不同運動型態對中老年女性平衡能力與功能性體適能的影響
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(2) 2012. 6. 54—83 47 33. 141. 31. 30 ( ) (. ± 2.3. 38.0 ± 2.6. 37.3 ± 3.0 35.2 ± 4.6. 37.9 p < .05). (p < .05). i.
(3) The effect of balance and functional fitness in middle-aged and elderly females engaged in different exercise June 2012. Student Adviser. Wan-Hsin Chang Shen-Yu Hsieh. Abstract Purpose. To compare the balance and functional fitness within brisk. walking, swimming, yoga, and non-exercise, for both middle-aged and elderly females. Methods A total of 141 females aged between 54-83 years old were recruited for the subjects, including 47 in brisk walking group, 31 in swimming group, 33 in yoga group, and 30 in non-exercise group. All the subjects received the Fullerton Advanced Balance Tests and the functional fitness tests which include chair standing test, arm curling test, 2-min stepping test, chair sit-and-reach test, back scratching test, 8-ft up-and-go test, and 6-min walking test. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Results The balance scale of the exercise group was significantly better than the non-exercise group (brisk walking. 37.3 ± 3.0 grades, swimming. 37.9 ±. 2.3 grades, yoga 38.0 ± 2.6 grades, non-exercise 35.2 ± 4.6 grades, p < .05). There was no difference in balance scale among 3 exercise groups. The arm curling test, chair sit-and-reach test, and 6-min walking test of the swimming group and the chair sit-and-reach test and back scratching test of the yoga group were outstandingly higher than the non-exercise group (p < .05). Conclusions. The middle-aged and elderly females with regular exercise had. better balance ability than non-exercise females. Swimming could enhance upper-muscle strength, lower-limbs flexibility, and cardiopulmonary function. Yoga could increase upper and lower-limbs flexibility.. Key words. fall, senior citizen, Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale ii.
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(10) 1. 98 245. 7,648. 65. 10.63 % (. 2010). 65 88. 18.7 %. 94. 20.5 % 94. 60. 69 12.6%. 92.73% 80. 65-69 99.94%. 30.1%. 85. 18.9%. 1:1. 1.5-2 2005. 20.8%. 2010). (.
(11) 2. (American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM) 65 (ACSM, 2009). (2009). Oken. (2006).
(12) 3. (. 1995. 1999). 54—83. 54—83.
(13) 4. 54—83. (World Health Organization, WHO) 54-83. 65.
(14) 5. 10 30. 150. (static balance). (dynamic. balance) (Fullerton Advanced Balance scale, FAB scale). (stand. with feet together, eyes closed) object). (reaching forward to retrieve an. (turning in a full circle to right and left). and over a 6”bench). (tandem walk). leg, eyes open). (step up (standing on one. (standing on foam, eyes closed). (two-footed jump for distance). (walk with head turns). (unexpected backward release) (Fullerton Advanced Balance scale, FAB scale) Rose (2003). Fall Proof: A. comprehensive balance and mobility training program (FAB scale). 10. 5.
(15) 6. (0-4. ). Rikli and Jones (1999b) ( ).
(16) 7. (Burtom & Miller, 1998). (static balance). (dynamic balance) (1987) (vestibular apparatus). (utricle). (saccule). (semicircular canals). (Lipsitz & Goldberger, 1992) Richter (1980). (excitability).
(17) 8. (Lee & Aronson, 1974). (Haywood, 1993). (. 1987) (Anderson & Behm, 2005). Gersten (1991). 65-75 (Gersten, 1991) (. 2004).
(18) 9. (. 1995. 1999) (. 143. 2002). 65. 14. 16 % (Melzer, Benjuya, & Kaplanski, 2003) (Carmeli, Kessel, Coleman, & Ayalon, 2002). (. 2000). (. 2002).
(19) 10. 30 (. 1991). 3. 12. (. 2009). 33. 2. 12. 14. 65 (Fear of falling,. FoF)(Schmid, Van Puymbroeck, & Koceja, 2010). Oken. (2006). (Gehlsen, 1990).
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(32) 23. ( ). (unexpected backward release) 1.. 2.. 3.. 10. Rikli and Jones (1999b).
(33) 24. ( chair stand ) (. 5. ). (arm curl) (2-min step) ( chair sit-and-reach) ( back scratch ) (8-ft up-and-go) ( (6-min walk). ( ). ( chair stand ) 1. 2.. 1/2. 3.. 1-2 30. 11. ).
(34) 25. ( ). (arm curl) 1. 2.. 1/2. 3.. 4.. 5. 1-2. 30. 12 ( ). (2-min step) 1.. (anterior superior iliac spine). (patella) 2. 3.. 2.
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(36) 27. ( ). ( back scratch ) 1.. 2.. 15 ( ). (8-ft up-and-go) 1.. 2.. 3.. 8.
(37) 28. 16 ( ). (6-min walk) 1. 2.. 6. 3.. 17.
(38) 29. SPSS for Windows 12.0. = 0.05. Tukey.
(39) 30. (n=47) (n=31). (n=33). (n=30) (F=2.016. > .05). (F=0.438. p > .05). p > .05). (F=0.641. (F=1.465 p > .05). 1 1 Tukey ( ) (cm) (kg). (n=47). (n=31). (n=33). (n=30). 68.0 ± 5.3. 66.3 ± 6.5. 67.5 ± 6.0. 70.0 ± 6.8. n.s.. 154.1± 0.05. 154.0 ± 0.04. 152.9 ± 0.05. 151.9 ± 0.05. n.s.. 57.2 ± 9.8. 57.5 ± 8.5. 55.3 ± 6.2. 57.4 ± 9.6. n.s.. 24.0 ± 3.8. 24.2 ± 3.3. 23.7 ± 2.5. 24.8 ± 3.8. n.s.. 2. (kg/m ) ±. n.s. (non-significant) =. p < .05. p.
(40) 31. (F=1.240 > .05). (F=0.361. (F=1.240. p > .05). p > .05). (F=1.740. (F=2.540 p > .05) p < .05). (F=2.359. p > .05). p > .05). (F=5.189 p < .05) (F=1.285 p > .05). (F=5.064. p < .05). p. (F=3.584. (F=2.308 p > .05) Y= 0.824 - 0.020X. 100% (Hernandez & Rose, 2008). Y/(1+Y) *. (F=4.886. p < .05). Tukey 2 (3.8 ± 0.5 .05). (4.0 ± 0.0. ). (4.0 ± 0.0. ). ). (p < (3.9 ± 0.2. ) (3.4 ± 1.1 (3.8 ± 0.4. ). (3.9 ± 0.3. ). (p < .05). ). (35.2 ± 4.6. ). (p < .05).
(41) 32. (37.3 ± 3.0. ). (37.9 ± 2.3. Y= 0.824 - 0.020X. ). (38.0 ± 2.6. Y/(1+Y) * 100%. (10.2 ± 6.8 %) ± 4.9 %). ). (6.0 ± 3.9 %). (p < .05). (7.0. (5.9 ± 4.2 %). 2 F (n=47). (n=31). (n=33). (n=30). ( ). 4.0 ± 0.0. 4.0 ± 0.0. 4.0 ± 0.0. 3.9 ± 0.2. 1.240. n.s.. ( ). 3.9 ± 0.3. 3.9 ± 0.4. 4.0 ± 0.0. 3.9 ± 0.4. 0.361. n.s.. ( ). 3.6 ± 0.7. 3.7 ± 0.8. 3.6 ± 0.8. 3.2 ± 1.0. 2.359. n.s.. ( ). 4.0 ± 0.0. 4.0 ± 0.0. 4.0 ± 0.0. 3.9 ± 0.4. 1.240. n.s.. 3.7 ± 0.7. 3.7 ± 0.6. 3.9 ± 0.3. 3.6 ± 0.7. 1.740. n.s.. ( ). 3.5 ± 0.8. 3.8 ± 0.7. 3.8 ± 0.7. 3.3 ± 1.1. 2.540. n.s.. ( ). 4.0 ± 0.0. 4.0 ± 0.0. 3.9 ± 0.2. 3.8 ± 0.5. 5.189. 4<1&2&3. ( ). 3.8 ± 0.4. 3.8 ± 0.5. 3.9 ± 0.3. 3.4 ± 1.1. 3.584. 4<1&3. ( ). 2.9 ± 1.1. 3.0 ± 1.2. 3.1 ± 1.0. 2.6 ± 1.0. 1.285. n.s.. ( ). 3.8 ± 0.6. 3.9 ± 0.2. 3.8 ± 0.9. 3.5 ± 1.1. 2.308. n.s.. 37.3 ± 3.0. 37.9 ± 2.3. 38.0 ± 2.6. 35.2 ± 4.6. 5.064. 4<1&2&3. 7.0 ± 4.9. 6.0 ± 3.9. 5.9 ± 4.2. 10.2 ± 6.8. 4.886. 4>1&2&3. ( ). ( ) (%) 1 2. Tukey. 1= ±. 2=. 3=. n.s. (non-significant) =. 4= p < .05.
(42) 33. (F=1.268. p > .05). (F=3.129. (F=1.648. p > .05). (F=14.344. < .05). (F=3.885. p < .05) p < .05). (F=5.124. p < .05). (F=2.971. p. p < .05). Tukey 4-3. (14.5 ± 2.9. 8.7. /30. ). /30. (19.7 ± 8.3. ). ). ). (5.4 ± 7.9. ). ) ). (-4.7 ±. ) (7.0 ± 2.3. 1.3. (9.5 ± (5.4 ± 7.9. (4.9 ± 7.8 10.8. ). ). (12.2 ± 11.2. (12.2 ± 11.2. (17.6 ± 4.6. ). (5.9 ± 1.0. ). ). (5.9 ± 1.2. (6.1 ± ).
(43) 34. (470.2 ± 70.4 (414.5 ± 70.4. ). ). 3 F (n=47) ( /30 ( /30. ( /2 (. (n=31). (n=33). (n=30). 13.8 ± 3.1. 14.4 ± 3.5. 13.8 ± 3.5. 12.7 ± 3.6. 1.268. n.s.. 16.2 ± 3.8. 17.6 ± 4.6. 16.0 ± 4.1. 14.5 ± 2.9. 3.129. 2>4. 94.1 ± 21.3. 94.7 ± 22.0. 92.4 ± 19.3. 84.4 ± 20.8. 1.648. n.s.. 9.5 ± 8.7. 12.2 ± 11.2. 19.7 ± 8.3. 5.4 ± 7.9. ) ). ) 14.34. ). 3>1&2&4 2>4. 0.8 ± 10.6 (. Tukey. 0.7 ± 8.9. 4.9 ± 7.8. -4.7 ± 10.8. 5.124. 3>4. ) 6.1 ± 1.3. 5.9 ± 1.0. 5.9 ± 1.2. 7.0 ± 2.3. 3.885. 4>1&2&3. 454.1 ± 87.6. 470.2 ± 70.4. 463.2 ± 80.1. 414.5 ± 70.4. 2.971. 2>4. ( ) (. ) 1 2. 1= ±. 2=. 3=. n.s. (non-significant) =. 4= p < .05.
(44) 35. 54-83 (ACSM). 10. 30. 150. 100 90 ACSM. (p > .05).
(45) 36. (FAB scale) (35.2 ± 4.6 (37.3 ± 3.0 ± 2.6. ). ) (37.9 ± 2.3. ). (38.0. ) Y= 0.824 - 0.020X. Y/(1+Y) * 100%. (10.2 ± 6.8 %) (6.0 ± 3.9 %). (7.0 ± 4.9 %) (5.9 ± 4.2 %). Gehlsen(1990). (Lee & Aronson, 1974 Behm, 2005). Lipsitz & Goldberger, 1992. Anderson &.
(46) 37. (3.8 ± .4 (3.9 ± .3. ). (3.4 ± 1.1. ). ). 1999 2004. Rikli and Jones (1999b). (17.6 ± 4.6. /30. ) (12.2 ± 11.2. (14.5 ± 2.9 ) (470.2 ± 70.4. (414.5 ± 70.4. ). /30. ). (5.4 ± 7.9 ). ).
(47) 38. 65-75 (. 2000. Gersten, 1991). 800 (. 1995). (19.7 ± 8.3 (9.5 ± 8.7. ). (12.2 ± 11.2. ). (4.9 ± 7.8 10.8. (5.4 ± 7.9 ). ). (-4.7 ±. ). (7.0 ± 2.3 1.3. ). ). (5.9 ± 1.0. ). (5.9 ± 1.2. ) ). (6.1 ±.
(48) 39. (agility). (. (p > .05) Carmeli, Kessel, Coleman. Rikli and Jones (1999b). 2000). Ayalon( 2002).
(49) 40. ( ). ) (. ( 67.5. ). (. 68.0 70.0. ) ). (. 66.3.
(50) 41.
(51) 42. 1991. 67. 2000. 17-20. --. http://www.epsport.idv.tw/epsport/fitness/show.asp?repno=58&page=1 2009 ( ) http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22097FY0055630 05%22.&searchmode=basic 2010 http://www.ris.gov.tw/version96/stpeqr_01_04.html 2005 94 -. 88. http://www.doh.gov.tw/ufile/doc/960329-%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E5%B1%80 -%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E8%B7%8C%E5%80%92.doc 1987 — 2000) 10 1-42 2004 30(1) 33-40 2002 1991 1999 1992 1995 26. 2-10 2002 1999 13(1). 31-38. 1995 2009 8(2) 1990 ) 2004. -. 182-188 13. 80. 45-50.
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(54) 45. 0973-575-758. 50. 85. ( (. ). ).
(55) 46. (. C.C.). (. (. ). ).
(56) 47. (PAR-Q).
(57) 48. (Fullerton Advanced Balance scale, FAB scale) :___________________________. :_______________. 1. ( ( ( ( (. )0 )1 )2 )3 )4. ( ( ( ( (. )0 )1 )2 )3 )4. ( ( ( (. )0 )1 )2 )3. 10 10. 30. 30 30. 2.. 3.. 4 4. (. )4. ( (. )0 )1. (. )2. (. )3. (. )4. ( ( ( ( (. )0 )1 )2 )3 )4. 4. 4.. 5. 10 10 10 10. 5 5 2 10.
(58) 49. 6. ( ( ( ( (. )0 )1 )2 )3 )4. ( ( (. )0 )1 )2. (. )3. 5 5 12. 12 20 20. 7.. 10 10 20. (. )4. (. )0. ( ( ( (. )1 )2 )3 )4. ( ( (. )0 )1 )2. (. )3. 20. 8.. 9. 30. 10 30. 30 30 30. ( 10. (. )4 )0. (. )1. (. )2. ( (. )3 )4. 30. 10.
(59) 50. ( /30 ( /30. ( /2 (. (68.0 yr). (66.3 yr). (67.5 yr). (70.0 yr). (65-69 yr). (70-74 yr). 13.8. 14.4. 13.8. 12.7. 11-16. 10-15. 16.2. 17.6. 16.0. 14.5. 12-18. 12-17. 94.1. 94.7. 92.4. 84.4. 73-107. 68-101. 9.5. 12.2. 19.7. 5.4. -1.27. -2.54. - +11.43. - +10.16. -8.89. -10.16. - +3.81. - +2.54. 6.4-4.8. 7.1-4.9. ) ). ) ) 0.8. (. 0.7. 4.9. -4.7. ) 6.1. 5.9. 5.9. 7.0. 454.1. 470.2. 463.2. 414.5. ( ) (. ) 1 2. Senior Fitness Test Manual. 457.2-580.6 438.9-562.4.
(60) 51. (Chang, Wan-Hsin). 1986.10.22. 2009.09 ~ 2012.06 2005.09 ~ 2009.06 2002.09 ~ 2005.06. 2010. 2010. 2011. (. ) 101.2.20. (. ) 99.12.8. 2010. ( C. (. ) 99.11.13 ) 98.12.11.
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