غҜᆸୖᆶᐒᆶЎϯᇡӕϐࣴز
ɡаᆵύѱՋЂࢌޗࣁٯ
လߘપ/୯ҥᆵᡏػεᏢȐᆵύȑᡏػᆸᗂᏢسᅺγ ࣴزғ
ᄔा
ҁࣴزЬाࢂଞჹᆵύѱࢌޗۓۚ҇غҜᆸୖᆶᐒᆶЎϯᇡӕՉ ࣴزǶغҜᆸྍܭύܿӦǴ߈ԃٰᅌܭᆵஙଆǴჹܭغҜᆸ३ᢛ܄གޑᆸ ǵऩᗦऩޑܺးࠠǴӧᆵߥӺޑޗύǴӭζ܄໒ۈୖᆶᏢಞǹ ќѦǴࣴزޣҁيவ٣غҜᆸϐ௲ᏢǴࣁΑ٬௲Ꮲ׳ቫǴନΑᕕှᏢғୖᆶ غҜᆸޑᐒϐѦǴΨයఈҗҖഁፓϐୖᆶᢀჸᆶೖፋǴΑှᆵޗ ჹܭغҜᆸޑᇡӕำࡋ ᜢᗖຒǺغҜᆸǵᐒǵЎϯᇡӕ൘ǵᆣፕ
ǵࣴزᐒ җܭࣴزޣҁيவ٣غҜᆸ௲ᏢǴӧᆵߥӺޑޗ॥ύǴऀၨࣁమథ ޑغҜᆸૈᅌᅌޑࢬՉǴж߄ᆵᅌޑ໒ۈౢғჹܭغҜᆸޑЎϯᇡӕǴ ӭζ܄ჹܭغҜᆸޑ༟يфਏᖿϐऩ㏫Ǵՠࢂᆵޑت܄ࢂӵՖ࣮ࡑغҜᆸǴࢂ аԖՅޑӀǴҭ܈ࢂᇡӕغҜᆸࣁ᛬ೌᆸᗂǶҞନΑ֝໔ޑᆸᗂޗԖ໒غ ҜᆸޑፐำϐѦǴӧޗεᏢΨᅌᅌࢬՉǴԶᆵΨςԖԋҥΑغҜᆸޑڐ ǴغҜᆸอය໔ِೲޑጲࠁวǴ٬ࣴزޣᒧΑаޗޑغҜᆸ௲Ꮲࣁࣴز ჹຝǶ ߈ԃٰǴᒿਔжޑϷࡘགྷ॥ޑ໒ܫϯǴԖ३ᢛ܄གޑغҜᆸӧᆵ ᅌᅌࢬՉǴόӕܭځдޑᆸᗂǴغҜᆸЬाၮҔᖊϷૅαٰևբǴஒيᡏϩԋӭλҽǴځᆸيᡏόӕܭа۳ᏢಞᆸᗂޑၮҔǴъيᆸ ਔǴΠъيόǹުᆮᆸਔǴᖊόǴӆஒόӕޑيᡏϩख़ཥಔӝǴߚ தமፓଛӝࠩޑࡓǶغҜᆸӧፐግಞਔǴӧဈ໔చဈτǴ ᆸᖊਔǴమૄޑᒲჾ࿘ናᖂᆶॣࠩ࣬ڥᔈǴԶ߄ᄽਔǴΨձஒဈ ޑܺးуаးႬǴЬाаࢬ܈ࢂԖࠟࡋޑނࠔࣁЬǴࢂᅿࡽᎶΚΞԖמѯޑ ᆸᗂǶ ӧӭغҜᆸৎޑոΚϐΠǴᆵӧ߈൳ԃ໒ۈᖐᒤ࣬ᜢޑغҜᆸᗂᝡ ᖻǴ׳ࢴрж߄໗ୖᆶ٥ࢪޑغҜᆸεᖻǴغҜᆸ໒ۈࢬՉӧᆵޑεຉλࡅǴ όҔᆸᗂ୷ᘵǴѝाऀግಞޑဈτǴΓΓёаᆸيᡏǶ᠙ܭغҜᆸޑՉǴ ࣴزޣటᙖҗΑှᏢғୖᆶغҜᆸϐᐒϷЎϯޑᇡӕǴԶ٬ҁيغҜᆸ௲Ꮲ ׳уቚǴ٠Ъ٬εჹܭغҜᆸޑ׳уΑှǴඟ໒غҜᆸޑઓઝय़થǶ ΒǵࣴزҞޑ ਥᏵࣴزᐒǴҁࣴزЬाҞޑԖΒǺ ȐȑغҜᆸᏢಞޣୖᆶغҜᆸϐᐒǶ ȐΒȑغҜᆸᏢಞޣჹܭغҜᆸϐЎϯᇡӕǶ Οǵࣴزୢᚒ ȐȑୖᆶغҜᆸϐᏢಞᐒࣁՖǻ ȐΒȑ҂ୖᆶغҜᆸϐǴჹܭغҜᆸޑགྷݤࣁՖǻ ȐΟȑୖᆶغҜᆸၮǴৎΓޑ࣮ݤࣁՖǻ ȐѤȑᏢಞغҜᆸϐࡕǴঁΓаϷৎΓჹᏢಞغҜᆸޑ࣮ݤࢂցԖׯᡂǻ Ѥǵࣴزጄൎᆶज़ڋ ȐȑҁࣴزӢڙज़ܭਔ໔ǵΚӢનǴჹܭೖፋϷୖᆶᢀჸ҂ૈߚதుΕǴ ܌аҁࣴزࣁ߃Ƕ
ȐΒȑࣴزޣҁيவ٣غҜᆸϐ௲ᏢǴӢҁيჹܭغҜᆸςԖࡽԖޑᇡޕǴҁ ࣴزύǴࣴزޣᅰໆߥύҥǵ࠼ᢀޑᄊࡋٰୖᆶᢀჸǶ
ມǵЎ
ҁࣴزԑӧغҜᆸᐒϷЎϯᇡӕϐࣴزǴᆕӝ࣬ᜢЎుΕޑ ΑှϷǶҁകஒவغҜᆸ࣬ᜢϟಏᆶᄽᡂԶᐒፕᆶЎϯᇡӕϐۓ ကǶ ǵغҜᆸଆྍᆶϟಏ CrystalȐ2005ȑࡰрغҜᆸޑଆྍӦᇥݤόǴԖΓᆀغҜᆸёଓྉԿӑࡋǴ ԖΓᇡࣁغҜᆸଆྍܭষϷǶ࣬ߞغҜᆸࢂҗӓදᖻΓȐΨ൩ࢂӑࡋΓȑӧ ᗅᙯᎂழޑၸำύǴஒдॺޑᆸᗂவӑࡋ۳ՋԾόӕޑӦǺࠄ٥ǵύ٥Կύ ܿډኻࢪǴ۳ܿၹϷύ୯ᜐᛒϷܿࠄ٥Ǵ่ӝӦޑ҇ՅǴᡂϯԋڀԖӅӕ ቻޑόӕᆸᗂǶӑࡋᆸᗂډΑύܿԋΑύܿغҜᆸǶӦΓӢϐٰԾܿБޑ ӑࡋǴЪԖձܭύܿӦ܄ޑ҇߫ᆸᗂǴࡺᆀϐࣁܿБᆸǶ ࡐӭΓჹغҜᆸޑڅހӑຝǴᇡځࣁज़ࣁুت܄ޑᆸᗂǶځჴӧβԸځ ༫კୗࡆ୯ϐǴغҜᆸԶقࢂζ܄ϐ໔ޑᆸᗂǴкᅈΑ۶Ԝགޑᖄᛠ ᆶઔᅽǶ໒ۈࣁӽቴ္ޑے௲܄ᆸᗂǴࡕࣁζηᆫਔޑሺԄ܈ুǴӵғౢ ਔࣁှନౢภǵᜤౢਔζ܄ᒃ϶ޑࣹϐᆸǴ܈ஆᘶζ܄ᒃ϶ࣁཥাޑࣹᅽ Ǵ೭٤ӝ۳۳ࢂتᇯЗޑǶฅԶ೭ኬޑᆸᗂჹت܄ࢂڀԖᇨൽ܄ޑǴӢԜ Ԗ٤ၨԖ༈Κޑت܄Ꭶ܈ᖼວѩᗧբࣁឦᆸޣǴനڀж߄܄ޑᑫਔයವ ၸܭ༫კୗβԸځޑࣤǶኻࢪΓγ࣮ԜᆸᗂޑᆸޣமፓဎǴӢԜᆀϐࣁغҜ ᆸǶฅԶغҜᆸ܌ٰਏ݀ޑόѝࢂ଼يǴԜᆸሡᅰӦޑסԾρޑيᡏϷ܄ གՏǴჹלжζ܄ჹԾρيᡏޑᓸϷᅃຎǴ٬ӭಞᆸޣ໒ۈᔉளݒ፞Ϸ ԾρǴкᅈΑԾߞǶ Βǵᐒۓက ܌ᒏޑᐒх֖ȨϣӧᐒȩᆶȨѦӧᐒȩǴϣӧᐒǴࢂࡰࢌ٤Չࣁޑ ΚࢂঁᡏԾԾวޑǴԶ܌ᒏѦӧᐒǴࢂࡰᕉნύǴڈᐟޑѦӧΚໆߦঁ ᡏޑՉࣁǴҁࣴزஒӚᏢޣჹܭᐒཀကϐ࣮ݤӵΠǺ
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ԃ
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ࡾᑫǵ݅మξȐ1989ȑ ᐒࢂࡰЇଆঁᡏࢲǴᆢςЇଆޑࢲǴ٠Ꮴ٬၀ᅿ ࢲරӛࢌҞޑᅿϣӧᐕำǴӧԜ܌ᒏޑࢲǴࡰ ޑ൩ࢂՉࣁ Graham & Weiner Ȑ1996ȑᐒࢂ٬ϣӧགډᏟวǵૈࡰЇϷᆢՉࣁޑᅿރᄊǶ ෯ᇞᓪǵᒘ३ӵȐ2004ȑ ᐒΏࣁૈЇଆঁᡏՉࣁཀۺǴ٠ૈុ၀Չࣁޑ ᅿЈၮբၸำǶ ၏דࣻ Ȑ2004ȑ ϣӧᐒࢂࡰঁᡏჹπբࢲҁيགډᑫ፪ǴӢࣁ഻၀ πբԶπբǴѦӧᐒࢂࡰࣁΑዛࠔǵᢌ፞ǵߎᒲǵӜ ᖂǵ্܂ᚵᆦѦӧӢનԶπբǶ Small & Gluck Ȑ1994ȑ ᐒёаࣁႣෳঁΓᏢಞԋ൩ޑख़ाࡰ ΟǵЎϯᇡӕޑۓက! ! ȨᇡӕȩςԋࣁжΓӧ൨ԾךаϷӧޗဂᡏύӕύڗ౦ǵ౦ύӕޑ ཥᑫғࢲಔᙃБԄȐؼЎǴ1998ȑǶᇡӕޑჹຝǴёахࡴঁΓǵ܄ձǵԃសǵ ޗǵᅿǵ୯ǴӢԜҁ୯Ўϯᆶ౦୯ЎϯёૈԋࣁᇡӕޑჹຝǴӕਔΨ ёૈࢂόᇡӕޑჹຝǶЎϯᇡӕȐcultural identityȑࢂࡰჹࢌۓЎϯȐ֖ࢬ ՉЎϯȑݒฅᘂ۳ǴᏱԖӳག٠ԖཀଓǵᑼΕᆶቬ፬ޑำࡋǴΨ൩ࢂჹࢌۓ ЎϯޑᇡӕགȐӓǵቅےځǴ2005ȑǶ Ўϯᇡӕ٠όࢂڰۓޑǵҁ፦ޑϸࢀǴԶࢂঁȨᡂԋȩޑၸำǴඤѡ၉ᇥǴ ؒԖ܌ᒏᇡӕޑҁ፦ǴёٮࡩǴ܌ᒏޑЎϯᇡӕΏࢂਥᏵᜪӕᆶৡ౦Զុ ԋޑၸำǶЎϯᇡӕ٠όࢂᅿҁ፦ǴԶਔਔׯᡂǴҗܭڀԖৡ౦ᗺޑᜢ߯Ǵ ځ܌ԋޑᇡӕӭϡЪុቚуȐᛥШֻǴ2004ȑǶӵUsunierȐ1996ȑ ܌ࡰрǴЎϯᇡӕޑၸำԖΒᅿၮբБԄǺࢂ൨ي ҽᇡӕǴϸࢀޑࢂჹ҆୯ЎϯޑӆᇙǴΨ߄ၲۚৎޑఈǹΒࢂ൨౦୯ፓ ȐexoticismȑǴϸࢀޑࢂགྷᚆԾيЎϯޑ״ᑛǴҾკ၂όӕޑሽॶᢀǴఈ ᐕόӕޑғࢲࠠᄊǶ
ୖǵࣴزБݤ
ҁࣴزЬा௦ڗ፦ϯࣴزύޑҖഁፓБݤǴаୖᆶᢀჸǵుࡋೖፋϷЎ ϩБݤǴՉၗޑᇆᆶϩǶаΠϩࣁΟঁҽϩձᇥܴҁࣴز܌௦ڗޑ ࣴزБݤǵၗᇆᆶೀϷೖፋၗޑǶ ǵࣴزБݤ ȐȑୖᆶᢀჸǺ ୖᆶᢀჸݤȐparticipant observationȑཀࣁՉҖഁፓύǴΓॺ܌ ᇥޑ၉ࢂ፦܄ၗޑख़ाٰྍǴคፕдॺ܌ᇥޑǴࢂҗೖፋԶᕇள ޑαᓐၗǴ܈җЎҹϩ܈ፓϸᔈޑਜय़ԄǴฅԶǴךॺૈவ Γॺ܌ᇥޑ၉ύᏢಞډӭϿǴϝԖځज़ڋǶࣁΑкϩᕕှӭნޑፄᚇ ܄ǴޔௗӦୖᆶکჹԖᑫ፪ຝޑᢀჸǴёૈࢂനӳޑࣴزБݤȐֆሺǵ ስᏂǴ1995ȑǶ ȐΒȑుࡋೖፋǺ ܌ᒏుࡋೖፋȐIn-depth Interviewȑӧ፦ϯࣴزύǴ೯தࢂٿঁΓȐԖ ਔхࡴ׳ӭΓȑϐ໔ԖҞޑޑፋ၉ǴҗځύΓȐࣴزޣȑЇᏤǴᇆჹ БȐࣴزჹຝȑޑᇟقၗǴᙖаᕕှࣴزჹຝӵՖှញдॺޑШࣚǶೖ ፋёૈԖٿᅿၮҔޑБԄǴࢂբࣁᇆၗޑЬाౣǴΒࢂଛӝୖᆶ ᢀჸǵЎҹϩǵ܈ځдࣴزמѯǴբࣁᇆၗޑᇶշБԄȐྷถǴ 2001ȑǶ җॊளޕǴᗨฅᢀჸࢂЬाޑБݤϐǴՠࢂவᢀჸύǴךॺёаளޕޑ ၗϝฅԖज़Ǵ܌аନΑୖᆶᢀჸϐѦǴךॺёаၸుࡋޑೖፋǴளډ׳ֹ ޑၗૻǴբ׳ޑΑှǶҁࣴزаᢀჸࣁЬǴೖፋࣁᇶǴڙೖޣаόइᒵӜӷБԄբೖፋǴаߥៈڙ ೖޣǶ Βǵၗᇆᆶೀ Ȑȑೖፋਔ໔ җܭҁࣴزϐࣴزჹຝᆶࣴزޣ܌ӧೀԖ٤ຯᚆǴ܌аࣴزޣᒧӧ ՉୖᆶᢀჸϐࡕՉೖፋǴӧΕୱࡕǴࣁΑᗉխӢೖፋԶቹៜڙೖ ޣϐਔ໔Ǵ܌аࣴزޣܭೖፋջᔕۓೖፋϣǴܭೖፋਔឫᒵॣϷᒵ ቹഢǴ٠җڙೖޣӕཀࡕ໒ۈՉೖፋǶ ȐΒȑೖፋБԄ җܭҁࣴزޑၗᇆ߯аೖፋࣁЬǴҁࣴز܌௦ڗޑೖፋБԄΏࢂ аъ่ᄬԄޑ҅ԄೖፋࣁЬǴߚ่ᄬ܄ޑߚ҅ԄೖፋࣁᇶǶೖፋୢᚒၸ ΟՏৎᏢޣঅ҅ࡕՉ҅ԄೖፋǶ ȐΟȑೖፋϣ ೖፋϣхࡴӵΠǺ 1.ࣁϙሶགྷाᏢಞغҜᆸǻ 2.ᗋؒᏢಞغҜᆸჹܭغҜᆸޑ࣮ݤǻ 3.வব္ளޕޗԖ໒ፐǻ 4.գޑৎΓჹܭգᏢಞغҜᆸԖϙሶ࣮ݤǻ 5.ᏢಞغҜᆸϐࡕԖϙሶׯᡂǻ ȐѤȑೖፋჹຝޑᒧۓ ҁࣴزჹຝǴЬाࢂаޗՐЊԋࣁЬǴεӭԋࣁޗߕ߈ޑৎ ЬǴՠΨԖߕ߈ޑۚ҇ୖᆶǴΓኧεऊϤǵΎΓǴࣣࣁζ܄Ƕ Ȑϖȑೖፋၸำ !2/ႣӃीೖፋୢᚒ !3/җፐԴৣӕཀᢀჸೖፋ !4/ܭፐ่״ϐࡕՉೖፋ !5/ࣴزჹຝࢂҗፐԴৣᙚୖᆶᏢಞਔ໔ၨߏϐᏢғ 5.ܭೖፋၸำύǴ२ӃೖୢႣޑୢᚒǴ٠Ъຎࣴزჹຝϐӣเፓୢᚒ
Οǵೖፋၗ ӧৎుࡋೖፋύ܌ڗளޑၗǴаΠӈٿঁБԄуаǺ ȐȑၗߥӸǺ ৎుࡋೖፋύ܌ڗளޑၗǴࣣࢂख़ाϐغҜᆸ࣬ᜢಃЋၗǴ ӧೖፋ่״ࡕǴஒӚၗϩᜪߥӸǴࣁΑᗉխၗᒪѨ܈ࢂషǴӧೖ ፋࡕջଭஒၗߥӸǶ ȐΒȑၗฦᒵ మཱஒՏೖፋޣޑ࣬ᜢၗᒵǴаߡࡕុၗϩբǶ
စǵ่݀ᆶፕ
ǵغҜᆸୖᆶᐒ җుΕೖፋᆶᢀჸϐࡕǴวҁࣴزϐࣴزჹຝǴغҜᆸޑᏢಞޣЬाஒ غҜᆸຎࣁၮǴ٠ЪࣴزჹຝటճҔغҜᆸٰၲډ෧ޥ༟يޑфਏǴவᆶೖፋ ჹຝፋ၉ύёளޕᏢಞޣޑϣӧᐒନॊаغҜᆸזೲޑަᡏࡓаၲډ༟ يфਏϐѦǴ׳ёவᢀჸᏢಞޣϐ໔ޑჹ၉วǴᏢಞޣϐ໔ޑޗҬϕǴаϷ టᙖҗغҜᆸᏢಞቚуيᡏޑࢲϷԖշܭࣽБय़ϐߥ଼Ǵ܌аϣӧᐒх֖ ଼நᆶᡏૈǵޗҬᆶѦ߄ӢનǶԶѦӧᐒёவԴৣჹᏢಞޣޑᢌऍύᢀჸǴ ፐਔǴԴৣόਔ๏ϒႴᓰᆶᢌऍǴаϷᏢಞޣ༟يԖԋਔǴᒃܻӳ϶໔๏ ϒޑᢌऍǴ׳уமΑځᏢಞϐᐒǶќѦǴவፐၸำύޑҶ৲ਔ໔Ǵࣴزޣᢀ ჸᏢғᆶԴৣޑϕǴவፋ၉໔วǴЬाޑ၉ᚒࣁ༟يᗩޑࠔจаϷԋਏǴԶ ࣴزޣځύԛೖፋਔ໔Ǵᆶᆄϱ٫࣬߈Ǵ܌аፐԴৣΨѕᓲᏢғǴձӢࣁ ᆄϱଷයԶኪ१ǶၸೖፋᆶᢀჸύǴวࣴزჹຝჹܭҁيޑऀǴ܈ࢂբ ޑྗዴࡋǴ٠ؒԖձޑᜢЈǴӧፐޑၸำύǴᏢಞޣࣣߥඍ৹ޑЈǴᏢ ಞޣϐ໔ǵᏢಞޣᆶԴৣϐ໔ࣣߥؼӳޑϕǴፐݗᑼࢳǴҗԜёـǴࣴ زჹຝܻ϶໔ଆᆸǵၮޑזǴ٠ЪၸغҜᆸ೭ঁၮǴ٬೭٤ࣴزჹ ຝҗჴύޑৎЬǵ༰༰ޑيҽಥᚆǴӧغҜᆸޑШࣚԾρǶΒǵغҜᆸޑЎϯᇡӕ ၸᢀჸᆶೖፋύวǴࣴزჹຝӧୖᆶၸำύǴёаၢಥځচԖޑғࢲࠠ ᄊǴᡏᡍ౦୯ЎϯޑࢱᘶǴᙖҗغҜᆸԾךǴεϩࣴزჹຝޑৎΓǴჹܭ ځୖᆶغҜᆸǴࣣ๏ϒЍǴନΑϿϩޑߥӺৎϐѦǴҗܭࢂၨࣁԃߏ ޑߏ፸Ǵ܌аჹܭୖᆶغҜᆸޑऀᆶځަᡏޑࡓၨόૈௗڙǶӧፐำၸำ ύǴӭޑࣴزჹຝஒԾρޑ࠸ηډ௲࠻ǴԶλ࠸ηӧ༰༰ၢᆸޑၸำ ύǴόଶޑӧ௲࠻ύھາǵऀఖǴၸλ࠸ޑύǴჹܭغҜᆸޑЎϯǴ٠ؒ Ԗ௨Ѿ܈ࢂό഻ǴԖޑλ࠸߾ࢂᓉᓉޑ֤ӧǴЈޑ࣮༰༰ᆸǴҗ ೖፋύǴೖፋჹຝගϷӧৎύԖਔၢغҜᆸ๏ৎΓǵ࠸ηݒ፞Ǵ܌аغҜᆸΨ ଆΑৎΓ໔ޑ๎གǴ٬ৎΓ໔׳уکᒋǴԜѦǴႝຎ൞ᡏኘрᜢܭغ Ҝᆸϐ࣬ᜢ߄ᄽǵૻ৲ǴৎΓ໒ۈ੮ཀǴΨ໒ۈགྷाΑှغҜᆸЎϯǴ ႽࢂغҜᆸଆྍǵ॥ᆶܺးࠠǴᄌᄌޑஒغҜᆸᑼΕғࢲύǴೖፋޣ ΨමӭԛϦ໒ޑ߄ᄽغҜᆸǴନΑѠ߄ᄽૈᏢಞޑԋ݀ϐѦǴΨૈቚу ԾךޑԾߞǴԖਔং׳ёаԾρᇙբܺးǴೖፋޣ׆ఈૈԖӭ߄ᄽޑᐒǴ ૈᡣ׳ӭޑ҇ૈݒ፞غҜᆸЎϯǴ٬εৎૈჹغҜᆸԖ׳ుቫޑᇡǶ
Ҵǵ่ፕᆶࡌ
ǵ่ፕ ȐȑغҜᆸୖᆶᐒ 1. ୖᆶغҜᆸϐᐒࣁ༟يǵၮǴԶၲډટ౿ԔጕޑيǶ 2. ୖᆶغҜᆸǴࣴزჹຝёаவԆޑޗفՅύܜᚆǴבғࢲύޑό ඍזǶ 3. ୖᆶغҜᆸ٬ࣴزჹຝӧᆸᗂύפډԾߞǶ 4. ୖᆶغҜᆸ٬ࣴزჹຝܗځޗҬ୮Ƕ ȐΒȑغҜᆸޑЎϯᇡӕ 1. ᆵޗύޑߏ፸ၨόૈௗڙغҜᆸǴ܌аغҜᆸӧᆵϝࡑวǶ 2. غҜᆸԋࣁৎύᖄ๎གޑᐏኺǴᙖҗަᡏޑᆸǴஒၲ๏ৎΓǶ 3. ၸغҜᆸޑᏢಞǴԶ٬ࣴزჹຝ໒ۈᜢЈغҜᆸޑЎϯᆶࢲૻ৲ǶΒǵࡌ җܭҁࣴز୷ܭਔ໔ԵໆǴᒧаᆵύѱՋЂޑޗࣁࣴزჹຝǴ҂ٰё аวஒኬҁᘉεࣁঁᆵǴ࣬ߞჹܭغҜᆸޑวаϷЎϯޑᇡӕǴԖ ޑΑှᆶϩǶ
ख़ाୖԵЎ
ೱℱȐ2003ȑǶغҜᆸޑ॥
Ƕ2007ԃ1Д06ВǴ ڗԾ httpǺ//www.crystaldance.net/index1.htm ೱℱȐ2005ȑǶܿБϐᆸǺ
Raqs SharqiύܿغҜᆸϟಏ
Ƕ2007 ԃ 1 Д 06 ВǴ ڗԾ httpǺ//www.crystaldance.net/index1.htm ᆢ୷ԭࣽȐ2006ȑǶغҜᆸ
Ƕ2007ԃ1Д06ВǴ ڗԾhttpǺ//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9A%E7%9A%AE%E8%88%9E ࡾᑫǵ݅మξȐ1989ȑǶ௲ػЈᏢ
ǶᆵчǺܿǶ ؼЎȐ1998ȑǶᆵ߈ԃٰቶύᇡӕϐࡌᄬ-ှࠔϯޗޑᇡӕᆶኞ ཀ఼ǶཥᆪᏢࣴزǴ
57Ǵ127-157Ƕ ӓǵቅےځȐ2005ȑǶЎϯᇡӕΠ౦୯ຝቶਏ݀ϐаࠖВ॥ዊࣁ ٯǶύξᆅຑፕǴ
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