家庭語文環境不利之幼兒家庭親子共讀互動模式
全文
(2) ৎᇟЎᕉნόճϐѴٽৎᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄ! ৎᇟЎᕉნόճϐѴٽৎᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄ! ! Ц☰ӵ! Ц☰ӵ! !. ᄔȱ ȱ ाȱ ءઔߒؾऱ࣍ڇԱᇞ୮அ֮ᛩቼլܓհؔࠝ୮அΔለլࠝؔܓ֮ᖂհᛩቼ ᐛΔࠀ։࣫ᘣ٥ᦰᖵ࿓խ୮९ऱյ೯ᑓڤΔئ׀֗אሎشୌࠄᨓਮฃ֧ᖄؔࠝፖ ٥ᦰΖʳ ءઔߒආشᨠኘઔߒऄΔၞԵ୮அ፦ႃᘣ٥ᦰ᠆༄ऱኙᇩփ୲Δࠀሎشฮᓵ ലᘣ٥ᦰᙕᐙփ୲אף։࣫յ೯ൣ֗ݮᨓਮฃΔઔߒᓵូڕՀΚʳ ԫΕ୮அ֮ᛩቼլܓհؔࠝ୮९Δڇ٥ᦰᖵ࿓խ୮९ᄎᙟထؔࠝऱൣउᓳᖞጟյ ೯ᑓڤΔ։ܑψᅃءءীω Ε ψ֮ءյ೯ীω Ε ψᎅ֮ᇞڗীω֗ψᠨٻյ೯ীω ᣊյ೯ᑓڤፖؔࠝၞ۩٥ᦰ೯Ζʳ ԲΕ୮அ֮ᛩቼլܓհؔࠝ୮९Δڇ٥ᦰᖵ࿓խΔᄎٌᙑሎشψ༴૪ࢤωᨓਮฃΕ ψᎁवࢤωᨓਮฃΕ ψፖࢤᨓਮฃω֗ψ֭ࢤωᨓਮฃጟᨓਮ ฃࠐ֧ᖄؔࠝۼ٥ᦰऱኙᇩփ୲֗ᏺࠝؔףऱ֮ᆖ᧭Ζʳ ԿΕ୮९ࢬൕࠃհᄐ֗ࢬࣄऱ֮֏Ꮭଖᨠױ౨ᄎᐙ٥ᦰᖵ࿓խࢬ।נऱյ೯ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᑓڤፖᨓਮฃΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᣂڗΚ୮அ֮ᛩቼΕᘣ٥ᦰΕᘣ٥ᦰյ೯ᑓڤΕᘣ٥ᦰᨓਮฃʳ. I.
(3) Shared Readig Styles Among the Families Less Advantaged for Young Children’s Literacy Development Xiao-ru Wang. ȱ The aims of this research was to examine the features of home literacy environment less advantaged for young children’s literacy development, to analyze how those parents interacted with their young children, and to identify the scaffolding strategies applied by those parents. Observational methodology was adopted to fulfill the purposes of this study. Besides, the researcher applied grounded theory to analyze the recording videos of shared book reading sessions. Three conclusions are induced as follows: A. Parents would adjust four interaction modes during story book sharing sessions— including verbatim reading, focus on discussion, shared reading for learning, extensive discussion. B. The parents of the families less advantaged for young children’s literacy development would still apply some scaffolding strategies in shared reading sessions, incluing the descriptive strategies, cognitive strategies, engagement strategies, and supportive strategies. C. Occupations of the participants and their cultural values were found related to the shared reading styles as well as scaffolding strategies in shared book reading.. KeywordΚHome literacy environmentΕShared book readingΕScaffolding strategiesΕStyles of shared book reading. II.
(4) Ҟᒵ ᄔ ा ....................................................................................................................I Abstract................................................................................................................. II ಃക ᆣፕ ......................................................................................................... 1 ಃ ࣴزङඳᆶᐒ .............................................................................. 1 ಃΒ ࣴزҞޑϷୢᚒ .............................................................................. 5 ಃΟ Ӝຒញက .......................................................................................... 6 ಃѤ ࣴزज़ ڋ.......................................................................................... 8 ಃΒക! Ў ............................................................................................... 9 ಃ ৎᇟЎᕉნ .................................................................................. 9 ಃΒ ᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄ ........................................................................ 21 ಃΟ ᒃηӅ᠐ύޑᡳࢎౣ ................................................................ 44 ಃΟക ࣴزБ ݤ............................................................................................... 63 ಃ ᢀჸࣴ ݤز.................................................................................... 63 ಃΒ ࣴୖزᆶ ޣ.................................................................................... 65 ಃΟ ၗᇆ ........................................................................................ 69 ಃѤ ၗϩ ........................................................................................ 76 ಃϖ ࣴزჴࡼำ ׇ................................................................................ 83 ಃϤ ࣴࡋߞزᆶਏࡋ ............................................................................ 84 III.
(5) ಃΎ ࣴزউ ........................................................................................ 86 ಃѤക ่ࣴ݀زᆶፕ................................................................................... 87 ಃ ৎᇟЎᕉნჴሞ ................................................................ 87 ಃΒ ৎᇟЎᕉნόճϐѴٽৎᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄ.................... 98 ಃΟ ৎᇟЎᕉნόճϐѴٽৎᒃηӅ᠐ᡳࢎౣ.................. 117 ಃѤ!ᆕӝፕᆶϩ .......................................................................... 145 ಃϖക ่ࣴزፕᆶࡌ................................................................................. 155 ಃ!่ࣴزፕ ...................................................................................... 155 ಃΒ ࣴࡌز ...................................................................................... 158 ୖԵЎ ........................................................................................................... 161 ύЎ ............................................................................................................ 161 ѦЎ ............................................................................................................ 167 ߕᒵ ................................................................................................................... 170 ߕᒵ!ৎᇟЎᕉნᔠਡ߄ .................................................................. 170 ߕᒵΒ ৎߏӕཀਜ .................................................................................. 172. IV.
(6) ߄Ҟᒵ! ߄ 2-1 ৎ᎙᠐ᕉნ࣬ᜢࣴزំ߄ ............................................................. 13 ߄ 2-2 ৎᇟЎᕉნ࣬ᜢࣴزំ߄ ............................................................. 14 ߄ 2-3 ᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄϩ ߄..................................................................... 29 ߄ 2-4 Haden ΓȐ1996ȑᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄϩ߄.................................. 34 ߄ 2-5 Reese ΓȐ2003ȑᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄϩ߄................................... 35 ߄ 2-6 ߎྷȐ2000ȑᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄϩБԄ ..................................... 37 ߄ 2-7 ལȐ2009ȑϐӅ᠐ϕኳԄϩ ߄............................................. 39 ߄ 2-8 ቅە٫Ȑ2009ȑᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄϩ ߄......................................... 40 ߄ 2-9 ৎߏЬ܄၉ᇟᆶӣᔈ܄၉ᇟϩ ߄................................................. 42 ߄ 2-10 ᡳࢎౣϩ߄.................................................................................... 60 ߄ 3-1 Ѵ୷ٽҁၗ߄...................................................................................... 66 ߄ 3-2 ৎߏ୷ҁၗ.......................................................................................... 68 ߄ 3-3 ၗᇆਔ໔߄...................................................................................... 75 ߄ 3-4 ᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄጓዸጄ ߄ٯ............................................................. 76 ߄ 3-5 ᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄၗᜪձ߄ ............................................................. 77 ߄ 3-6 ᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄጓዸϩጄ ߄ٯ..................................................... 80 ߄ 3-7 ᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄጓዸᜪҞጄ ߄ٯ..................................................... 81 ߄ 4-1 ჴሞৎύᆶѴٽӅ᠐Γኧំ߄ ..................................................... 88 ߄ 4-2 ৎᇟЎᕉნᔠਡ߄.............................................................................. 89 ߄ 4-3 ༜܌Յំ߄...................................................................................... 94 ߄ 4-4 ৎߏჹᏢಞॣݙϷ୯ӷ࣮ݤំ߄ ..................................................... 95 ߄ 4-5 ᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄԛኧК ߄ٯ........................................................... 101 V.
(7) ߄ 4-6 ᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄˇঁձৎК ߄ٯ............................................... 102 ߄ 4-7 ᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄख़ᗺፕំ߄ ................................................... 115 ߄ 4-8 ᡳࢎౣᜪࠠԛኧК ߄ٯ................................................................... 120 ߄ 4-9 ᒃηӅ᠐ᡳࢎౣˇঁձৎК ߄ٯ............................................... 121 ߄ 4-10 ඔॊ܄ᡳࢎౣԛኧК ߄ٯ............................................................. 122 ߄ 4-11 ᇡ܄ޕᡳࢎౣԛኧК ߄ٯ............................................................. 128 ߄ 4-12 ୖᆶ܄ᡳࢎౣԛኧ߄...................................................................... 136 ߄ 4-13 Ѝ܄ᡳࢎౣԛኧ߄...................................................................... 140 ߄ 4-14 ᡳࢎౣख़ᗺፕំ߄ ................................................................. 143 ߄ 4-15 ᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄКၨ߄ ................................................................. 146 ߄ 4-16 ᡳࢎౣᜪࠠКၨ߄.......................................................................... 147 ߄ 4-17 ϕኳԄቫԛКၨំ߄ ................................................................. 148 ߄ 4-18 ᡳࢎౣቫԛКၨំ߄ ................................................................. 149 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! VI.
(8) კҞᒵ! კ 1-1 ಄ӝᡳࢎཷޑۺᏢಞᕉნ୷ҁ่ᄬ .................................................... 48 კ 1-2 ޗЎϯԛኧϩଛࢊރკ .................................................................... 93 კ 1-3 ᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄᜪҞᐕำკ ............................................................ 99 კ 1-4 ᡳࢎౣᜪҞว߄........................................................................... 118 !. VII.
(9) ȱ ȱ . ಃȱ ಃ ࣴزङඳᆶᐒȱ ࣴزङඳᆶᐒ q !q N !e !¡¢+ £R r'¤¥¦§¨©\ª«¬A !®¯&'RS: °Z±²©³¥ª«´µ !¶·¸¹Xº»¼ ½¾¿#À$Z±¿#r'ÁÂÃÄÅFÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍ@q !³¥F !"#$&'RSÎÏ 9yÐ: =>ºÑÒZ±¢ÓÅF !&'()+6789Ô ?ÕÖרÙ&'RS:-9Ú !Û-\ÜkÝÜ/Þß^Ý HIàáâÚßyÝ$ã[[äåæ+çèÚéêe-ëì !ÅíF !r'¨?îì½ïðñòóôÇõöö9Ú !ÛÚ ÷øùú ûüú0Zü-9ÚýMþZüHIශù½ܡ ïÝHI֘ଙቝᓫ֚Ô)9ÚýMû$Ý+£¡¢HIÚ»֨ 9-ࠆ۞աᦟþ1Ýãä-ۿ£࠹Úங÷*პూࢨរ ᙰڃᚨ^: ÅF- !&'()³ݺ£ᄅ࡛} !piॺZ᧢ګ ñÂՏ᧢ᆄ³ݺF !&'Ô)ୖX࡛ړc:ñª«6Ò@ߨݺyÐ !éÂ@A ®>=چ-9®ਜ !-Ûñ./»࣋x ം¾6ÒFÝ৵ìHI¡¢Ûñ༻ᐰÝߡᜢଃފዝÝ$ãౖ -Á\ÃÄÚߪeÝãäZದkÝÚéê-÷᧢67Ô) ઌᅝދA89 !r'$:WڼDE᧢67Ô)9&'RS³¥ᗏದუ¬A !&'RS967Ô): ÎÏ٣F !ઌLM9 @q !9aL৵Ò ! Æ8 9+Zc
(10) r',-ൄ/ !}@এ+
(11) ߢ 1.
(12) ΰᔤጘࢵ2004ðࣥᗊࡲ2005α:ૉ F
(13) ߢÒ୶P} F ᓿղDE[ցפ9ùᆠຘመ9 ګ+,-&'$ດዬ9Ò ୶ٺᏆԺÀ$ߢ
(14) ܶץԺÒ୶:÷ຘመ9,-+ ګ&' ൄᛧ࠷ॺ«)
(15) ΰ႓ᅗྶ1993α:ڼ؆
(16) ߢÒ୶ൄ࠹. ᐋ૿PWY9 ګ[ÞߩÑ&'[ षچç[,- 89[
(17) [ ण_[ ¼ໂ9zx r'ࡉࠉॵএo Pᐋ૿ઌᅝᐖऑΰࡌॠᓩ2006ðᆺدੳ2006ðࠅޕੳ2007α:ڼطzڰ º
(18) Ò୶ÆÛ࠹Ô૿ઌ&P $Ò୶۞
(19) ݺ: ྥñTaylorΰ1983α9 Tealeΰ1978αࣔᒔß,- ༼ࠎ
(20) Fڰº
(21) ߢÒ୶°´Pΰ6۞ Wasik2004α:ࣥఆ㢱ΰ2006αye.
(22) ܶץ$ $ګ༼ࠎ
(23) Ò୶ٺcᇷᄭץਔ,-FՖ
(24) ኪ¹[,-FՖ
(25) °´{|[
(26) ᇷᄭ9
(27) r' ob±ᐋ૿
(28) Ժࡨ ,-ᛜທ
(29) N\°´P
(30) Ò୶: ᧩ ق$,-ᛜທ
(31) F
(32) ߢÒ୶ࠠઌᅝ¬ PԺΰᏥᙩፚ2004ðòჱ2008ðࣥᐝୠ2008αÀ$ܶץ,-༼ࠎߜړ
(33) r'WY ![ഀ࿙ᝓ[Ղቹû塢oٚ۶ߜ[ᦫړk[![ᐊr' QÔ૿
(34) :ᅝ
(35) ઌr'$,-®¯༼ࠎ{| ܗՑ
(36) Ժ༼֒+6ದF !9ûᐊ¡¢ΰSonw, 1983ðBus& Van Ijzendoorn, 1995ðDe Temple & Tabors, 1996ð႓ᅗྶ1993ðޕëఇ9ࣥᐝख़2001ð ਲဎ⠛9ཾႁ2001ðࣥᐝୠ2008ðòჱ2008α:؆ຝ¥ٍÒ ,-F
(37) ኪ¹<«nᗨᄕኪ¹+༼ࠎ။DE
(38) ᇷᄭւ ۞]طù൶9ࠌ/আ@!ᐊနÒΰૣࡵܦ2002ðᏥᙩፚ2004ðࢉ܇ 2006ðࠅޕੳ2007ðòჱ2008ðࣥᐝୠ2008αڼط}
(39) 9
(40) Ò୶യএ: ,-ყૹ
(41) ᛜທყ༼ࠎDE
(42) 9&'ÇH¥ ஊ ᥞΰ2004αye,-9 $
(43) &'່e១Á9່யÁÂ !:êe !ૻࠫٚ۶ÛÑ[چរࡉãᑇኒ۟ڜඈᜯጕছࢨ, 2.
(44) -ٚ۶9 Z՛Û٠ܛ:ཾිᗊΰ2008αٍßᅝ,-9@q !r 'Û ڼÆ໌ທZ±ᄵᤲ ࣷÆÛᛜທZ±۞ྥ
(45) ߢ: ۞ྥ
(46) ߢ&' !"#$ຫਟ܆ΰ2005αye,-Fܗ墿Â,9ÚÑߢᓫ&'9tੌ:ᅝ,-ຩ۴ !Ûൄ\৬ዌZ±a᧯
(47) ߢ23 ,-\ !#¹]Û`aÑFG༼ࠎ !Ղ{|ΰ८ᅗ॒ 2000α:,-ण_`a !&'Ô)*ᄆ[قᑢ堚[ૹw9قᒤoÆ67 45³*
(48) ߢࢨॺ
(49) ߢሒუ?9ᒭՑ
(50) Ժ©\༉WÆ23 ղᔞᅝ{|9࠰ࠌܗດዬÒ୶
(51) ߢ؏ݾ9 !Ժΰ്ᦸW9ࣥࠋᐝ 2006α:De Templeΰ2001αye,- !Û&'qe+FGHIÂP!ᐊ Ò୶êై:ຫිඕΰ2006αaLÇH؆ګã9 !&'Ô)ઌÒ ᅝګãߢ
(52) ࢨٽÒ୶`a67Ô)9FGHIץਔ༼ം»࣋xം¾ ~ڃ[67Ýߡۥ9ٙ[ቃྒྷÝÒ୶ǾǾo2345@
(53) ߢÒ୶:ڼطz !$,-༼ࠎ23459&'Ô)আࠌ ᛧ࠷ૹ
(54) ై: ྥñÇH؆൶ý !&'()ઌ$ឈઃyÆ,- ! Ûࠌ/Æ&'()+2345আ@
(55) ߢÒ୶֊A൶ý=រ . षچç Æष !&'()ΰBeal & De Temple, 1992ðDickinson &Smith, 1994ðHaden[Reese &Fivush, 1996ðMartin, 1998ð႓࠱ྐྵ2004ð്ᦸW9ࣥ ࠋᐝ2006α :ᑇ¥ઃ* षچç൶ý !&'()Àê壆 9ઃ᧩ قषچç9õ৵
(56) Ò୶ëêڼಾFଅᙠ. ¨༼ࠎߜ܅
(57) ړष ¬A൶ý !&'()áᕧ៶ط ຍ1¨?༼ࠎߜ)('&!
(58) ړ$ބ༈༼֒
(59) Ô?ΰBeal & De Temple, 1992ðDickinson & Smith, 1994ðHaden[Reese &Fivush, 1996ðMartin, 1998ð႓࠱ྐྵ2004ð്ᦸW9ࣥࠋᐝ2006α : ¤,-ඒߛ#¹[ %[ گAÂ êై$࣐᧢ޏై൶ý ॺषچç êైૹxઌFᣄ* ᧢ޏêై֒༼᧯ࠠޓ
(60) ߢÒ୶ΰࣥఆ㢱2009α êڼye
(61) ߡ¹¬A൶ý !&'()ޓᐖऑ ¨?༼ࠎߜ
(62) ړÒ୶
(63) 3.
(64) Ò୶êైࢨᏁ࠰ܗd !"#$,-&'()+2345: e®
(65) ޓਜ !Û&'RS+2345 ¥ ছÇH
(66) 9 !&'()ઌ$¨Òd ಾF
(67) + !&'()¬܂AýM9ڼÅÔ૿ઌ༓ »ᗑمᓫMࠌڼຝٝ ᇷற+ઌ®᥆ቦ:ñ89¥Ô૿൶ ý
(68) 89¥Օ*Ç՛࿙[ॹ֟e֟௫+ছ *ၦ}൶ý
(69) 9 !ԺÑএΰ႓ඕߐ2002ðભᣪ 2003ðᏥᙩፚ2004ð႓ ᑽ2006ðᆺدੳ2006ðࠅޕੳ2007α:êڼ¥y eಾF
(70) !&'"#$&'()+2345 @ZÏ@A=>* 9ᑢ堚: ഗՂw'©¥ye¬A
(71) ,-9 ®¯ !"#$&'RS+./012345}Ꮖ89 !r':٦ ¥ຘመ®¯@A =>
(72) !&'()ᇖߩ ছÇHFڼᏆቦ:. 4.
(73) ಃΒ ࣴزҞޑϷୢᚒ. ~ìࣥఆ㢱ΰ2009α` e9
(74) Ò୶
(75) ฆRS*=>?®¯@A
(76) e
(77) Ò୶ À
(78) Ò୶ైÀ !"#$,&'()*+,-W۶®¯67Ú !ࢨ༼ࠎ23}{|[ឩ୶Ú
(79) ߢHI+ @৸÷ܒ[ەԺUV !()9À༼ࠎ2345: ം¾WXwY Z[
(80) À
(81) ైe۶Λ s[
(82) À,- !"#$&'()e۶Λ [
(83) À,- !"#$༼ࠎ2345e۶Λ. 5.
(84) ಃΟ! ಃΟ! Ӝຒញကȱ Ӝຒញက eÁ9ýMಾFૹåဲdwWXY. ǵৎᇟЎᕉნ 8ەÇH¥ࣥఆ㢱ΰ2006αN
(85) ࡳe %+ ګ ༼ࠎ
(86) Ò୶ٺcՂᇷᄭץਔ,-FՖ
(87) ኪ¹[,-FՖ
(88) ༼ࠎ®¯{|[
(89) ᇷᄭ[
(90) r'obᐋ૿:. ΒǵৎᇟЎᕉნόճϐѴٽৎ! ৎᇟЎᕉნόճϐѴٽৎ! ࠉgࣥఆ㢱ΰ2009α`Ø[$[Öچ 989 ±
(91) T࣠ࡳ
(92) eÀ$f
(93) ၦj᜔ ۍ܅s·ն ΰၦ᜔ ܅108 *Xܶ 108 α:. ΟǵᒃηӅ᠐ ! ®ਜ
(94) r'Zc១ߢÂ,-9 ÆZದ ![ࠆ íܛæef !j :ñ !Âß,-9 Æ !πړ塍ֻֻρ +۞ᙇZቹûመ#:. ѤǵᒃηӅ᠐ϕኳԄ <এmn࠷n&'=រΰࣥ༡ႁ2000α } ,- !"# $&'():,- !"#୶ॆ᧯'܂9RፃoॺՑ
(95) &'սಖO= >$܂e᎖ܗkࣔ:. ϖǵᡳࢎౣ $ß2345Âß !"#$,-6789 !Û \ࠉgԺᔞ¹`a67Ô)*ᗨᄕ89 !WYᅝ½ïԺX૾ 6.
(96) Û %*ߡފۥዝࢨ១ÝHI}༼֒ !¡¢ࢨÂ/༼ം}67 ሂๅ۞ݺ৸ە3*Æ৸ፂ ÝR9ߡۥ:. 7.
(97) ಃѤ! ಃѤ! ࣴزज़ڋȱ ࣴزज़ڋ ! ൶ý
(98) ܅ᆵ À,-9 !"#$
(99) ߢ qe[༼ࠎ23ᔆ+&'():ê࠹ૻÛÑ[ãԺ+äԺ7ી¨?ො። چ9FÓêࠫૻڼWXkࣔ:. ǵࣴزขᗺБय़! ࣴزขᗺБय़! ൶ý,- !"#$༼ࠎ23ᔆ+&'()ຝ¨ ௫+ !"#$qe+ڃᚨڼeૻࠫZ:. ΒǵࣴୖزᆶޣБय़! ࣴୖزᆶޣБय़! ಾF*f
(100) ၦjቃ٣
(101) ¤\ ࠹ૻ %89ùᣋᣋù89 vw[ᇭᤩᒤH: ; ; 89¥ᙇ࠷Ô૿ಾF
(102) àࠠùᣋ89 :¤ഗچٺxฆWY %षچç[êై[ %ඒߛ# ¹[
(103) +
(104) oÝvwT࣠ÛᏁQ*ᘝၦ:ڼ؆ەᐞ
(105) ߢሒԺ+
(106) ႛಾFᆇႼՕఄe89¥¨?+Àה 9,- !RSê?¨ڼM۟,-FÀהᐋ&'()+23 45:. ΟǵࣴزӦБय़! ࣴزӦБय़! ê࠹ૻÛÑ[ãԺ+äԺ7ી¨?ො።چ9FÓ *ৠࣟᗼਬၢ 19 FߏمᆇႼՕఄ9À %e89¥:. 8.
(107) ȱ . eg\TäÁÑoç¬eÁx´µ: |}Z±ÒL9 ãÑ&'A[=ipãq[¹[
(108) B[qers otL9LÒL@ñeZ±ua±åê; vFõ+ XÔeîP:¤vw
(109)
(110) ÒL. À !&'()9 !Û,-|}2345 ?±ýNew\.
(111) [ !&'()+ !$2345:. ʳ ʳ !"ȱ !". ; ; ;wNF ùZ9Qmnx±ý*ÎÏ FùR+Q ]+¬A±ýÇHc¥F
(112) ùZM?Á+^¾
(113) F
(114) ÒL¾5x@qýM:. *+ *+. ?RmnXx¥*ÆLM9/¹±ý: g\/¹}M  ßZ±wűű*yz[{|}Aã~å' Ö; Z78&g# Ætr9 ßt&'ZãC-./2003ð 2003J : ãp George P. Murdock F ?R>wegye \Z± Æ Ð[ü+toXg\åC6 2003J :ñ]^g\Tä $U9Täx em [o [ [î oÆpi F ?R4Åm $ King 9 McMasterC2000JN 8LyzAcgye U/c. UÆX»ñyñÖ;Ñk|¼AC6 Wasik 2004J :üwXÔ¥LMN ?Rewcyz[{|}A 9.
(115) ~ñå UÖ;Z7Å'¤Ö;Ñü[t 9 ß: ñ FenQ Âg\.5ƹg\$ '«"g\Q¤ ]g\ i9Qx9TyÆ FPÉ*C`ý02002J :¶Ç C1996Jß Ï .5QY ¡[¢£[I[t[[R¤oVW¥P¦\ãqÒL 9§?[tr+
(116) B[^ó[+g\"#o:wP Q 9&'A£¤95 |}tr¨9¡³åyg\ =g\Áδµ1Cò2008J : $9&'Áe¼Â,- éÂ.5tr:  U ÆpñÀ©ª\]ÔeùZUV8 ?+Ò ]^¥ÆF ùZ ^ñ7*Xd«w: C2004JN pe Tä[ g'ç[ %¹9ºâ[,- [ ÚÛ+Ao:` 0C2006Jye 'Y\,¹[ r'[ ÚÛ[A[ [ g'çode: ñÇH1¥Copq2006ðrst2006ðuvt2007JyeZ[
(117) B i[ h_WY 89[ + ÚÛ:1¥ye. ¬ g'ç[,-#¹[¹[ºâ[AcZ [ %|} ¼iooCG2008ðò2008J : ; ; ñBZ辰ý .5\] g'ç[ Tä[. ÚÛ[A[ %¹9ºâ[ ¼i9 89+
(118) o:1¨MÂSäXde¨S®&'de]Û]'PXÔeÒ L: g'ç[äX¨+ ÚÛ[A¯XoêùFõ+î P¤
(119) ÒL9
(120) °´PCWasik2004J ê;N¬A
(121) ùZ+F
(122) BÒL¾5x:. 10.
(123) , , ÂÁx´µ1STj ´µ°Z±¾5: `abC1997Jye $ÛÛ±±9,-[²³´µÀg ã&' «)
(124) r'tT#$¶·!Û@^ó«)ß«[ ^¸1«)!|}DE
(125) :
(126) bÂZ± ¹º»Ñ !|}¦\,- !¼9¹[ !+½Ò
(127) ¡¢ǾǾoCuvt2007J:¥ !ÇHc8
(128) 8 ÛÒÀF
(129) &?8Ækg ?UVWXY .Ç
(130) ¾U\CThe Family Literacy commissionJ</ MorrowC1995JM ?N
(131) yeÂ
(132) r'@¿,-[ÂÀg U $g @$³/^1r'° y'Àõ@tr$àÁã9 ÆuZ1 R:1R\STíK ¯ Ö;=?ÂóùÂ=5ì0 1ÃÄ:¬ÂSTG Ýj=?9,-9õ@tr$@q1r' Û
(133) ¿,-x ÒxÒtC6 Wasik2004J : De BarysheC2000Jéye
(134) DÅêùF
(135) BÒLd¾51. !±²
(136) r' 4.9gã Æ89. ÆÇ
(137) È# 2.=>Àgã
(138) r' 3. !+lr' 5. U9. Æ89 r'Û745C6. Wasik2004J :gyeDÅ
(139) r'$ÉL
(140) ©ª9 DEtr: ñ TreleaseC2002Jye
(141) ¤ !ãÛºîÊ
(142) ¤Mû1@ AcdÛî\ !C6 ¹º»2006ü 1J:TreleaseC2002Jye1 Ë*XC6 ¹º»2006ü 18JY ÌÍ?ºÝ¼; ; !¥@Ý %Τ !à !ë_ÏÅûÈ\\Ð ÑÒ[ÓÔÕ[Öä×ÑÕmØFÙo: ÚÍ $]Þó!ä; ;. $ûÈ[ÛÕ[ÜÝ[ÞKo]ÛÕõ@tr$|}!¥³/ð 11.
(143) ßK $!ä¯þàg ![î¯ø: áÍâiÝ[ã}³/; » äåÛîÂg» F lt#Ûæ±#\´³ ÒLKKl¡¢: çÍã\½Ò !j¡¢; ; ,-þ*¾9 !ÛðOè.3û+ÖéûÈN kÝPX}ê¯Üë $z'ÔoÔ)*6ÒF ! t¡¢: ¥`abC1997JéßìX
(144) íi*XY1.Ë DE!È# $]ÐîXc!È#|} w./: FÆ ýdðOÆýdñüûÈ[G[ïoPûÈð° wJ ðXcñòóÝ[ã[ãôãoûÈ#:2. &'$tQx! $!FÂùR[ÆÇ[ yõAtr$ê; ã] ©./$ l9ýMFtQx[/!:3.. Ñã¯&'9 ã&'
(145) Û]^ ã¸[kz[{|967 ³ÆÇû$
(146) B+yÐ
(147) BF !¡¢ðñ,-9&' qeP !¯X:WYÒ*[þ*¾[ëxFG[67)ýMj trëTo¨S$P^õ+
(148) : ¬ÇHc¥+¥ööF
(149) |M?cÇH¥êÆ Ôn9F
(150) ?R+$ 忯M?9&?:Ç H.5¿æe ![ !+
(151) op$ 忤¥ ÷
(152) 8+FgÀåæô åæ+Ò;p$ åæ ô åæe fHome Literacy environmentj:eêøùêc½å=Ñ67 ¥ F ![ !+
(153) 8@qaL;.
(154) ùZ¬A:. 12.
(155) CZJ !8; 2-1 !8Zú ¥. . HZ ye,-|}!È#967+þᚐ !*xº
(156) ,-g 'ç[ !È#+,- !ß7Ôe± ý !:. ` 0 C2006J. ±ýÅçZï9Åå ÒLûü !8 yz[[ !qe [ !+ý RS ÇÑt !¹[. !+ !L [A¥ÑA ±ýÆ !F
(157) BL [
(158) ì +!2[P eᛵ ÇÑ
(159) ్t. !RS. rst C2006J. ±ýฝ ا ! . ],- !¼[ !&'[,- ºâ[ !obÔe:. `cÈûೝ9Ç Èûೝ ! 9
(160) [_ #}Y¥aL:. pe % !¼9¹[ !r'+. !«:. `ú, C2003J. -./ C2003J C2004J. uvt C2007J. !\,- !¼[,- ºâ[ !&'+ !de \]ຌ࿏å«+ !R9ÚÛÀN. !pep:1. !r'Y \ ![ % !ß7o2. j 3. % !¹j¼: ],- !¼[ !&'+ !oen:. aLw ?F !Z[HI+Ò* !e¾ 8.5ye
(161) \] |}
(162) [ !r'[,FÚ !¹+,- !¼obÅde:. CsJ
(163) 8; ; ; *
(164) eHIᇬ8 ?Ò)¥*f
(165) jæࡅfHome Literacy environmentj :¥N8 ?፹WX 2-2Q* ýM:. 13.
(166) 2-2
(167) 8Zú ¥ ¶ᖆ࣑ C2004J. e $jÇѸ్
(168) [ !qe9óÑ8 x. HZ N
(169) ?ReÀÑ
(170) &'¬ൎ` $ !r'cZ ±ñ91|}[ÚÛຟÂ
(171) \]ë_àyeFÚ9ãmÔ ùZ&'T#$ÂÑÃ tངr':. ᤕÙࢣ C2008J G C2008J ò C2008J. 8:ÇH¥G~C2006JF
(172) M?9?Rd ,-F
(173) ¹[,-F
(174) |}®¯ {|[
(175) È#[
(176) r'obÔe ±ý
(177) ùR:. #}Y¥aL:. ¶ᖆ࣑ mR/¹?R
(178) ñÀg*
(179) e.¾ ¥é Æ/¹üUV
(180) ùZ:ᤕÙࢣC2008J [GC2008J 9òC2008Jãd8:ÇH¥G~C2006JF
(181) M?9 ?Rd ,-F
(182) ¹[,-F
(183) |}®¯{|[.
(184) È#[
(185) r'obÔe±ý
(186) ùR: ¶ᖆ࣑F
(187) ษ5&?ᤕÙࢣC2008J[GC2008J9ò C2008Jã8:¥G~ᒳ፹
(188) ?RÒ
(189) Z[ $@q
(190) r' |}
(191) [,-F
(192) ¹+
(193) Û®¯|}{|:. CJ !8; ?+Ò* !e±ý.¾ºעM b५આC2004J+Ü ࢣÞC2007J:५આC2004J±ጊ !Ꮍᡶt9ཏຏtÅ¥ !હན 14.
(194) êùÑ67Ûß !\],- !¼9=[ !r '[ËÌ+ !È#È: ÜࢣÞC2007J*!µÒ=± 3 ᄣ+À !()À TAÒ !\] U|}ךየ
(195) B9 l[|}Xc
(196) B ©\99&'T#$¾ùRᄮຏñÛeë
(197) ì9ûe[ôõ:ªcFৱ
(198) ¹Â\I9´V±ÑÑ ! ¥+¥]Ûþᚐ: üw¥F
(199) &?Ò
(200) &?êÔn9 dF
(201) Æde¬A±ý:ñ8:ÇH¥G~C2006J N
(202) &?eÂß %+ U|}
(203) ÒLXcd ,-F
(204) ¹[,-F
(205) |}®¯{|[
(206) [
(207) r'ode¬A±ýÀXdeHIWXC6 G2008J: ;. CZJ,-F
(208) ¹; ;. ; ; ß,-F
(209) [[û[[ !M?+¾#¹: ;. CsJ,-F
(210) |}®¯{|;. ; ; 9,-¾
(211) [Û|}
(212) 8r'®¯{|*
(213) [| j67 !û¡¢:,-|}
(214) Br'\
(215) FG[ þ*¾[ !+ !$@qFGo®¯ൻ(: ;. CJ
(216) ;. $@q[k[![r'ຌ࿏å¼i
(217) äX. 9:࿏å¼(e@q
(218) r'1WYûࢪ[û/[ûோ)è
(219) ຌxù ȼiWYû3[ຌxùÈeO13[VCD DVD[ûÈ[ÜÝ[ÛÕ[ûÈ #o:1
(220) w[ÔÁ]ù³/: ;. CbJ
(221) r';. ; ; UÑ@q./[k[![o lQr' æe
(222) r':WY塊ோFG[Mሽ[mᐾ[ !ûÈ[Â[ׂ û[8=.໑äor':. 15.
(223) ./012345 ,- $
(224) F^±P[e
(225) F
(226) BÒLiþ1¾5x;«Nd F,-F
(227) ¹[,-F
(228) |}®¯{|[
(229) +
(230) r'ob« @q±ý: ;. CZJ,-F
(231) ¹; ,- ã $ë¥9ᄒ(,-F
(232) B¹\P. F
(233) !¹C¹º»2006J:¶·¸C2002J*ÇÑD ్e89¥ß %Újºâ+ !ÚÛj¼FÚ ! L [^8ñାዊ࣑C1994Jye9,- $Z±#
(234) ÚÛ9 !¼ÛÚ !¼+ e¡¢ñ !ሐL;Û,ÁeÚ !ᄒ(C2004Jéye,-ðO#ë9ᑌF !2[+
(235) ì[ÒL«e®þᚐ/: ªcC2004Jò FØjؑcd 315 çDᄣ @qÆ.
(236) F
(237) BL [
(238) ì+!2[PÒ9,-F ºâ
(239) \P,-#
(240) êù:9 %F
(241) ºâ= ?Û´³ %क़ÛÑáâ@q !r'
(242) r'à# !¹³ᑨฝᚈ$P !¹:ñuvtC2007Jye %ؘí *6éã!# !¹³ yR$^ó lQ©ª½Ò !¡¢:9 %ë !r'ณÏN\½Ò(ُî y'ÒL
(243) r': òC2008Jò FÅçሀÇ{|ûೝ
(244) *±ூÔ)¬Aֺ
(245) 9
(246) #
(247) 67ÀÒ
(248) ,-F
(249) ¹K %\ù|ì*«n¹ ® !¼+®( !r'
(250) [+# ! ¼:ñuvtC2007JéֺሀÇ{|ûೝ 9Ç
(251) 9
(252) [67TAÒÇHMሀÇ{|ûೝ 9Ç
(253) 16.
(254) #¹$$X#¹:¬A 1
(255) $X#¹ ,- ! ¼+¹9
(256) ì[8xÒ,- !¼9
(257) ì [«8: wwÒ,-F
(258) ¹\],- !¼[ !¹+ Fºâ\PF
(259) ¹:ñ,-ؓÛK*6éõ@tr$ @ !¾
(260) |}(ë³ۘᛖ$ ! ¼F
(261) ÃA:,-FÚ
(262) ¹K¨?«n| }Ú#R£{|9 !¼?
(263) \R !'©9 ᐥâ: ; ; CsJ,-F
(264) |}®¯{|; 9,-¾
(265) [Û\|}
(266) 8r'®¯{|*
(267) [| j67 !û¡¢:,-|}
(268) Br'\
(269) F G[þ*¾[. !+. !$@qFGo®¯ൻ(CG2008J:ª. c\],-F
(270) r'[{|9þᚐ+®¯89r' Cò2008J : Strobel 9 EvamsC1988Jß9,-ആû$HIðT#$Ö;Ñ ¼£³F !Ë٤£9,-ðO¤Ñt«nR£ëᢀ³Ú F !£༭C6 ାዊ࣑1994J:4¥,-9Ú. !T#$³. Ú y'û
(271) BTä+
(272) [«wÔ)WY l !Ôn£ᤚ ûe
(273) Bi[
(274) Ú+xXoCuë¡1992ðାዊ࣑1994ðuvt2007J : ,-9&'T#$`ú,C2002J*±ூÔ) Æ
(275) 9 !qeý:Ò
(276) ø !qe ø:,-67 !T#K<_&'x
(277) 6745àñÛ्?9 þᚐ³ !T#$@ Â9½Ò !£¢:ªc !&'$,-Kú£[የf¯'&
(278) ޣ᙮¯ :
(279) [ÒLCG2008J ñ,-®¯89
(280) r'ÔeöÕෲC2004J9òC2008Jd F ሀÇ{|ûೝ
(281) h_+
(282) h_¬A±ýÒ,-F 17.
(283)
(284) 89#¹P9,-89#¹¯
(285)
(286) h_¯ø:ò C2008J$Ò,-*.'89 !
(287) r'459Út ~GHI
(288) Bì[:ñ
(289) ,-bs Â</dڻ45Ô)WYß[ࡎחo¨?~lნÇ+: Ô®ᢞ$M9,-
(290) $K 89
(291) r ' !+
(292) ìÔe
(293) B[:,-K&'T#$*þᚐ[» )xFGHIßlნ[+DEx:ñ,-
(294) T#$K¨?úᔲ'ᤚ>9Ûh_b*ß[ࡎחd'&ڻÔ)9 @q ! Àg
(295) r'
(296) [¨?@
(297) [: ; ; CJ
(298) ; ; ; ÇH¥9¥C`ab1993ðuë¡[G¢2001𣤥9¦§¨ ©2001ðG2008ðò2008JyÆ $|}[k[![r'ຌ ࿏å¼i
(299) äX9:࿏å¼(e@q
(300) r'1 WYûࢪ[û/[ûோ)è
(301) ຌxùȼiWYû3ຌxùÈeûÈ[Ü Ý[ÛÕ[ûÈ#o1
(302) K w[ÔÁ]ù³/Nß F
(303) µÒ: ,- $|}01
(304) NelsonC1996JF
(305) |}*Xãᤜ 1.JðñüûÈ³Ú yR$«)
(306) r'$à $ DEàᑌ !È#³Ú£ᤚ !ÂÁ
(307) r': 2.û$HI9trTü³Mû$/9Rw9 tr ýx: 3.JðûÈ !ÛÝRw.¾ÂL ë_kgýJ!w ÂᓤÛHI³ l9ýx$VWL l9©ªC6 :. Wasik2004J ÇHାዊ࣑C1994J*ÏeFÓÒ $៲û+[ÝO13Ç+ ´µ l©\oÔe9yló^67:`ú,C2002J* ±ூÔ)Ï $
(308) ÆᑌÒ $ËûÈ+F 18.
(309) !qe´@9ࠨ½/ñûÈcpᑌ*|}ÆÛºÆJ ð³ ᇙֺ
(310) !:ངGk´µ¯
(311) F
(312) ß: Hasting 9 LinC1990JÒ $ !È#_óÁx\PÚ!ÒLC6. ାዊ࣑1994J:ñ`abC1997J| $]ÐîXc!È#|} w./: FÆýdðOÆýdñüûÈ[G[ïoP ûÈð° wJðXcñòóÝ[ã[ãôãoûÈ#³ ]Û]'ÒL
(313) ©ª:òC2008Jֺ
(314) 9
(315) Å çሀÇ{|ûೝÒ9 $
(316) DE]ù_/È#F
(317) r'´@.'©\:¹º»C2006Jye
(318) $] ÛຟÒt $
(319) 1k¨ᛥᕻõᖟ[ோ8U¾ l[ᢐ᧾kzlᑌooຟeÚ !}: ; ; ÇHcF
(320) UV$Ò9 |}DE[ w ஞ_´µ
(321) ¶·ᑌxùÈ+տ
(322) BðQ,-û üXၸÒ
(323) BÒL|}ñüຌ࿏åNOñ
(324) B©\: ; ; CbJ
(325) r'; ; ;
(326) r'Âß UÑ@q./[k[![o lQr'æe
(327) r':WY塊ோFG[Mሽ[mᐾ[ ! ûÈ[Â[ׂû[8=.໑äor': ÇH8$Ç¥yÆ᙮
(328) r'´@
(329) 9
(330) BÒL:C2004Jye9
(331) r'¯᙮´µࠨ½Á¥ P
(332) ì[ÒL:WYkÝð[Z7ï[न lÉ Êo:ᑌxr'ี
(333) N´@
(334) ì[ÒL: ñ`ú,C2002J*±ூÔ)`cdbç $
(335) TA Ò %3û[ݝû墻o'@F !¡¢Áà %K <_*þ&'x
(336) !ß745]Ûè.9ò³ ! "#$ !£¢éb !¡¢|
(337) !qeø: 19.
(338) ሀÇ{|ûೝ
(339) $ustC2007J FcÈûೝ
(340) F
(341) [Ò9 |}
(342) r'¯F l©ª ã!+
(343) ì[:ªcòC2008JÒ9
(344) r'¥ᑌx DE9 ãÑF.¾Àڻ³9Æã´µ9t³ST ÷F$Qtr9´@
(345) B쬹9m¹: ÇH®ᢞ$UV ᙮DE
(346) r'ᤖZ
(347) B³§? l©ª+´@
(348) ìôõ9tr:;. 20.
(349) #$%&' ()ȱ #$%&' ()
(350) $ U\ Æ@q[k[![./ lQ
(351) r'WY塊ோFG[Mሽ[mᐾ[ !ûÈ[Â[ׂû[ 8=.໑äor': . !T#$,-W9@q. !ê;¥;wdýM*X±«1. !ùZ 2. !¾5x 3. !&'()áw;« ?±ý¬A ,- !"# $ÒL&'():. ¯2626. ! $®(Zc
(352) r'ÂBÂ,-9. ![ íÔæef. !j:. !T#$ÂmÔ. ÆZ7 . Æ.'89b. Ï,-ªÝð.'ªÝð,-gf¥9À&' $የfk1ºৱºâ:¦ÕHC2008Jye !ùZ*XbÅHZY; ; ;. CZJ !ÂZcૠKx !; ,-ؘí yzÒL+6ÒL+¬A ' ![+¡¢+. ૠKxeਗJñü!ä: ;. CsJ,- !¥; ,-5eZ±# !|}༭DE !ÂZt. !ૠ§2¥¥: ;. CJ !Â&') !; !ÂZc9:ᒳ !Â&' ]^ .[| @. q !Û&'Ô)ñÛ': ; ; CbJ !¬¹ !; !T#$\ኬኬ9:[/ ìlნk M? jgã w !&'ýM|
(353) ì[: ; ; ñ¥ !8 ?+Cæaç2000ð५ᡯ⪌2003ð֞U2005𠦨t2005ðGৎܩ2006JÒ !ùZUVe*XpY 21.
(354) ;. CZJR£x; ; ; . !T#$,-9
(355) B&'+R£tàÂÁ [Á yÂÁ. :,-Âtࡎ$รZ±àÂÁ¾5۔ஃ,-. !$*6Y. »L×x9VwûႚᎠðOü·ࠨ½[8'
(356) Bà&' T#$t¼klACGৎܩ2006J : 99,-#AZ؟SÑîwᨋ&'9®XýM ³ yއÒRNØÙ£ᤚൎË٤£@ñò«n ãqX: ;. CsJzÐx9ÒLx; Gª.yeC2001J,- !$@FkG^û9vwû$. äåx9trRw8&'Â@
(357) BÒLÁøÔ?C6. Gৎܩ2006J:æaçC2000Jéye. !ൎF lyz[
(358) ნ. @[ì[ÒLÔST !¬@
(359) BÒL[c¦ó äååæ[ ÑêAA+Wngãvw: ªc9,-NDEãt+tr9KûTet'
(360) B³ ûü>i4/Æ&'Ô)³''ᆰ9:_ܮÆ §?9:9 ެ*¾[C५ᡯ⪌2003J :. CJඔÒx; !NࢼÓ lฤÔóå³ó !Û\.=[9×[ eûû !9Ë=ౕፎ+9N\Rଆ;ᎈÒ ¨ᒡ×[: üwÒ. !Âß,-gf¥ñÛûü !¡¢Z7༭. @q !r' !T#$,-gf¥5T¹ᚘ?=ލþᚐ =? ñ¹`a9ýM9&'Ô)³mÔ !£¢@ñ§?
(361) B+ ! ÒL:,-ÒLၸÒ۾89¾5'ç^å൸༺܌K ֛|Θܠዿò BYfKû¥jí¥¾5Á¾5Âf9. !,-:j $åy. 4# ¯K¨?wáâ%,-Fû$HI£'9å\4w, -9 !ÛÑR£tà9
(362) B é4#¯ຟ¨?³ 22.
(363) £':. ¯2345 2345 ÇHc ?Ç !F
(364) BÒLßÐ;«N±ý !F
(365) BÒLP*X F !F
(366) BÒLPbde kz: ;. CZJ
(367) ნ9 !L [@;
(368) ნF
(369) BÒLÂʾ5êe
(370) ნA^ !âi. ¹. !|},-Z±7
(371) ნ©\lნC¦¨t. 2005J: !T#$*Z1ᓤÛlნ1lნ*+ !\ ࡻÛgî*ᙃy1lნàᛵ ÀùR:æaçC2000J ! Kû"#$òß !T#$&'$K Æྡྷ³Ê'ݶ
(372) ნ@F
(373) ნL :êe
(374) ნ"#Â>ê
(375) ნÒ1ᒳᒘ +)@PᖋᇙoXڻሖÆᑌ
(376) ნ\kᘸÝÏ+ jׂᒵ²P ᖋ$ჼ}M
(377) ნזùR´^ê
(378) ნùRjÒ1TüÁ+4)Pᖋ $k;Ô)Pᖋ$Á\ี¯}¯
(379) ნ: ñ ÇHcóz৳x+@x. !@
(380) ნ. [De Temple + TaborsC1996J ─ீ
(381) B+!ÒL$e !9
(382) BÒLýxò F 62 F-9 !@q᜕ Ò 3.5 ᄣ !9 5 ᄣÛ
(383) BÒL+
(384) B[AÉ Ê9ÑZÛ !ý:Dodici,Draperr 9 PetersonC2003J,-9 14[24 + 36 ±ִ'&'Ò,-9#
(385) &'A9´xl ნ[^A:Boyce, Cook, Roggman, Innocenti, Jump 9 AkersC2004J F 47 çg۫e׃ᇔ- !qeFÀ 3 ᄣ
(386) BÒLP@qÒ -³/ܮ6ïùC$ÝHIýM*ÁyÐlნ) ³/ᓤÛ!45:. 23.
(387) Whitehurst, Falco, Lonigan, Fischel, De Baryshe 9 Valdez-Menchacat C1988J[ Senechal, Pagan 9 LeverC2008J+ Smith 9 LandryC2008J®ᢞÒ !Û@\*»)x*¾j~Lþ,-. !$³/
(388) dڻ. !4. 5À
(389) ნì+ !L [ì:Hargrave 9 SenechalC2000J* 3 6 ᄣ
(390) Blნ&e89¥Ädஃ+,- Æ89 !Ò Kû$ólნà
(391) ნ[| C6 ö÷W[Gø2006J: ܩC2006J !"#$&'qeF ![PÒ,- !&'()K*
(392) dڻ67Ô)9&'WY9ýMÝêAAÄ ᏣRoÔ) !Û ÝHI: ÇHÔe¥½ ຬì F*. !Ô)d@q8. ÀTAÒ !F
(393) ნ[| ÃA#:¿ ÀC2004JZç 5 ᄣ
(394) BÒLûü®( ! 3 ±ִ+Ò !Fᇠ
(395) BL +
(396) ìຟÁ:ñÜྰርC2007J F 7 çÏ6Ꮍᡶ+À %®'ച q !!
(397) BᄮຏÔூÀÒÔூF6Ꮍ
(398) BÒL
(399) ì+lნÇ^Q: wwýMÒ. !MÂZï«@
(400) ნ[ . ![Ôeß:,- !&'Ô)K*»)x*¾~F GHI¬@
(401) ნ[:. CsJ@
(402) «w[;
(403) «w[F}kž5
(404) B[ê
(405) «w[9Àõ +ÒL ![:SnowC1983J+ö÷W9GøC2006Jye@9,- !§?FÝTä[./[ÝêAA+ÛÑႉ ݧjå\ေÝ/£:\ 1$\ÒLZ±uajêø±ã ဠäÝw«kÂkÝÔ)ìH=?@ñÒL
(406) «w [+ ![:SenechalC1997JQஞ'3ᄣj4ᄣÒแj9,!ZûìjL
(407) ნC6 ¿ À2004J: Çc¥Beals 9De TempleC1992JÒ !Û\~Lþ5ޣ «w÷[þᚐM ^-9\~Lþ5«ޣw÷[ 24.
(408) þᚐM ^-8ֺÏ¥ !«wÝ+¥}óDE:Haden, Reese9 FivushC1996J¬ÒK-. !Û@«nþᚐì=?[9ý. MÝRwëTtrõ+ !«kÝ$ìH£
(409) ნ\:ªc Ò !&'$-³/ÔÛÔ 'G
(410) Cnon-immediate talkJÈWYÄFí$Ý@qRw[ ^ Ý+ýTtro9õ+Â. !«k[¬8. CSnow,1983ðBeal & De Temple,1992ðDe Temple & Tabors ,1994ðDe Temple ,2001ð Curenton ,Craig, Flanigan ,2008 J : Ô Û Ô ' G
(411) Â c ౧
(412) B ô õ Cdecontextualized language skillJÀùßkG¥kᔾ9XRìS T9ÛR$ä@qࢼÓ9::Å
(413) Bôõ9}آ !+[ÄÄ8 CSnow1983ðBeal ,De Temple ,Tabors ,& Snow1991ðDe Temple,2001ðö÷W 2002ðCurenton, Craig, Flanigan, 2008J: w$Ò !ÁÆ
(414) ì«wÔ)֠ÀÂ9,-ë TtrSTÝHIR9ýM~FGHIõ +
(415) BÒL;c9,-&'L R
(416) B©\ÆÛÁ ÒLÝRw©ª: ;. CJ!µÒ; !8$ÒST !Á û©ªû. lQj l9K@do:Kᖕ Snow j NinioC1986J !Û ³µÒ©ª\] 1.ûÆÀgä¯Â/} !ñ/}پনð2. !Û9ã. ÆïùྡྷؘíÂûð3.û$ׂÂÓฤÔ. ä¯6ð4.û$ׂ*/}ࡎåð5.û$ׂyÂs¤Â*'זj Òtð6.û$ÒtÛÑÆª®ÛÑð7.û$%& ! .%& ƪ®%&C6 ö÷W9Gø2006J: ;cST !ÁÒ lఽÁᛵ lÂÓฤ ÔÆK:w;z9ã !ûÛóÂÊÆõ@ FG1Nᛵ ᘯ ࠧٱljó!©ª:¥ Bus 9 Van IjzendoornC1995JîòÒ¯X%ºà|ì !ì[à 25.
(417) ߯ !67Ô)\P
(418) B[ÒL:ªcgÒ¯᙮ ! ڻÇ ûe
(419) B9k67+/ຜÉÊÂõ+ !î: ªcዧtC2004J*cd'eeFÓ®( !Ò !q eVW !$VWµÒàPñDE !qe: !κ b.'úûMû$HI¨9Àg8ýT+º\.'ஞ7 û*DEP]^Kû:Curenton[Craig 9FlaniganC2008J33F-./ ÔÛÔ'G
(420) ôõ9. !KûÒ-³/¯ÔÛÔ'G
(421) ô. õ¯´@!µÒ©ª:9,-@x9 !Kû\VW l9KÑ67
(422) + lÑ67ð !ºÑ,-67 ôõ¬´³!µÒ©ª: CbJ@ !¡¢; ¬wXp
(423) B[| c२}ÒST !F !¡¢+[ý:Deckner, Adamson 9 BakemanC2006J%º 55 F-9 !RSC 18 ±ִ'» =>PO 42 ±ִ'JF
(424) BÒL PÀTAÒ 27 ±ִ'F !¡¢@:9ý%+C30~42 ±'ÛJFolzÐ+ l©ª@Ï:;cChang,Cheung 9 Chow C2008J* !Ô),-9 !¼À !\P õ+ !¡¢+
(425) BÒLÑST !b»ඔ
(426) BÒL¦ඔ ૭xº !qe+À !: ªc¥ Sonneschein 9 MunstermanC2002J* 5 ᄣeFÓ* e . !r'F![ÒLPÀTAÒKûHI. !&'. $./
(427) BÂõ@tr$Á@³/Zc
(428) ნñ 5 ᄣ@ê9,- ! Ï![z|
(429) ê9,- !tR£@ñPF !' ©C6 ¿ À2004J:Ortiz, Stowe 9 ArnoldC2004JéÂ*cေ+Ô)ေ۷ 25 F,-9 !ÂP| !¡¢àN 25 Fe®~9 ൳Æ~8&Fg®"b±ਣº+TAÒ9 !᙮Ä9ڻÇ¯Û !¡¢\| :. 26.
(430) ¥ÒÇH8ÔeCuࠕྰ2004ð֞U2005ð५ᡯ⪌2003ðዧ t2004ð2004J¬ !¯᙮
相關文件
The difference resulted from the co- existence of two kinds of words in Buddhist scriptures a foreign words in which di- syllabic words are dominant, and most of them are the
Prize-presentation Ceremony cum Sharing Sessions of the Junior Secondary History e-Reading Award Scheme 2019 and Highlights of learning & teaching strategies in History
Prize-presentation Ceremony cum Sharing Sessions of the Junior Secondary History e-Reading Award Scheme 2019 and Highlights of learning & teaching strategies in History
Making use of the Learning Progression Framework (LPF) for Reading in the design of post- reading activities to help students develop reading skills and strategies that support their
Prize-presentation Ceremony cum Sharing Sessions of the Junior Secondary History e-Reading Award Scheme 2019 and Highlights of learning & teaching strategies in History
Master Taixu has always thought of Buddhist arts as important, the need to protect Buddhist arts, and using different forms of method to propagate the Buddha's teachings.. However,
Prize-presentation Ceremony cum Sharing Sessions of the Junior Secondary History e-Reading Award Scheme 2019 and Highlights of learning & teaching strategies in History
Continue to serve as statements of curriculum intentions setting out more precisely student achievement as a result of the curriculum.