Bulletin of Educational Psychology

઼̈ጯආ۞छलඕၹăᏐ̢̄જᙯܼăଐჰ

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ώࡁտ۞͹ࢋϫ۞ѣˬĈ˘ăበᚷ˘Њዋϡٺෞณ઼̈ጯආ̝Тጓ̢જᙯܼ۞ณܑĂͽᒢྋ ̙ТّҾᄃѐ৺۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ۞मளଐԛĄ˟ăଣ੅̙ТछलඕၹᄃᏐ̢̄ જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ۞मளଐԛĄˬă࣒ࢎĶ઼̈ጯආଐჰം˧ณܑķĂ֭ଣ ੅ଐჰം˧ܑன̙Т۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ۞मளĄώࡁտͽ 1393 Щ઼̈ጯϠࠎࡁտ ၆෪ĂͽયסአߤڱซҖྤफ़ᄓะĄඕڍ൴னĈ˘ẵϠдϒШТጓᙯܼ۞൴णᐹٺշϠĂ շϠд࢑ШТጓᙯܼ۞൴ण˯ͧ̃ϠځពĄ˟ă̱ѐ৺ጯආ̝ϒШТጓᙯܼ۞൴णྵрĂҭ ׎д࢑ШТጓᙯܼ˯Ă˵ͧ׎΁ѐ৺ځពĄˬăᗕᏐछल۞ጯආдϒШТጓᙯܼ۞൴ण˯ᐹ ٺಏᏐछल۞ጯආĂ҃ಏᏐछल۞ጯආ̝࢑ШТጓᙯܼ۞൴णྵᗕᏐछल۞ጯආՀࠎځពĄ αăдᏐ̢̄જᙯܼ̚ĂĶჸᐛ͕ᘭķݭ۞ጯආ̝ϒШТጓ̢જᙯܼᐹٺĶჸழ͕ᗓķ۞ጯ ආĂ҃Ķჸழ͕ᗓķ۞ጯආ̝࢑ШТጓ̢જᙯܼͧĶჸᐛ͕ᘭķ۰ՀࠎځពĄ̣ăଐჰം˧ ࠎĶ੼̶௡ķ۞ጯආĂ׎ϒШТጓ̢જᙯܼᐹٺĶҲ̶௡ķ۞ጯආĂҭĶҲ̶௡ķ۞ጯආ̝ ࢑ШТጓ̢જᙯܼͧĶ੼̶௡ķ۞ጯආՀࠎځពĄ ᙯᔣෟĈТጓ̢જᙯܼăछलඕၹăଐჰം˧ăᏐ̢̄જᙯܼ д࣎ˠϠ୾൴ण۞࿅඀̚Ăˠᅫᙯܼ۞གྷᒉߏ̙Ξٕ৿۞ਕ˧ĂপҾдٙ఍۞Тጓဥវ̚ਕጾѣ ։р۞ˠᅫ̢જĂ၆࣎វ۞ዋᑕ˧ົѣΐ̶۞ड़ڍĄ၆׊ආֽᄲĂĶТጓဥវķߏ΁ࣇᚶछल̝ޢତ ᛈז۞ௐ˟࣎ۤົ͵ࠧć࠹ྵٺ΁ࣇᄃͭϓٕरܜมĂ׍ѣ˯˭̶̝ăଂᛳ̝Ҿ۞ᙯܼĂ׊ආᄃТጓ ࠹఍ॡĂ่̙гҜπඈĂ҃ͷᝋ˧ӮᏊĂᔘਕҋтгဘྏາ۞ҖࠎăԷႊາ۞֎ҒĂͽ٤ण΁ࣇ၆ٙ ఍͵ࠧ۞ᄮۢĄд࿅ـ۞ିጯགྷរ̚Ă൴ன˘࣎צˠᝌܓăࠎТጓٙତৼ۞׊ආĂــਕ૟ҋܫሄ ៍ă᎕ໂጬ൴۞ਜ਼ˠࢲܚԛ̝ٺγĂ·႕˞ഈঈᄃวЍć̝ͅâ࣎צТጓ١඗Ăͣ৿։рˠᅫᑕ၆ ԫμ۞׊ආĂ̰͕གྷ૱᝕ཊ඾؝፾ᄃҋןຏĂֹ֤᜻୶۞ৠ૾ପᄏ˞΁ࣇ۞ሤ˧ᄃЍ֊ĄѣᝥٺѩĂ ࡁտ۰˜ͽ̝үࠎώࡁտ۞ௐ˘ีજ፟Ăԓ୕ᖣϤஎˢ۞ᒢྋĂӔன΍׊ආТጓ̢જᙯܼ۞ԛёᄃ̰ உĂ֭၆Ϗֽ۞ିֈᄃᅃጱ೩ֱֻధ۞ӄৈĄ ઼ ϲ ᄂ ៉ र ቑ ̂ ጯ ି ֈ ͕ ந ᄃ ᅃ ጱ ጯ ր ିֈ͕நጯಡĂϔ 94 Ă 36 סĂ 3 ഇĂ 221 Ǖ 240 ࢱ *ώኢܼ͛ᘲݡڟ೩઼ϲέ៉रቑ̂ጯିֈ͕நᄃᅃጱࡁտ̝ٙჇ̀ኢ͛۞ొ̶̰टĂдౘՂძି଱۞޽ጱ ˭ԆјĄ

˘ăछलඕၹᄃ׊ආ۞Тጓ̢જᙯܼ

Ķछलķ˜ߏ࣎វጯ௫ᄃˠ̢જ۞ܐؕಞٙĂΑਕઉБ҃Ԇፋ۞छलĂ̖ਕ႕֖࣎វ͕֗൴ण۞ ᅮՐć൒҃Ϡܜдछलඕၹྋ௡۞ಏᏐޅආĂ΁ࣇдซˢጯ७ޢĂᓝ˲ۤϹԫμăЪүّᄃТጓᙯܼ ౌົצזᇆᜩĞBurke & Streek, 1989 ć͔ҋเ೎тĂϔ 91ğĄ Fender ă Stolberg ᄃ CowenĞ1975ğϺ അ޽΍Ǖͭϓ۞ᗓளᄃѪ˸ߏ઼̈ጯආ۞׌࣎П፟ĂϺߏ΁ࣇ͕֗൴ण۞ࢦ๋̂चĞ͔ҋᆒϖ̮Ăϔ 77ğĄ൒҃ᐌ඾ۤົ۞តዏᄃౌξ̼۞൴णĂछलඕၹயϠ˞λតĂا੼̙˭۞ᗓ૓தឰ็௚۞छल ඕၹు႙૪ྋĂ่̙छलΑਕצזࣤဳĂՀჺᄞ˞׎׽ѣ۞ా૲ຏĂซ҃ౄј̶ᗓड़ᑕĂጱ࡭ಏᏐछ ल۞ᇴณ̂ᆧĞเ೎тĂϔ 91ğĄॲፂ SullivanĞ1953ğ۞࠻ڱĂщБຏ۞႕֖ߏᇆᜩ࣎វ͟ޢˠॾ൴ ण۞ࢦࢋЯ৵Ă༊ޅආ۞Ϡ߿ᒖဩዎెࢦ̂ᖼԶॡĂ࣐ࡶ࿅ޘᔳԡᑅԺĂٕצזТጓ۞ᆚԘăڡෛĂ ົ࡭ֹ΁ࣇ۞щБຏజࣤဳĂซ҃дᄃˠ̢જॡٽٺજޤă၆ˠ̙ܫЇăயϠҖࠎઐमăٕଂˠཏ̚ ੜᒺĄϤѩΞۢĂछलඕၹдޅආТጓ̢જᙯܼ۞൴ण˯ѣ׎ࢦࢋّć൒઼̰҃дಏᏐछलᛉᗟ۞ࡁ տ˯ĂкΗଣ੅׎၆̄̃۞ҋԧໄهăϠ߿ᄃۤົዋᑕăጯຽјಶ۞ᇆᜩĞ͞ᇊϔĂϔ 74 ćࡧ೺ ೺Ăϔ 75 ćዑࡌࡓĂϔ 82 ćӓᐖፔĂϔ 83ğĂྵ͌඾ீٺޅආ۞ˠᅫᙯܼĂ߇ώࡁտͽ̝үࠎௐ˟ ีࡁտજ፟Ăଂ̚ଣ੅̙Тछलඕၹ۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ۞मளଐԛĄ ˟ăᏐ̢̄જᙯܼᄃ׊ආ۞Тጓ̢જᙯܼ ΩγĂдˠᅫ̢જ۞შඛ̚ĂᏐ̄ᙯܼߏϤᗕᏐᄃ׎̄̃ٙၹј۞ˠᅫᙯܼĂ׍ѣ޺˳ّᄃ፾প ّĂߏᇆᜩޅආТጓ̢જ൴ण۞ࢦࢋֽ໚ĞౘߋսĂϔ 90ğĄϒЯтѩĂధкጯ۰ౌᄮࠎ׊ආᄃТጓ ۞̓ኖ൴णਕ˧Ă໚ҋٺछल̰ొ۞ˠᅫᙯܼĞHartup, 1974ĒCassidy & Parke, 1992ĒCarson &

Parke, 1996ğĂ׎̚˫ͽᏐ̢̄જᙯܼ౵׍ᇆᜩ˧Ąտ׎ࣧЯĂ˜໚ٺᏐ̝̄มଐჰ۞ܑ྿͞ёĂᄃ

ଐຏϹ߹۞̰உĂົд൑ԛ̚ᇆᜩ׊ආ็ᅍଐຏ۞ԫμĂֹ଀චٺܑᜨϒШଐຏ۞׊ආĂྵटٽצז Тጓ۞ᝌܓĞCarson & Parke, 1996ğĄ่̙тѩĂѣֱࡁտ޽΍Ǖ׊ආਕӎҋдăනዋ۞ᄃ̓ҡ࠹ ఍Ăბෛ΁ٙϠܜ۞छलࡦഀ̚ĂҾˠтң၆ޞ΁ć˘࣎д·႕щБᄃခᐽ۞ᒖဩ྆јܜ۞ޅආĂ၆ ҋ̎ᄃ΁ˠྵटٽயϠܫЇຏĂਕ͹જШˠܑϯ̓චĂٙͽΞͽצזҾˠ۞ಈຑᄃତৼĞͳ͛սĂϔ 77ğĄტЪٙࢗĂ֭၆໰ࡁտ۰࿅ـ۞ିጯགྷរĂ൴னᏐ̄ᙯܼ։р۞ጯආĂــਕ૟ͭϓ໢ືᄃ͚ ޺۞ԛ෪̰̼д͕̚Ăֹ΁ࣇّ࣎ྵᘦؠĂ၆ᒖဩਕܲѣщБຏĂซ҃٤णזᄃТጓ۞̢જĂЯѩˠ ᅫᙯܼྵࠎ๪Ꮙᄃ׶ᏘĄϤѩΞۢĂᏐ̢̄જ۞ݡኳд׊ආТጓᙯܼ൴ण˯ѣ׎ࢦࢋّĂ൒҃ტ៍࿅ Ν۞઼̰γ͛ᚥĂ̂кͽ઼̚ล߱۞ܦ͌ѐүࠎᏐ̄ᙯܼ۞ࡁտ၆෪Ğग໓ࡻĂϔ 74 ćڒϜຎĂϔ 88ćӓࢆؐĂϔ 87 ć Masselam & Marcus, 1990ĒJessica & Thomas, 1997ğĂྵ͌ͽ઼̈ጯආࠎ͹Ă ߇ࡁտ۰˜ͽѩүࠎώࡁտ۞ௐˬีࡁտજ፟Ăଣ੅׎Ꮠ̄ᙯܼ۞։⯅Ăߏӎົͅߍд׊ආТጓ̢જ ᙯܼ۞൴ण˯Ą

ˬăଐჰം˧ᄃ׊ආ۞Тጓ̢જᙯܼ

ੵ˞˯ࢗ۞छलЯ৵γĂ၆׊ආֽᄲĂᔘᅮࢋѣड़۞ܑ྿ҋ̎۞ଐჰăϒቁ۞ྋ᝝΁ˠ۞ଐჰĂ ̖ਕᄃТጓܲ޺։р۞̢જĞഅბৌĂϔ 87ğĄ 1990 ѐ΃݈ޢĂ GreenspanĞ1989ğă Salovey ᄃ

MayerĞ1990ğ೩΍˞Ķଐჰം˧ķ۞ໄهĂႬޢ Daniel Goleman ˫ٺ 1995 ѐ΍ۍ˞ଐჰം˧˘३Ă

Ğ͔ҋѯ͛ຎĂϔ 86 ćᏥِӖĂϔ 90ğĂЯ҃Լត˞็௚၆ٺĶം˧ķ̰உ۞ব࿢ຐڱĂଷ੓˘۵੅ ኢ۞ሤሗĄ Daniel Goleman ͽ̂ณ۞၁ᙋّࡁտᙋځǕĶEQķ੼۰̙ҭචٺგநଐჰĂдϠ߿۞Ч ีᅳા̚˵ྵҫᐹ๕ćͷĶEQķ၆࣎ˠึӀ൴णјΑ۞੒ᚥࠎĶIQķ۞׌ࢺͽ˯Ğ͔ҋૺ୿ಬĂϔ

੓։р۞ˠᅫᙯܼĞڒ̥׶Ăϔ 89ğĄ൒҃ன΃ޅආ۞ଐჰયᗟͧ˯˘΃ՀࠎᚑࢦĂྵटٽຏזԺ ៭ăٽޤăღૺăᇎᇋă኏જ҃р੽ĄѩγĂ΁ࣇ۞ҋޠਕ˧̙੼Ăგநଐჰ۞ਕ˧˵ѣޞΐૻĄд ঱৺̚ĂጯϠЯଐჰგநε༊ٙଷ੓۞ࢲᇷĂ̙ҭົᇆᜩҋ̎۞ጯ௫߿જĂՀѣΞਕјࠎТጓม۞ᇲ ၆ҖࠎĞڒ୿රĂϔ 91ğĄტЪٙࢗĂΐͽࡁտ۰ଂ࿅ـ۞ିጯགྷរ̚Ă൴ன̙͌׊ආౌхѣˠᅫ̢ જᄃଐჰӧᕘ۞યᗟĂ఺၆׊ආώٕ֗׎΁Тጓౌߏᑅ˧ᄃ࢑ፉĄᖚߏ̝߇Ăࡁտ۰˜ͽѩүࠎௐα ีࡁտજ፟Ăഇ࠽ਕᖣϤซ˘Վ۞ଣ੅Ăᒢྋޅආ۞ଐჰം˧ᄃТጓ̢જม۞ᙯܼĄ αă̈ඕ д׊ආۤົ൴ण۞።඀̚ĂགྷϤᄃТጓ۞̢જĂ΁ࣇጯ௫ϡҾˠ۞֎ޘ࠻ޞ͵ࠧĂͽπᏊҋ̎׶ ΁ˠ۞៍ᕇĂซ҃ᄮᙊҋԧă๬ౄҋԧ۞পኳĂ֭ޙϲ੓ҋ֗۞ԛ෪Ąٙͽώࡁտ˜ჸ൏ٺ׊ආ۞Т ጓ̢જᙯܼĂੵ˞૟छलඕၹăᏐ̢̄જᙯܼăଐჰം˧ඈ̰உৼˢ׎̚Ăଣ੅α۰ม۞ᙯܼγĂϺ ᑢಶ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ۞ొ̶ซҖஎտĂበᄦ࠹ᙯ۞ീณ̍׍Ăԓ୕ѣӄٺϏֽࡁտ۞൴णĄГ۰ĂϤ ٺ࿅ـ۞ࡁտ̚Ă൴ன׊ආТጓᙯܼ۞൴णхѣّҾᄃѐ৺۞मளĞBerndt, Hawkins & Hoyle, 1986Ē Gifford-Smith & Brownell, 2003ĒLadd, 1999ĒڒาයĂϔ 90 ćڒ୿රĂϔ 91 ćเێ̥ᛌĂϔ 88ğĂ߇ ώࡁտ˵૟၆ѩซҖଣ੅Ăͽᒢྋ̙ТّҾᄃѐ৺۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ൴ण̝मளଐԛĄ׍ វ֏̝Ăώࡁտ۞ϫ۞т˭ٙࢗĈ Ğ˘ğበᚷ˘Њዋϡٺෞณ઼̈ጯආ̝Тጓ̢જᙯܼ۞ณܑĂ֭ޙϲΞֻણ໰۞૱ሀĂͽᒢྋ̙ ТّҾᄃѐ৺۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ۞मளĄ Ğ˟ğଣ੅̙ТछलඕၹᄃᏐ̢̄જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ۞मளĄ Ğˬğ࣒ࢎĶ઼̈ጯආଐჰം˧ณܑķĂ֭ଣ੅̙Тଐჰം˧۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ۞म ளĄ Ğαğᕩৼώࡁտ۞ඕڍĂ၆Ϗֽ۞Ꮠᖚିֈᄃ׊ආᅃጱ೩΍׍វΞҖ۞ޙᛉĂͽүࠎିरăछ ܜᄃᅃጱˠࣶ̝ણ҂Ą

͞ ā ā ڱ

˘ăࡁտ၆෪ ώࡁտଳયסአߤڱĂͽέΔᎩăέΔξăॿ๩Ꭹඈгડ۞̳ϲ઼ϔ̈ጯαặă̱ѐ৺ጯϠࠎ ࡁտ၆෪Ă̙ӣপঅ঱৺۞ጯϠĄࡁտ۰ͽᕍะ٩ᇹڱĂଂ˯ࢗˬ࣎ᎩξֶԔ٩פ΍̱ٙặٙăα ઼ٙϔ̈ጯĂ̝ޢГͽᐌ፟٩ᇹ۞͞ёĂଂЧ७٩פαҌ̱ѐ৺Ч˘঱۞ጯϠĂВࢍ 1486 ˠүࠎࡁ տ၆෪ĄયסаќޢĂགྷӁੵଫүඍ̙ԆБăͅᑕ͕Шځព۰Ăᓁࢍѣड़યסࠎ 1393 ЊĂ׎̚շϠ 733ˠẴϠ 660 ˠĂώࡁտͽ̝ޙϲĶ઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼณܑķ۞૱ሀĄҌٺдޢᜈ۞छलඕ ၹăᏐ̢̄જᙯܼăଐჰം˧ăТጓ̢જᙯܼ۞ࡁտొ̶Ă̙֭ᅮࢋтѩ̂ఢሀ۞ᇹώᇴĂ߇ࡁտ۰ ͽᖎಏᐌ፟٩ᇹڱĂଂ 1393 Њᇹώ̚٩פ΍ 850 ЊયסઇࡁտĂ׎̚շϠ 446 ˠẴϠ 404 ˠĄ ˟ăࡁտ̍׍ Ğ˘ğૄώྤफ़አߤܑ Ϥࡁտ۰ҋበĂͽᄓะצྏ۰࣎ˠ۞ࡦഀྤफ़̈́׎छलඕၹ̝னڶĄ Ğ˟ğ઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼณܑ 1. ณܑ۞நኢֶፂ

ώณܑᛳٺĶၗޘณܑķĂϡͽᒢྋ઼̈ጯආπ͟ᄃ׎Тጓ̢જ࠹఍۞ଐԛĄдநኢֶፂ˯Ăͽ

Furmanᄃ BiermanĞ1984ğă Berndt ᄃ PerryĞ1986ğ۞நኢࠎૄᖂĂ̶јĶϒШᙯܼķᄃĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ

׌̂ᆸࢬĂдĶϒШᙯܼķ۞ᆸࢬ̚ĂΒӣĶЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎķăĶྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જķăĶܫЇƝ಴ ࢦķăĶᏐ૜Ɲֶܢķඈαี̰உĂ׎݈̚׌۰ᛳٺĶϒШǕҖࠎᆸࢬķĂޢ׌۰ᛳٺĶϒШǕᄮۢᆸ ࢬķĄҌٺĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ۞ొ̶Ă݋உᄏĶ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹķăĶ኏ࡎƝԽᑝķăĶᚮۋƝ๺ӷķăĶᇲຍƝ ֨኎ķඈα჌̰உĂ༊݈̚׌۰ߏĶ࢑ШǕҖࠎᆸࢬķĂޢ׌۰݋ߏĶ࢑ШǕᄮۢᆸࢬķĄΩγĂώณ ܑଳϡ Likert ̣ᕇณ͎ࢍ̶Ăͽ̣࣎ᆸѨֽડ̶̙Т۞੼Ҳ඀ޘĄ 2. ณܑ۞࿰ྏ࿅඀ᄃඕڍ በᑢр࿰ྏณܑޢĂࡁտ۰ᔛኛᇴҜαҌ̱ѐ৺۞઼̈ҁरᄃጯϠֽᆶᗟĂ֭ტЪ̂छ۞ຍ֍Ă Ԇј˞࿰ྏયסĄௐ˘Ѩ࿰ྏॡĂͽέΔᎩҋૻ઼̈ᄃέΔᎩ౤໨઼̈αҌ̱ѐ৺ĂВࢍ 305 Ҝጯආ ઇࠎ࿰ྏᇹώĂͷ఺ֱᇹώ˜ΩҖ٩ᇹ҃଀Ă̙֭ӣ߁дϒёࡁտ۞ 1486 ࣎ᇹώ̰Ąٙ଀ྤफ़ଳໂ ბ௡ͧྵڱĞCR ࣃğăТኳّᑭរڱĞีϫᄃᓁ̶۞࠹ᙯğֽซҖีϫ̶ژĄдፄᗟ۞ᇾ໤˯Ă CR ࣃ̂ٺ 3.0 ۰ಶΞజତצĞ׹͛ഢăለ໦׶ăధፄૄăᎊഢᅛăܛፘˠăࡰᇇ㛄Ăϔ 84ğĄΩγĂี ϫᄃᓁ̶۞࠹ᙯ̝ᇴࣃ྿ 0.3 ͽ˯۰ΞజତצĞܘ൶߆Ăϔ 91ğĄૄٺ˯ࢗ۞நϤĂώࡁտͽĶCR ࣃ ̂ٺ 3ķͷĶีϫᄃᓁ̶۞࠹ᙯ̂ٺ 0.3ķࠎ໤݋ĂՏ࣎ྏᗟืЪͼ఺׌࣎ᇾ໤ؕΞజܲ঻ĄдώѨ۞ ࿰ྏඕڍ̚Ăѣ˩࣎ྏᗟϏਕТॡᎷٺ˯ࢗ׌ีᇾ໤Ă߇ืజ஌՛Ą ൒҃ѩѨ۞ีϫ̶ژඕڍֹĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ̚Ķ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹķăĶᚮۋƝ๺ӷķăĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķ۞ ྏᗟజ஌՛ధкĂጱ࡭Ч̶ณܑ۞ᗟᇴ̙ӮඈĂ߇дቁܲณܑݡኳ۞݈೩˭â͞ࢬ঻˭྿זีϫ̶ ژᇾ໤۞ྏᗟĂΩ˘͞ࢬᆧΐ˘ֱາᗟϫĂͽ֖ྃ˯ࢗˬ̶࣎ณܑ۞ᗟᇴĂፂѩበᄦ҃јௐ˟Ѩ࿰ྏ ณܑĂ֭ͽέΔᎩ౤໨઼̈۞αҌ̱ѐ৺ĂВࢍ 105 Ҝጯආઇࠎ࿰ྏᇹώĂͷ఺ֱᇹώ˜ΩҖ٩ᇹٙ פ଀۞Ă̙֭ӣ߁дϒёࡁտ۞ 1486 ࣎ᇹώ̰Ăፄᗟ۞ᇾ໤ᄃௐ˘Ѩ࿰ྏ࠹ТĄ གྷϤௐ˟Ѩ۞࿰ྏĂ่α࣎ྏᗟϏਕТॡᎷٺ˯ࢗ׌ีᇾ໤Ă߇ืజ஌՛ĄϤٺٙܲ঻۞ᓁᗟᇴ ࿅кĂࠎ˞ܮٺֹϡĂͷࠎՐЧ̶ณܑ۞ᗟᇴӮඈĂࡁտ۰ͽ CR ࣃྵ੼۰үࠎፄᗟ۞ௐ˘ᇾ໤ć࣐ ࡶТ˘̶࣎ณܑ̚Ăߙֱྏᗟ۞ CR ࣃ࠹ඈĂ݋ͧྵ׎Ķีϫᄃᓁ̶۞࠹ᙯķĂͽѩүࠎፄᗟ۞ௐ˟ᇾ ໤ĄበᄦԆј۞Ķ઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼณܑķΒӣˣ̶࣎ณܑĂՏ̶࣎ณܑЧ 5 ᗟĂБొВࢍ 40 ᗟĂ׎̚Ķ࢑Шᙯܼķٙஉᄏ۞α࣎ᆸࢬ̝ྏᗟ࠰ࠎͅШᗟĂ߇ืͅᖼࢍ̶Ą 3. ϒёณܑ۞ܫăड़ޘ̶ژ Ğ1ğܫޘ̶ژ ώณܑ۞ᓁณܑ̝ࢦീܫޘࠎ 0.822 ĂЧ̶ณܑ۞ࢦീܫޘࠎ 0.676 Ƃ 0.748 Ăពϯώณܑ۞ᘦؠ ّإָĄѩγĂώณܑ۞ᓁณܑ̝ Cronbach ɗܼᇴࠎ 0.932 ĂЧ̶ณܑ۞ Cronbach ɗܼᇴࠎ 0.682 Ƃ 0.838Ăពϯώณܑ۞̰ొ˘࡭ّإָĄ߇ტЪٙࢗĂณܑ۞ܫޘߏΞజତצ۞Ą Ğ2ğड़ޘ̶ژ a. ड़ᇾᙯాड़ޘ ώณܑͽࡁտ۰ҋበ۞Ķ઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼᑭ८ܑķүࠎड़ᇾĄѩ˜ણ҂ᏥِӖĞϔ 90ğ ٙనࢍ۞Ķ઼̈ጯආଐჰዋᑕᑭ८ܑķ̚ĂĶˠᅫᙯܼ۞఍நķ఺ี̰உበᄦ҃јĂኛ৺Їጱरֽෞ ؠĄඕڍពϯĈጯϠҋౘ۞଀̶ᄃጱर۞ෞ̶̝มĂѣ 0.289 ۞࠹ᙯĂ྿ 0.001 ព඾ͪ໤ĂϤѩΞۢณ ܑ׍ѣ̙᏾۞ड़ᇾᙯాड़ޘĄ b. ޙၹड़ޘ ࡁտ۰ͽ LISREL8.53 ۍ၆ณܑซҖរᙋّЯ৵̶ژĂଳϡĶፋវሀݭዋ੨ޘķֽរᙋณܑ۞ޙ ၹड़ޘĄඕڍពϯĈώณܑ۞ɬ2_{ࣃࠎ 3985.49ĞpŴ.01ğĂ߇ณܑ۞ᑭរሀݭ൑ڱᄃ៍၅޽ᇾዋ੨Ą} ҭɬ2_{૱צᇹώˠᇴ̂̈ᇆᜩćϺӈᇹώˠᇴд˘ؠఢሀॡĂɬ}2_{ࣃಶटٽ྿ព඾Ă҃ሀё˵टٽజ}

١඗Ğเ۾ᅛĂϔ 91 ć͔ҋܘ൴مăౘጯԠĂϔ 92ğĄГ۰Ăֶፂ Bagozzi & YiĞ1988ğĂͽ̈́ Hair Jr., Anderson, Tatham & BlackĞ1998ğ۞ኢᕇĂፋវሀёዋ੨ޘ҂រΞϡĶ඗၆ዋ੨ޘķĞӣ GFI ă SRMRă RMSEAğăĶᆧࣃዋ੨ޘķĞӣ NFI ă NNFI ă CFIğăĶჟᖎዋ੨ޘķĞӣ PNFI ă PGFIğඈ ೀ࣎͞ࢬֽෞҤĞ͔ҋܘ൴مăౘጯԠĂϔ 92ğĂ߇ώࡁտ˜ፂѩෞҤĶ઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼณܑķ ۞ፋវዋ੨ଐԛĄඕڍពϯĈ่ GFI ޽ᇾϏ྿ᇾ໤Ă׎ዶ˛࣎޽ᇾӮ௑ЪΞତצ۞ᇾ໤Ă߇ώณܑ̪ ׍ѣ̙᏾۞ޙၹड़ޘĄ ტЪٙࢗĂពϯώณܑ׍ѣ։р۞ड़ޘĄ 4. ޙϲ૱ሀ በᄦԆĶ઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼณܑķޢĂࡁտ۰˵ͽĶّҾķăĶѐ৺ҾķֽޙϲΞֻણ໰۞ ૱ሀĄ Ğˬğ࣒ࢎĶ઼̈ጯආଐჰം˧ณܑķ 1. ࣒ࢎቡϤ̈́ณܑ۞̰உ̬௜ дซҖࡁտ̝ܐĂࡁտ۰ֶፂࡁտϫ۞Ᏼϡ˞ᏥِӖĞϔ 90ğٙበᄦ۞Ķ઼̈ጯආଐჰം˧ณ ܑķĂ൒҃дෞҤ׎ዋϡّॡĂ൴ᛇณܑᗟᇴ࿅кĂྏᗟ۞ୃࢗή˵ྵܜĂࠎ˞೩੼၁ϡّᄃܮӀ ّĂࡁտ۰ଂ˛̶࣎ณܑ̚Ч߄Ᏼ΍̣ᗟĂ֭дܲ঻ࣧᗟຍ۞ࣧ݋˭Ă૟ྵܜ۞ୃࢗᄬήரઇ࣒ϒĂ ࢍ̶͞ڱ̪ଳϡ Likert ̣ᕇณ͎ĄѩγĂณ̶ܑࠎĶҋԧଐჰം˧ķᄃĶˠᅫଐჰം˧ķ׌࣎ᆸࢬĂ ݈۰ΒӣĶᄮᙊҋ̎۞ଐჰķăĶܑ྿ҋ̎۞ଐჰķăĶგநҋ̎۞ଐჰķăĶҋԧ፬ᐽķඈα̶࣎ณ ܑćޢ۰ΒӣĶᄮᙊ΁ˠ۞ଐჰķăĶаᑕ΁ˠ۞ଐჰķăĶˠᅫᙯܼ۞఍நķඈˬ̶࣎ณܑĂБొВ 42࣎ᗟϫĂ࠰ࠎϒШᗟĂ଀̶෸੼ܑϯצྏ۰дྍีਕ˧۞ܑன෸ָĄበᑢр࿰ྏณܑޢĂࡁտ۰ ᔛኛᇴҜαҌ̱ѐ৺۞઼̈ҁरᄃጯϠֽᆶᗟĂ֭ტЪ̂छ۞ຍ֍ĂԆј˞࿰ྏયסĄ 2. ณܑ۞࿰ྏ࿅඀ᄃඕڍ ࿰ྏયסቁؠޢĂͽέΔᎩҋૻ઼̈ᄃ౤໨઼̈۞αҌ̱ѐ৺ĂВࢍ 105 Ҝጯආઇࠎ࿰ྏᇹώĂ ͷ఺ֱᇹώ˜ΩҖ٩ᇹٙפ଀۞Ă̙֭ӣ߁дϒёࡁտ۞ 1486 ࣎ᇹώ̝̰ĄᎡᏴྏᗟॡĂࡁտ۰ͽ ĶCR ࣃ̂ٺ 3ķͷĶีϫᄃᓁ̶۞࠹ᙯ̂ٺ 0.3ķүࠎՙᕝ۞໤݋ĂՏ࣎ྏᗟืЪͼ఺׌࣎ᇾ໤ؕΞజ ܲ঻ĄॲፂώѨ۞࿰ྏඕڍĂ 35 ࣎ྏᗟ࠰Ꮇٺᇾ໤ĂΞͽజܲ঻ֹϡĄ 3. ࣒ࢎޢ۞ณܑ̝ܫăड़ޘ̶ژ Ğ1ğܫޘ̶ژ ࣒ࢎޢ۞ᓁณܑ̝ࢦീܫޘࠎ 0.835 ĂЧ̶ณܑ۞ࢦീܫޘࠎ 0.633 Ƃ 0.796 Ăពϯ׎ᘦؠّإ ָĄѩγĂ࣒ࢎޢ۞ᓁณܑ̝ Cronbach ɗܼᇴࠎ 0.954 ĂЧ̶ณܑ۞ Cronbach ɗܼᇴࠎ 0.726 Ƃ 0.833Ăពϯ׎̰ొ˘࡭ّإָĄტЪٙࢗĂ࣒ࢎޢ۞ณܑ̝ܫޘߏΞజତצ۞Ą Ğ2ğड़ޘ̶ژ a. ड़ᇾᙯాड़ޘ ࣒ࢎޢ۞ณܑͽᏥِӖĞϔ 90ğٙበᄦĶ઼̈ጯආଐჰዋᑕᑭ८ܑķүࠎड़ᇾĂኛ৺Їጱरಶ Ķҋԧଐჰം˧ķăĶˠᅫଐჰം˧ķ۞̰உ̚ĂĶგநҋ̎۞ଐჰķᄃĶˠᅫᙯܼ۞఍நķඈ׌ีΞ ៍၅۞޽ᇾүෞ̶ĄඕڍពϯĈдĶგநҋ̎۞ଐჰķ͞ࢬĂጯϠҋౘ۞଀̶ᄃጱर۞ෞ̶̝มĂѣ 0.183۞࠹ᙯĂ྿ 0.05 ព඾ͪ໤ć҃дĶˠᅫᙯܼķ͞ࢬĂጯϠҋౘ۞଀̶ᄃጱर۞ෞ̶̝มĂѣ 0.319۞࠹ᙯĂ྿ 0.001 ព඾ͪ໤Ă߇ώณܑ׍ѣ̙᏾۞ड़ᇾᙯాड़ޘĄ b. ޙၹड़ޘ ࡁտ۰ͽ LISREL8.53 ۍ၆࣒ࢎޢ۞ณܑซҖរᙋّЯ৵̶ژĂ֭ͽĶፋវሀݭዋ੨ޘķֽរᙋ ณܑ۞ޙၹड़ޘĄඕڍពϯĈώณܑ۞ɬ2_{ࣃࠎ 2517.18Ğp Ŵ.01ğĂ߇ณܑ۞ᑭរሀݭ൑ڱᄃ៍၅޽} ᇾዋ੨Ąҭɬ2_{૱צᇹώˠᇴ̂̈ᇆᜩćϺӈᇹώˠᇴд˘ؠఢሀॡĂɬ}2_{ࣃಶटٽ྿ព඾Ă҃ሀё}

˵टٽజ١඗Ğเ۾ᅛĂϔ 91 ć͔ҋܘ൴مăౘጯԠĂϔ 92ğĄГ۰Ăֶፂ Bagozzi & YiĞ1988ğĂͽ ̈́ Hair Jr., Anderson, Tatham & BlackĞ1998ğ۞ኢᕇĂፋវሀёዋ੨ޘ҂រΞϡĶ඗၆ዋ੨ޘķĞӣ GFIă SRMR ă RMSEAğăĶᆧࣃዋ੨ޘķĞӣ NFI ă NNFI ă CFIğăĶჟᖎዋ੨ޘķĞӣ PNFI ă

PGFIğඈೀ͞ࢬֽෞҤĞ͔ҋܘ൴مăౘጯԠĂϔ 92ğĂ߇ώࡁտ˜ፂѩෞҤ࣒ࢎޢ۞Ķ઼̈ጯආଐ ჰം˧ณܑķ۞ፋវዋ੨ଐԛĄඕڍពϯĈ࣒ࢎޢ۞ณܑ̝ፋវሀёዋ੨ޘ۞ˣ࣎޽ᇾĂӮ྿זΞତ צ۞ᇾ໤Ăٙͽ׍ѣ։р۞ޙၹड़ޘĄ ტЪٙࢗĂពϯώณܑ׍ѣ։р۞ड़ޘĄ ĞαğᏐ̢̄જᙯܼณܑ ώࡁտଳϡྜ঳آĞϔ 89ğ࣒ࢎዑࡌࡓĞϔ 82ğٙበᄦ۞ĶᏐ̢̄જᙯܼયסķĂБณܑВࢍ 23 ᗟĂצྏ۰дĶ֗វ̢જķ۞଀̶෸੼ĂܑϯᏐ̄ม۞̢જᐛத෸੼ć҃צྏ۰дĶ͕ந̢જķ۞଀ ̶෸੼Ă݋ܑϯᏐ̄ม໢ືăᏐ૜ᄃᄮТඈ͕நຏצޘ෸ૻĄѩγĂ׎Ꮠ̢̄જᙯܼΞ̶јĶჸᐛ͕ ᘭķăĶჸᐛ͕ᗓķăĶჸழ͕ᘭķăĶჸழ͕ᗓķඈα჌ᙷݭĄ Г۰Ăณܑ۞ᓁณܑ̝ Cronbach ɗܼᇴࣃࠎ 0.84 Ă̶ณܑ۞ Cronbach ɗܼᇴ݋̬ٺ 0.64 Ƃ 0.78 ̝มĂ߇׎̰ొ˘࡭ّܫޘᅲָĄΩγĂ͹ј̶̶ژڱ۞ඕڍពϯĈĶͭᏐ͕நķ̶ณܑ̝ྏᗟΞྋ ᛖ 36.82 ƫĶͭᏐ͕நķ۞ᓁតளณćĶͭᏐ̢જķ̶ณܑ̝ྏᗟΞྋᛖ 47.82 ƫĶͭᏐ̢જķ۞ᓁត ளณćĶϓᏐ͕நķ̶ณܑ̝ྏᗟΞྋᛖ 40.65 ƫĶϓᏐ͕நķ۞ᓁតளณćĶϓᏐ̢જķ̶ณܑ̝ ྏᗟΞྋᛖ 50.63 ƫĶϓᏐ͕நķ۞ᓁតளณĂ߇ณܑ׍ѣ։р۞ޙၹड़ޘĞྜ঳آĂϔ 89ğĄ ˬă၁߉඀Ԕ ҋϔ઼˝˩˟ѐ˛͡੓Ăࡁտ۰඾͘ᄓะᄃ࠹ᙯ۞઼̰γ͛ᚥĂགྷ࿅ྎ᝝ᄃຉፋޢĂҌ˝˩˟ѐ ˝͡ቁؠࡁտߛၹᄃቑಛĄ׎ޢܮॲፂࡁտϫ۞ֽᏴፄࡁտ̍׍ĂϺበᑢĶ઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼณ ܑķă࣒ࢎĶ઼̈ጯආଐჰം˧ณܑķĂགྷ࿰ྏޢԆјϒёณܑĄ̝ޢซҖϒё߉ീॡĂ၆ٺҜдέΔ Ꭹăξ۞ጯ७Ăࡁտ۰ົזಞઇ߉ീĄҌٺᅮࢋฎ૙۞ጯ७Ă݋ͽ࿪ྖӘۢĂ֭ᅃͽ३ࢬྤफ़ֽᄲځ ߉ീࢋᕇĄયסаќޢĂࡁտ۰ͽ࿪ཝइ྅హវ LISREL8.53 ۍᄃ SPSS10.0 ۍซҖ௚ࢍ̶ژĄ׎݈̚ ۰ߏͽĶរᙋّЯ৵̶ژķ҂រĶ઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼณܑķă࣒ࢎޢ۞Ķ઼̈ጯආଐჰം˧ณܑķ ̝ޙၹड़ޘćޢ۰݋ͽĶಏЯ̄кតณតளᇴ̶ژķֽ҂រ઼̈ጯආ۞Тጓ̢જᙯܼĂߏӎЯ׎࣎ˠ ࡦഀតีăछलតีăଐჰം˧ඈЯ৵̝̙Т҃ѣٙमளĂࡶፋវ҂រ྿.05 ព඾ͪ໤Ă݋ซҖಏត ณ F ҂រćࡶಏតณ F ҂រϺ྿.05 ព඾ͪ໤Ă݋ͽ Scheffe’e ڱซҖְޢͧྵĂͽᝥҾ΍Ч௡۞मளଐ ԛĄ

ඕ ā ā ڍ

˘ă̙ТّҾᄃѐ৺۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝मள̶ژ Ğ˘ğ̙ТّҾ۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝मள ܑ 1 ࠎ̙ТّҾ۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ۞តளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑĂଂ̚Ξۢɉࣃࠎ.878 Ă྿.001 ព ඾ͪ໤Ăពϯ̙ТّҾ઼̝̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼѣព඾मளĄѩγĂࡁտ۰ГಶТጓ̢જᙯܼ۞ Ч̶ณܑซҖಏតณ F ҂រĂඕڍពϯĈдĶϒШᙯܼķᄃĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ˯Ăշẵආ۞ F ࣃ྿.001 ۞ព඾ͪ໤ĞFĞ1, 848ğ=13.317 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ1, 848ğ=14.209 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĂܑϯշ̃ጯආдѩ׌ ొ̶ѣព඾मளĂͷдĶϒШᙯܼķ͞ࢬẴආ۞πӮᇴ੼ٺշආć҃дĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ˯Ăշආ۞π Ӯᇴ੼ٺ̃ආĄ

ѩγĂಶЧ̶ณܑ۞ඕڍֽ࠻ĂдĶϒШᙯܼķ۞ĶЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎķăĶܫЇƝ಴ࢦķăĶᏐ ૜Ɲֶܢķ̚Ăշẵጯආ଀̶Ӯ྿ព඾मளĞFĞ1, 848ğ=34.865 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ1, 848ğ =8.476Ă p Ŵ.01 ć FĞ1, 848ğ=10.984 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĂͷ̃ආ۞πӮᇴ࠰ព඾੼ٺշආĄҭĶྼᑚƝᓑ Ъ߿જķ͞ࢬĂّҾ̝ม۞मள݋̙ព඾ĞFĞ1, 848ğ=.705 Ă p ŵ.05ğĄГ۰ĂಶĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ۞ొ ̶҃֏ĂĶ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹķăĶ኏ࡎƝԽᑝķăĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķ̚Ăշẵጯආ۞πӮᇴϺ྿ព඾मள ĞFĞ1, 848ğ=20.301 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ1, 848ğ=34.230 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ1, 848ğ=16.402 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĂ ͷշආ۞πӮᇴ࠰੼ٺ̃ආĂҭĶᚮۋƝ๺ӷķ݋൑ّҾ˯۞मளĞFĞ1, 848ğ=1.485 Ă p ŵ.05ğĄ ტЪ˯ࢗĂώࡁտඕڍពϯĈдĶϒШᙯܼķ׎ٙஉᄏ۞ˬ࣎ᆸѨ˯Ẵආ۞଀̶࠰੼ٺշආć҃д Ķ࢑Шᙯܼķᄃ׎ٙஉᄏ۞ˬ࣎ᆸѨ˯Ăշආ۞଀̶Ӯព඾੼ٺ̃ආĄ ܑ1 ̙ТّҾ۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝តளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑĞN=850ğ ̶ณܑЩჍ Wilk’s ɉ Fࣃ ܢො .878*** ϒШᙯܼ 13.317*** ̃ŵշ ЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎ 34.865*** ̃ŵշ ྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જ .705n.s. ܫЇƝ಴ࢦ 8.476** ̃ŵշ Ꮠ૜Ɲֶܢ 10.984*** ̃ŵշ ࢑Шᙯܼ 14.209*** ̃Ŵշ ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹ 20.301*** ̃Ŵշ ኏ࡎƝԽᑝ 34.230*** ̃Ŵշ ᚮۋƝ๺ӷ 1.485 n.s. ᇲຍƝ֨኎ 16.402*** ̃Ŵշ ො **p Ŵ.01 ***p Ŵ.001 Ğ˟ğ̙Тѐ৺۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝मள ܑ 2 ࠎ̙Тѐ৺۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ۞πӮᇴᄃᇾ໤मĂଂ̚Ξۢɉࣃࠎ.931 Ă྿.001 ព඾ ͪ໤Ăពϯ̙Тѐ৺۞઼̈ጯආ̝Тጓ̢જᙯܼѣព඾मளĄ ѩγĂࡁտ۰ಶ઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ۞Ч̶ณܑซҖಏតณ F ҂រĂඕڍពϯĈдĶϒШᙯܼķ ̈́׎ٙஉᄏ۞ĶྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જķăĶܫЇƝ಴ࢦķăĶᏐ૜Ɲֶܢķඈᆸࢬ̚Ă˯ĂЧѐ৺۞ F ࣃϏ ྿.05 ព඾ͪ໤ĞFĞ2, 847ğ=2.553 Ă p ŵ.05 ć FĞ2, 847ğ=2.557 Ă p ŵ.05 ć FĞ2, 847ğ=.888 Ă p ŵ.05 ć FĞ2, 847ğ=1.589 Ă p ŵ.05ğĂܑϯ˯̰ࢗஉ֭൑ѐ৺ม۞मளćጐგтѩĂϒШᙯܼ̰உ̚ ۞ĶЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎķĂ׎ F ࣃ݋྿ព඾ͪ໤Ăܑϯѩ˘Шޘѣѐ৺ม۞मளĂགྷְޢͧྵ൴னĈ ̱ѐ৺۞଀̶ព඾੼ٺ̣ѐ৺ĄΩγдĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ˯ĂЧѐ৺۞ F ࣃ྿.05 ۞ព඾ͪ໤ĞFĞ2, 847ğ =11.539Ă p Ŵ.001ğĂܑϯ̙Тѐ৺۞ጯආдѩШޘѣព඾मளĂͷ̱ѐ৺۞଀̶ព඾੼ٺ̣ѐ৺׶ αѐ৺ĄГ۰ĂĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ̚۞Ķ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹķăĶ኏ࡎƝԽᑝķăĶᚮۋƝ๺ӷķăĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķ ඈ̶ณܑӮពϯ΍Ǖ̙Тѐ৺۞ጯආ׎πӮᇴ࠰྿ព඾मளĞFĞ2, 847ğ=15.744 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ2, 847ğ=6.460 Ă p Ŵ.01 ć FĞ2, 847ğ=7.685 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ2, 847ğ=5.265 Ă p Ŵ.01ğĂଂְޢͧྵ۞ ඕڍ଀ۢĈ̱ѐ৺۞ጯආ׎଀̶࠰ព඾੼ٺαѐ৺۞ጯආĄტЪٙࢗĂώࡁտඕڍពϯĈϒШᙯܼ۞ ĶЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎķăĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ̈́׎̰உ۞Ч࣎ШޘĂӮӔன̱ѐ৺ጯආ۞πӮᇴព඾੼ٺ̣ѐ ৺ٕαѐ৺۞ጯආĄ

ܑ 2 ̙Тѐ৺۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝តளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑĞN=850ğ ̶ณܑЩჍ Wilk’s ɉ Fࣃ ְޢͧྵ .931*** ϒШᙯܼ 2.553 n.s. ЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎ 18.568* ̱ѐ৺ẉ̂ѐ৺ ྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જ 2.557 n.s. ܫЇƝ಴ࢦ .888 n.s. Ꮠ૜Ɲֶܢ 1.589 n.s. ࢑Шᙯܼ 11.539*** ̱ѐ৺ŵαѐ৺ă̱ѐ৺ẉ̂ѐ৺ ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹ 15.744*** ̱ѐ৺ŵαѐ৺ă̱ѐ৺ẉ̂ѐ৺ ኏ࡎƝԽᑝ 6.460** ̱ѐ৺ŵαѐ৺ ᚮۋƝ๺ӷ 7.685*** ̣ѐ৺ŵαѐ৺ă̱ѐ৺ŵαѐ৺ ᇲຍƝ֨኎ 5.265** ̱ѐ৺ŵαѐ৺ă̱ѐ৺ẉ̂ѐ৺ ො * p Ŵ.05 ** p Ŵ.01 *** p Ŵ.001 ˟ă̙Тछलඕၹ۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ൴ण̝मள ܑ 3 ࠎ̙Тछलඕၹ۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ۞តளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑĂϤܑ 11 ଀ۢɉࣃࠎ.976 Ă ྿.05 ព඾ͪ໤Ăពϯ̙Тछलඕၹ۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼѣព඾मளĄ׎ޢࡁտ۰ГಶТጓ ̢જᙯܼЧ̶ณܑซҖಏតณ F ҂រĂඕڍ൴னĈдĶϒШᙯܼķăĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ˯Ă̙Тछलඕၹ ۞઼̈ጯආ̝ F ࣃ྿.05 ۞ព඾ͪ໤ĞFĞ1, 848ğ=4.252 Ă p Ŵ.05 ć FĞ1, 848ğŶ 11.229 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĂܑϯ̙Тछलඕၹ۞઼̈ጯආд఺׌࣎Шޘѣព඾मளĂͷᗕᏐछल۞ጯආ଀̶ͧಏᏐछ ल۞ጯආ੼ć҃дĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ͞ࢬĂಏᏐछल۞ጯආ̝଀̶ͧᗕᏐछल۞ጯආ੼Ą ѩγĂಶТጓ̢જᙯܼЧ̶ณܑ۞ඕڍֽ࠻ĂдĶϒШᙯܼķ۞̰உ̚ĂĶྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જķӔ ன΍̙Тछलඕၹ۞ጯආĂ׎଀̶۞πӮᇴ࠰྿ព඾मளĞFĞ1, 848ğ=8.102 Ă p Ŵ.01ğĂᗕᏐछल ۞ጯආ̝πӮᇴ੼ٺಏᏐछल۞ጯආĄ̙࿅ĂдĶЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎķăĶܫЇƝ಴ࢦķăĶᏐ૜Ɲֶ ܢķඈ̶ณܑ̚Ăछलඕၹ۞मள݋̙ព඾ĞFĞ1, 848ğ=1.292 Ă p ŵ.05 ć FĞ1, 848ğ=2.946 Ă p ŵ.05 ć FĞ1, 848ğ=2.463 Ă p ŵ.05ğĄГ۰ĂಶĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ۞̰உ҃֏ĂдĶ኏ࡎƝԽᑝķăĶᚮ ۋƝ๺ӷķăĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķඈ̶ณܑ̚ĂӮӔன΍˟჌छलඕၹ۞ጯආĂ׎πӮᇴѣព඾मளĞF Ğ1, 848ğ=9.037 Ă p Ŵ.01 ć FĞ1, 848ğ=10.282 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĂͷಏᏐछल۞ጯආĂ׎଀̶੼ٺᗕᏐछ ल۞ጯආćጐგтѩĂдĶ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹķ۞̶ณܑ̚Ăछलඕၹ۞मள̙֭ព඾ĞFĞ1, 848ğ =2.549Ă p ŵ.05ğĄ ტЪٙࢗĂώࡁտඕڍពϯĈдĶϒШᙯܼķ̈́׎̰உ̚۞ĶྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જķĂछलඕၹࠎ ĶᗕᏐछलķ۰Ă׎଀̶࠰੼ٺĶಏᏐछलķ۰ć̝ͅдĶ࢑Шᙯܼķᄃ׎̰உ̚۞Ķ኏ࡎƝԽᑝķă ĶᚮۋƝ๺ӷķăĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķĂछलඕၹࠎĶಏᏐछलķ۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎଀̶࠰ព඾੼ٺĶᗕᏐछ लķ۞ጯආĄ

ܑ 3 ̙Тछलඕၹ۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝តளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑĞN Ŷ 850ğ ̶ณܑЩჍ Wilk’s ɉ Fࣃ ܢො .976* ϒШᙯܼ 18.252* ᗕᏐŵಏᏐ ЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎ 1.292 n.s. ྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જ 8.102** ᗕᏐŵಏᏐ ܫЇƝ಴ࢦ 2.946 n.s. Ꮠ૜Ɲֶܢ 2.463 n.s. ࢑Шᙯܼ 11.229*** ᗕᏐŴಏᏐ ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹ 2.549 n.s. ኏ࡎƝԽᑝ 9.037** ᗕᏐŴಏᏐ ᚮۋƝ๺ӷ 10.282*** ᗕᏐŴಏᏐ ᇲຍƝ֨኎ 9.106** ᗕᏐŴಏᏐ ො * p Ŵ.05 ** p Ŵ.01 *** p Ŵ.001 ˬă̙ТᏐ̢̄જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝मள̶ژ Ğ˘ğ̢ͭ̄જᙯܼᄃ઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯ̶ܼ̝ژ ܑ 4 ࠎ̙Т۞̢ͭ̄જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ۞តளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑĄϤܑ̚଀ۢɉࣃ ࠎ.830 Ă྿.001 ព඾ͪ໤Ăពϯ̙Т۞̢ͭ̄જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ׍ѣព඾मளĄ׎ ޢࡁտ۰ГಶТጓ̢જᙯܼЧ̶ณܑซҖಏតณ F ҂រĂඕڍពϯĈдĶϒШᙯܼķᄃĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ ˯Ă̙Т̢ͭ̄જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎ F ࣃ࠰྿.001 ۞ព඾ͪ໤ĞFĞ3, 846ğ=36.678 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć F Ğ3, 846ğ=17.643 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĂܑϯ̙Т̢ͭ̄જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආдѩ׌ొ̶ѣព඾मளĄ ѩγĂಶТጓ̢જᙯܼЧ̶ณܑ۞ඕڍֽ࠻ĂдĶϒШᙯܼķ۞̰உ̚ĂĶЪүƝӀۤົҖ ࠎķăĶྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જķăĶܫЇƝ಴ࢦķăĶᏐ૜Ɲֶܢķඈ̶ณܑӮӔன΍̙Т̢ͭ̄જᙯܼ۞ ጯආĂ׎଀̶۞πӮᇴ࠰྿ព඾मளĞFĞ3, 846ğ=32.575 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ3, 846ğ=27.447 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ3, 846ğ=26.998 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ3, 846ğ=26.639 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĄ׎ѨĂಶĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ۞ ̰உ҃֏ĂĶ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹķăĶ኏ࡎƝԽᑝķăĶᚮۋƝ๺ӷķᄃĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķඈ̶ณܑϺពϯ΍̙ Т۞̢ͭ̄જᙯܼ۞ጯආĂ׎πӮᇴ࠰྿ព඾मளĞFĞ3, 846ğ=10.004 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ3, 846ğ =16.106Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ3, 846ğ=8.128 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ3, 846ğ=15.119 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĄ ౵ޢĂࡁտ۰Гಶ F ࣃ྿ព඾۞ొ̶ͽ Scheffe’e ڱซҖְޢͧྵĄ׎̚ĶϒШᙯܼķ̈́׎̰உ̚ ۞ĶЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎķăĶྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જķăĶܫЇƝ಴ࢦķăĶᏐ૜Ɲֶܢķඈ̶ณܑĂӮពϯ ΍̢ͭ̄જᙯܼࠎĶჸᐛ͕ᘭķ۞ጯආĂ׎πӮᇴ࠰ព඾੼ٺĶჸழ͕ᘭķăĶჸழ͕ᗓķ۞ጯආĄ ѩγĂ̢ͭ̄જᙯܼࠎĶჸᐛ͕ᗓķ۰Ă׎πӮᇴϺព඾੼ٺĶჸழ͕ᗓķ۞ጯආĄ่̙тѩĂд ĶϒШᙯܼķ̰̈́உ̚۞ĶܫЇƝ಴ࢦķ͞ࢬĂ̢ͭ̄જᙯܼࠎĶჸழ͕ᘭķ۞ጯආĂ׎πӮᇴ˵ព ඾੼ٺĶჸழ͕ᗓķ۞ጯආĄҌٺдĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ̈́׎̰உ̚۞Ķ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹķăĶ኏ࡎƝԽᑝķă ĶᚮۋƝ๺ӷķăĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķඈ̶ณܑ˯ĂӮӔன΍Ķჸᐛ͕ᗓķăĶჸழ͕ᗓķ۞ጯආĂ׎πӮ ᇴព඾੼ٺĶჸᐛ͕ᘭķăĶჸழ͕ᘭķ۰ĄѩγĂдĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ̈́׎̰உ̚۞Ķ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹķă Ķ኏ࡎƝԽᑝķ˯ĂϺӔனĶჸᐛ͕ᗓķ۰׎πӮᇴព඾੼ٺĶჸழ͕ᘭķ۰ĄΩγĂд࢑Шᙯܼķ ̈́׎̰உ̚۞Ķ኏ࡎƝԽᑝķăĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķ͞ࢬĂΞ࠻΍Ķჸழ͕ᗓķ۞ጯආ׎πӮᇴ˵ព඾੼

ٺĶჸழ͕ᘭķ۞ጯආĄ ტЪٙࢗĂώࡁտඕڍពϯĈ̢ͭ̄જᙯܼ۞ᛳٺĶჸᐛ͕ᘭķݭ۞ጯආĂдณܑ̚ĶϒШᙯܼķ ᄃ׎ЧШޘ۞଀̶˯࠰ព඾੼ٺĶჸழ͕ᗓķݭ۞ጯආć̝ͅдĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ̈́׎Ч̶ณܑ˯Ăͭ̄ ̢જᙯܼ۞ᛳٺĶჸழ͕ᗓķݭ۞ጯආĂ׎଀̶࠰ព඾੼ٺĶჸᐛ͕ᘭķݭ۞ጯආĄ ܑ 4 ̙Т̢ͭ̄જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝តளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑĞN=850ğ ̶ณܑЩჍ Wilk’s ɉ Fࣃ ְޢͧྵ .830*** ϒШᙯܼ 36.678*** ჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸᐛ͕ᗓăჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᘭ ჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᗓăჸழ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᗓ ЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎ 32.575*** ჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᘭăჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᗓ ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᗓ ྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જ 27.447*** ჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸᐛ͕ᗓăჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᘭ ჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᗓăჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᗓ ܫЇƝ಴ࢦ 26.998*** ჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᘭăჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᗓ ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᗓăჸழ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᗓ Ꮠ૜Ɲֶܢ 26.639*** ჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᘭăჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᗓ ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᗓ ࢑Шᙯܼ 17.643*** ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭăჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ჸழ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭăჸழ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹ 10.004*** ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭăჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ჸழ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭ ኏ࡎƝԽᑝ 16.106*** ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭăჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ჸழ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭăჸழ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ᚮۋƝ๺ӷ 8.128*** ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭăჸழ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭ ᇲຍƝ֨኎ 15.119*** ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭăჸழ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭ ჸழ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ො *** p Ŵ.001 Ğ˟ğϓ̢̄જᙯܼᄃ઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯ̶ܼ̝ژ ܑ 5 ࠎ̙Тϓ̢̄જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ۞តளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑĂϤܑΞۢɉࣃ ࠎ.790 Ă྿.001 ព඾ͪ໤Ăពϯ̙Тϓ̢̄જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ׍ѣព඾मளĄ̝ޢ ࡁտ۰ГಶТጓ̢જᙯܼЧ̶ณܑซҖಏតณ F ҂រĂඕڍពϯĈдĶϒШᙯܼķᄃĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ ˯Ă̙Тϓ̢̄જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආ̝ F ࣃ࠰྿.001 ۞ព඾ͪ໤ĞFĞ3, 846ğ=56.079 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć F Ğ3, 846ğ= 17.643 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĂܑϯ̙Тϓ̢̄જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආдѩ׌ొ̶ѣព඾मளĄ ѩγĂಶТጓ̢જᙯܼЧ̶ณܑ۞ඕڍֽ࠻ĂдĶϒШᙯܼķ۞̰உ̚ĂĶЪүƝӀۤົҖ ࠎķăĶྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જķăĶܫЇƝ಴ࢦķăĶᏐ૜Ɲֶܢķඈ̶ณܑӮӔன΍̙Тϓ̢̄જᙯܼ۞ ጯආĂ׎଀̶۞πӮᇴ࠰྿ព඾मளĞFĞ3, 846ğ=46.621 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ3, 846ğ=38.892 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ3, 846ğ=38.822 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ3, 846ğ=44.924 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĄ׎ѨĂಶĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ۞ ̰உ҃֏ĂĶ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹķăĶ኏ࡎƝԽᑝķăĶᚮۋƝ๺ӷķᄃĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķඈ̶ณܑϺពϯ΍̙ Тϓ̢̄જᙯܼ۞ጯආĂ׎πӮᇴ˵࠰྿ព඾मளĞFĞ3, 846ğ=7.740 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ3, 846ğ

=12.908Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ3, 846ğ=8.706 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ3, 846ğ=19.103 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĄ ౵ޢĂࡁտ۰Гಶ F ࣃ྿ព඾۞ొ̶ͽ Scheffe’e ڱซҖְޢͧྵĄ׎̚ĶϒШᙯܼķ̈́׎̰உ̚ ۞ĶЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎķăĶྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જķăĶܫЇƝ಴ࢦķăĶᏐ૜Ɲֶܢķඈ̶ณܑĂӮពϯ ΍ϓ̢̄જᙯܼࠎĶჸᐛ͕ᘭķăĶჸᐛ͕ᗓķ۞ጯආĂ׎πӮᇴ̶ҾᄃĶჸழ͕ᘭķăĶჸழ͕ᗓķ ۞ጯආѣព඾मளĂͷ݈׌۰۞଀̶࠰ព඾੼ٺޢ׌۰ĄΩγдĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ̈́׎̰உ̚۞Ķ኏ࡎƝ ԽᑝķăĶᚮۋƝ๺ӷķᄃĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķඈ̶ณܑ݋ពϯ΍Ǖϓ̢̄જᙯܼࠎĶჸழ͕ᗓķ۞ጯ ආĂ׎πӮᇴព඾੼ٺĶჸᐛ͕ᘭķăĶჸழ͕ᘭķ۰ĂͷĶჸᐛ͕ᗓķ۰Ϻព඾੼ٺĶჸᐛ͕ᘭķ ۰Ą҃дĶ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹķ۞Шޘ˯Ă݋ពϯ΍Ķჸᐛ͕ᗓķăĶჸழ͕ᗓķ۰Ă׎଀̶ព඾੼ٺĶჸ ᐛ͕ᘭķ۞ጯආĄ ტЪٙࢗĂώࡁտඕڍពϯĈϓ̢̄જᙯܼᛳٺĶჸᐛ͕ᘭķݭ۞ጯආĂдĶϒШᙯܼķᄃ׎̰ உ̚۞̶ณܑ̝଀̶࠰ព඾੼ٺĶჸழ͕ᗓķݭ۞ጯආćҌٺдĶ࢑Шᙯܼķᄃ׎Ч̰உ۞̶ณܑ ̚ĂĶჸழ͕ᗓķݭ۞ጯආ̝଀̶࠰ព඾੼ٺĶჸᐛ͕ᘭķݭ۞ጯආĄ ܑ 5 ̙Тϓ̢̄જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝តளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑĞN=850ğ ̶ณܑЩჍ Wilk’s ɉ Fࣃ ְޢͧྵ .790*** ϒШᙯܼ 56.079*** ჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᗓăჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᘭ ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᗓăჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎ 46.621*** ჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᗓăჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᘭ ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᗓăჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જ 38.892*** ჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᗓăჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᘭ ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᗓăჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ܫЇƝ಴ࢦ 38.822*** ჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᗓăჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᘭ ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᗓăჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ Ꮠ૜Ɲֶܢ 44.924*** ჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᗓăჸᐛ͕ᘭŵჸழ͕ᘭ ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᗓăჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ࢑Шᙯܼ 17.643*** ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭăჸழ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭ ჸழ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹ 7.740*** ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭăჸழ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭ ჸழ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ኏ࡎƝԽᑝ 12.908*** ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭăჸழ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭ ჸழ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ᚮۋƝ๺ӷ 8.706*** ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭăჸழ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭ ᇲຍƝ֨኎ 19.103*** ჸᐛ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭăჸழ͕ᗓŵჸᐛ͕ᘭ ჸழ͕ᗓŵჸழ͕ᘭ ො *** p Ŵ.001 αă઼̈ጯආ۞ଐჰം˧ᄃТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝मள̶ژ дซҖ఺ొ̶۞ଣ੅̝݈Ăࡁտ۰˜Аͽଐჰം˧ࠎҋតีĂ૟ጯආ۞ଐჰം˧ᓁ̶ֶπӮᇴ ˯ă˭Ч˘࣎ᇾ໤मડ̶јĶ੼̶௡ķᄃĶҲ̶௡ķĂ׎̚੼̶௡۞଀̶̬ٺ 132 ̶Ƃ 158 ̶̝มĂҲ

̶௡۞଀̶̬ٺ 106 ̶Ƃ 131 ̶̝มĄ̝ޢГͽТጓ̢જᙯܼࠎֶតีĂଳϡಏЯ̄кតีតளᇴ̶ ژĂፂѩଣ੅̙Тଐჰം˧௡Ҿ۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼߏӎѣमளĄ ܑ 6 ݋ࠎ̙Тଐჰം˧௡Ҿ۞઼̈ጯආ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼតளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑĄଂܑΞۢɉࣃ ࠎ.759 Ă྿.001 ព඾ͪ໤Ăពϯଐჰം˧௡Ҿ̙Т۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎Тጓ̢જᙯܼ׍ѣព඾मளĄ̝ޢ ࡁտ۰ГಶТጓ̢જᙯܼЧ̶ณܑซҖಏតณ F ҂រĂඕڍពϯĈдĶϒШᙯܼķᄃĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ ˯Ăଐჰം˧௡Ҿ̙Т۞઼̈ጯආ̝ F ࣃ࠰྿.001 ۞ព඾ͪ໤ĞFĞ1, 587ğ=162.212 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć F Ğ1, 587ğ= 18.171 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĂܑϯ̙Тଐჰം˧௡Ҿ۞઼̈ጯආĂд఺׌࣎Шޘ˯׍ѣព඾मளĄ ׎̚дĶϒШᙯܼķ˯Ăଐჰം˧ࠎĶ੼̶௡ķ۞ጯආĂ׎πӮព඾੼ٺĶҲ̶௡ķ۞ጯආćҭд Ķ࢑Шᙯܼķ͞ࢬĂଐჰം˧ᛳٺĶҲ̶௡ķ۞ጯආĂ׎πӮ݋ព඾੼ٺĶ੼̶௡ķ۞ጯආĄ ѩγĂಶТጓ̢જᙯܼЧ̶ณܑ۞ඕڍֽ࠻ĂдĶϒШᙯܼķ۞̰உ̚ĂĶЪүƝӀۤົҖ ࠎķăĶྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જķăĶܫЇƝ಴ࢦķăĶᏐ૜ƝֶܢķӮӔன΍ଐჰം˧ࠎ੼̶௡ᄃҲ̶௡۞ ઼̈ጯආĂ׎πӮᇴ࠰྿ព඾मளĞFĞ1, 587ğ=122.975 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ1, 587ğ=82.927 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ1, 587ğ=96.633 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ1, 587ğ=113.823 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĂͷ੼̶௡۞ጯආ଀̶࠰ ੼ٺҲ̶௡۞ጯආĄ׎ѨĂಶĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ۞̰உ҃֏ĂĶ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹķăĶ኏ࡎƝԽᑝķăĶᚮۋƝ ๺ӷķᄃĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķඈ̶ณܑϺពϯ΍Ĉଐჰം˧ࠎ੼̶௡ᄃҲ̶௡۞઼̈ጯආĂ׎πӮᇴӮ྿ ព඾मளĞFĞ1, 587ğ=6.738 Ă p Ŵ.01 ć FĞ1, 587ğ=24.103 Ă p Ŵ.001 ć FĞ1, 587ğ=5.330 Ă p Ŵ.05 ć FĞ1, 587ğ=18.304 Ă p Ŵ.001ğĂͷҲ̶௡۞ጯආ଀̶࠰੼ٺ੼̶௡۞ጯආĄ ტЪٙࢗĂώࡁտඕڍពϯ΍Ǖଐჰം˧ᛳٺĶ੼̶௡ķ۞઼̈ጯආĂдТጓ̢જᙯܼ۞ĶϒШ ᙯܼķ̈́׎ٙஉᄏ۞Ч̶࣎ณܑ̚Ă଀̶࠰ព඾੼ٺĶҲ̶௡ķ۞ጯආć҃ଐჰം˧ᛳٺҲ̶௡۰Ă дĶ࢑Шᙯܼķ̈́׎ٙஉᄏ۞Ч̶ณܑ̚Ă׎଀̶࠰ព඾੼ٺ੼̶௡۞ጯආĄ ܑ 6 ̙Тଐჰം˧۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝តளᇴ̶ژၡࢋܑĞN=589ğ ̶ณܑЩჍ Wilk’s ɉ Fࣃ ܢො .759*** ϒШᙯܼ 162.212*** ੼̶௡ŵҲ̶௡ ЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎ 122.975*** ੼̶௡ŵҲ̶௡ ྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જ 82.927*** ੼̶௡ŵҲ̶௡ ܫЇƝ಴ࢦ 96.633*** ੼̶௡ŵҲ̶௡ Ꮠ૜Ɲֶܢ 113.823*** ੼̶௡ŵҲ̶௡ ࢑Шᙯܼ 18.171*** ੼̶௡ŴҲ̶௡ ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹ 6.738** ੼̶௡ŴҲ̶௡ ኏ࡎƝԽᑝ 24.103*** ੼̶௡ŴҲ̶௡ ᚮۋƝ๺ӷ 5.330* ੼̶௡ŴҲ̶௡ ᇲຍƝ֨኎ 18.304*** ੼̶௡ŴҲ̶௡ ො *p Ŵ.05 ** p Ŵ.01 *** p Ŵ.001

ඕ ኢ ᄃ ޙ ᛉ

˘ăඕኢ Ğ˘ğ̙ТّҾ۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝मள̶ژ ॲፂώࡁտඕڍĂΞۢշẵጯආдĶ઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼณܑķ۞଀̶ѣព඾मளĂ׎̚д ĶϒШᙯܼķ̈́׎̰உ̚۞ĶЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎķăĶܫЇƝ಴ࢦķăĶᏐ૜ƝֶܢķඈШޘ˯ẴϠ ۞଀̶Ӯព඾੼ٺշϠćҭߏĶྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જķ۞ᆸࢬ̚ĂّҾ۞मள̙֭ព඾ĄѩγĂдĶ࢑Ш ᙯܼķ̈́׎̰உ̚۞Ķ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹķăĶ኏ࡎƝԽᑝķăĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķඈШޘ˯ĂշϠ۞଀̶࠰ព඾ ੼ٺ̃ϠćҭߏĶᚮۋƝ๺ӷķ۞ᆸࢬ˯ĂّҾ۞मள݋̙ព඾Ąᙯٺ˯ࢗඕڍ۞јЯĂΞଂ̙Т۞ ֎ޘ̷ֽˢଣ੅Ăਬ̶ࢗт˭Ĉ ࢵАĂ̙ТّҾ۞׊ආĂдᏴፄྼᑚีϫॡಶѣमளхдĂ׎ٙ૲ֽ۞ˠᅫ̢જᇆᜩ˵Ϥѩ҃ ϠĄ˘ਠ҃֏ĂշϠಈᝌજၗ۞ă௖ᕶ۞ăઐࢦ۳វ߿જ۞ăඕၹّྵҲ۞ྼᑚć҃̃Ϡ݋้Шٺᐖ ၗ۞ăਕኬ̟ྵкଐຏϹ߹۞߿જĂͧтᘱ൪ĂٕەԷछछ੧ĞGifford-Smith ō Brownell, 2003 ćเ ێ̥ᛌĂϔ 88ğĄϤٺ΁ࣇ၆ྼᑚ߿જઐр۞̙ТĂֹ଀շϠдᄃТጓ̢જॡĂटٽ΍னྵк۞኏ࡎ ಞࢬٕԽᑝҖࠎĂซ҃ӄܜ˞׎࢑Ш۞Тጓ̢જᙯܼć࠹ͅгẴϠ݋ົૈዳ΍੼ݡኳ۞ۤົ̢જᄃ ЪүҖࠎĞเێ̥ᛌĂϔ 88ğĂଂ҃ܳซ˞сࣇϒШ۞Тጓ̢જᙯܼĄ ׎ѨĂۤົ˯кΗခᐽշޅ̄ણᄃᚮۋّ۞ጬ੽Ă̙͉҃ᄮТ΁ࣇѣ͉к۞ТଐҖࠎĞӓϲျ ᛌĂϔ 76ğĄѩγẴޅ૱జခᐽࢋԷႊĶଐຏّ۞֎ҒķĂᛊтࢋ̥ຎăѣຑ͕ăਕୂዟ۞ᛇ၅΁ ˠ۞ᅮՐඈćҭշޅݒజഇధјࠎ׍ѣ͚੨˧ăڍᕝ˧ă᝝˧ăಈрᚮۋ۞ˠĞڒჴ൉ᛌĂϔ 84ğĄ ϒЯࠎշẵϠдܜഇ۞ّҾ̶̼ᄃିዳ࿅඀̚Ăצז̙ТࢬШ۞͔ጱĂ߇׎ۤົ൴णົѣٙमளĄ Г۰Ă̙ТّҾ۞׊ආĂдᄃТጓ̢જֽـॡĂົѣ̙Т۞ԛёᄃ̰உĄּтĈ LaddĞ1999ğ ۞ࡁտ൴னǕշϠᄃТጓ̢જॡĂкΗͽĶဥវķ۞ݭၗ΍னĂҭ̃ϠݒΞਕΪྫྷ˘ă˟ҜᏐ૜۞Т ّϾҡֽـĄ่̙тѩẴϠϺ඾ࢦᄃТጓр̓ม۞࠹ҬّăᏐ૜ຏă੼ޘ۞ҋԧ೬ᜨăᄃ࠹̢͚޺ ۞ᙯܼĄ࠹ԛ̝˭Ăᔵ൒շϠ˵ົѣ౵ࢋр۞ڈ̓Ăݒ̙ည̃Ϡ֤ᆃᙯڦكѩ۞Ꮠ૜ّĂଵ΁ّ˵̙ ົ֤ᆃૻĞӓϲျᛌĂϔ 76ğĄ ტЪٙࢗĂΞ࠻΍ّҾд׊ආТጓ̢જ൴ण˯ٙயϠ۞मளć൒҃ᔘѣ׎΁Я৵ᇆᜩ඾շẵጯ ආ۞Тጓ̢જĂֹ଀݈۰֏Җᓝͤྵࠎҋ൒̙ٲăৌ၁҃தৌĂ҃ޢ۰ݒྵटٽึڇٺТጓဥវĂण னЪүӀ΁۞ҖࠎĂЯѩĂ੫၆շආ۞ࡁտඕڍ̙آ̟ͽᇾច̼Ă҃ᑕခᐽշ̃ϠഈШӮᏊ۞൴ण͞ ШĂֹ׎ਕдٙ఍۞Тጓဥវ̚Ăޙϲ੓̢ܫ̢ӄă׶ᏘᏉࠀ۞̢જᙯܼĄ Ğ˟ğ̙Тѐ৺۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝मள̶ژ ॲፂώࡁտඕڍĂពϯ̙Тѐ৺۞ጯආдĶ઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼณܑķ۞଀̶ѣព඾मள׎̚ дĶϒШᙯܼķ̰உ̚۞ĶЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎķхѣѐ৺मளĂͷ̱ѐ৺۞଀̶ព඾੼ٺ̣ѐ৺ćҭ ߏĶྼᑚƝᓑЪ߿જķăĶܫЇƝ಴ࢦķăĶᏐ૜ƝֶܢķඈШޘ˯Ăѐ৺۞मள̙֭ព඾ĄѩγĂд Ķ࢑Шᙯܼķ̈́׎̰உ̚۞Ķ͚੨Ɲ޽ֹķăĶ኏ࡎƝԽᑝķăĶᚮۋƝ๺ӷķăĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķඈШޘ ˯Ă˵хд඾ѐ৺۞मளĂͷ̱ѐ৺۞଀̶࠰ព඾੼ٺαѐ৺ć่̙тѩĂдĶ࢑ШᙯܼķăĶ͚੨ Ɲ޽ֹķăĶᇲຍƝ֨኎ķ͞ࢬĂ̱ѐ৺۞଀̶Ϻព඾੼ٺ̣ѐ৺Ąፋវ҃֏Ăώࡁտ۞ඕڍᄃкҜ ጯ۰۞ኢࢗ࠹ܕҬĂਬ̶ࢗтޢĄ

Boggianoă Klinger ᄃ MainĞ1986ğഅ޽΍Ǖ׊ආ۞ТጓᙯܼົЯࠎѐ᛬҃ѣ̙ٙТĄॲፂ

Selmanᄃ JaquetteĞ1977ğٙ೩۞̣ล߱൴णኢ̚Ă˩˟໐Ğ̱ѐ৺ğͽ˯۞׊ආ̏ฟؕซˢĶҋ൴

ֳĄГ۰Ă Sullivan ˵അ੫၆ѐ᛬ྵ̂۞׊ආĂଣ੅׎̓ኖᙯܼĂଂ̚൴னזǕѩॡഇ۞׊ආ၆ٺҋ ̎ᄃ΁ˠ̝ม۞ගצᙯܼĂѣ˞˘൫າ۞វᄮć΁ࣇົޥ҂ĈĶԧྍިᆃઇĂ̖ਕֹࣃ଀ԧᙯᘃ۞р ڈ̓ԣሄĂֹٕ΁дຏצ˯଀זۺؠᄃ͚޺ĉķĞ͔ҋӓϲျᛌĂϔ 76ğĄ่̙тѩĂѣጯ۰ᄮࠎѐ ܜ۞׊ආ׎ۤົੈि۞఍நਕ˧ྵָĂٙͽͧѐρ۞׊ආՀਕᛇ၅΍ᅮࢋᑒѓ۞ੈཱིٕቢ৶Ăซ҃೩ ֻםӄĞڒჴ൉ᛌĂϔ 84ğĄϤѩΞۢĂᐌ඾ѐ᛬۞ᆧܜĂ׊ආ෸ਕणனТந΁ˠăםӄ΁ˠăᙯᘃ ΁ˠᅮՐඈӀۤົҖࠎĄტЪͽ˯۞ኢࢗĂ֭၆໰ώࡁտ۞ඕڍĂ൴னдĶЪүƝӀۤົҖࠎķ۞Ш ޘ˯Ă̱ѐ৺۞ጯආ଀̶౵੼Ăᄃ˯ࢗ۞ࡁտඕڍᅲࠎ࠹௑Ą ጐგтѩĂώࡁտд࢑Ш۞Тጓ̢જᙯܼ̚Ăݒ˵൴ன̱ѐ৺ጯආ۞଀̶ព඾੼ٺαѐ৺ٕ̣ѐ ৺۞ጯආĂѩඕڍ˵ᄃೀҜጯ۰۞៍ᕇ࠹ܕҬĄּтĈ HartupĞ1974ğഅ೩΍ǕĶᇲຍّ۞Խᑝົᐌ ඾ѐ᛬۞ᆧܜ҃ᆧΐĄķѩ˜ߏ໚ٺѐܜ۞׊ආ׍ѣྵᆯሢ۞֎Ғפആਕ˧Ğperspective-taking abilityğĂྵਕଯᕝ΁ˠ۞જ፟׶ຍဦćЯѩдТጓ̢જ۞࿅඀̚ĂࡶТҡܑன΍๋चّ۞ҖࠎĂ΁ࣇ ົͧѐρ۞׊ආՀୂٺઍീ΍ԽᑝຍШĂซ҃၆Խᑝ۰߉̟ಡೇĄķѩγĂ LoeberĞ1982ğ˵޽΍Ǖ χߛᄃᇲຍԽᑝ۞੼पߏдܦ͌ѐܐഇĞ˩ˬƂ˩̣໐ğĂ̝ޢ̖ົు႙˭ࢫĞ͔ҋڒჴ൉ᛌĂϔ 84ğć̱҃ѐ৺۞ጯආϒࣃ݈ܦߋഇĂᄃ˯ࢗ۞ล߱˩̶ତܕĂΐͽ఺ॡഇ۞׊ආ͕֗ېၗ̏ฟؕய Ϡត̼ĂЯϠநЯ৵҃ጱ࡭኏જّᆧΐĂΞਕ˵ߏӄܜ׎࢑ШТጓ̢જ۞ቡϤĄ ტЪ֏̝Ăॲፂώࡁտ۞ඕڍĂពϯ̱ѐ৺ߏТጓ̢જ൴ण۞ࢦࢋॡഇĂЯѩ৭дିֈ۞ϲಞĂ छܜᄃҁरᑕк܅˘ֱॡมĂΝᙯ̷׎ᄃТጓ࠹఍۞ଐԛĂ֭ዋॡ۞೩ֻםӄᄃ͔ጱĂֹ΁ࣇਕഈ඾ ϒШӀ΁۞͞ШΝ൴णĂͽᆧซ׎ˠᅫᙯܼ۞๪႕ᄃ׶ᏘĄ Ğˬğ̙Тछलඕၹ۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝मள̶ژ ॲፂώࡁտඕڍĂΞۢᗕᏐछल۞ጯආдТጓ̢જᙯܼ͞ࢬĂͧಏᏐछल۞ጯආՀਕᏉˢТጓဥ វ۞ྼᑚă߿જĂᄃ̂छ೚ԣгەሄд˘੓Ą࠹ͅгĂಏᏐछल۞ጯආྵटٽᄃТጓ൴Ϡ኏ࡎĂྵົ ᄃˠᚮۋăͧྵĂٕ๺ӷ΁ˠĂͷ̰д۞ᇲຍຏ׶֨኎͕˵ͧྵૻĄፋវ҃֏Ăώࡁտඕڍᄃ઼̰γ ኜк۞ࡁտඕڍ࠹௑Ăਬ̶ࢗтޢĄ Marsha ᄃ BarbaraĞ1983ğ۞ࡁտពϯĈಏᏐ׊ආͧԆፋछल۞ ׊ආѣྵૻ۞؝ϲّĂ׎ۤົშඛ˵̙͉ᘦؠĄѩγĂϤٺಏ֗۞ͭϓυืࠎϠ߿γ΍̍үĂ൑ڱ૱ ౖҡޅ̄ણᄃᚮᔈ߿જٕྼᑚĂ൑ԛ̚ࢫҲ˞ޅආᄃڈ̓Ϲـ̢જ۞ᐛதĂˠᅫᙯܼ˵ົצזᇆᜩĄ ߇ಏᏐछल۞׊ආ૱ҋᛇۤົਕ˧ྵमĂᙱͽᏉˢТጓဥវ۞ྼᑚĂٕྫྷТጓ˘๴׊൴ण΍ВТಈр ۞߿જĞ͔ҋᆒϖ̮Ăϔ 77ğĄΩγĂӓᐖፔĞϔ 83ğ݋޽΍ǕಏᏐ̄̃ΞਕЯछચ۞̶ፉĂ൑ԛ̚ ഴ͌˞ᄃТጓ࠹఍۞፟ົĂֹ׎ˠᅫ̢જྵࠎ୶႐ăழᗓĄдώࡁտ̚Ă൴னಏᏐ׊ආྵᙱᏉˢТጓ ဥវ۞ྼᑚ׶߿જĂ˵ྵᙱ൴ण΍ϒШ۞Тጓ̢જᙯܼĂᄃ˯ࢗ۞ࡁտඕڍᅲࠎ˘࡭Ą ѩγĂдώࡁտ̚ĂϺ൴னಏᏐ׊ආдĶ࢑Шᙯܼķᄃ׎ٙஉᄏ۞ೀ࣎ᆸࢬ˯Ă଀̶࠰ព඾੼ٺ ᗕᏐछल۞׊ආĂѩඕڍᄃкҜጯ۰۞៍ᕇ࠹ܕҬĄࢵАĂͭϓ۞૓ބયᗟ̙֭ߏઊ൴۞Ă҃ߏႝܜ ۞኏ࡎ࿅඀Ăιᇆᜩ׊ආϠ߿ዋᑕᄃ͕֗൴णࠤ࿝Ăटٽጱ࡭׊ආ۞ଐჰયᗟĂ֭யϠԽᑝٕۤͅົ ҖࠎĞ͔ҋң࡚ႱĂϔ 91ğĄ׎ѨĂӓᐖፔĞϔ 83ğăเ૾ำĞϔ 87ğ˵ᕩৼ΍ǕಏᏐछल۞̄̃ҋ ᛇᄃி̙ТĂ҃ព଀ҋןăੜᒺăଐຏྵࠎҽ႐Ă͍ѣࠤ۰ĂΞਕЯଐჰӧᕘᖼͽԽᑝҖࠎֽކࠈĂ ࡭ֹˠᅫዋᑕயϠӧᙱĂ̙ٽᄃˠயϠ։р̢જĄ Ϥ˯ΞۢĂछलඕၹ۞ྋ௡Ăֹٕ׊ආ۞͕ីᄋצ˞ᑅ˧׶ౚᇆĂٕืፉ࢑ྵк۞छચᄃయЇĂ Я҃ត଀ྵࠎୂຏăѝሢĂܜഇ˭ֽΞਕࠎ׎јܜः˭̙Ӏ۞Я̄Ăࡶ൑ڱᒔ଀։р۞͔ጱĂޝΞਕ ົ΍னҖࠎઐमĂᇆᜩ˞΁ࣇ۞Тጓ̢જᙯܼĄϒЯтѩĂछलඕၹ۞ԆፋᄃӎĂд׊ආТጓᙯܼ۞ ൴ण˯ѣ׎ࢦࢋّćপҾߏಏᏐ׊ආٙࢋࢬᓜ۞҂រĂ˫ͧᗕᏐ׊ආֽ଀ՀкĂ߇ѩன෪ߊߏ˘჌ᛋ ੈĂϺߏࣃ଀ᙯ̷ăͷϏֽܨᅮࢦෛ۞ኝᗟĄ

Ğαğ̙ТᏐ̢̄જᙯܼ۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝मள̶ژ ॲፂώࡁտ۞ඕڍĂ൴னࡶᏐ̄มਕѣྵк۞࠹఍̢જॡมĂͷд͕ីᆸࢬ˯ܲѣ໢ືă͚޺ă ᄮТăᔴᛳඈຏצĂ݋׊ආдϒШ۞Тጓᙯܼ˯Ăົѣྵࠎ։р۞ܑனĄ̝ͅĂࡶᏐ̝̄มᔿֽ͌ـ ٕϹ߹Ăͷᗕ͞д͕ந̢જ˯ྵࠎழᅈĂͣ৿˞၆كѩ۞ֶܢຏٕᕩᛳຏĂ݋׊ආдᄃТጓ࠹఍̢જ ॡĂົࢬᓜྵкܡᘣĄፋវ҃֏Ăώࡁտ۞ඕڍᄃ઼̰γкҜጯ۰۞៍ᕇăኢࢗ࠹௑Ăਬ̶ࢗтޢĄ ధкጯ۰ౌ˘࡭ᄮࠎ׊ආᄃТጓ۞̓ኖ൴णਕ˧Ă໚ҋٺछल̰ొ۞ˠᅫᙯܼĞHartup, 1974Ē Cassidy & Parke, 1992ĒCarson & Parke, 1996ğĂ఺༊̚˫ͽᏐ̢̄જᙯܼ౵׍ᇆᜩ˧ć̝ٙͽтѩĂ ߏЯࠎᏐ̝̄มଐჰ۞ܑ྿͞ёĂᄃଐຏϹ߹۞̰உĂົд൑ԛ̚ᇆᜩ׊ආ็ᅍଐຏ۞ԫμĂֹ଀ච ٺܑᜨϒШଐຏ۞׊ආĂྵटٽצזТጓ۞ᝌܓᄃତৼĞCarson & Parke, 1996ğĄѩγĂࡁտ൴னࡶ ͭϓ၆ޅ̄۞ੈिਕዋ༊ͅᑕăਕዋޘ႕֖ޅ̄۞ᅮՐĂ݋ޅ̄ົͧྵѣщБຏĂ˵ጾѣྵָ۞ۤϹ ਕ˧ĞഅბৌĂϔ 89ğĄ Г۰Ăଂֶܢநኢ۞֎ޘֽ࠻ĂщБֶܢݭ۞ޅආдᄃˠ̢જॡĂਕܑன΍ྵ੼۞Ъүّă၆ˠ ͧྵ̓චăّ࣎ྵࠎγШ̙҃ҋౕĄ่̙тѩĂ΁ࣇᄃТጓ˘੓ྼᑚॡĂणன΍ѣड़۞ۤົԫμĂਕ μӻг̼ྋ኏ࡎĂЯ҃јࠎ̂छ۞рڈ̓ᄃрϾҡĞเێ̥ᛌĂϔ 88ğĄѩγĂϤٺщБֶܢݭ۞׊ ආྵਕវົ΁ˠ۞ᅮՐ׶ຏᛇĂٙͽਕጾѣྵк͕ۢ۞ڈ̓Ăֳѣྵк۞ۤົ͚޺Ăдဥវ̚˵ਕצ זᝌܓ׶ۺؠĞᏥِӖĂϔ 90ğĄ࠹ԛ̝˭Ă̙щБֶܢࢲॾ۞׊ආĂѣֱົ၆ТጓயϠழᗓٕ࢑ࢬ ۞៍ຏĂֹ΁ࣇٽצТጓ۞ଵᑟᄃԽᑝĂឰТጓະ҃ᅈ̝Ğเێ̥ᛌĂϔ 88ğĄ ᕩৼ֏̝Ăֶܢᙯܼ˵ᛳٺᏐ̢̄જᙯܼ۞ቑᘞĂͽщБֶܢݭ۞׊ආࠎּĂд׎јܜ࿅඀̚Ă ͭϓ่̙ᙸຍ܅кॡมᄃ΁ࣇ࠹఍̢જĂᔘਕዋޘаᑕ΁ࣇ۞ᅮՐĂֹޅ̄ਕෛͭϓࠎщБ۞ಢᕑĂ ၆ͭϓயϠᔴᛳຏăܫЇຏĂ૟఺჌ᘦؠΞያ۞Ꮠ̢̄જሀёஎങ͕̚Ăซ҃٤णז͟ޢᄃТጓˠᅫ ᙯܼć̝ͅĂಶ̙щБֶܢࢲॾ۞׊ආֽᄲĂϤٺ΁ࣇଂ໰ᜪ۰۞ܑனགྷរזྵк۞١඗ٕنෛĂ৿ ͌˞໢ື̈́ᇬᇐĂ၆ˠटٽயϠᇲຍ׶̙ܫЇຏĂˠᅫᙯܼ۞൴ण˵ົצזܡᘣĄ ѩγĂтڍ׊ආᄃͭϓม۞̢જᙯܼྵࠎ࢑Шٕ኏ࡎĂ݋ົֹ΁ࣇ۞јܜዎצזྵ̂۞ӧᙱ ĞYih-Lan Liu, 2003ğĄᓝּֽᄲĂࡶ׊ආ૱གྷរזֽҋͭϓ۞Բෞă޽యٕᚑࡳ۞ࢋՐĂឰكѩ۞̢ જౝˢღૺ̙щ۞П፟̚Ă݋ѩ࢑ࢬᙯܼົ̰̼זޅආ۞͕྆Ăֹ΁ࣇटٽܑன΍ԽᑝăܬரඈҖ ࠎĂٕЯҋ಴צזރ਎҃ត଀ੜᒺĂचُᄃˠତᛈĂซ҃ౄјТጓᙯܼ۞๋चĞCarson & Parke, 1996ğĄ ፋវ֏̝Ăώࡁտ۞ඕڍᄃ˯ࢗ۞ኢᕇᅲࠎ࠹௑ĂϺӈᏐ̢̄જᙯܼ۞։⯅Ăົͅߍдޅ̄Тጓ ᙯܼ۞൴ण˯Ă఺д׊ආ൴णᄃᏐᖚିֈᅳા̚Ăߏࣃ଀ᙯ̷ᄃࢦෛ۞ᛉᗟĄ Ğ̣ğ̙Тଐჰം˧ܑன۞઼̈ጯආТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝मள̶ژ ॲፂώࡁտ۞ඕڍĂΞ࠻΍ଐჰം˧։р۞ጯආĂྵਕᄃˠЪүăणனӀ΁ҖࠎćѩγĂ΁ࣇྵ ਕᏉˢТጓဥវ۞ྼᑚ׶߿જĂਕૉᒔ଀̂छ۞ܫЇᄃ಴ࢦĂ˵ྵਕ၆ТጓயϠᏐ૜ຏăᔴᛳຏĂٙ ͽፋវ҃֏Ă΁ࣇྵѣਕ˧൴ण΍ϒШ۞Тጓ̢જᙯܼĄ࠹ͅгĂଐჰം˧ྵम۞ጯආĂटٽ͚੨ٕ ޽ֹ΁ˠĂٽᄃˠ൴Ϡ኏ࡎ׶৾ۋĂྵ૱Ꮈ੓ᚮۋăͧྵ̝͕Ă၆ˠ۞ᇲຍຏă֨኎͕˵ྵૻĄϒЯ тѩĂ΁ࣇͧྵѣΞਕ൴ण΍࢑Ш۞Тጓ̢જĄტЪ֏̝Ăώࡁտ۞ඕڍᄃ઼̰γкҜጯ۰۞៍ᕇٕ ኢࢗ࠹ܕҬĂਬ̶ࢗтޢĄ Malouffᄃ SchutteĞ1998ğ޽΍Ǖଐჰം˧ܑனྵᐹ۞ˠĂ׍ѣྵр۞ۤົዋᑕ˧Ăᄃྵ੼ځ۞ ۤϹԫμć҃ޢ۰ϒߏ࣎វᄃˠ̢જăତᛈॡ۞ማ໣጗ĂЯѩ੼ EQ ۞ˠĂϤٺ΁ࣇྵਕТநҾˠă ྵਕᄃˠЪүă˵ᑖ଀ϡкᇹ۞ੈिΝଯᕝҾˠ۞ଐჰېၗĂٙͽਕޙϲྵ։р۞ˠᅫᙯܼĂצז̂ छ۞ಈຑᄃᝌܓĞ͔ҋ Schutte et al., 2001ğĄ Г۰Ă Salovey ᄃ MayerĞ1990ğෛଐჰം˧ࠎۤົം˧۞˘ᙷĂ҃ۤົം˧ߏ࣎ˠᒢྋҾˠ֭

ԁචགྷᒉˠᅫᙯܼ۞ਕ˧ĂЯѩ੼ EQ ۰Ăдᛇ၅ҋԧଐჰăԁචგநҋԧଐჰ̝ዶĂᔘਕᒢྋ΁ˠ ۞ଐჰĂ֭׍ѣჯᘭˠᅫᙯܼ۞ਕ˧Ğ͔ҋเ೎೎Ăϔ 91ğĄΩγ GolemanĞ1995ğ˵ૻአǕдˠᄃ ˠޙϲᙯܼăჯ޺ᙯܼ˯Ăଐჰം˧Էႊ˞ࢦࢋ۞֎Ғć߇׊ආೠ೪΁ˠଐຏ۞ਕ˧Ăͽ̈́၆ҋ֗ଐ ຏ۞ќٸਕ˧Ăᇆᜩ඾΁ࣇਕӎ൴ण΍։р۞ˠᅫᙯܼĄ׎݈̚۰ߏˠᅫᙯܼ۞੼ޘᘹఙĂᅮࢋ׊ආ дυࢋॡܑனҋט˧ĂАҹטҋ̎۞ଐჰĂซ҃൴೭Тந͕Ăਕϡ΁ˠ۞֎ޘన֗఍гࠎˠ඾ຐćޢ ۰݋ֹ׊ආणன΍ਜ਼ˠ۞ّ࣎ĂឰТጓሄٺᄃֽ̝ـٕᏐܕĂ߇टٽјࠎཏវ̚צᝌܓ۞ˠۏĄ д઼̰ࡁտ͞ࢬĂౘ㉞ᐷĞϔ 90ğ˵൴னĈ׊ආ۞ଐჰം˧ᄃˠᅫᙯܼ׍ѣϒ࠹ᙯćຍӈ׊ආ ۞ଐჰം˧෸੼Ăˠᅫᙯܼົ෸рĄΩγĂᏥِӖĞϔ 90ğϺᄮࠎǕдଐჰം˧޽ᇾ̚Ăࡶ׊ආ۞ ˠᅫᙯܼ෸рăдˠᅫม෸׍ѣયᗟםથ۞ਕ˧Ă݋ྵࠎТጓٙତৼ׶ಈຑĂͷТጓዋᑕ۞ଐڶ˵ົ ෸։рĄѩγĂౘޜ᎖Ğϔ 90ğᕩৼ΍Ǖࡶ׊ආдଐჰം˧۞ܑன˯Ăࡶͅᑕ΍ྵम۞ˠᅫଐჰᄃ ҋԧଐჰ̝Яᑕਕ˧Ăಶົ׍ѣྵк۞࢑ШଐჰĂֹ׎дᄃ΁ˠ̢જ˯ྵᙱπᘦึၰĄ ፋវ֏̝Ăώࡁտ۞ඕڍᄃ˯ࢗ۞ኢᕇᅲࠎ࠹௑ĂͷϒЯࠎଐჰം˧д׊ආТጓ̢જᙯܼ൴ण˯ ѣ׎ࢦࢋّĂٙͽĂ၆׊ආଐჰം˧۞உዳĂ૟ߏϏֽିֈᅳા̚Ăࣃ଀ࢦෛᄃར၁۞͞ШĄ ˟ăޙᛉ Ğ˘ğࢦෛ׊ආТጓ̢જᙯܼ۞གྷᒉᄃ൴ण ࠎ˞םӄ׊ආᒔ଀Հ։р۞ዋᑕᄃ൴णĂछܜ׶ҁरᑕкᙯ̷ޅආᄃТጓ࠹఍۞ଐԛĄͽّҾࠎ ּĂૄٺշ̃ආдώࡁտٙӔன΍۞Тጓ̢જᙯܼ̝मளĂٙͽآд͟૱Ϡ߿̚кஉዳշආ۞Тந͕ ᄃୂዟޘĂֹ΁ࣇጯ௫ᄃˠЪүăᑖ଀ࠎˠ඾ຐĂͽᆧซ׎Тጓ̢જ۞ݡኳĄГ۰ಶѐ৺҃ኢĂϤٺ ̱ѐ৺۞ጯආᄮۢਕ˧ྵࠎјሢĂֹ΁ࣇྵචٺᛇٕۢଯᕝТጓ۞Җࠎજ፟׶ຍဦĂЯѩछܜᄃࠎˠ रܑ۰Ăآခᐽ΁ࣇ૟఺ีਕ˧णனٺӄˠҖࠎ˯ĂᖣϤ᎕ໂϒШ۞ᖼ̼Ăഴ̙͌υࢋ۞ˠᅫ኏ࡎᄃ ৾ۋĂซ҃೩̿΁ࣇ۞Тጓ̢જᙯܼĄ Ğ˟ğ೩ֻಏᏐ׊ආ͚޺ᄃםӄĂֹ׎͕֗൴णᒔ଀։р۞͔ጱ ခᐽಏᏐ׊ආкણᄃТጓဥវ۞ྼᑚ׶߿જĂֹ׎дҋ൒۞ଐဩ̚ᄃˠ࠹఍̢જĂͽૈዳ΍ВТ ۞Ꮈ኷׶ಈрĂ૟ਕᆧซ׎ТጓᙯܼĄ่̙тѩĂछܜٕҁरᑕкᙯ̷΁ࣇଐჰ൴णĂপҾ༊׊ආ၆ ٺͭϓ۞৿यѣީެٕ̙႕ॡĂΞᖣϤ้᝘۞ԫμĂ೩ֻ΁ࣇԴྋଐჰ۞გ྽ĂᔖҺЯܜ˳۞᎕ᑅĂ ጱ࡭ˠᅫ̢જ۞ᅪᘣĄѩγĂᅃጱˠࣶΞ૟఺ᙷ׊ආ௡ј̈ဥវĂᖣϤВТགྷរ۞̶ֳĂ጖ჸ࠹̢۞ ͚޺˧ณćϺΞᎡᏴ΍ྵѣᅮࢋ۞׊ආĂࠎ΁ࣇ೩ֻ࣎Ҿ̼۞ᏙથڇચĂ˲ѩ჌჌Ă၆׎Ϡ߿ዋᑕᄃ ۤົҖࠎ۞൴णĂ૟ົߏ˘۵ࢦࢋ۞ӄ˧Ą ĞˬğࢦෛᏐ̄ᙯܼ۞གྷᒉĂૈዳ։р۞Ꮠ̢̄જሀё

މវᙯܼநኢጯ۰ Winnicott ᄮࠎǕͭϓିዳ̄̃ॡĂĶૉрķĞgood enoughğ۞ၗޘߏυࢋ۞ Ğ͔ҋ໅୹ಛă׹̥цᛌĂϔ 88ğćϺӈͭϓ̙آְְౌଳ࿅੼۞ᇾ໤ࡳՐ̄̃Ă҃ᑕ׍ѣᇅّ׶Β ट͕Ăкͽခᐽ΃ആయ౯Ăтѩ̖ਕ೩ֻ˘͚࣎޺۞ᒖဩĞholding environmentğĂឰ̄̃д·႕щБ ᄃ໢ື۞ڤಛ̚Ă၆Ϗֽܲѣܫ͕ᄃԓ୕Ą Ğαğΐૻଐჰିֈ۞ར၁ᄃଯᇃ छलᄃጯ७ᑕ೩ֻ׊ආጯ௫఍நଐჰăૈዳଐჰംᇊ۞፟ົĄࢵАĂͭϓܑ྿ҋ֗ଐჰăგநଐ ჰҋ֗ଐჰ۞ਕ˧૟ົ၆׊ආயϠሕொᐵ̼۞ᇆᜩĂٙͽࢦෛ֗ିᄃ֏ିĂߏдछल̚உዳ׊ආଐჰ ം˧۞̙˟ڱܝĄ׎ѨĂିरΞ૟ଐჰ൴णᄃˠᅫᙯܼઇඕЪâ੓Ꮙˢିጯ߿જ̚ĂᖣϤᄲ߇ְٕ ֎ҒԷႊ۞͞ёĂឰ׊ආଂ̚៍၅̙Т֎ҒЯᑕଐຏă็ᅍଐຏ۞͞ڱĄГ۰Ă੫၆ѣଐჰӧᕘٕˠ ᅫ̢જӧᙱ۞׊ආĂᅃጱވΞᖣϤ࣎ҾᏙથٕဥវᅃጱĂឰ׊ආਕд૞ຽˠࣶ۞͔ᅳ˭Ăు႙௫଀ೠ ೪ҋ֗ଐჰ۞ਕ˧ĂТॡૈዳЪآ۞ଐჰܑ྿͞ёĄ

Ğ̣ğ၆Ϗֽࡁտ۞ޙᛉ дࡁտតี˯Ăଂጯ۰ࣇ۞ࡁտ൴னĈᄃ׊ආТጓ̢જᙯܼѣᙯా۞Я৵ޝкĂּт׊ආᄃ֖͘ ม۞ᙯܼă΍ϠԔă׊ආώ֗۞ঈኳඈĂ߇Ϗֽ۞ࡁտΞᚶᜈଣ੅̝ĄѩγĂϺΞᕖ̂ࡁտቑಛĂᆧ ΐפᇹ۞ѐ᛬ᆸĂтѩΞՀځቁ࠻΍׊ආ۞Тጓ̢જᙯܼĂᐌѐ᛬ᆧܜٙயϠ۞ԼតĄ

ણ ҂ ͛ ᚥ

͞ᇊϔĞϔ 74ğĈᗓ૓Я৵ĈᏐ̄ᙯܼ̈́ጯආ̝ዋᑕĄ઼ϲέ៉̂ጯ͕நࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ͛Ą ͳ͛սĞϔ 77ğĈޅ̄۞̓ኖ͵ࠧĄέΔĈॡಡ̼͛Ą ң࡚ႱĞϔ 91ğĈ઼̚ϠछलඕၹăጯຽјಶᄃઐमҖࠎ̝ࡁտĄ઼ϲ੼ฯरቑ̂ጯିֈࡁտٙჇ ̀ኢ͛Ą ӓϲျᛌĞϔ 76ğĈ׊ආ˵ᅮࢋ̓ኖĄέΔĈॳ݄Ą ӓᐖፔĞϔ 83ğĈᗓ૓छलܦ͌ѐഇ̄̃Ϡ߿ዋᑕ̶̝ژࡁտĄڌӓ̂ጯۤົ̍үࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ ͛Ą ӓࢆؐĞϔ 87ğĈಏăᗕᏐछलܦ͌ѐۢᛇ̝ͭϓ኏ࡎăᏐ̄ᙯܼᄃ׎Ϡ߿ዋᑕ̝࠹ᙯࡁտĄ઼ϲ ၓ̼रቑ̂ጯᅃጱࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ͛Ą ѯ͛ຎĞϔ 86ğĈଐჰം˧ĞEQğຍஉ۞ГྋژĄᏙથᄃᅃጱĂ 136 ഇĂ 3-8 ࢱĄ ׹͛ഢăለ໦׶ăధፄૄăᎊഢᅛăܛፘˠăࡰᇇ㛄Ğϔ 84ğĈ͕நᄃିֈീរĄέΔĈ͕நĄ ڒჴ൉ᛌĞϔ 84ğĈۤົᄃˠॾ൴णĄέΔĈ͕நĄ D.R. Shaffer (1994). Social and personal

development. ڒ̥׶Ğϔ 89ğĈᄃଐჰВᄅǕೠ೪ᄃฟ൴Ұ۞ଐჰሕ˧ĄέΔĈາෛ౎Ą ڒϜຎĞϔ 88ğĈᏐ̄໛఼ݡኳᄃܦ͌ѐϠ߿ዋᑕăઐमҖࠎ̝࠹ᙯࡁտĄ઼ϲ߆ڼ̂ጯିֈࡁտ ٙჇ̀ኢ͛Ą ڒาයĞϔ 90ğĈ઼̈׊ආۤົࢍณгҜᄃҋෞТጓ̢જᙯܼ̝ࡁտĄᐖآ̂ጯܦ͌ѐ׊ආ჊Ӏࡁ տٙჇ̀ኢ͛Ą ڒ୿රĞϔ 91ğĈ઼̈ጯආଐჰგநᄃˠᅫᙯܼ̝ࡁտĄ઼ϲލڌरቑጯੰ઼ϔିֈࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ ͛Ą ࡧ೺೺Ğϔ 75ğĈछलᘦؠّăϓᏐିֈ඀ޘăّ̈́̄̃Ҿ၆ϓᏐିዳၗޘᄃ׊ආϠ߿ዋᑕ̝ͧྵ ࡁտĄռϲ઼̼͛̂̚ጯछ߆ࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ͛Ą ग໓ࡻĞϔ 74ğĈᏐ̢̄જሀёᄃܦ͌ѐۤົᙯܼ̝ࡁտĄ઼̼͛̂̚ጯ׊ආ჊ӀࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ ͛Ą ૺ୿ಬĞϔ 91ğĈ੼ᖚጯϠˠॾপኳăଐჰം˧ᄃጯ௫јಶǕͽ੼ฯξϲঔܦ̍થࠎּĄݑර̂ጯ გநࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ͛Ą ౘࡶշĞϔ 82ğĈ׊ආ֖͘ᙯܼᄃ̓ኖᙯܼ̝ࡁտĄ઼ϲέ៉रቑ̂ጯछ߆ିֈࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ͛Ą ౘߋսĞϔ 90ğĈ઼̈̚੼ѐ৺ጯආᏐ̄໛఼ăछलঈڤᄃᏐ̄ᙯܼ̝ࡁտĄ઼ϲလཌྷ̂ጯछलି ֈࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ͛Ą ౘޜ᎖Ğϔ 90ğĈ઼̈੼ѐ৺׊ආଐჰം˧ᄃϠ߿ዋᑕ̝࠹ᙯЯ৵ଣ੅Ą઼̼͛̂̚ጯ׊ආ჊Ӏࡁ տٙჇ̀ኢ͛Ą ౘ㉞ᐷĞϔ 90ğĈ઼̈ጯආଐჰം˧ᄃض჊ຏăˠᅫᙯܼ̈́ˠॾপኳ̝࠹ᙯࡁտĄ઼ϲލڌरቑጯ ੰିֈ͕நᄃᅃጱࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ͛Ą അბৌĞϔ 87ğĈ׊ආҖࠎෞҤᄃᅃጱĄᏙથᅃጱĂ 147 ഇĂ 38-42 ࢱĄ

അბৌĞϔ 89ğĈ׊ආҖࠎෞҤᄃᅃጱĄέΔĈ͇੺Ą ܘ൶߆Ğϔ 91ğĈณ̼ࡁտᄃ௚ࢍ̶ژĄέΔĈ̣ݑĄ ܘ൴مăౘጯԠĞϔ 92ğĈ࢕ְڇଂၗޘ։ܑ൴णၱ׎ड़ޘ̝ࡁտĄೇᎸ૯ጯಡĂ 79 ഇĂ 79-106 ࢱĄ เ૾ำĞϔ 87ğĈͭϓᗓள׊ආ၆ͭϓᗓ૓ְІᕩЯᄃЯᑕ̝ࡁտǕǕͽ˘࣎ဥវᏙથ።඀ࠎּĄ઼ ϲາѻरቑጯੰ઼ϔିֈࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ͛Ą เێ̥ᛌĞϔ 88ğĈ׊ආזܦ͌ѐഇ۞̓ኖ൴णĄέΔĈ̣ݑĄ Erwin, P. (1998). Friendship in childhood and adolescence.

เ೎тĞϔ 91ğĈᇆᜩಏᏐछलϠ߿ݡኳ࠹ᙯЯ৵̝ࡁտĄ઼̼͛̂̚ጯ׊ආ჊ӀࡁտٙჇ̀ኢ ͛Ą

เ೎೎Ğϔ 91ğĈଐჰᄃᑅ˧გநĄέΔĈૺҁर̼͛Ą

໅୹ಛă׹̥цĞϔ 88ğĈˠԧ̝มĄέΔĈ͕நĄ N. Gregory Hamilton (1990). Selif and Others Ĉ Object Relations Theory in Practice.

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Berndt, T. J., Hawkins, J. A., & Hoyle, S. G. (1986). Changes in friendship during a school year: Effect on children’s and adolescents’ impression of friendship and sharing. Child Development, 57, 1284-1297. Berndt, T. J. & Perry, T. B. (1986). Children’s perceptions of friendship as supportive relationships.

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Boggiano, A. K., Klinger, C. A., & Main D. S. (1986). Enhancing interest in peer interation: A developmental analysis. Child Development, 57, 852-861.

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Liu Y. L. (2003). Parent-child interaction and children’s depression: The relationship between parent-child interaction and children’s depression in Taiwan. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 447-457.

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ќ ቇ ͟ ഇĈ 2004 ѐ 07 ͡ 21 ͟ ˘ቇ࣒ࢎ͟ഇĈ 2004 ѐ 11 ͡ 04 ͟ ˟ቇ࣒ࢎ͟ഇĈ 2004 ѐ 11 ͡ 23 ͟ ତצΏ൳͟ഇĈ 2004 ѐ 11 ͡ 23 ͟

The Study of “Family Structure, Parents-child

Interaction, Emotional Intelligence and Interaction

between Peers” for Elementary School Students

P

IN

-H

SIN

L

O

L

EE

-

CHOU

C

HEN

Pingtung County

Department of Educational Psychology and

Neipu Elementary School

Guidence National Taiwan Normal University

The purposes of this research are:Ğ1ğedit a scale to evaluate the interactions among schoolchildren, and go on to understand the differences among schoolchildren of genders and grades.Ğ2ğexplore the differences of interaction among schoolchildren of several sorts of family structures and various parents-child interaction. Ğ3ğrevise “the scale of emotional intelligence for elementary students”, and explore the differences among schoolchildren of various emotional intelligence.Our research targets are 1393 elementary students. We have found that: Ğ1ğthe development of positive interaction between peers for schoolgirls is better than schoolboys. And the development of negative interaction between peers for schoolboys is more obvious than schoolgirls.Ğ2ğthe development of positive interaction between peers for the sixth grade is superior to other grades. However, the development of negative interaction between peers for the sixth grade is more obvious than other grades.Ğ3ğthe development of positive interaction between peers for who live with parents is superior to those living with a single parent; while the development of negative interaction between peers for those who live with a single parent is more obvious than that of those living with their parents.Ğ4ğthe development of positive interaction between peers for the type of “frequent-connection-and-mental-cohesiveness” schoolchildren is superior to that of “infrequent-connection -and -mental -in“frequent-connection-and-mental-cohesiveness” schoolchildren, while the development of negative interaction between peers for the type of “infrequentconnectionandmental incohesiveness” schoolchildren is more obvious than to the “frequentconnection -and-mental-cohesiveness” schoolchildren.Ğ5ğthe development of positive interaction between peers for schoolchildren who score high in emotional intelligence is superior to those who score low in emotional intelligence. However, the development of negative interaction between peers for those who score low in emotional intelligence is more obvious than those who score high in emotional intelligence.

KEY WORDS: Peer interaction, family structure, emotional intelligence, parents-child interaction. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 2005, 36(3), 221-240