• 沒有找到結果。

2009年高雄世運電視廣告的符號學分析—論廣告中的城市行銷與國際連結

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "2009年高雄世運電視廣告的符號學分析—論廣告中的城市行銷與國際連結"

Copied!
107
0
0

加載中.... (立即查看全文)

全文

(1)2009. i.

(2) ii.

(3) 2009. -. Barthes 85. iii.

(4) iv.

(5) …………………….……………………………………………..1 ………………….………………….……..…….1 ……………………….……………….………...9 2009. …………………………………………......11 ………………………………….……….…….16. ………………..…………………………………………...18 ..…….…………................................18 ………………...………………………....…....24 …………………...………………………….……...32 …………………………………………...38. ……………......…………………………….…….……….42 ...........................................................................................42 ………………….…………..………………………….…...49. …………………..……………...52 …………………………………....52 ……………………………………58 …………………………………..…..66 ……………………..…..72 …………………………..……………...…….79. ………………………………………………………….…...….85 …………………………………………………..….……....85 …………………………………………………89 ……………………………………………………………………………91. v.

(6) 1-1. ………………………………………………………...….16. 2-1. …………………………………………………………...…34. 2-2. …………………………………………………………...35. 3-1 Barthes. …………………………………….………….46 ……………….…………...…...48. 3-2. vi.

(7) 1-1. ………………………………….3-4. 2-1. ………………………………………..………26. 4-1. ………………………………………53-54. 4-2. ………………………………..56. 4-3. …………………………………59-60. 4-4. ……………………..………..61. 4-5. ……………………….…..63-64. 4-6. …………………………………..……..66-68. 4-7. ………………………..………..70. 4-8. …………………………….………73. 4-9. ………………………….75. 4-10. ……………………………..……76. 4-11. …………………..……77. 4-12. …..80. 4-13. —. ………………………..…82. 4-14. —. ………………………..…84. vii.

(8) 2009. 2010. The World Games. 1981. Olympic Games 2009 60 2004. 6. 14. 2011. 2004 6. 14. 1.

(9) 市長謝長廷宣布聘請行政院體委會副主委黃啟煌博士,擔任 2009 年世運會體育總監;兩人誓言要舉辦完美的世運會,讓「高雄走出去、 世界走進來」(包喬晉,2004 年 7 月 15 日)。 高雄市長謝長廷昨天在市府市政會議宣布高雄市爭取到「二○○九年 世界運動會」主辦權的喜訊;並說「台灣的國際化就要從高雄出發」(包 喬晉、楊濡嘉,2004 年 6 月 15 日)。. 2009. 陳菊說將全力配合謝長廷,合北、高兩市之力爭取 2020 年奧運在台 灣舉辦,行銷台灣,以體育為台灣爭光,爭取我國在國際舞台的空間(凌 珮君,2006 年 9 月 4 日)。. 2009 /. 2009 1990. 1998 2002. 2001 2007. 2009 2004. 6. 15. 2007 2004. 6. 15 2.

(10) 2004. 6. 2002. 14. 2004. 6. 15. 7. 2009. 2003. 2009. 5. 5. 13. 14. International World Games Association. IWGA. 2009 2003. 12. 28. 30. IWGA. Ron Froehlich. 2000. 2004. 5. 2009 2004 2004 6. 14. 2004. 2009. 6. 15. 2005. 2011. 2009. 1-1. 1-1. 2002. 7. IWGA 2009. 3. 14.

(11) 2003. 5. 13 2009. 2003. 5. 14 IWGA. 2003. 8. 2003. 11. 6-16. 2003. 12. 18-. 2009. 22. 6. IWGA. Co Koren. -20 2004. 1. 31. IWGA IWGA. 2004. 3. 29-30 Dr. Rinaldo Orlandi. 2004. 5. 12. 2004. 6. 14. IWGA. 2009. IWGA. 2009. 2011. 4.

(12) 2004 6. 14. 2004. 6. 15. slogan. 2009. 60 -- 2009. 2010. --. 2009 11 2009. 8. 12. 2009. 5. 11. 4.

(13) 2010. 2009. 2009. 2002. 2009. 7. 26. IWGA. 20 2009. 2003. 2005. 2003. 2005a. 6. 1992.

(14) 2010. 2007. 1994. 2009. 2004 7.

(15) 2008. 2008. 2009. Ranganathan & Lobo 2008. 2009. 2010. 8.

(16) 2009 2008. 2009. 1991. 2009. 2009. --. 2009 9.

(17) 2009. 2009. -. 2009. 10.

(18) 2009. 2003 2009 2004 2009. b. 1990. 2005. 2010 2009 1981. b 2005. 高雄市代理市長陳其邁在德國,接下 2009 年世界運動會的主辦 旗…德國杜易斯堡的 2005 年世運會閉幕儀式中,德國電視頻道實況轉 播,主播介紹「誰接下會旗」?「誰是下屆主辦城市」?這個簡單的 「事實」,就是台灣的高雄,但在中國壓力下,台灣被迫稱做「中華 台北(Chinese Taipei)」(包喬晉,2005 年 7 月 27 日)。. b 2005. 2008. 7. Kaohsiung Organizing Committee. KOC. 11. 5.

(19) 2008 2009. 7. 11. 16. 26. 105. 4800. 6000 2009. 2009. 7. 27. 2006. 2009 13 2005. 12 2006. 11 12. 7. 2009 2006. Open Stadium. 1. 48.47 2008. Urban Park 21. 3. 2005. 29. Spiral Continuum 2009. 12. 8. 5. 17.

(20) 2006 3. 29. 2008. 2008. 3. 9. 1. 3. 17. 2008 2011. 29. 8844 2000 1996. 110. 660 2006. 9. 12. 2008 2008. 9. 3. 29. 17 2008. 3. 29. 伊東豊雄所設計的作品,向來都能夠和當地人文、自然景觀巧妙的融 合,他非常熟稔地在建築外層覆上大自然元素…伊東豊雄眼中的高雄, 是何種面貌呢?伊東說,他在逛過六合夜市後,對於高雄市由內而外的 熱鬧與活力、陽光、海港的壯闊印象深刻,世運主場館要展現的就是這 種「內外相合的活力」(張世雅,2009 年 5 月 17 日)。. 13.

(21) 伊東豊雄分享他在世界各地的作品,並傳達其設計理念,當然,也包 括了台灣的作品「世運主場館」在內,對於「世運主場館」,他期望能 將高雄熱情、開放、海洋、自然、溫暖等意象,充分融入建築(謝雅如, 2009 年 5 月 31 日)。. 2008. 3. 2008 3. 3. 29. 2008. 29. 2002. 2009 2009. 2011. 2009. 高雄市的公共空間改造,配合重大藝文活動及城市行銷,已經共 同改變了大家對高雄的印象,工業區的煙囪、陸上奔馳的貨車已經被 城市光廊和愛河取代。. 14.

(22) KOC. 12 2006 2005a. 2009. 2004. 2009. 15. 2005a.

(23) Saussure. Barthes 5 1-1. 5. 1-1. 16.

(24) 17.

(25) IWGA 1981 32 12 12. 2006 35. 2004. 6. 15 International Olympic Commi-. ttee. IOC. 2011. 18.

(26) 2000. 10. 27. 2011. ---. ( ). 61. Lord Killanin. 1972~1980 2006. 1896 2004. 2006. Girginov. Parry 自 1896 年現代奧運會復甦以來,政治一直以一個形式或另一個方 19.

(27) 式出現在運動場上,並且對運動結構、功能及國內與國際間的關係產生 強烈的影響(許立宏譯,2004:159)。 1962. 2006. 76 1976. 1980 63 5 1992. 2004. Sport England, 1999 2008. 2004. 2008 2008. 2008 2010. 20.

(28) 2006. 1922. 1971. 1981. OO 2004 1981. 3. 23. An Agreement between the International Olympic Committee and Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee. 2004. 21. 2006.

(29) 2004. 2006. 1981. Chinese. Taipei. 2011 INTERPOL 2004. 13 14. 5 2004. 2009. 25 — ---. 2010. 2009. 2009. 34. 22.

(30) 2009 EBSCOhost Olympic. Boris. 2008. (Not just sport: the Olympic games in film and media). 1896. 2008. Tracy 2008. 21. 23.

(31) 2010. Kotler. 2009. Armstrong 2000. American Marketing Association, AMA. 2002. 1940. Borden. 2003. 2005. McCarthy P Place. Product. Price. Promotion. Grewal, 2009. 4P. Kotler P. Kotler. 2005 P. 24. 1960.

(32) 2005. Kotler & Levy 1969. 2000. 2003 Kotler. 1969. 2007. 2005 2007. service marketing marketing. 2004. goods marketing organization marketing. place marketing. idea marketing. 2003 2-1. 25. person.

(33) 2-1. 2003. Kotler. 2002. 310. 28. place marketing. 2003. Kotler 2002. Straford 26.

(34) Metaxas 2009. Malta. 2003. urban marketing. city management. place marketing. city marketing. management. 2005. --. Metaxas. 2009. Kotler. ( ). --. 2002. image marketing. 27. urban.

(35) ( ). attraction marketing. ( ). infrastructure marketing. ( ). people marketing. 2011. 2010. 2010. 11. 2010. 800 6 231. 2011. 28.

(36) 2000. 2010. Christine. 2003. 1964. 2009 2005. 2005a 2008. 2003 ○○. ─. 29.

(37) 2010. 2008 2009. 2008. 2010. 2010. - 2009. 4P. 30.

(38) 2010. 2009. F4. 4P. 31.

(39) 2005 Wernick. Leiss. 1991. 1997. Leiss. 1990. 1992. Baudrillard. 1991: 19. 1991: 21. 消費不再只是經濟行為,更轉化為種種符碼下,以被差異化了的符 號為媒介而如語言活動般的文化行為。. Leiss 1997. 20 1920 32.

(40) Boorstin 1973 communities. consumption. Boorstin 20. 1991. 2005. 2002 Barthes. 2005. ( ) ( ) ( ). 2005 2-1. 33. 1991. Barthes.

(41) 文 化 的 符 號. =. 資 訊 的 符 號. (. ). (. ). (. ). = =. =. =. 2-1 1988. 1991. 36. signifier. signified. 1991 2-1 ˊ. 2-2. 1991 34.

(42) 文 化 的 符 號. 物 的 符 號. ˊ. 2-2 1988. Williams. 1995. 218-220. ( ) ( ) ( ). Althusser 1971 Althusser. Althusser 35. 1991. 29.

(43) 2003 108 Williamson 1978: 13. 2003 111 Williamson. 1978: 13. Wernick, 1991: 23 Wernick 1991: 31. (. ). 1997. 2008. 2008 36.

(44) Saussure. Barthes. 2008. 2010. 60. 37.

(45) 2008. ∕. ∕. “ ”. 2009 38.

(46) “ ”. 3. Scalvini. 2010. Glamorizing sick bodies: how commercial advertising has changed the representation of HIV/AIDS). 90 Scalvini. plastic. iconic. 39. 1992. 1993. 1995. communicative. 2005.

(47) Scalvini. 90 90. Chris 2009. 2000-2008. Diesel. Kitsch, irony, and consumerism: A semiotic analysis of Diesel advertising Diesel. 2000. 2008. Diesel. Chris. Diesel. Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel. Diesel. Diesel Diesel. 40.

(48) —. 41.

(49) Saussure Peirce. Peirce 1931-1958. Barthes. 2008. 21 21 2008 2008. 21 (Susan, 2011). Berger 1982. Bianchi. 2011. 20. 1960. Barthes. Eco 1985 Floch. Algesheimer&. Dimpfel, 2002. Papson & Goldman. 1996. Sign wars. 1991 42.

(50) 1991 Barthes 2006. Saussure 1992 14. 2009. Peirce Saussure. signifier. signified. signifier. signified. 1995 Peirce. iconic. indexical. symbolic. 1995 1992 Saussure 1974. Course in General. Linguistics. 43.

(51) Peirce 1931-58. interpretant Saussure 2008. Peirce 1995. Saussure. syntagmatic. paradigms. M 5. 1995 Fiske 1990. Levi-Strauss. 44.

(52) A. B. A. B. A. B. Fiske. 1995. Berger. metaphor 1992. metonymy. 31. ,2008 Levi-Strauss. Levi-Strauss. 45. 1969.

(53) 1995. Barthes 1972 connotation. 3-1 mythology. denotation Saussure. 3-1 Barthes. Fiske 1990. Barthes. 46.

(54) Barthes. Barthes 1995. Barthes. 1972. the mythical. Barthes. Barthes 1957. 2004 Fiske 1990 3-2. 1995. 47.

(55) 3-2 1995. 48. 225.

(56) Saussure. Barthes. 1. KOC. Youtube. 9. —. 2 —. 3. 3. 49.

(57) 2009 5. 2008. 12. 2009. 2009. 2009. 2009. 2009. 50. 1.

(58) 2009. …. / /. 51. /.

(59) 5. 60 2008. 12. 2009. The games are Olympic won’t have. 1. The culture in the world hasn’t seen. 2. 85. A man unlike any other. By the more, on the 2009 Kaohsiung World Games, touch it! my home, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 2009. 4-1. 52. Welcome to.

(60) / The games are Olympic won’t have. The culture in the world hasn’t seen 85. 4-1. 1. 2. The games are Olympic won’t have.. 3. The 2009 World Games Kaohsiung. 4. The culture in the world hasn’t seen.. 5. 6. 85. 53.

(61) 7. 8. 9. 10 11. A man unlike any other.. “. ”. 12. WANG … 2009. 13. By the more, on the 2009 Kaohsiung World Games, touch it!. 14. Welcome to my home,. 2009. Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 15. 2009. 2009 World Games 2009 Kaohsiung. 54.

(62) 2006. 19. 18. 2007 vs.. 2006. 12. vs.. vs.. 14. vs.. vs.. The games are Olympic won’t have. -vs.. vs. 55.

(63) The culture in the world hasn’t seen 85 85. 2009 /. vs. vs.. 4-2. 4-2. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs.. 2009. 56.

(64) 2006. 10 2006. 2011. 2007 A man unlike any other. /. —. /. /. 57. 23. 2005 2007.

(65) 42. 2009. 17. 1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9. 10. 11 12 13. 14. 15 16 17. 58.

(66) It’s time 4-3. 4-3 / It’s. (. 1. time ) 2. 3 4. 7. 16. 5. 7. 16. 6. 7. 16. 7. 7. 16. 8. 1460. 9. 1460. 10. 59.

(67) 11. 12. 7. 16. 13. 7. 16. 14. 15 ( 16 7. 17. 16. 7. 16. 7. 16. ). LOGO. 4. 10. 17. 2 13. 6 12 14. 3. 9. 17 13 60.

(68) 1 2. 3. 8. 9. 11. 15. 7 16. …. 1460 …7. …7. 16 …7. 16. 16 7. 16. 4-4. 4-4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 v. v v v v v v v. v v v. v v. v v 7. (. v. v …7. 16 …7. 17) 7. v. 16. v. v v. 16. 61. v. v. v v. v. v. v …. 1460 …7. 16. v. 16.

(69) 6 12 14 16. 2008. 3. vs.. 29. vs.. vs.. vs.. 1. 11. /. vs. vs.. 62. vs..

(70) 1. 11. 1 9 2. 9. vs.. vs.. 7 …7. 16. …. 1460 …7. vs.. 16 …7. 16. 16. 7. 16. 1460. vs.. vs.. vs. 4-5. 4-5. vs. vs. vs. 63.

(71) vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs.. / 2010. 64.

(72) /. 65.

(73) 52. 85. IWGA. 4-6 4-6. 1 85. 2. 3. 66.

(74) 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12 IWGA. 13. 14. 67.

(75) 15. 16. logo. 17 7. 16. logo. 85. 3. 6. 8. 2009. 2009. 2. 68.

(76) 1. 85. ... 2009. vs. vs.. vs.. vs.. vs.. vs.. 69.

(77) vs.. vs.. Slogan. vs. vs. 4-7 4-7. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs.. vs. vs.. vs. vs. vs. 70. vs..

(78) 2005. 2008 1996 2009. 10. 2005. 2011. 2009. 4600. — / /. 71. 3.

(79) 2 2009 2008. 4 2009. 85. 85 4-8. 85. 72.

(80) 4-8. 85. 1 2 3. 4 5 6 7. 2009. 8 9. 10. 85. 2009. 4.03%. 10 73. 10. 17.

(81) 2009. 10. 18. 2011. 6. 27. 85. 28 —. vs. vs.. vs.. vs.. vs. 4-9. 74. vs. vs..

(82) 4-9. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs.. 2009. 85. 75.

(83) 85 UFO. 4-10. 4-10. 1 2 3. 3. 85. 4. 5 6 7 8 9. 85 76.

(84) 85 vs. vs.. vs.. vs.. vs.. UFO. vs.. vs.. vs. 4-11. 4-11. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. 77. vs..

(85) 85. 78.

(86) 5. / 85. 2009. /. /. 79.

(87) /. /. 85. 85. 5. 4-12. 4-12 /. 80.

(88) 5. 60. /. 1. 5. 4. 4 85. 81.

(89) 4-13 —. 4-13. 85. 2.. 2008 85. 4. 3. Kotler 2002 4 82.

(90) 4. 1. 5. 3. /. /. 83. /.

(91) 4-14 —. 4-14. 2.. 84.

(92) 2009 5. 4. 85. 85. 85. 85.

(93) Kotler 2002. --. 3. -. 86.

(94) -. 2007. 2011. 87.

(95) —. 88.

(96) KOC KOC. Youtube. 2009. 5. —. 9. 2017 2011. 12. 1. 2017. 89. Deaflympics.

(97) / /. 2017 2017 2011. 90. 2017.

(98) 2009. 2004. 6: 46. 2009. 1: 7 2009. Upaper. 7. 27. 1 2006. 2002 2009. 100: 82-87. 1992 2010 14: 201-231 ─. 2008. 2008. 2009. 2006. 2009. 156. 2005. 7. 27. 2004. 7. 15. 5. C2. 2004. B1 6. 15. 2009. B2 2008. 91.

(99) 2007. 5P. 7: 75-81 2007. 7: 52 -59. 2004 2002. 63: 134-139. 2010. 2009. 2010. 2009. Rdec-99-544 2005. :. :. 2006. 2008. 3. 29. C2. 2003. NIKE 3[1]: 43-67. 2009 2008. 10 2008. 2010. 2009. 24[3]: 33-42 2010. -. 2010 11. 2009. ( ) 099-14 http://www.npf.org.tw/post/1/8381. 92. 2010. 11.

(100) 2005. 2009. 2011. 2010. 2009 1[2]. 2009. 2003. 17. 107-114 2004. 6. 14. 2009 2004. 6. 15. 1. 2009. A4 2004 6. 15. A4 2005. 2009 9. 2006. 9. 4. C2. 2007. 9. 28. 2008. 9. 17. 2004. 6. 14. A3. C1. 4 2011 http://www.worldgames2009.tw/wg2009/cht/koc_KOC.php 2006. 93. 3.

(101) 25: 157-160 2006. 10. 23. A12. 2011 2006. 30[5]:. 83-89 2004 2009. 2009 160. 2008. 2008. 2003 1994. 21 ―. 2010 11B: 22-23 1997. 22: 35-46. 2009. 5. 17. A5 1995. (. John Fiske [1990].. Introduction to communication studies. London: Routledge.) 2008 96: 45-86 ─. 2008. 2008. 3. 29. 2009. A. 14. 94.

(102) 2008 32. 2. 3-15 2009 8: 17-33 2002. 2005. 2009 9. 1991. [1991].. 2010. 2003 2008. 35:. 181-204 2009. 10. 18. A3 2007. M. ─. vs.. 49[4]: 451-470 1992. Berger, A. [1933]. Media. analysis techniques. Beverly Hills : Sage. 2006 52 2009. 8. 12. vs.. 95.

(103) 2009. 11. 4. 1992. Sut Jhally [1987]. The Codes. of Advertising. 2004 2010. ( ) 099-046. 2010. 12. 21. http://www.npf.org.tw/post/3/8535. 2009. 10. 17. 2009. 2. A3 2. 9. A10. 2009 160 2004. 6. 15. A4 2009 “ ”. “ 2011. 6. ”. 31: 65-102. 27. C2. 2005a. 2009. 9. 2005b. 2009. 9. 2002. 2005. Joseph H. Boyett, Jimmie. T. Boyett [2002]. The Guru Guide to Marketing: A Concise Guide to the Best Ideas from the Today’s Top Marketers. New York: Wiley.. 96.

(104) 2010 163 2009. 5. 31. 2006. 1. 3. 2005. 12. A16. C2 7 98 2006. 12. 2006. 9. C2. 14. A11 12. No.1. C2 2007. 2008. 2004~2006. ”. “. 29: 1-28. 2005 2010. 2009. 12[4]:. 1-10 2008. 10A:. 34-35 1991 2010. “. ” 50: 45-52. 2005. 97. 2009.

(105) 2[2]: 163-176. Algesheimer, R., Dimpfel, M. (2002). Semiotics, Marketing and Communication. The International Journal on Media Management, 4, 190-191. Althusser, L. (1971). Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses. Lenin and Philosophy, and Other Essays (Trans. By T. B. Brewster). New York: Monthly Review Press. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing : an introduction. NJ: Prentice Hall. Barthes, R. (1957). Mythologies. New York: Hill & Wang. Barthes, R. (1972). Myth Today, Mythologies. New York: The Noonday Press. Berger, A. (1982). Media analysis techniques. Beverly Hills : Sage. Bianchi, C. (2011). Semiotic approaches to advertising texts and strategies: Narrative, passion, marketing. Semiotica, 183, 243-271. Boris, T. (2008). Not just sport: the Olympic games in film and media. Screen Education, Spring, 51, 82-86. Boorstin, D. (1973). The Americans: the Democratic Experience. New York: Random House. Chris, A. (2009). Kitsch, irony, and consumerism: A semiotic analysis of Diesel advertising. Semiotica, 174, 21-48. Christine, B., Costa, C., Fitzgerald, M. (2003). Marketing the host city: analyzing exposure generated by a sport event. International journal of sports marketing & sponsorship, 4(4), 335-353. Fiske, J. (1990). Introduction to communication studies. New York: Routledge. Grewal, D., Levy, M. (2009). Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill. 98.

(106) Kotler, P., Haider, D., Rein, I. (2002). Marketing places: attracting investment, industry, and tourism to cities, states and nations. New York : The Free Press. Kotler, P., Levy, S. (1969). Broadening the concept of marketing. Journal of Marketing, 33, 10-15. Leiss, W., Kline, S., Jhally, S. (1990). Two Approaches to the Study of Advertisements. Social Communication in Advertising: Persons, Products and Images of Well-being, 197-224. Ontario: Nelson Canada. Leiss, W. (1997). Social communication in advertising. UK: Routledge. Levi-Strauss, C. (1969). The Raw and the Cooked. London: Cape. Metaxas, T. (2009). Place marketing, strategic planning and competitiveness: the case of Malta. European planning studies, 17(9), 1357-1378. Papson, S., Goldman, R. (1996). Sign wars: the cluttered landscape of advertising. New York: Guilford Press. Peirce, C. S. (1931-58). Collective Papers. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Ranganathan, M., Lobo, B. (2008). Localizing the global: analysis of nationalist ideologies in MNC advertisements in Indian TV. Nationalism & Ethnic Politics. 14, 117-142. Saussure, F. (1974). Course in General Linguistics. London: Fontana. Scalvini, M. (2010). Glamorizing sick bodies: how commercial advertising has changed the representation of HIV/AIDS. Social Semiotics, 20, 219-231. Sport England (1999). The Value of Sport. Sport England, London. Susan W. (2011). Semiotic definition of “lawfare”. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 43, 29-60. Tracy, L. (2008). St. Louisan covers politics, Olympics in Beijing for AP. St. Louis Journalism Review, 38, 28. 99.

(107) Wernick, A. (1991). Promotional culture: Advertising, ideology and symbolic expression. London: Sage. Williamson, J. (1978). Decoding Advertisements. London: Marion Boyars.. 100.

(108)

參考文獻

相關文件

據 Statista 研究顯示,美國電子菸銷售由 2014 年 15 億美元急速成長 至 2018 年的 36 億美元。由於世界上逾九成的電子菸在中國生產,其中

美國高中數學測驗 AMC 12 由 1950 年舉辦至今 (2009) 已有 60 年歷史, 為近幾年備 受 重視的世界性大型數學測驗。

陶7處相片 結合定向運動,小組共同尋找相片中的 交趾陶位置,並以該圖片進行推銷嘉義 的微廣告創作. 海報

了⼀一個方案,用以尋找滿足 Calabi 方程的空 間,這些空間現在通稱為 Calabi-Yau 空間。.

- Settings used in films are rarely just backgrounds but are integral to creating atmosphere and building narrative within a film. The film maker may either select an already

This film was created by Into Film, an organisation that uses film and media production to develop skills in young people in the UK.?. Demonstration 2

Robinson Crusoe is an Englishman from the 1) t_______ of York in the seventeenth century, the youngest son of a merchant of German origin. This trip is financially successful,

fostering independent application of reading strategies Strategy 7: Provide opportunities for students to track, reflect on, and share their learning progress (destination). •