橼ℏ䘬 ẋ嫅炻᷎朆塓ᶲ姜Ṣ䁢炻㓭⏎娵℞䁢䚜㍍埴䁢Ṣˤ℞㫉炻⯙ 忈シㆾ⸓≑ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲悐↮炻㱽昊娵䁢炻䕭か㚵䓐喍⑩⼴炻⚈ẋ 嫅ἄ䓐侴䓊䓇 C ⍲ D ⊾⎰䈑炻忚侴䘤䓇㱣䗪䱾⯧䕭ᷳ䗪㓰炻ˬょ 䕭か炷ᷣ埴䁢Ṣ炸栗䃞㛒℟Ὕ⭛ᶲ姜Ṣ䫔 63119 嘇⮰⇑㪲ᷳ㓭 シㆾ忶⣙炻侴ᶵ㥳ㆸὝ㪲埴䁢炻塓ᶲ姜Ṣ冒䃉ỽˮ㔁⒮ṾṢἧ 䓇Ὕ㪲埴䁢㰢シ炻᷎忚侴䁢Ὕ㪲埴䁢˯ᷳ忈シ埴䁢炻ㆾˮ䴎Ḱ Ὕ㪲埴䁢Ṣ≑≃炻ἧᷳ㖻㕤䁢Ὕ㪲埴䁢˯ᷳ⸓≑埴䁢⎗妨炻㓭 塓ᶲ姜Ṣ䃉屈ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲屔ảˤ˭ 炷Ḵ炸 暣儎庇橼䚠斄䘤㖶ḳẞ 昌ᶲ徘慓喍䳬⎰䈑䘤㖶⢾炻㕤暣儎庇橼䚠斄䘤㖶ᷳ柀➇炻 Ṏ㗪ⷠ䘤䓇Ὕ⭛埴䁢㴱⍲墯㔠埴䁢Ṣᷳね㱩ˤ斄㕤暣儎庇橼䘤
㖶炻䓙㕤䚖⇵ㆹ⚳⮰⇑⮑㞍⮎⊁天㯪暣儎庇橼䚠斄䘤㖶ᷳˬ墅 伖˭⽭枰䁢䠔橼ㆾ℟庇橼≇傥䘬䠔橼炻㓭⼰⎗傥䘤䓇⺈⓮墥忈 ᷎屑岋ᷳ暣儎庇橼䦳⺷炻㛒句ℍ暣儎庇橼䚠斄䘤㖶ᷳ䓛婳⮰⇑ 䭬⚵ℏ炻侴枰䴻㴰屣侭⮯暣儎庇橼䦳⺷⮎晃⬱墅㕤暣儎⼴炻ㇵ 句ℍ䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵ℏᷳね⼊ˤ ⮵㕤㬌䧖ね㱩炻㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊娵䁢 28炻䓙㕤䲣䇕䓊⑩䁢╖ 䲼暣儎庇橼䦳⺷炻妋慳ᶲ㛒句ℍ䲣䇕⮰⇑䧙ˬ墅伖˭ᷳ㔯佑 ㆾ⛯䫱䭬⚵炻ᶼ䲣䇕䓊⑩Ṏ㫈仢䲣䇕⮰⇑䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵䫔 1 枭 ᷳˬᷕ⣖嗽䎮╖⃫˭⍲ˬ姀ㅞ橼˭䫱䠔橼㥳ẞ炻㓭塓⏲╖䌐墥 忈ˣ屑ⓖ䲣䇕䓊⑩ᷳ埴䁢㛒句ℍ䲣䇕⮰⇑䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵ℏ炻侴 枰⼭䫔ᶱṢ⮯䲣䇕䓊⑩⬱墅㕤暣儎᷎➟埴⼴炻ㇵ⎗傥句ℍ䲣䇕 ⮰⇑䭬⚵ᷕˤ㱽昊㕤㗗⛐䲣䇕䓊⑩㛒句ℍ䲣䇕⮰⇑ᷳ䓛婳⮰⇑ 䭬⚵䘬⇵㍸ᶳ炻➢㕤ℐ天ẞ⍇⇯ˣ䴻㔯佑妋慳ẍ⍲⛯䫱婾炻娵 ⭂䲣䇕䓊⑩ᶵ㥳ㆸ䲣䇕⮰⇑㪲ᷳ䚜㍍Ὕ⭛⼴炻㚜忚ᶨ㬍㩊妶㛔 㟰㗗⏎㴱⍲⮰⇑Ὕ⭛䘬忈シ冯⸓≑埴䁢炻ẍ⇌㕟㚱䃉㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 2 枭ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢ᷳ怑䓐⎗傥⿏ˤ 斄㕤忈シㆾ⸓≑ᷳℙ⎴Ὕ㪲屔ảᷳㆸ䩳炻㗗⏎ẍ䚜㍍Ὕ⭛ 28 㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊 100 ⸜⹎㮹⮰姜⫿䫔 69 嘇⇌㰢ˣ㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊 101 ⸜⹎㮹 ⮰ᶲ⫿䫔 22 嘇⇌㰢ˤ
䘬⬀⛐䁢⇵㍸ᷳ⓷柴炻㛔㟰⇌㰢䧙烉ˬᶲ姜Ṣ⯙䈡⭂ㆾᶵ䈡⭂ ᷳ 㴰 屣 侭 岤 屟 䲣 䇕 䓊 ⑩ ⼴ 炻 䡢 㚱 ⮯ 䲣 䇕 䓊 ⑩ ⬱ 墅 军 暣 儎 ℏ ἧ 䓐炻侴⮯䲣䇕䓊⑩冯暣儎墅伖≈ẍ䳬⎰ᷳ埴䁢᷎㛒冱嫱ẍ⮎℞ 婒炻℞䨢妨ᷣ⻝冒朆⎗㍉炻㗗䃉㱽嫱㖶㚱䚜㍍Ὕ㪲埴䁢Ṣᷳ埴 䁢ㆾ℞埴䁢农䓇㎵⭛䳸㝄ᷳ䘤䓇ˤ˭Ὢ㍉⽆Ⱄ婒炻Ṏ⌛ẍ䚜㍍ Ὕ㪲埴䁢Ṣᷳ⬀⛐䁢忈シㆾ⸓≑埴䁢Ṣ屔ảㆸ䩳ᷳ⇵㍸ˤ➢㛔 ᶲ冯ㆹ⚳䚖⇵⮎⊁ᶲᷳ忂婒夳妋ᶨ农ˤ 斄㕤㛔㟰ᷕ㗗⏎⬀⛐⮰⇑䚜㍍Ὕ⭛埴䁢炻㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊䫔 Ḵ⮑⇌㰢娵䁢炻⮰⇑㪲Ṣ䃉㱽冱嫱嫱㖶㴰屣侭䡢⮎㚱⬱墅䲣䇕 䓊⑩军暣儎ἧ䓐炻侴⮯䲣䇕䓊⑩冯暣儎墅伖≈ẍ䳬⎰ᷳ埴䁢炻 ⽆侴㟡㛔ᶲ⏎娵Ḯ⮎㕥埴䁢ᷳ⬀⛐ˤ㕤⽆Ⱄ婒䘬⇵㍸ᶳ炻塓⏲ ᷳ忈シㆾ⸓≑埴䁢ḇ䔞䃞䃉㱽ㆸ䩳Ὕ㪲埴䁢ˤ⛐䎦埴夷䭬ᶳ炻 䔞䚜㍍⮎㕥Ṣ䁢㴰屣侭㗪炻⮰⇑㪲Ṣ㫚冱嫱嫱㖶℞⮵㕤Ὕ㪲埴 䁢㚱㓭シㆾ忶⣙炻⮎朆㖻ḳˤℵ侭炻䓙㕤ㆹ⚳⮰⇑㱽䫔 59 㡅䫔 1枭䫔 1 㫦夷⭂炻䘤㖶⮰⇑㪲ᷳ㓰≃炻ᶵ⍲㕤朆↢㕤⓮㤕䚖䘬ᷳ 㛒℔攳埴䁢炻⚈㬌炻䷙ἧ㴰屣侭⎗傥军⮹⯙⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ᷳ䳸㝄㚱 枸夳⎗傥炻侴㚱㛒⽭㓭シㆾ忶⣙炻Ữ⎒天℞Ὢ➢㕤ᾳṢἧ䓐䫱 朆⓮㤕䚖䘬侴䁢ᷳ㛒℔攳⇑䓐炻ὅ⇵㎕夷⭂⌛ᶵ㥳ㆸ⮰⇑㪲Ὕ ⭛ˤ⇯⛐忈シㆾ⸓≑Ὕ㪲屔ả㍉⍾⽆Ⱄ婒ᷳ䩳⟜ᶳ炻⎒天䚜㍍ ⮎㕥埴䁢Ṣ䁢㴰屣侭炻⌛⸦᷶㰺㚱ㆸ䩳忈シㆾ⸓≑Ὕ㪲屔ảᷳ
⎗傥⿏ˤ䃞侴炻㕤㛔㟰ᷕ墥忈᷎屑岋暣儎庇橼ᷳ埴䁢炻ḳ⮎ᶲ 㚫忈ㆸ婀䘤⣏慷䚜㍍⮎㕥䲣䇕⮰⇑㪲ᷳ䳸㝄炻⮵㕤⮰⇑㪲Ṣᷳ ⼙枧䓂懭炻劍㕤㬌䧖ね㱩ᶳ炻ṵ♜⬰䚜㍍Ὕ⭛⽆Ⱄ婒䘬䩳⟜炻 ⮯⎗傥⮶农⮰⇑㪲Ṣᷳᾅ嬟⮎㓰⿏⣏ㇻ㉀㈋ 29 ˤ 炷ᶱ炸 䧵橼暣嶗䚠斄䘤㖶ḳẞ 昌ᶲ徘ṳ䳡ᷳℑᾳ㟰ἳ⢾炻ㆹ⚳⮎⊁ᶲ⯂㚱ᶨẞ婾⍲⮰ ⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛䘬慵天㟰ẞˤ㛔㟰側㘗ḳ⮎䁢炻⍇⏲ᷣ⻝塓⏲墥忈ˣ 屑岋䓐㕤Ὕ⭛䲣䇕⮰⇑䘬㘞䇯䫱埴䁢炻Ὢẍ墥忈ˣ屑岋ˣ䁢屑 岋ᷳ天䲬⍲ἧ䓐ᷳ㕡⺷Ὕ⭛䲣䇕⮰⇑䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵䫔 1 枭炻ᶼ ䷙朆䚜㍍Ὕ⭛炻ṎⰔ㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 2 枭ᷳ忈シㆾ⸓≑Ὕ⭛ˤ 塓⏲⇯㈿彗℞墥忈䘬㘞䇯Ὢ⍇⏲䲣䇕⮰⇑䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵䫔 1 枭ᷳ㈨埻䈡⽝ᷳᶨ炻᷎㛒⬴㔜⮎㕥䲣䇕⮰⇑䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵䫔 1 枭炻㓭᷎㛒Ὕ⭛䲣䇕⮰⇑㪲炻ℵ侭炻䲣䇕⮰⇑ᶵ℟⮰⇑天ẞ炻 㓭⍇⏲ᶵ⼿ᷣ⻝㪲⇑ˤ 㛔㟰䫔ᶨ⮑⇌㰢 30椾⃰娵䁢炻塓⏲冱⺽嫱屯㕁䃉㱽嫱㖶 䲣䇕⮰⇑ 䓛婳⮰ ⇑䭬⚵ 䫔 1 枭 㚱ᶵ℟ ⮰⇑天 ẞ侴ㅱ㑌 扟ᷳ⍇ 29 ἳ⤪㖍㛔㱽ᶲ⌛㚱ᶵ⮹⬠婒ᷣ⻝ㅱ娚夾ᾳ㟰栆✳炻婧㔜⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ㪲ᷳㆸ 䩳㗗⏎ẍ䚜㍍Ὕ㪲⬀⛐䁢⇵㍸ᷳ䩳⟜炻䳘䭨婳⍫夳㛔㔯ẍᶳ斄㕤㖍㛔㱽悐 ↮婒㖶ˤ 30 㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊 99 ⸜⹎㮹⮰姜⫿䫔 59 嘇㮹ḳ⇌㰢ˤ
⚈炻偗娵⍇⏲⮰⇑㪲䘬㚱㓰⿏ˤ两侴娵䁢╖⯙塓⏲墥忈᷎屑岋 䘬䲣䇕㘞䇯䓊⑩奨ᷳ炻晾⚈仢᷷ℐ天ẞ侴ᶵ农Ὕ⭛䲣䇕⮰⇑炻 ょ䓙塓⏲㍸ὃᷳ夷㟤㚠姀庱奨ᷳ炻塓⏲军⮹㚦墥ἄ䫎⎰䲣䇕 ⮰⇑䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵䫔 1 枭ℐ天ẞ㈨埻䈡⽝ᶼ㔯佑䚠䫎ᷳ㷔娎䇰 䓊⑩炻侴Ⱄ⮎㕥䲣䇕⮰⇑㈨埻⿅゛ᷳˬἧ䓐˭埴䁢炻侴Ὕ⭛䲣 䇕⮰⇑䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵䫔 1 枭ˤ ℵ侭炻⯙㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 2 枭夷⭂ᷳ怑䓐⓷柴炻䫔ᶨ⮑⇌ 㰢 晾 娵 䁢 忈 シ ㆾ ⸓ ≑ Ὕ 㪲 屔 ả ẍ 䚜 ㍍ Ὕ 㪲 埴 䁢 Ṣ ᷳ ⬀ ⛐ 䁢 ⇵ ㍸炻Ữ㱽昊娵⭂䓙䲣䇕䓊⑩⛐ⶪ⟜ᶲ䘬㳩忂ね⼊奨ᷳ炻ⶪ⟜ᶲ ⽭㚱岤屟䲣䇕䓊⑩᷎㏕惵夷㟤㚠侴㥳ㆸ䚜㍍Ὕ㪲Ṣᷳ⬀⛐炻᷎ 㛒㍉䲵塓⏲ᷣ⻝⍇⏲᷎㛒冱嫱䚜㍍Ὕ㪲Ṣ⬀⛐䘬彗娆ˤ军㕤忈 シ ㆾ ⸓ ≑ Ὕ 㪲 ᷳ ᷣ 奨 天 ẞ 悐 ↮ 炻 㱽 昊 娵 䁢 㔁 ⒮ ᶵ ẍ 㓭 シ 䁢 ⽭ 天炻Ṏ⼿㚱忶⣙ᷳ㔁⒮ˤ军㕤媪䘬忶⣙娵⭂炻⛐⮰⇑Ὕ㪲ḳ ẞㅱ夾ᾳ㟰ᷕℑ忈ᾳ⇍ᷳ䆇㤕枭䚖ˣ䆇㤕夷㧉⊭㊔屯㛔柵ᷳ⣂ ⮉⍲䆇㓞䉨㱩ˣ䆇㤕䳬䷼⤪㚱䃉䞼䘤╖ỵᷳ姕䩳ˣὝ⭛埴䁢ᷳ ⮎晃ℏ⭡䫱ね⼊⇌㕟埴䁢Ṣ㚱䃉㲐シ佑⊁ᷳ忽⍵ˤ⛐㛔㟰ḳ⮎ 娵⭂ᶲ炻㱽昊㊯↢炻⍇⏲䁢娚柀➇ᷳ䞍⎵⺈⓮炻㊱塓⏲ᷳ䆇㤕 夷㧉⍲䳬䷼炻ㅱ㚱枸夳ㆾ性⚈Ὕ⭛⍇⏲⮰⇑农㎵⭛䘤䓇ᷳ傥 ≃⍲㲐シ佑⊁炻⌣ṵ㛒㲐シ侴Ὕ⭛᷎ἧ䲣䇕䓊⑩⍲夷㟤㚠㳩忂 㕤ⶪ⟜ᶲ炻农䓇冒ㆾṾṢ䚜㍍Ὕ⭛䲣䇕⮰⇑ᷳ埴䁢炻⚈㬌偗
娵塓⏲Ὢ娚䔞㕤䚜㍍Ὕ㪲埴䁢⍲㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 2 枭夷⭂ᷳ 忈シˣ⸓≑ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢ˤ 㛔㟰䫔ᶨ⮑⇌㰢ὪⰔㆹ⚳⮎⊁ᶲ份夳德忶㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 2 枭偗娵媪䘬⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛屔ả䘬㟰ἳ炻㚱℞慵天⿏ˤょ䫔 Ḵ⮑⇌㰢 31ẍ䲣䇕⮰⇑䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵䫔 1 枭ᶵ℟⮰⇑天ẞ䁢䓙 侴䚜㍍楩⚆⮰⇑㪲Ṣ䘬婳㯪炻㛒傥忚ᶨ㬍婾⍲㮹㱽ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴 䁢屔ảᷳ怑䓐⓷柴炻㬲䁢⎗やˤ娚Ḵ⮑⇌㰢▋䴻㚨檀㱽昊楩⚆ ⮰⇑㪲Ṣ䘬ᶲ姜侴䡢⭂ 32ˤ⃀䭉⤪㬌炻㛔㟰䫔ᶨ⮑⇌㰢ㄹ啱 䲣䇕㘞䇯⛐ⶪ⟜ᶲ䘬㳩忂ね㱩䫱攻㍍ḳ嫱䘬⬀⛐⌛㍐㕟㚱䚜㍍ Ὕ㪲埴䁢Ṣ䘬⬀⛐炻᷎ᶼ娵䁢忈シㆾ⸓≑Ὕ㪲䘬ᷣ奨天ẞ枰 㚱忶⣙⌛⎗炻䚠䔞䦳⹎㷃庽⮰⇑㪲Ṣ䘬冱嫱屔ả炻⎗䩢夳㱽昊 ▿娎德忶㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 2 枭䘬妋慳婾ẍ妋㰢⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛⓷ 柴䘬≒≃ˤỮ䵄奨䎦埴⎠㱽⮎⊁炻㍉㛔㟰䫔ᶨ⮑⇌㰢夳妋侭⮎ Ⱄ⮹㔠炻ᶼ㬌䧖妋慳㕡㱽㛒⽭怑䓐㕤㚱㟰ἳ炻Ṏ嵛嫱䎦埴㮹 㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 2 枭怑䓐㕤墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ⍫冯⮎㕥⮰⇑䘬㟰ẞ㗪䡢 㚱℞⚘暋ᷳ嗽ˤ 31 㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊 101 ⸜⹎㮹⮰ᶲ⫿䫔 31 嘇㮹ḳ⇌㰢ˤ 32 㚨檀㱽昊 103 ⸜⹎⎘ᶲ⫿䫔 1423 嘇㮹ḳ⇌㰢ˤ
炷⚃炸 㛔㔯`姕ᷳᶱ䧖埴䁢栆✳ 䚖⇵ㆹ⚳斄㕤墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ⍫冯⮎㕥⮰⇑㗪炻㗗⏎ㆸ䩳㮹㱽 ℙ ⎴ Ὕ 㪲 埴 䁢 ᷳ ᶱ 䧖 ⮎ 晃 㟰 ἳ 炻 ⤪ ⇵ 徘 ˤ ẍ ᶳ ⇯ 㒔 ⯙ 㛔 㔯 ˬ⢡ˣ⓷柴側㘗˭ᷕ`姕ᷳᶱ䧖埴䁢栆✳炻㩊妶⎬娚埴䁢栆 ✳⛐ㆹ⚳㱽ᶲ炻ㅱ⤪ỽ妋慳怑䓐烎 椾⃰炻㕤栆✳ 1 ᷳね㱩炻烨⮎㕥Ḯ⬴㔜䘬 A為B炻㓭 X 䓇䓊墥忈 A ⃫ẞ⼴⍰⮯ A ⃫ẞ廱嬻Ḱ Y炻ㆾ⎗娵䁢Ὢ⮵ Y ᷳὝ ⭛埴䁢䴎Ḱ⸓≑炻侴ὅ㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 2 枭夷⭂枰屈ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲 ᷳ屔ˤ⮎⊁ᶲ忳䓐㚨⣏䘬⓷柴溆⎗傥⛐㕤炻䔞 Y 㫈仢㓭シㆾ忶 ⣙炻ㆾ㚱℞Ṿ⮰⇑㱽ᶲ夷⭂䁢⮰⇑㪲㓰≃ᶵ⍲ᷳἳ⢾ね㱩炻 ⮶农 Y ᷳ䚜㍍Ὕ㪲屔ảᶵㆸ䩳㗪炻⌛暋ẍ⮵ X 徥姜Ὕ㪲屔ảˤ ἳ⤪⇵徘䘬慓喍䳬⎰䈑⮰⇑ˣㆾ暣儎庇橼䘤㖶ḳẞ炻塓㍏Ὕ㪲 Ṣ䓇䓊屑岋⮰⇑䓛婳⮰⇑䭬⚵ᷕᷳᶨ悐↮⃫ẞ炻⌛⮯ᷳ廱嬻 Ḱ䫔ᶱṢ炻Ữ⮎晃⮎㕥⬴㔜䘤㖶ᷳ䫔ᶱṢ炷慓ⷓˣ䕭かㆾ㴰屣 侭炸炻⇯ㆾ⚈㫈仢㓭シ忶⣙ˣㆾὪⰔ⮰⇑㱽䫔 59 㡅军䫔 61 㡅 ⭂⮰⇑㪲㓰≃ᶵ⍲ᷳἳ⢾ね⼊ 33 炻侴ᶵㆸ䩳⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ˤ㬌 33 㬌㗪炻⮰⇑㱽䫔 59 㡅军䫔 61 㡅夷⭂䘬㱽⼳⿏岒䁢ỽ炻⌛Ⱄ慵天ˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻 劍⮯⮰⇑㱽䫔 59 㡅军䫔 61 㡅夷⭂夾䁢ˬ旣⌣忽㱽ḳ䓙˭炻⇯䷙Ẍ⮎㕥埴 䁢Ṣ⚈㸨嵛娚㡅↿旣⌣忽㱽ḳ䓙侴䃉屈屔炻Ữ℞⮎㕥埴䁢㛔幓ṵㆸ䩳 Ὕ㪲埴䁢ˤ劍㬌炻⇯⎗傥㺧嵛㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅天㯪枰㚱䚜㍍Ὕ㪲埴䁢⬀⛐ᷳ
㗪炻X Ṏ䃉屈ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲屔ảˤ ℞㫉炻㕤栆✳ 2 ᷳね㱩炻䓙㕤᷎䃉ảỽ╖ᶨ埴䁢Ṣ⬴㔜⮎ 㕥⮰⇑婳㯪枭炻⍇⇯ᶲỤㅱᶵ㥳ㆸ⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ˤ昌朆ὅ䄏⮹㔠婒 ᷳ夳妋 34炻娵䁢㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䁢䌐䩳婳㯪㪲➢䢶炻侴⛐ X 冯 Y 攻ᷣ奨ᶲ㚱ℙ⎴Ὕ⭛娚⮰⇑㪲ᷳシ⿅倗䴉炻⎗娵䁢 X 冯 Y Ὢ㕤 ℙ⎴Ὕ⭛㪲⇑ᷳ䚖䘬䭬⚵ℏ炻⎬冒↮㑼⮎埴埴䁢ᷳᶨ悐炻侴Ḻ 䚠⇑䓐ṾṢᷳ埴䁢炻ẍ忼℞䚖䘬侭炻㕡⎗傥ㆸ䩳媪䘬ᷣ奨ℙ ⎴≈⭛埴䁢炻忚侴天㯪 X 冯 Y ㅱ⯙℞埴䁢↮㑼农ᷳℐ悐㎵⭛ 忋ⷞ屈岈屔ả炻⏎⇯ὅ䄏䎦埴夷⭂ X ㆾ Y ⛯䃉枰屈屔ˤ ⇵㍸天ẞ炻侴徥䨞㔁⒮ㆾ⸓≑侭ᷳℙ⎴Ὕ㪲屔ảˤ炷ἳ⤪㛔㔯⇵朊ṳ䳡 斄㕤暣儎庇橼䘤㖶⮰⇑ᷳḳẞ炻䔞㴰屣侭⮯暣儎庇橼⬱墅㕤暣儎ℏ᷎➟埴 㗪炻㤕⬴㔜⮎㕥䲣䇕⮰⇑炻㬌㗪劍⮯⮰⇑㱽䫔 59 㡅妋慳䁢旣⌣忽㱽ḳ 䓙炻⇯℞ㆸ䩳Ὕ㪲埴䁢炻⚈℞ὪⰔ朆⓮㤕䚖䘬ᷳ朆℔攳ἧ䓐炻ὅ㱽ἳ ⢾ᶵ枰屈㱽⼳ᶲ屔ả炻Ữ屑岋暣儎庇橼ᷳ㤕侭ṵ⎗傥ㆸ䩳㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 2 枭ᷳ忈シὝ㪲ㆾ⸓≑Ὕ㪲ˤ炸ˤ⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻劍⮯⮰⇑㱽䫔 59 㡅军䫔 61 㡅夷⭂䘬㱽⼳⿏岒⭂ỵ䁢ˬ⮰⇑㪲ᷳἳ⢾˭炻⇯㺧嵛䚠斄夷⭂䘬埴䁢冒⥳ ᶵ䁢⮰⇑㪲㌺Ṿ㓰≃䭬⚵⍲炻⌛ἧ㴰屣侭⮎㕥䲣䇕⮰⇑炻Ữὅ䫔 59 㡅夷⭂ᶵㆸ䩳⮰⇑Ὕ⭛炻冒䃞Ṏ䃉㱽㺧嵛㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅枰㚱䚜㍍Ὕ㪲埴䁢 ⬀⛐ᷳ⇵㍸天ẞ炻⇯㔁⒮ㆾ⸓≑埴䁢Ṣ⌛䃉⽆ㆸ䩳ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢ˤ奨媠㛔 㔯㩊夾䘬㔠ẞ⇌㰢炻㱽昊⛯Ὢẍ䚜㍍⮎㕥Ṣ㫈仢Ὕ㪲䘬㓭シㆾ忶⣙侴⏎ 娵Ὕ㪲埴䁢ᷳㆸ䩳炻忚侴⏎娵㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅ᷳ怑䓐炻⯙⮰⇑㱽䫔 59 㡅军 䫔 61 㡅夷⭂ᷳ㱽⼳⿏岒炻⇯Ụ᷶㛒夳忚ᶨ㬍䘬慸㶭炻⯂⼭㛒Ἦ⮎⊁冯⬠ 婒䎮婾㶙⊾䚠斄䘬婾徘ˤ 34 ⍫夳㛔㔯⇵㎕姣 11 ᷳ婒㖶ˤ
㚨⼴炻㕤栆✳ 3 ᷳね㱩炻劍 Y ⚈⍿忈シㆾ⸓≑埴䁢⼙枧侴 ⮎㕥≈⭛埴䁢炻ᶼ⮶农㪲⇑Ὕ⭛䘤䓇㗪炻忈シṢ X ὅ䄏㮹㱽䫔 185㡅䫔 2 枭夷⭂炻ㅱ冯 Y 屈ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲屔ảˤょ㬌㗪⎴㧋⎗傥 朊冐⇵徘栆✳ 1 徘炻䔞 Y ⚈㚱䫎⎰⮰⇑㱽䫔 59 㡅军䫔 61 㡅 ⭂⮰⇑㪲㓰≃ᶵ⍲ᷳἳ⢾ねḳ炻侴ᶵ㥳ㆸ⮰⇑㪲Ὕ⭛㗪炻 ὅ䄏䚖⇵䘬⮎⊁冯忂婒夳妋炻X Ṏ䃉屈ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲屔ảˤ炷⍫ 夳ᶳ堐 2炸ˤ 埴䁢栆✳ 埴䁢Ṣ X 埴䁢Ṣ Y ⁁姣 栆✳ 1 ⮎㕥 A ⬴㔜⮎㕥 A 為B Y ᷳ䚜㍍Ὕ㪲屔ảㆸ䩳 䘬⇵㍸ᶳ炻X ⎗傥屈㮹㱽 ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢屔ảˤ 栆✳ 2 ⮎㕥 A ⮎㕥 B ⍇⇯ᶲ X 冯 Y ⛯䃉屔 ảˤ炷Ữ⮹㔠婒ㄆⅭ X 冯 Y ᷣ奨ᶲ㚱ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲シ ⿅倗䴉㗪炻⎗傥ㆸ䩳ℙ⎴ Ὕ㪲屔ả炸 栆✳ 3 㛒⮎㕥 A ㆾ B 㔁⒮ɬ⸓ ≑ Y炸 ⬴㔜⮎㕥 A 為B Y ᷳ䚜㍍Ὕ㪲屔ảㆸ䩳 䘬⇵㍸ᶳ炻X ⎗傥屈㮹㱽 ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢屔ảˤ 堐㟤 2 炷ἄ侭墥堐炸
╒ҷ儝ҷ㝴⎸㹤杫㝋朢㔴⅄ⵂῚ嬞
䁢䡢ᾅ⮰⇑ᾅ嬟ᷳ⮎㓰⿏炻㕤伶ˣ㖍䫱⢾⚳䩳㱽ἳ炻⛯㕤 ℞⮰⇑㱽ℏ⡆妪⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛ᷳ夷⭂炻憅⮵悐↮⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ᷳ枸 ⁁ㆾ⸓≑埴䁢炻ẍ䩳㱽䘬㕡⺷Ḱẍ㖶㔯夷䭬 35ˤ㛔䭨⮯㩊妶伶 ⚳冯㖍㛔⮰⇑㱽斄㕤攻㍍Ὕ⭛ᷳ䎦㱩炻ẍ冯ㆹ⚳䚖⇵忳䓐㮹㱽 ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢夷䭬墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ↮㑼⮎㕥ᷳ夷⭂ ᶨ㭼庫ˤᾏҷ儝⢚
伶⚳⮰⇑㱽斄㕤⮰⇑䚜㍍Ὕ⭛炻夷⭂㕤⮰⇑㱽䫔 271 㡅(a) 枭 36烊军㕤媪䘬⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛炻⇯Ὢ夷⭂㕤℞⮰⇑㱽䫔 271 㡅(b)枭 37冯⎴㡅(c)枭 38ˤ℞ᷕ(b)枭Ὢ憅⮵⺽婀Ὕ⭛炷inducement 35 ょ䴻㛔㔯㩊妶伶⚳冯㖍㛔ᷳ䩳㱽冯⮎⊁炻䚖⇵伶㖍䘬攻㍍Ὕ⭛⇞⹎Ụ᷶Ṏ 㛒⽭傥⣈⬴ℐ⮵ㅱ㛔㔯冱ᷳᶱ䧖⓷柴栆✳炻娛夳ᶳ徘ˤ㬌⢾炻⽟⚳⮰⇑ 㱽Ṏ㚱攻㍍Ὕ⭛⇞⹎炻ᶼ攻㍍Ὕ㪲埴䁢Ṣᷳ屔ảᶵẍ䚜㍍Ὕ㪲埴䁢⬀⛐䁢 ⇵㍸炻㭼庫㱽ᶲ枿℟䞼䨞⍫侫₡ῤˤょ䣁㕤䭯ⷭẍ⍲䫮侭ᷳ傥≃炻⛐㬌⮵ 㕤⽟⚳㱽⇞ᶵḰ㶙ℍṳ䳡炻⼭㖍⼴⎎埴㑘㔯䞼䨞ˤ 3635 U.S.C. §271 (a) (“Except as otherwise provided in this title, whoever without authority makes, uses, offers to sell, or sells any patented invention, within the United States or imports into the United States any patented invention during the term of the patent therefor, infringes the patent.”) 37
35 U.S.C. §271 (b) (“Whoever actively induces infringement of a patent shall be liable as an infringer.”).
infringement炸ᷳね㱩炻夷⭂䧵㤝婀䘤⮰⇑Ὕ⭛埴䁢䘤䓇侭炻ㅱ 屈Ὕ㪲屔ả烊(c)枭⇯Ὢ憅⮵庼≑Ὕ⭛炷contributory infringement炸 䘬栆✳炻夷⭂䔞㝸ᶨ䲣䇕䈑䁢⍿⮰⇑ᾅ嬟ᷳ㨇㡘ˣ墥忈䈑ˣ䳸 ⎰䈑ㆾ䳬⎰䈑⃫ᷳẞ炻ㆾ䁢䓐㕤⮎㕥⮰⇑㕡㱽ᷳ㛸㕁ㆾ墅伖炻 ᶼ娚䈑䁢䲣䇕䘤㖶ᷳ慵天ㆸ↮炻侴埴䁢Ṣᷣ奨ᶲ㖶䞍娚䈑Ὢ䁢 䓐㕤Ὕ㪲侴䈡⇍墥忈ㆾ㓡忈炻ᶼ娚䈑᷎朆㲃䓐⑩ㆾ㕤⓮㤕Ṍ㖻 ᶲ℟㚱朆Ὕ㪲䘬⮎岒䓐徼侭炻⌣ṵ⮯娚䈑㕤伶⚳⠫ℏ䁢屑岋ᷳ 天䲬ㆾ屑岋ˣㆾ廠ℍ伶⚳侭炻ㅱ屈庼≑Ὕ㪲ᷳ屔 39 ˤ 38
35 U.S.C. §271 (c) (“Whoever offers to sell or sells within the United States or imports into the United States a component of a patented machine, manufacture, combination or composition, or a material or apparatus for use in practicing a patented process, constituting a material part of the invention, knowing the same to be especially made or especially adapted for use in an infringement of such patent, and not a staple article or commodity of commerce suitable for substantial noninfringing use, shall be liable as a contributory infringer.”). 39 斄㕤伶⚳⮰⇑㱽䘬⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛夷⭂炻⚳ℏ㚱ᶵ⮹㔯䌣婾⍲炻ἳ⤪炻昛 䥱 妻 炷 2014炸炻˨ 伶 ⚳ ⮰ ⇑ 㱽 䚜 ㍍ Ὕ 㪲 冯 ⺽ 婀 Ὕ 㪲 ᷳ 婧 ㆾ 㺼 ⊾ ˩炻˪ ⮰ ⇑ ⷓ˫炻19 㛇炻枩 1-33烊∱⚳孂炷2009炸炻˨伶⚳⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ㪲⮎⊁⮵ㆹ⚳⮰ ⇑㱽ᾖ㬋⮶ℍ攻㍍Ὕ㪲ᷳ┇䣢˩炻˪㓧⣏㘢ㄏ屉䓊姽婾˫炻7 ⌟ 2 㛇炻枩 1-38ˤ 㬌⢾炻⮵㕤伶⚳⮰⇑㱽攻㍍Ὕ㪲夷⭂䘬䯉天ṳ䳡䘬劙㔯㔯䌣婳⍫夳 Janice M. Mueller, PATENT LAW, 440-446; 499-519 (4th ed. 2013); Donald S. Chisum, 5-17 CHISUM ON PATENTS §17.02 (2015), 㛔㔯㕤㬌ᶵ㒔慵墯ṳ 䳡伶⚳㱽⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛⇞⹎䘬㤪天炻ẍᶳ䈡⇍憅⮵㴱⍲墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ↮㑼 ⮎㕥ᷳね㱩炻Ḱẍ㩊妶ˤ
㬌 ⢾ 炻 役 Ἦ 伶 ⚳ 㱽 ᶲ ↢ 䎦 Ḯ ᶵ ⮹ 斄 㕤 㕡 㱽 ㆾ 䲣 䴙 䘤 㖶 ⮰ ⇑炻䓙墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ⎬冒↮㑼ᶨ悐⮎㕥埴䁢ᷳḳἳ炷㬌䧖ḳἳᶨ 凔塓䧙䁢炻ℙ⎴Ὕ⭛炷joint infringement炸ㆾ↮㑼Ὕ⭛炷divided infringement炸40 ˤ 奨 媠 役 Ἦ 㔠 ẞ 伶 ⚳ 倗 恎 ⶉ 徜 ⋨ ᶲ 姜 㱽 昊 炷CAFC炸⇌㰢 41 炻斄㕤㕡㱽䘤㖶⮰⇑炻㱽昊娵䁢⽭枰⛐㚱╖ᶨ 埴䁢Ṣ䌐冒⮎㕥Ḯ䲣䇕⮰⇑ᷳ㚱㬍樇ᷳね㱩ᶳ炻㕡⥳ㆸ䩳⮰ ⇑䚜㍍Ὕ⭛炷⮰⇑㱽䫔 271 㡅(a)枭炸烊劍䲣䇕⮰⇑⮎㕥ᷳᶨ悐 Ὢ⥼䓙ṾṢ↮㑼⮎㕥侭炻⇯⎒㚱䔞㴱⩴Ὕ㪲Ṣ⮵㕤娚ṾṢ嗽㕤 傥㍏⇞ㆾ㊯䣢炷control or direction炸㔜橼㳩䦳ᷳ䉨ン㗪炻⥳枰 屈Ὕ㪲屔ả 42 ˤ
⼴Ἦ炻CAFC 㕤 2012 ⸜憅⮵ Akamai 冯 McKesson ℑ㟰⇌㰢 ㆸ倗ⷕ炷en banc炸⇌㰢 43炻娚⇌㰢娵䁢炻䔞塓⏲⮎㕥Ḯ䲣䇕
40
See Matthew Lowrie, Kevin M. Littman, & Lucas Silva, The Changing
Landscape of Joint, Divided, and Indirect Infringement - The State of the Law and How to Address It, 12 J. HIGH TECH. L. 65, 65 (2011).
41
斄 㕤 伶 ⚳ ⮰ ⇑ 㱽 ᶲ ℙ ⎴ Ὕ ⭛ ᷳ 䘤 ⯽ ẍ ⍲ 斄 忋 ⇌ 㰢 㔜 䎮 炻 ⍫ 夳 Nathaniel Grow, Joint Patent Infringement Following Akamai, 51 Am. Bus. L.J. 71 (2014).
42
BMC Resources, Inc. v. Paymentech, L.P., 498 F.3d 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2007);
Muniauction, Inc.v. Thomson Corp., 532 F.3d 1318 (Fed. Cir. 2008). 43
Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc.; McKesson Technologies, Inc. v. Epic Systems Corp., 692 F.3d 1301 (Fed. Cir. 2012). ⚳ℏ斄㕤㬌ᶨ⇌㰢ᷳ ṳ 䳡 炻 ⍫ 夳 昛 䥱 妻 炷 2014炸炻˨ 婾 伶 ⚳ ⮰ ⇑ 㱽 ⺽ 婀 Ὕ 㪲 ᷳ 䚜 ㍍ Ὕ 㪲 天 ẞ
㕡 㱽 䘤 㖶 ⮰ ⇑ ᷳ ᶨ 悐 㬍 樇 炻 ᷎ 忚 ᶨ 㬍 ⺽ 婀 Ṿ Ṣ ⬴ ㆸ ℞ 检 㬍 樇 㗪炻⌛ἧ㬌㗪㰺㚱ảỽ╖ᶨ埴䁢Ṣ⮎㕥㚱㬍樇炻塓⏲炷⌛⺽ 婀ṾṢ⮎㕥ᷳṢ炸ṵㅱ屈伶⚳⮰⇑㱽䫔 271 㡅(b)枭ᷳὝ㪲屔 ảˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻CAFC 㕤 Akamai 倗ⷕ⇌㰢ᷕ炻娵䁢⌛ἧ㰺㚱䚜㍍ Ὕ⭛䘬⬀⛐炻Ṏ⎗傥ㆸ䩳䫔 271 㡅(b)枭ᷳ䧵㤝⺽婀Ὕ㪲屔ảˤ ⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻⯙墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ↮㑼⮎㕥㕡㱽䘤㖶⮰⇑㗪炻ㅱ㕤ỽ䧖 㡅ẞᶳ㕡⥳ㆸ䩳䚜㍍Ὕ⭛炷⮰⇑㱽䫔 271 㡅(a)枭炸炻娚倗ⷕ⇌ 㰢⇯㛒㖶䡢堐忼℞シ夳ˤ 䃞 侴 炻 CAFC ᷳ ᶲ 徘 倗 ⷕ ⇌ 㰢 䴻 ᶲ 姜 军 伶 ⚳ 倗 恎 㚨 檀 㱽 昊炻⌣怕倗恎㚨檀㱽昊㑌扟䘤⚆ 44 ˤὅ㒂倗恎㚨檀㱽昊ᷳ夳妋炻 䫔 271 㡅(b)枭ᷳ䧵㤝⺽婀Ὕ㪲屔ảᷳㆸ䩳炻ṵẍ䚜㍍Ὕ⭛ᷳ⬀ ⛐䁢⇵㍸ 45ˤ⮵㕤倗恎㚨檀㱽昊ᷳ㬌ᶨ夳妋炻㚱⬠侭↮㜸炻娵
-Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc., 692 F.3d 1301 (Fed. Cir. 2012)ᷳ姽㜸˩炻˪⮰⇑ⷓ˫炻17 㛇炻枩 70-105ˤ
44
Limelight Networks, Inc. v. Akamai Technologies, Inc., 134 S. Ct. 2111
(2014). 斄㕤㬌ᶨ㚨檀㱽昊⇌㰢ᷳ姽慳炻⍫夳 Michael A. Carrier, Limelight
v. Akamai: Limiting Induced Infringement, 2014 Wis. L. Rev. Online 1 (2014); Ben Aiken, Eliminating the Single-Entity Rule in Joint Infringement Cases: Liability for the Last Step, 101 Va. L. Rev. 193, 201-205 (2015); ⚳ℏ姽婾㬌 㚨檀㱽昊⇌㰢ᷳ㔯䌣⇯㚱昛䥱妻炻⎴⇵姣 39ˤ
45
134 S. Ct. 2117. (“inducement liability may arise “if, but only if, [there is] ... direct infringement.””)
䁢䓙㔯佑妋慳ẍ⍲䚠斄⇌㰢⃰ἳ䘬奨溆炻䫔 271 㡅(b)枭䧙ᷳ Ὕ⭛冯⮰⇑㱽䫔 271 㡅(a)枭䧙ᷳὝ⭛炻䓐婆㖊䃞䚠⎴炷⛯䁢 “infringement”炸炻℞シ佑Ṏㅱ䃉Ḵ农炻㓭㚨檀㱽昊㍉⍾⺽婀Ὕ ⭛⽆Ⱄ婒䘬夳妋炻㭳⮏㗗㔯佑妋慳ᷳᶳ⼰冒䃞䘬䳸㝄 46 ˤ ょㅱ㲐シ侭⛐㕤炻㚨檀倗恎㱽昊⇌㰢㖶䡢旸䷖㛔㟰嗽䎮 ᷳ⓷柴炻⍲㕤䫔 271 㡅(b)枭⺽婀Ὕ㪲ᷳね㱩炻侴㛒⍲㕤妶婾 䫔 271 㡅 (a) 枭 䚜 ㍍ Ὕ 㪲 ᷳ ⓷ 柴 47炻 㗗 ẍ CAFC ⃰ ⇵ 㕤 Muniauctionᶨ㟰 48ᷕ⺢䩳ᷳ➢㛔䩳⟜炻Ṏ⌛天ㆸ䩳㕡㱽䘤㖶 ⮰⇑ᷳ䚜㍍Ὕ⭛炻⽭枰㚱╖ᶨ埴䁢Ṣ⮎㕥Ḯ䲣䇕⮰⇑ᷳ㚱㬍 樇炷⊭㊔德忶㍏⇞ㆾ㊯䣢ṾṢᷳㇳ㭝忼ㆸ侭⛐ℏ炸炻⛐㛔㟰倗 恎㚨檀㱽昊⇌㰢᷎ᷕ㛒⍿⇘㩊夾炻℞㖍⼴䘬䘤⯽ṵ㚱⼭⼴临徥 希奨⮇ˤ 娎➢㕤ᶲ徘伶⚳㱽夳妋炻㩊妶㛔㔯⇵徘`姕ᷳᶱ䧖⓷柴 栆✳ˤ㕤栆✳烀ᷳね㱩炻劍䘤䓇⓷柴䘬 A ⃫ẞ䁢娚䘤㖶ᷳ慵天 ㆸ↮炻ᶼ烧ᷣ奨ᶲ㖶䞍娚⃫ẞ A Ὢ䁢䓐㕤Ὕ㪲侴䈡⇍墥忈ㆾ㓡 忈炻ᶼ娚⃫ẞ A ᷎朆㲃䓐⑩ㆾ㕤⓮㤕Ṍ㖻ᶲ℟㚱朆Ὕ㪲䘬⮎岒 䓐徼侭炻⇯℞⎗傥䫎⎰⮰⇑㱽䫔 271 㡅(c)枭侴ㅱ屈庼≑Ὕ⭛ᷳ 46
Michael A. Carrier, supra note 44, at 5-6. 47
134 S. Ct. 2120. 48
⎴⇵姣 42ˤ
屔ˤ㬌⢾炻䔞 X ⮵㕤 Y ᷳ⮎㕥埴䁢嗽㕤⎗㍏⇞ㆾ㊯䣢ᷳね㱩侭炻 怬⎗傥㎜⺽ Muniauction 㟰ᷳ夳妋炻䚜㍍夾䁢 X ⮎㕥⮰⇑ᷳ ℐ悐炻侴㥳ㆸ⮰⇑㱽䫔 271 㡅(a)枭ᷳ䚜㍍Ὕ⭛ˤ℞㫉炻⯙栆✳ 2 䘬ね㱩炻ὅ䄏ᶲ徘倗恎㚨檀㱽昊夳妋炻䓙㕤㫈仢╖ᶨ埴䁢Ṣ ⬴㔜⮎㕥⮰⇑ᷳℐ悐㬍樇炻Ụ᷶䃉㱽⮵ X ㆾ Y 䨞屔ˤ军㕤栆✳ 烂ᷳね㱩炻⇯⎗傥娚䔞㕤⮰⇑㱽䫔 271 㡅(b)枭ᷳ⺽婀Ὕ⭛ˤ炷⍫ 夳ᶳ堐 3炸ˤ 埴䁢栆✳ 埴䁢Ṣ X 埴䁢Ṣ Y ⎗傥ᷳ怑䓐䳸㝄 栆✳ 1 ⮎㕥 A ⬴ 㔜 ⮎ 㕥 A 為B (A ⃫ẞ䁢慵天ㆸ↮ᶼ ⮰䓐㕤Ὕ㪲烊X ᷣ奨 㖶䞍) X 庼≑Ὕ⭛烊(X ⎗㍏⇞㊯䣢 Y ᷳ埴䁢) X䚜㍍Ὕ⭛ 栆✳ 2 ⮎㕥 A ⮎㕥 B X䃉屔ả 栆✳ 3 㛒⮎㕥 A ㆾ B 㔁⒮ɬ⸓≑ Ś炸 ⬴ 㔜 ⮎ 㕥 A 為B X⺽婀Ὕ⭛ 堐㟤 3 炷ἄ侭墥堐炸
‛ҷ㝴㢻
㖍㛔䘬⮰⇑㱽斄㕤攻㍍Ὕ⭛炻Ὢ夷⭂㕤℞䈡姙㱽 49 䫔 101 49 㖍㛔䈡姙㱽ᷳ夷䭬⮵尉䚠䔞㕤ㆹ⚳ᷳ䘤㖶⮰⇑㪲䘬䈡姙㪲炻军㕤䚠䔞㕤ㆹ ⚳㕘✳⮰⇑㪲ᷳ⮎䓐㕘㟰㪲⇯夷⭂㕤⮎䓐㕘㟰㱽烊䚠䔞㕤ㆹ⚳姕妰⮰⇑㪲㡅炻ẍ㒔⇞Ὕ⭛ᷳ㕡⺷炻憅⮵䈑ᷳ䘤㖶冯㕡㱽䘤㖶炻⎬冒夷䭬 Ḯᶱ䧖ᶵ⎴栆✳䘬攻㍍Ὕ⭛炻ẍᶳ⯙⮰䓐⑩✳攻㍍Ὕ⭛ẍ⍲⣂ ≇傥✳攻㍍Ὕ⭛䘬夷䭬ℏ⭡炻≈ẍ䯉天婒㖶 50 ˤ 䫔ᶨˣ⮰䓐⑩✳攻㍍Ὕ⭛炷䈡姙㱽䫔 101 㡅䫔 1 㫦ˣ䫔 4 㫦夷⭂炸炻⯙⮰䓐㕤䓇䓊娚䈑ᷳ䈑炷ㆾ⮰䓐㕤⮎㕥娚㕡㱽ᷳ䈑炸炻 䁢䓇䓊ˣ嬻冯ˣ↢䦇ˣ廠ℍˣㆾ䁢嬻冯ㆾ↢䦇ᷳ天䲬炻᷎ẍ㬌 䁢㤕侭炻夾䁢Ὕ⭛⮰⇑㪲ˤ㬌䧖栆✳㖑⛐ 1959 ⸜䈡姙㱽ᾖ㬋㗪 ⌛⮶ℍˤょ⚈悐↮⮎⊁⇌㰢⮵㕤ˬ⮰䓐⑩˭ᷳ妋慳庫䁢♜㟤炻 ⮶农ᾅ嬟䭬⚵⎗傥⣙ᷳ忶䊡䘬㈡姽炻忪㕤 2002 ⸜ᾖ㬋䈡姙㱽㗪 ⮶ℍᶳ↿䫔Ḵ䧖栆✳ 51ˤ 䫔Ḵˣ⣂≇傥✳攻㍍Ὕ⭛炷⍰䧙䁢朆⮰䓐✳攻㍍Ὕ⭛ˣᷣ ᷳシ⋈㪲⇯夷⭂㕤シ⋈㱽ᷳᷕˤ揹㕤⮰⇑㱽橼䲣ᶲ䘬ⶖ䔘炻䁢㶟㵮炻ẍ ᶳ埴㔯⯙㖍㛔䈡姙㱽⌛䚜㍍ẍˬ䈡姙㱽˭䧙ᷳ炻侴ᶵ侣嬗䁢⚳Ṣ庫䁢䅇〱 ᷳ⮰⇑㱽炻⎰⃰㔀㖶ˤ 50 ℞ᷕ炻䈡姙㱽䫔 101 㡅䫔 2 㫦ˣ䫔 5 㫦Ὢ⮯㒔⇞Ὕ⭛䘬䭬⚵ ℵ ≈ẍ 㒜 ⻝炻 ⍲㕤䁢嬻冯ˣ↢䦇ˣ廠↢娚䈑ᷳ䚖䘬侴㊩㚱ᷳ埴䁢ˤ炷㕤䈑ᷳ䘤㖶䘬ね㱩炻 䁢嬻冯ˣ↢䦇ˣ廠↢娚䈑ᷳ䚖䘬侴㊩㚱娚䈑侭炻夾䁢Ὕ⭛⮰⇑㪲烊军㕤䓇 䓊䈑ᷳ㕡㱽⮰⇑䘬ね㱩炻⯙ὅ娚㕡㱽䓇䓊ᷳ䈑炻䁢嬻冯ˣ↢䦇ˣ廠↢ᷳ 䚖䘬侴㊩㚱娚䈑侭炻Ṏ夾䁢Ὕ⭛⮰⇑㪲ˤ炸㬌䧖栆✳⛐㴱⍲嶐⚳⮎㕥✳䘬 ね 㱩 䚠 䔞 慵 天 炻 ょ 冯 㛔 㔯 倂 䃎 ᷳ ⚳ ℏ ⮎ 㕥 ✳ 墯 㔠 Ṣ ↮ 㑼 ⮎ 㕥 ᷳ 斄 忋 庫 Ỷ炻㓭⛐㬌Ḱẍ䚩䔍ᶵḰ妶婾ˤ 51 䚠斄ᾖ㱽側㘗冯忶䦳炻⍫夳㷉形炷2011炸炻˨䫔 101 㡅˩炻ᷕⰙᾉ⻀ˣ⮷ 㱱䚜㧡䶐炻˪㕘ί㲐妋䈡姙㱽炷ᶳ炸˫炻枩 1473-1474炻㜙Ṕ烉曺㜿㚠昊ˤ
奨攻㍍Ὕ⭛炻夷⭂㕤䈡姙㱽䫔 101 㡅䫔 2 㫦ˣ䫔 5 㫦炸炻䓐ẍ 䓇䓊娚䈑ᷳ䈑炷ㆾ䓐㕤⮎㕥娚㕡㱽ᷳ䈑炸炻ᶼ䁢啱娚䘤㖶妋㰢 婚柴㗪ᶵ⎗ㆾ仢侭炻炷昌㕤㖍㛔⚳ℏ⺋䁢ᶨ凔㳩忂侭⢾炸炻劍 埴 䁢 Ṣ 㖶 䞍 娚 䘤 㖶 Ὢ Ⱄ 䘤 㖶 ⮰ ⇑ 炻 ᶼ 娚 䈑 Ὢ 䓐 㕤 ⮎ 㕥 娚 䘤 㖶 侭炻⌣ṵ䁢娚䈑ᷳ䓇䓊ˣ嬻冯ˣ↢䦇ˣ廠ℍˣㆾ䁢嬻冯ㆾ↢䦇 ᷳ天䲬炻᷎ẍ㬌䁢㤕侭炻夾䁢Ὕ⭛⮰⇑㪲ˤ㬌䧖栆✳⮶ℍḮ埴 䁢Ṣ䘬ᷣ奨天ẞ炻Ữ劍Ⱄ妋㰢婚柴㗪ᶵ⎗ㆾ仢侭炻⌛ἧ䁢朆 ⮰䓐⑩炻℞䓇䓊ㆾ嬻冯埴䁢Ṏ⎗傥娚䔞㕤攻㍍Ὕ⭛ˤ 斄㕤䚜㍍Ὕ⭛冯攻㍍Ὕ⭛ᷳ斄Ὢ炻⌛㗗⏎ẍ䚜㍍Ὕ⭛侭ᷳ ⬀ ⛐ 䁢 ⇵ ㍸ 䘬 ⓷ 柴 炻 ⬠ 婒 ᶲ Ṏ 㚱 ⽆ Ⱄ 婒 冯 䌐 䩳 婒 䘬 ℑ 婒 ↮ 䩳 52炻ょ䚖⇵⣏悐↮䘬⬠婒⛯⎹㕤㍉⍾㉀堟夳妋炻Ṏ⌛⮯婾 䎮忚ᶨ㬍䳘䶣⊾炻ὅ㒂ᶵ⎴䘬ᾳ㟰栆✳ ᶵ⎴嗽䎮 53ˤἳ⤪炻 䔞䚜㍍埴䁢ṢὪⰔᾳṢㆾ⭞⹕䘬朆⓮㤕ἧ䓐ᷳね㱩炻ᶵㆸ䩳⮰ ⇑䚜㍍Ὕ⭛炷⚈ᶵ䫎⎰䈡姙㱽 68 㡅⮎㕥ᷳ天ẞ炸ˤỮ⌛ἧ㍉⍾ ⽆Ⱄ婒夳妋侭炻Ṏ⣂⋲娵䁢㕤㬌䧖栆✳ᶳ炻ㅱ娚ἳ⢾㈧娵攻㍍ 52 ㍉⽆Ⱄ婒侭炻ἳ⤪㜦㛔慵㓷炷2000炸炻˪䈡姙䘢㖶̯ᾅ嬟䭬⚚˫炻㕘䇰炻枩 253炻㜙Ṕ烉㚱㔸敋ˣ檀㜿漵炷2014炸炻˪㧁㸾䈡姙㱽˫炻5 䇰炻枩 172-175炻 㜙Ṕ烉㚱㔸敋烊㍉䌐䩳婒侭炻ἳ⤪⎱喌⸠㚼炷䄲察ᶨ墄妪炸炷2001炸炻˪䈡 姙㱽㤪婔˫炻13 䇰炻枩 461炻㜙Ṕ烉㚱㔸敋ˣ㶳察忼䲨炷2006炸炻˪䞍䘬屉 䓋㱽嫃佑˨1˩䈡姙㱽ί⭇䓐㕘㟰㱽ί䧖剿㱽˫2 䇰炻枩 190炻㜙Ṕ烉㚱㔸 敋䫱ˤ 53 䚠斄夳妋ᷳ㔜䎮炻⍫夳㷉形炻⎴⇵姣 51炻枩 1476-1480ˤ
Ὕ⭛ᷳㆸ䩳炻℞䎮䓙⛐㕤烉㕤娎槿䞼䨞屔ˣㆾ䚜㍍埴䁢⛘ỵ 㕤⚳⢾䫱ね⼊炻Ὢ➢㕤ᶨ⭂䘬㬋䔞⊾䎮䓙侴䧵㤝旸⇞⮰⇑㪲䘬 㓰≃烊䚠⮵㕤㬌炻朆⓮㤕ἧ䓐ᷳね㱩ᷳẍ㌺昌㕤⮰⇑⮎㕥埴 䁢 䘬 䭬 䔯 ⢾ 炻 䲼 䱡 Ὢ ⚈ 娚 䫱 埴 䁢 ⮵ 㕤 䓊 㤕 䘬 䚜 ㍍ ⼙ 枧 枿 䁢 ⽖ ⮷炻⚈侴㴰㤝⛘旸⇞⮰⇑㪲㓰≃炻㓭劍德忶⮵ᶨ凔㴰屣侭⣏慷 屑ⓖ攻㍍Ὕ㪲䈑⑩炻⽆侴婀䘤⣏慷䘬䚜㍍Ὕ⭛埴䁢㗪炻⽆⮰⇑ 㪲Ṣᾅ嬟ᷳ奨溆炻⌛㚱㈤㬊㬌栆攻㍍⮎㕥Ṣᷳ⽭天⿏ 54 ˤ㕤⇌ 㰢⮎⊁ᶲ炻Ṏ㚱ᶵ⮹⇌㰢憅⮵䚜㍍埴䁢ṢὪ䁢ᾳṢㆾ⭞⹕ℏ⮎ 㕥ᷳね㱩炻㛒䴻妶婾㗗⏎㚱䚜㍍Ὕ⭛ᷳ⬀⛐⌛徽Ḱ娵⭂攻㍍Ὕ ⭛屔ả 55 ˤ㖍㛔㱽ᶲ㬌䧖⻰⿏䘬妋慳㕡⺷炻ㆾ⎗ὃἄㆹ⚳⍫侫56 ˤ 劍↮㜸㖍㛔㱽ᶳ炻㴱⍲墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ↮㑼⮎㕥⮰⇑䘬屔ả㬠 Ⱄ炻⛐㛔㔯⇵徘⓷柴栆✳ 1 ᷳね㱩炻椾⃰炻劍 X ⮎㕥ᷳ A ⃫ ẞ䁢⮰䓐⑩炻ㆾ晾朆⮰䓐⑩炻⌣䁢啱娚䘤㖶妋㰢婚柴㗪ᶵ⎗ㆾ 54 ⍫夳䓘㛹┬ᷳ炷2010炸炻˪䞍䘬屉䓋㱽˫炻5 䇰炻枩 260炻㜙Ṕ烉㚱㔸敋ˤ 55 ἳ⤪炻㜙Ṕ⛘⇌㗕 56ί2ί25 䃉ỻ普 13 ⶣ 1 ⎟ 139 枩烪ᶨ䛤ΤṌ㎃Τ ΫͲḳẞ烬ˣ㜙Ṕ⛘⇌⸛ 6ί7ί29 ⇌㗪 1513 ⎟ 155 枩烪㶟㯜䱦䰛㕡㱽ḳ ẞ烬䫱ˤ 56 ょㅱ㲐シ侭⛐㕤炻㬌䧖㱽⼳怑䓐ᷳ⇵㍸⛐㕤炻㖍㛔䈡姙㱽㖶㔯姕㚱攻㍍Ὕ ⭛䘬㒔⇞Ὕ⭛夷⭂炻㓭㖍㛔㱽昊⼿䚜㍍怑䓐䈡姙㱽䫔 101 㡅⎬㫦ᷳ 夷⭂ 炻 侴㛒婾⍲䚜㍍Ὕ⭛ᷳ⬀⏎ˤ䃞侴炻ㆹ⚳⮰⇑㱽㖊䃉攻㍍Ὕ⭛䘬夷⭂炻⇯怑 䓐㕤㮹㱽ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢㗪炻㗗⏎⎗䎮䔞䃞Ή㓰㖍㛔㱽昊 䚠⎴忳䓐炻ṵ ᶵ䃉䔹佑ˤ
仢侭(朆⮰䓐⑩ᷳね㱩枰忚ᶨ㬍㩊妶埴䁢Ṣᷣ奨天ẞ⓷柴)炻⇯ ⎗傥娚䔞㕤䈡姙㱽 101 㡅㒔⇞Ὕ㪲ᷳ夷⭂ˤ⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻䔞 X 冯 Yᷳ攻㚱ᶨ⭂䘬斄Ὢ炷ἳ⤪ Y 䁢 X ᷳᶳ㷠㈧⊭⓮炻⬴ℐὅ䄏 X 䘬㊯䣢忚埴≈ⶍ炸炻⎗ẍ⮯ Y 夾䁢 X 䘬ㇳ嵛ᷳ⺞Ỡ侭炻⯂⎗傥 ὅ䄏媪䘬忻℟䎮婾ㆾㇳ嵛婾炻⛐㱽⼳姽₡ᶲ䚜㍍⮯ Y 䘬埴䁢 夾䁢 X ᷳ埴䁢 57 ˤ⮎⊁ᶲ㚱⇌㰢⌛➢㕤忻℟䎮婾炻⮵㕤塓⏲㤕 ⮎㕥⮰⇑ᷳ⣏⣂㔠㈨埻䈡⽝炻⯙㚨⼴ᶨ㬍樇䔁⼭岤ℍ⓮⑩ ᷳ㴰屣侭冒埴⮎㕥ᷳᾳ㟰炻娵䁢㕤娚㟰ᷕ炻塓⏲晾㛒奒冒⮎㕥 㚨⼴ᶨ㬍樇炻Ữ⎗䔞䃞枸㛇㴰屣侭岤ℍ⼴⮯冒埴⮎㕥∑检㬍 樇炻Ὢ⮯㴰屣侭䔞ἄ⮎㕥㚨⼴ᶨ㬍樇ᷳ忻℟ㇳ㭝炻⎗夾⎴䁢塓 ⏲奒冒⮎㕥炻⚈㬌⮯塓⏲ᷳ埴䁢姽₡䁢⮰⇑㪲Ὕ⭛ 58 ˤ 57 ⍫夳㚵悐婈炷2010炸炻˨㓗惵䭉䎮✳̯䈡姙Ὕ⭛̧̬̥̅˩炻䇯Ⱉ劙Ḵ⃰䓇 怬㙎姀⾝ 婾㔯 普˪䞍 䘬屉䓋 㱽̯㕘̘ ̅㳩 ͍˫炻枩 470-471炻㜙Ṕ烉曺 㜿 㚠昊ˣ檀悐䛇夷⫸炷2014炸炻˨墯㔘ᷣỻ̯敊ᶶ̩䈡姙㧑Ὕ⭛˩炻䈏慶⇑䥳 䫱䶐˪䞍䘬屉䓋姜姇⭇⊁⣏䲣炷I炸˫炻枩 414-415炻㜙Ṕ烉曺㜿㚠昊ˤỮṎ 㚱婾侭㊩庫䁢ヶ慵䘬夳妋炻娵䁢忻℟䎮婾䘬天ẞ㫈仢㖶䡢⿏炻℟橼侴妨ỽ 䧖ね㱩ᶳ⎗怑䓐忻℟䎮婾炻枰㕤ᾳ㟰ᷕ侫慷媠⣂⚈䳈℟橼⇌㕟炻⡆㶣℞ᶵ 䡢⭂⿏炻⚈㬌ᷣ⻝⮎⊁ᶲ忳䓐忻℟䎮婾ㆸ䩳䚜㍍Ὕ⭛屔ảㅱヶ慵埴ḳˤἳ ⤪㜦䓘ὲ㱣炷2009炸炻˨墯㔘ᷣỻ̍敊ᶶ͌̚䈑̯䘢㖶̧̬̥̅䈡姙㧑̯Ὕ ⭛͓偗⭂̘̠ḳἳ˩炻˪Ή;Ϋ˫炻62 ⎟炻枩 58-69ˣ㜦⯦⫸炷2002炸炻 ˨㕡㱽䈡姙̯ⶍ䦳̯ᶨ悐̍塓⏲ẍ⢾̯侭̬͉͋埴͍̠͐⟜⎰̬ˣ忻℟䎮 婾̬͉͋ˣ䈡姙㧑Ὕ⭛͓娵̠͂ḳἳ(㜙Ṕ⛘⇌⸛ㆸ 3.9.20) ˩炻˪⇌ἳ㗪⟙˫炻 1782⎟ 197 枩ˤ 58 㜙Ṕ⛘⇌⸛ 13࣭9࣭20 ⇌㗪 1764 ⎟ 112 枩˳㟁╔⏬ീࡢᙧᡂ᪉ἲ ௳ ˴ˤ
℞㫉炻⓷柴栆✳ 2 ᷳね㱩炻⍇⇯ᶲᶵ㥳ㆸ⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ˤỮ䔞 X 冯 Y ᷳ攻炻ᷣ奨ᶲ㚱⇑䓐ṾṢ埴䁢ẍℙ⎴⮎㕥⮰⇑ᷳℐ悐䘬 シ ⿅ 倗 䴉 ⬀ ⛐ 炻 侴 ⛐ ⭊ 奨 ᶲ ⎬ 冒 ↮ 㑼 ⮎ 㕥 埴 䁢 ᷳ ᶨ 悐 ᷳ ね 㱩 ᶳ炻㚱婾侭娵䁢㬌㗪㚱⎗傥⮯ X 冯 Y ᷳ埴䁢夾䁢ᶨᾳ㔜橼炻侴 ℙ⎴ㆸ䩳⮰⇑Ὕ⭛ 59 ˤỮ天㯪ᾳṢ䁢ṾṢᷳ埴䁢农ᷳ䳸㝄屈 屔炻䔊䪇Ⱄ㕤ἳ⢾ね㱩炻㓭㬌㗪 X 冯 Y ℑ侭⛐ᷣ奨ᶲ⛯枰⮵㕤 ⮰⇑⮎㕥埴䁢ᷳ㔜橼㥳忈ㆾℑ侭䚠䳸⎰ᷳἄ䓐㚱娵嬀炻ㇵ⎗ 傥㥳ㆸὝ㪲埴䁢 60 ˤ 㚨⼴炻斄㕤⓷柴栆✳ 3炻䓙㕤㖍㛔䈡姙㱽᷎䃉⁷伶⚳⮰⇑ 59 檀悐䛇夷⫸炻⎴⇵姣 57炻枩 416ˣ㯜察䚜㧡炷2013炸炻˨ 墯㔘侭̍䈡姙Ὕ⭛ ̬ḳ⭇ᶲ敊ᶶ̧̘̅͌⟜⎰̯Ὕ⭛ᷣỻ̯娵⭂˩炻ᷕⰙᾉ⻀ˣ㔱喌⌂ˣ梗 㛹㓷㖶䶐˪䈏慶⇑䥳⃰䓇⁀⮧姀⾝婾㔯普烉䞍䘬屉䓋㧑㱽䎮̩㍸妨˫炻枩 119-122ˤ斄㕤婾⍲ℙ⎴䚜㍍Ὕ⭛⮰⇑㪲ᷳ㟰ἳ炻⍫夳⣏ 旒⛘ ⇌ 㗕 36ί5ί 4ᶳ㮹普 12 ⶣ 5 ⎟ 937 枩˳⣂⫼⿏ㆸ⼊ỻḳẞ˴ˤょ娚⇌㰢㕤℟橼怑䓐ᾳ 㟰ḳ⮎㗪炻娵䁢娚㟰ᷕ暋ẍ嫱㖶⎬埴䁢Ṣ攻㚱䚠Ḻ䘬シ⿅倗䴉ˣᶼℙ⎴⮎ 㕥娚⮰⇑ᷳḳ⮎⬀⛐炻侴⏎娵Ḯℙ⎴䚜㍍Ὕ⭛䘬ㆸ䩳ˤ 60 檀悐䛇夷⫸炻⎴⇵姣 57炻枩 416ˤ㬌⢾炻斄㕤⤪ỽ娵⭂ᷣ奨天ẞ⬀⛐炻㚱 婾侭娵䁢炻劍墯㔠⮎㕥侭攻℟㚱㊩临Ṍ㖻斄Ὢ⬀⛐炻⇯⼤㬌攻⮵㕤ṾṢ䘬 埴䁢ℏ⭡ㅱ㚱娵嬀炻ᶼ㚱⇑䓐ṾṢ䘬埴䁢ẍℙ⎴⮎㕥⮰⇑ᷳシ⿅⬀⛐炻⎗ 㺧嵛ᷣ奨天ẞ烊军㕤劍墯㔠⮎㕥侭攻᷎䃉㊩临Ṍ㖻斄Ὢ⬀⛐炻ἳ⤪㕤䵚嶗 ᶲ䴻䓙墯㔠䵚䪁„䃞䓊䓇忋䶂斄Ὢ䘬ᶵ䈡⭂⣂㔠㴰屣侭炻⇯娚䫱ᶵ䈡⭂⣂ 㔠Ṣ攻炻⣂㔠ね㱩ᶳㅱ㫈仢ℙ⎴⮎㕥⮰⇑䘬シ⿅炷Ữ㬌㗪⮵㕤娚䲣䴙㔜橼 ⯭㕤䭉䎮ㆾ㍏⇞⛘ỵ侭炻ṵ⎗傥⚈℞䭉䎮㍏⇞斄Ὢ炻侴塓娵⭂╖䌐㥳ㆸ䚜 ㍍Ὕ⭛⮰⇑㪲ˤ炸ˤ⍫夳㯜察䚜㧡炻⎴⇵姣 59炻枩 122ˤ
㱽䫔 271 㡅(b)枭ᷳ⺽婀Ὕ⭛䘬䈡⇍夷⭂炻侴Ὢ⮯悐↮䘬⸓≑埴 䁢℟橼夷䭬㕤䈡姙㱽䫔 101 㡅ᷕ炻㓭ㅱ夾ᾳ㟰ね㱩㩊妶㚱䃉䈡 姙㱽䫔 101 㡅⎬㫦ᷳ怑䓐ˤ军㕤ᶵ娚䔞㕤䈡姙㱽䫔 101 㡅⎬㫦 侭炻⎗傥枰⚆㬠㖍㛔㮹㱽䫔 719 㡅ℙ⎴ᶵ㱽埴䁢(栆Ụㆹ⚳㮹㱽 䫔 185 㡅ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢ᷳ夷⭂)嗽䎮ˤ㬌⢾ῤ⼿ᶨ㍸侭炻⛐⎴Ⱄ 㘢ㄏ屉䓊㪲柀➇䘬叿ἄ㪲㱽ᶲ炻憅⮵ X 晾㛒奒冒⮎㕥炻Ữ Y Ὢ 嗽㕤 X ᷳ䭉䎮ˣ㍏⇞ᷳᶳ炻⽆侴⛐㱽⼳ᶲ⎗⮯ Y 夾⎴䁢 X 䘬ㇳ 嵛ᷳ⺞Ỡ侭炻㖍㛔⮎⊁ᶲ㚱ᶵ⮹忳䓐忻℟䎮婾ㆾㇳ嵛婾炻ἧ X 屈䚜㍍Ὕ⭛屔ảᷳ㟰ἳ 61 ˤょ䚠⮵㕤叿ἄ㪲㱽柀➇炻㬌ᶨ婾䎮 ⛐⮰⇑㱽柀➇䘬妶婾Ụṵῷ⮹炻㚱⼭㛒Ἦ䳗䧵㚜⣂⮎⊁冯⬠婒 夳妋ˤ炷斄㕤㖍㛔㱽怑䓐㕤㛔㔯`姕ᷳᶱ䧖栆✳䘬㔜䎮炻⍫夳 ᶳ堐 4炸ˤ 埴䁢栆✳ 埴䁢Ṣ X 埴䁢Ṣ Y ⎗傥ᷳ怑䓐䳸㝄 栆✳ 1 ⮎㕥 A ⬴㔜⮎㕥 A 為B (A⃫ẞ䁢⮰䓐⑩烊 ㆾ䁢妋㰢婚柴㗪ᶵ⎗ㆾ仢 侭為X ᷣ奨㖶䞍) X 㒔⇞Ὕ 61 ἳ⤪炻⽆㖑㛇䘬⇌ἳˬͧΡΎͥΛͻͼ͚͜ḳẞ˭炷㚨ᶱ⮷⇌㗕 63 ⸜ 3 㚰 15 㖍㮹普䫔 42 ⶣ 3 ⎟ 199 枩炸⺢䩳崟࢝ࣛ࢜ࢣἲ⌮攳⥳炻军㚨役⸦⸜ 叿⎵䘬ˬࣟࢡࣛࢡ II ௳˭炷 㚨⇌⸛ㆸ 23 ⸜ 1 㚰 20 㖍㮹普 65 ⶣ 1 ⎟ 399 枩炸ˣࠕࡲࡡࡁ TV ௳ࠖ㸦㚨⇌⸛ㆸ 23 ⸜ 1 㚰 18 㖍㮹普 65 ⶣ 1 ⎟ 121 枩炸 ⛯Ⱄ℞ἳˤ
⭛烊(Y 䁢 X ㇳ嵛ᷳ⺞Ỡ) X 䚜㍍Ὕ⭛ 栆✳ 2 ⮎㕥 A ⮎㕥 B ⍇⇯ᶲ X 冯 Y ⛯䃉屔ả烊 (X冯 Y 㚱ᷣ奨シ⿅倗䴉為 ⭊奨埴䁢↮㑼) X 冯 Y ℙ ⎴Ὕ⭛ 栆✳ 3 㛒⮎㕥 A ㆾ B(㔁⒮ɬ⸓ ≑ Ś) ⬴㔜⮎㕥 A 為B (夾ᾳ㟰ね㱩㩊妶㚱䃉䈡 姙㱽 101 㡅⎬㫦ᷳ怑䓐) X 㒔⇞Ὕ⭛烊 (Y䁢 X ㇳ嵛ᷳ⺞Ỡ) X 䚜 ㍍Ὕ⭛ 堐㟤 4炷ἄ侭墥堐炸
刕ҷ仟尭
斄㕤⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛炻ㆹ⚳⮰⇑⮰屔㨇斄䴻㾇悐㘢ㄏ屉䓊⯨ 㚦㕤 2008 ⸜军 2009 ⸜攻映临⎔攳媖娊㚫嬘ˣ冱彎⚳晃䞼妶㚫 䫱炻䞼㒔⍫侫⢾⚳㱽⇞㕤⮰⇑㱽妪⭂攻㍍Ὕ⭛夷⭂ᷳ⎗埴⿏炻 ᷎▿娎㍸↢Ḯᾖ㬋勱㟰㡅㔯炻ょ▋⼴⚈侫慷⇘䔞㗪㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽 昊∃ㆸ䩳炻ẍ⍲ㆹ⚳䓊㤕䳸㥳䎦㱩ᶳ⮶ℍ攻㍍Ὕ⭛⇞⹎⎗傥ⷞ Ἦᷳ⼙枧䓂懭炻㓭㚨⼴㰢⭂ᶵ䲵ℍ䔞㗪䘬ᾖ㬋勱㟰炻䔁⼭㖍⼴ℵḰ㩊妶 62 ˤ 㕤ㆹ⚳⮰⇑㱽㫈仢攻㍍Ὕ⭛䘬㖶㔯夷⭂䘬䎦㱩ᶳ炻忂婒娵 䁢㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢ᷳㆸ䩳枰ẍ䚜㍍Ὕ㪲埴䁢⬀⛐䁢 ⇵㍸炻ᶼ⛐㔁⒮ㆾ⸓≑ᷳね㱩ᶳ炻埴䁢Ṣ⽭枰㚱㓭シ炻⚈㬌㕤 ᾳ㟰ᷕ⮰⇑㪲Ṣ㫚ᷣ⻝᷎嫱㖶㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢⬀⛐ ᷳ⚘暋⹎䓂檀ˤ䁢㷃庽⮰⇑㪲Ṣ冱嫱屔ảᷳ⚘暋炻⮎⊁ᶲ晾㚱 㱽昊⇌㰢夳妋娵䁢⎒天䓙ⶪ⟜䉨㱩䫱攻㍍ḳ嫱嵛ẍ⇌㕟ㅱ㚱䚜 ㍍Ὕ㪲埴䁢Ṣ⬀⛐⌛⎗炻⍇⏲䃉枰冱嫱嫱㖶℟橼䘬䚜㍍Ὕ㪲埴 䁢Ṣ⬀⛐烊᷎ᶼ娵䁢㔁⒮ㆾ⸓≑䘬ᷣ奨天ẞᶵẍ㓭シ䁢⽭天炻 ẍ⍇塓⏲䔞ḳṢ⛐ⶪ⟜ᶲ䘬䪞䇕斄Ὢẍ⍲䆇㤕夷㧉㍐㕟㚱㛒䚉 㲐シ佑⊁ᷳ忶⣙侭⌛⎗㺧嵛㔁⒮ㆾ⸓≑䘬ᷣ奨天ẞ炻Ữ㬌䧖夳 妋䨞Ⱄ⮹㔠炻ᶼ㛒⽭怑䓐㕤㚱ḳἳˤ ℵ侭炻⌛ἧ⮰⇑㪲Ṣ䡢⮎嫱㖶㚱⬴㔜⮎㕥䲣䇕⮰⇑㚱㈨ 埻䈡⽝䘬䚜㍍Ὕ㪲埴䁢Ṣᷳ⬀⛐炻䓙㛔㔯⇵徘㩊妶⎗䞍炻䎦埴 ⮎⊁ᶲ忳䓐㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅䫔 2 枭嗽䎮墯㔠Ṣ㴱⍲⮰⇑⮎㕥埴䁢 朊冐ᷳ㚨⣏⓷柴溆⛐㕤炻䔞䚜㍍Ὕ㪲埴䁢Ṣ Y 㫈仢㓭シㆾ忶 62 斄㕤㘢ㄏ屉䓊⯨⯙⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ㪲夷⭂ᷳ㓧䫾⼊ㆸ忶䦳炻ẍ⍲㚨⼴姽Ộᶵ䲵 ℍ ᾖ 㬋 勱 㟰 䘬 䴻 忶 炻 ⍫ 夳 ⏛ 㫋 䍚 炷 2009 炸炻˨ ⮰ ⇑ 攻 ㍍ Ὕ 㪲 炷 indirect infringement炸 夷 ⭂ ᷳ ⇅ ㍊—ℤ 婾 ㆹ⚳ ⮰ ⇑ 㱽 ᾖ 㬋 勱 㟰ᷳ ℏ ⭡ ˩炻˪ 㘢ㄏ 屉 䓊㪲㚰↲˫炻130 㛇炻枩 40-69ˤ
⣙炻ㆾ㚱℞Ṿ⮰⇑㱽ᶲ夷⭂䁢⮰⇑㪲㓰≃ᶵ⍲ᷳἳ⢾ね㱩炻 ⮶ 农 䚜 ㍍ Ὕ 㪲 屔 ả ᶵ ㆸ 䩳 㗪 炻 ⌛ 暋 ẍ ⮵ ⮎ 㕥 ㈨ 埻 䈡 ⽝ ᷳ ᶨ 悐炻ㆾẍ㔁⒮ㆾ⸓≑䘬㕡⺷⍫冯⮰⇑Ὕ㪲埴䁢䘬 X 徥姜Ὕ㪲屔 ảˤ㗗ẍ炻⛐ㆹ⚳䎦埴㱽⮎⊁夳妋ᶳ炻㼃⛐Ὕ㪲埴䁢Ṣ⎗庽㖻 德 忶 ⮯ ᶨ 悐 ↮ ⮎ 㕥 埴 䁢 廱 ⊭ Ḱ Ṿ Ṣ 䘬 㕡 ⺷ 炻 夷 性 ⮰ ⇑ Ὕ 㪲 屔 ảˤ㫚忳䓐㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲屔ả夷䭬㬌䧖埴䁢炻⮎㚱℞ ⚘暋冯Ὗ旸ˤ ⍵奨㛔㔯㭼庫㩊妶ᷳ伶⚳冯㖍㛔㱽炻⛯㕤⮰⇑㱽ℏ㖶㔯 夷⭂攻㍍Ὕ㪲䘬埴䁢ン㧋冯夷⭂炻ᶨ㕡朊ẍ㒔⇞Ὕ⭛䘬㕡㱽㷃 庽⮰⇑㪲Ṣᷳ冱嫱屔ả炻⎎㕡朊Ṏ⡆≈㱽㖶䡢⿏冯⎗枸㷔⿏炻 ⮵㕤⮰⇑㪲Ṣ䘬ᾅ嬟Ụ庫䁢␐ℐˤ⃀䭉⤪㬌炻㕤㛔㔯`姕ᷳ ᶱ䧖⓷柴栆✳ᷕ炻⯌℞㗗栆✳ 2炻Ṏ⌛㫈仢╖ᶨ埴䁢ᷣ橼⮎㕥 ⮰⇑ᷳℐ悐炻侴Ὢ䓙墯㔠Ṣ⎬冒↮㑼ᶨ悐↮⮎㕥埴䁢ᷳね㱩炻 ⌛ἧ⛐䚖⇵䘬伶⚳ㆾ㖍㛔⮰⇑㱽⇞ᶳ炻Ṏ㛒⽭傥⣈⃭↮⮵ㅱ炻 侴㚱檀⹎䇕嬘⿏炻㕤ㆹ⚳冒䃞Ṏ㚱临䁢㩊妶ᷳ⽭天ˤ 廱䛤攻炻嶅暊ᶲ㫉⮰⇑⮰屔㨇斄嬘婾⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛ᾖ㱽ḳ ⭄炻㤕䚠昼 6 ⸜⣂䘬㬚㚰炻ῤ㬌⚳晃ᶲ⮵㕤㴱⍲墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ ᷳ⮰⇑⮎㕥Ὕ⭛⓷柴ᷳ嬘婾㬋嗽䅙䴉ᷳ晃炻䫮侭娵䁢炻⮎㚱⽭ 天ℵ㫉忂䚌㩊妶ㆹ⚳⮰⇑Ὕ⭛屔ảᷳ㔜橼夷䭬㝞㥳ˤ⯌℞䔞䇕
嬘㴱⍲墯㔠埴䁢Ṣ㗪炻ㅱ⤪ỽ娵⭂屔ảᷳㆸ䩳烎℞ᷣˣ⭊奨天 ẞ䁢ỽ烎ℵ侭炻⮰⇑Ὕ⭛劍㝄ㆸ䩳炻⮰⇑㪲Ṣ⎗⼿⇘ỽ䧖㓹㾇 ㇳ㭝炻ṎⰔ妶婾攻㍍Ὕ⭛屔ả㗪炻枰ᶨἝ⿅侫妋㰢䘬慵天⓷柴ˤ ἳ⤪炻劍ὅ⽒㮹㱽ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢夷⭂炻⇯⎗傥䃉㱽婳㯪㌺昌ㆾ 旚㬊Ὕ⭛炻Ữ劍Ὢ㒔⇞䁢⮰⇑Ὕ⭛炻⇯忂ⷠ⎗ẍὅ⮰⇑㱽夷⭂ 婳㯪㌺昌ㆾ旚㬊Ὕ⭛ˤ㬌⢾炻⯙㎵⭛岈屔ảㅱ⤪ỽ↮㑼䘬妶 婾炻⯂ㅱ侫ㄖ⇘ㅱ性慵墯岈䘬⓷柴 63 ˤ ᶲ 徘 䚠 斄 ⓷ 柴 ⛯ 㚱 ⼭ 忚 ᶨ 㬍 䳘 䶣 䘬 ↮ 㜸 冯 妶 婾 炻 䣁 㕤 䭯 ⷭ炻㛔㔯㕤㬌᷎㛒㍸↢℟橼䘬㍸㟰ㆾ⺢妨ˤょ⯙⣏㕡⎹侴妨炻 䫮侭娵䁢炻䴻䓙㛔㔯㭼庫⚳ℏ⢾⇌㰢⮎⊁㟰ἳ⎗䞍炻⛐㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅㔁⒮冯⸓≑Ὕ㪲埴䁢屔ảẍ䚜㍍Ὕ㪲埴䁢屔ảᷳ⬀⛐䁢 ⇵㍸䘬䉨㱩ᶳ炻⮎⊁ᶲ忳䓐⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛埴䁢⮎㚱℞暋ẍ䨩䟜 ᷳὟ旸⬀⛐ˤ⯌℞⛐⤪⎴㛔㔯ṳ䳡䘬暣儎庇橼䘤㖶ḳẞ䘬㟰 ἳ炻⮵ᶨ凔㴰屣侭⣏慷屑ⓖ攻㍍Ὕ㪲䈑⑩炻⽆侴婀䘤⣏慷䘬䚜 ㍍Ὕ⭛埴䁢㗪炻⚢䃞ᶵ⭄屧䃞㒜⻝⮰⇑Ὕ㪲屔ả⍲㕤ᶨ凔㴰屣 63 斄㕤㚱墯㔠Ὕ㪲Ṣ⬀⛐㗪炻㎵⭛岈ᷳ妰䬿㕡⺷炻⛐㖍㛔㚱ᶨṃ㟰ἳ冯妶 婾炻⍫夳䓘㛹┬ᷳ炷2005炸炻˨墯㔘̯Ὕ⭛侭̍䈡姙Ὕ⭛墥⑩̯㳩忂̬敊ᶶ ̘ ̠ ⟜ ⎰ ̯ ㎵ ⭛ 岈 柵 ̯ 䬿 ⭂ ̬ ̥ ̅ ̧ ˩炻˪ 䞍 䘬 屉 䓋 㱽 㓧 䫾 ⬎ 䞼 䨞 ˫炻7 ⎟炻枩 1-34烊㧒Ⱉ ᷭ剛炷2012炸炻˨䈡姙 㧑Ὕ⭛ ̬͉ ͌㎵ ⭛岈婳 㯪̩ 䈡 姙㱽炷䈡姙㱽 102 㜉⎬枭炸˩炻⣏㶽⒚ḇ䫱䶐炻˪䈡姙姜姇炷ᶲ炸˫枩 392-397炻 㜙Ṕ烉㮹ḳ㱽䞼䨞Ểˤ
侭朆↢㕤⓮㤕䚖䘬䘬㛒℔攳⮎㕥埴䁢炻Ữ⽆⮰⇑㪲Ṣᾅ嬟⮎㓰 ᷳ奨溆炻Ụ㚱㈤㬊㬌栆攻㍍⮎㕥Ṣᷳ⽭天⿏ˤἳ⤪炻⛐妋慳婾 ᶲ炻㗗⏎⎗傥⮯⮰⇑㱽䫔 59 㡅军䫔 61 㡅夷⭂夾䁢ˬ旣⌣忽㱽 ḳ䓙˭炻⇯䷙Ẍ⮎㕥埴䁢Ṣ⚈㸨嵛娚㡅↿旣⌣忽㱽ḳ䓙侴䃉 屈屔炻Ữ℞⮎㕥埴䁢㛔幓ṵㆸ䩳Ὕ㪲埴䁢 64 ˤ劍㬌炻⇯⎗傥 㺧嵛㮹㱽䫔 185 㡅天㯪枰㚱䚜㍍Ὕ㪲埴䁢⬀⛐ᷳ⇵㍸天ẞ炻侴 徥 䨞 㔁 ⒮ ㆾ ⸓ ≑ 侭 ᷳ ℙ ⎴ Ὕ 㪲 屔 ả 炻 ㆾ Ⱄ ᶨ 䧖 ⎗ 傥 䘬 妋 㰢 㕡 㱽ˤ⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻劍⽆㱽㖶䡢⿏ẍ⍲⎗枸㷔⿏䘬奨溆侴妨炻㕤⮰ ⇑㱽ℏ㖶⭂攻㍍Ὕ⭛夷⭂䘬ㇳ㱽炻ㆾⰔ庫䁢⥍怑䘬妋㰢⮵䫾炻 ょ䩳㱽⺢嬘勚ḳ橼⣏炻⯙℟橼ᾖ㬋⺢嬘䫱䳘䭨ḳ⭄炻䔁⼭㖍⼴ ⎎埴䁢㔯娛䳘妶婾ˤ 奨媠伶㖍㕤⮰⇑㱽⮶ℍ⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛⇞⹎ᷳ䚖䘬炻晾⛐㕤 䡢ᾅ⮰⇑㪲ᾅ嬟䘬⮎㓰⿏炻ょṵㅱ㲐シ性ᶵ䔞㒜⻝⮰⇑㪲ᷳ 㓰≃䭬⚵ 65炻ẍ⮵㕤㬋ⷠ䘬ḳ㤕㳣≽忈ㆸ忶⣏堅㑲炻ἧẩ㤕 ≽庺㚱Ὕ㪲ᷳ嘆ˤ㗗ẍ炻㕤㩊妶⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ⭛⓷柴ᷳ晃炻ㅱ䔁 シㆹ⚳ᷳ䓊㤕ˣ塩⇌⮎⊁䎦㱩炻⃭↮侫ㄖ⇘䚠斄㱽㓧䫾夷䭬䘬 嬲≽⮵㕤䚠斄䓊㤕⎗傥ⷞἮ䘬堅㑲冯⼙枧ˤ㬌⢾炻侫慷⇘ㆹ⚳ 䓊㤕ṵẍ廠↢⮶⎹䁢ᷣ炻⮵㕤⚳⢾䚠斄㱽⇞䘬䎮妋ṎⰔ慵天ˤ 64 ⯙㬌婾溆炻婳ᶨἝ⍫侫㛔㔯⇵㎕姣 33 䘬妶婾ˤ 65 ᷕⰙᾉ⻀炷2012炸炻˪䈡姙㱽˫炻2 䇰炻枩 413炻㜙Ṕ烉⻀㔯➪ˤ
㛔㔯㩊妶ㆹ⚳䚖⇵㮹㱽ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢怑䓐㕤㴱⍲墯㔠埴䁢Ṣᷳ ⮰⇑⮎㕥埴䁢ᷳ⓷柴溆炻᷎㭼庫⚳⢾㱽⇞冯㟰ἳ炻㛇傥䘤㎖㉳ 䢂⺽䌱ᷳ㓰炻䁢ㆹ⚳⮰⇑Ὕ⭛屔ả⓷柴䘬䞼䨞䘤⯽䔍䚉㡱唬ᷳ ≃ˤ
╒冒㜖䔊
ᾏҷᾼ㜖扷⎕
䌳㽌揹炷2006炸ˤ˪Ὕ㪲埴䁢㱽䫔ḴℲ烉䈡㬲Ὕ㪲埴䁢˫ˤ冢⊿烉冒䇰ˤ Tze-chien Wang (2006). Tort law II: Special Torts. Taipei: Author. 㛶䳈厗炷2009炸炻˨慓喍䳬ㆸ䈑⮰⇑冯ℙ⎴Ὕ㪲埴䁢㱽ᷳ怑䓐炼䯉姽
㘢ㄏ屉䓊㱽昊ḅᶫ⸜㮹⮰姜⫿䫔Ḽ嘇⇌㰢˩炻˪冢䀋㱽⬠暄 娴˫炻119㛇炻枩211-219ˤ
Su-Hua Lee (2009). Pharmaceutical composition patent and its application of joint torts: A short comment on Taiwan Intellectual Property Court 2008 Min-Zhuan-Su Zi No.5 Civil Decision, Taiwan Law Journal, 119, 211-219.
⏛㫋䍚炷2009炸ˤ˨⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ㪲炷indirect infringement炸夷⭂ᷳ⇅㍊— ℤ婾ㆹ⚳⮰⇑㱽ᾖ㬋勱㟰ᷳℏ⭡˩炻˪㘢ㄏ屉䓊㪲㚰↲˫炻130 㛇炻枩40-69ˤ
Shin-Ling Wu (2009). An introduction to indirect patent infringement- With reference to the amendment draft of the patent act of Taiwan, Intellectual Property Rights, 130. 40-69.
恙倘㘢炷叿炸炻⦂⽿㖶ᾖ妪炷2013炸ˤ˪㕘妪㮹㱽⁝䶐忂⇯炷ᶲ炸˫炻Ḵ 䇰ˤ冢⊿烉冒䇰ˤ
Tsong-Juh Chiu (Chih-Ming Jau revised) (2013). General Principles of the Law of Obligations I. Taipei: Author.
⦂⽿㖶炷2014炸ˤ˪Ὕ㪲埴䁢㱽˫炻ᾖ妪ᶱ䇰ˤ冢⊿烉⃫䄏ˤ Chih-Ming Jau (2014). Tort law, 3rd. ed., Taipei: Angel. ⬓㢖䃙炷2014炸ˤ˪㮹㱽⁝䶐䷥婾ᶲℲ˫ˤ冢⊿烉冒䇰ˤ
Sen-Yen Sun (2014). General Principles of the Law of Obligations I, rev. ed., Taipei: Author.
昛䥱妻炷2014炸ˤ˨婾伶⚳⮰⇑㱽⺽婀Ὕ㪲ᷳ䚜㍍Ὕ㪲天ẞ--Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc., 692 F.3d 1301 (Fed. Cir. 2012)ᷳ姽㜸˩炻˪⮰⇑ⷓ˫炻17㛇炻枩70-105ˤ
Ping-Hsun Chen (2014). The direct infringement requirement of inducing infringement under the Patent Law in the United States: A comment on Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc., 692 F.3d 1301 (Fed. Cir. 2012), Taiwan Patent Attorneys Journal, 17, 70-105.
昛䥱妻炷2014炸ˤ˨伶⚳⮰⇑㱽䚜㍍Ὕ㪲冯⺽婀Ὕ㪲ᷳ婧ㆾ㺼⊾˩炻 ˪⮰⇑ⷓ˫炻19㛇炻枩1-33ˤ
Ping-Hsun Chen (2014). The harmonization and evolution of direct infringement and inducing infringement under the Patent Law in the United States. Taiwan Patent Attorneys Journal, 19, 1-33. ∱⚳孂炷2009炸ˤ˨伶⚳⮰⇑攻㍍Ὕ㪲⮎⊁⮵ㆹ⚳⮰⇑㱽ᾖ㬋⮶ℍ攻 ㍍Ὕ㪲ᷳ┇䣢˩炻˪㓧⣏㘢ㄏ屉䓊姽婾˫炻7⌟2㛇炻枩1-38ˤ Kuo-Tsan Liu (2009). A case study of indirect infringement practices in
the U.S. and some notices to the amended Patent Act in Taiwan, NCCU Intellectual Property Review, 7(2), 1-38.
嫅所㲳炷2014炸ˤ˪㘢ㄏ屉䓊㪲㱽˫炻Ḽ䇰ˤ冢⊿烉⃫䄏ˤ
Ming-Yan Shieh (2014). Intellectual Property Law, 5th. ed., Taipei: Angel.
柷⎱㈧炷2014炸ˤ˪⮰⇑Ὕ㪲↮㜸䎮婾⍲⮎⊁˫ˤ冢⊿烉Ḽ⋿ˤ
Chi-Cheng Yen (2014). Theory and Practice of Patent Infringement Analysis. Taipei: Wunan.
‛ҷ㝴㜖扷⎕
ᷕⰙᾉ⻀炷2012炸ˤ˪䈡姙㱽˫炻2䇰ˤ㜙Ṕ烉⻀㔯➪ˤ
̯Ὕ⭛ᷣỻ̯娵⭂˩炻ᷕⰙᾉ⻀ˣ㔱喌⌂ˣ梗㛹㓷㖶䶐˪䈏 慶⇑䥳⃰䓇⁀⮧姀⾝婾㔯普烉䞍䘬屉䓋㧑㱽䎮̩㍸妨˫炻枩 104-124ˤ㜙Ṕ烉曺㜿㚠昊ˤ 䓘㛹┬ᷳ炷2005炸ˤ˨墯㔘̯Ὕ⭛侭̍䈡姙Ὕ⭛墥⑩̯㳩忂̬敊ᶶ̘ ̠⟜⎰̯㎵⭛岈柵̯䬿⭂̧̬̥̅˩炻˪䞍䘬屉䓋㱽㓧䫾⬎ 䞼䨞˫炻7⎟炻枩1-34ˤ 䓘㛹┬ᷳ炷2010炸ˤ˪䞍䘬屉䓋㱽˫炻5䇰ˤ㜙Ṕ烉㚱㔸敋ˤ ⎱喌⸠㚼炷䄲察ᶨ墄妪炸炷2001炸ˤ˪䈡姙㱽㤪婔˫炻13䇰ˤ㜙Ṕ烉 㚱㔸敋ˤ 㚵悐婈炷2010炸ˤ˨㓗惵䭉䎮✳̯䈡姙Ὕ⭛̧̬̥̅˩炻䇯Ⱉ劙Ḵ⃰䓇 怬㙎姀⾝婾㔯普˪䞍䘬屉䓋㱽̯㕘̘̅㳩͍˫炻枩453-472ˤ 㜙Ṕ烉曺㜿㚠昊ˤ 㜦ᶳ㬋炷2014炸ˤ˨䈡⭂̯塭伖̩䳬̀⎰̖͍̠͐㗪̬⥳̧͂䚜㍍Ὕ ⭛̩̫͌⟜⎰̬̋̒͌攻㍍Ὕ⭛̯怑䓐̧̬̥̅˩炻˪Ή;Ϋ ˫炻67⎟炷⇍ℲΉ;Ϋ12⎟炸炻枩31-44ˤ 㜦㛔慵㓷炷2000炸ˤ˪䈡姙䘢㖶̯ᾅ嬟䭬⚚˫炻㕘䇰ˤ㜙Ṕ烉㚱㔸敋ˤ 㜦䓘ὲ㱣炷2009炸ˤ˨墯㔘ᷣỻ̍敊ᶶ͌̚䈑̯䘢㖶̧̬̥̅䈡姙㧑
