由臺灣學生漢譯作品分析其對俄語詩文之感受

全文

(1)fJX~~~. mlm;M ~f!l90. 5 F.J. Oco6eHHOCTH BOCnpIDITIDI pYCCKOrO n03THQeCKOro TeKCTa TaHBaHbCKHMH YQam;HMHCg npH nepeBO,n;e C pYCCKOrO Ha po,n;Hoii g3bIK. HaTaITbg I1HHe)J(aHHHoBa*. JIaH HH:QlOaHb**. AHHOTa:U;IDI. B. CTaTbe paCCMaTpHBaJOTCJI TeOperHlJeCKHe. H. rrpaKTHlJeCKHe. acrreKTbI rrepeBoJ(a PyccKoro n03THlJeCKOrO TeKCTa Ha HHOCTPaHHbIH (KHTaHCKHii). Jl3bIK. B. npon;ecce. o6yqeHHJI. PYCCKOMY. Jl3bIKY.. BbIJ(eIDIIOTCJI OCHOBHble TPYJJ.HOCTH npH rrepeBoJ(e MeTa$OpbI. 3areM npOBOJJ.HTCJI aHaJIH3 CTHXOTBOpeHHJI On;eHHBaerCJI. nepeBOJ(. :noro. H.. TeKcTa,. 3a6oJIOn;Koro «iloPTPeT» BblrrOJIHeHHblH. cryJ(eHTaMH. lJeTBepToro Kypca.. KmolJeBble CJIOBa: rrepeBO,l(, n03THlJeCKHH TeKcT, MeTa$Opa, CeMHbIH aHaJIH3, 06paTHbIH nepeBOJ(. ·~~~~fta~*~fJX~~~~~~o. •• {'F~~~ll.i6r~*~fJX~~~fffi 270. 0. H.

(2) OCo6eHHOCTH BOCnpHJlTHJl PYCCKOro n03TJf11eCKoro TeKCTa TaHBaHbCKHMH yqaIllHMHCJI npH nepeBOJle C PYCCKOro Ha POJlHOH Jl3bIK. Xy.n;O)KeCTBeHHhIH nepeBO.n; (nepeBO.n; n03THqeCKOrO TeKCTa) Ha pO)J;Hoil B3hIK B. npOl.{eCCe. 06yqeHHB. HeoTheMJIeMOil. qaCThIO. pyCCKOMy. B3hIKy. KOMMYHHKaTHBHOil. KaK. HHOCTPaHHOMY. Cq.ephI,. TaK. KaK. BBIDIeTCB. npoH3Be.n;eHHB. OpHeHTHpOBaHhI aBTOpaMH Ha BOcnpHBTHe, a B XY)lO)KeCTBeHHOH JIHTeparype KOMMYHHKafHBHhIe HaqaJIa xy)J.O)KeCTBeHHoH )leBTeJIhHOCTH BhIpIDKeHhI HaH60JIee palH006palHO H nOJIHO. IIepeBO)l B yqe6HOM rrpOl.{eCce MO)KeT paCCMaTPHBaThCB. KaK O)J;Ha H3 q.OPM B3aHMOCBB3eit H B3aHMo.n;eHCTBHB Hal.{HOHaJIhHhIX K)'JIhTYP, KaK q.aKTOp nOBhnneHHB ypoBHB 06meK)'JIhTYpHOH H JIHHrBHC'fHlIe'cKoit KOMrreTeHI.{HH.. ,,lV:UI. nepeBo.n;a Ha PO)J;Hoit B3hlK n03THqeCKoro npOH3Be.n;eHHB, rrOMHMO 3HaHHB. HHOCTPaHHOro. B3hIKa,. Ha. KOTOPOM. HanHCaHO. npOH3Be.n;eHHe,. He06xo)lHMo. OBJIa.n;eHHe OCHOBHhIMH KO)laMH HMeHHO n03THQeCKoro TeKCTa, BKJIIOQaIOIIJ;HMH B Ce6B. rrOHBTHB. M~a,. pHTMa,. PHq.MhI,. CTPOq.hI,. KOMrr03HI.{HH,. oco6eHHocTeit. n03THQeCKOH. MeTaq.opH3aU;HH.. BMeCTe. C. TeM,. He06xo)(HM0. npO)leJIaTh. onpe.n;eJIeHHYIO. npe)lBapHTeJIhHYIO. a. TaK)Ke. yqaIIJ;HMCB pa60TY,. HanpaBJIeHHYIO Ha nOHHMaHHe xy.n;O)KeCTBeHHoro npOH3Be.n;eHHB. nOHHMaHHe He CBO)lHTCB K JIOrHQeCKHM onepaIJ;HBM H aHaJIH3~ a COCTaBIDIeT e.n;HHCTBO .n;Byx HaQaJI.. 31'0,. Bo-rrepBhIX,. «OXBa:rhlBaHHe» rrOHHMaHHB. HH'fYHTHBHOe. nOCTH)KeHHe. KaK l.{eJIoro, H, BO-BTOPhIX, Ha OCHOBe. B03HHKaeT. aHaJIHTHQeCKOe,. H. ynpollHBaeTCB. HalhIBaeMOe. Henocpe.n;CTBeHHoe. (HHTYHTHBHoe). nOHHMaHHe. B. ero. Herrocpe.n;CTBeHHoro. HCTOJIKOBaHHe,. HHTeprrpeTaIJ;Heit.. rrpe,llMeTa,. KaK. rrpaBHJIO,. HHTeprrpeTal.{HH oq.opMIDIeTCB. H. PaIJ;HOHaJIH3HpyeTCB. IIoHHMaHHe - 3TO He CYMMHpOBaHHe mar 3a maroM CJIOBeCHhIX 3HaQeHHH, a CJIe.n;OBaHHe 3a l.{eJIOCTHhIM CMhICJIOM rOBopHMoro, OHO BHeHaIJ;HOHaJIhHO, He MexaHHCTHqJJO. 3.n;eCh MaJIO O)KH,l.1;aHHB CMhICJIa, 3)leCh Tpe6yeTcB TO, ~O MO)KHO HalBaTh, BCJIe)l 3a r.r. ra.n;aMepOM, «3aTPOHYTOCThlO CMhICJIOM roBopHMOrO». 271.

(3) f!t~~. mllBW:}. (fa;:J;aMep. 1988, 262).. ~m 90 1f: 5. F.J. HHTepnpeTanIDI cOnp1lXCeHa C nepeBO,llOM BbICKa3hIBaHIUI. Ha HHOH 1I3hIK (B ,llpyryro CeMHOTlftlecKyIO o6JIacTh), C ero nepeKO,llHpOBKOH. TOJIKyeMoe 1IBJIeHHe MeH1leTC1I, npeo6paxcaeTc1I; ero BTOPOH, HOBhIH OfiJIHK, OTJIHqMCh OT nepBoro, HCXO,llHOro, OKa3hIBaeTC1I O,llHOBpeMeHHo H fie,llHee, If fioraqe ero. HHTepnpeTanH1I - 3ro H3fiHpareJIhHOe H B TO xce BpeM1I TBOpqeCKOe OBJIa;:J;eHHe BhICKa3hIBaHHeM (TeKCTOM, npOH3Be,lleHHeM). CMhICJI BhICKa3hIBaHIDI -. 3TO He TOJIhKO BJIOXCeHHOe B Hero rOBOpjlIIJ.HM. (C03HaTeJIhHO HJIH Henpe.llHaMepeHHO), HO TaKX<:e H TO, qTO H3BJIeK H3 Hero TOJIKOBaTeJIh. CMhICJI CJIOBa, KaK ymep)f(,l(aJI BH,llHhIH nCHXOJIOr COCTasJI$leT COBOKynHOCTh TOro, BCer,Aa ,llHHaMH'qeCKHM, HeCKOJIhKO. Cy6'heKTHBHO. TeKYlfHM,. pa3JIH~OH. 30H. ~O. OKpameHHble,. 1I.C.. BbIrOTCKHH,. OHO BhI3hIBaeT B C03HaHHH, H «OKa3hIBaeTC5I CJIO:>KHhIM. 06pa30BaHHeM,. yCTOH~BOCTH» JIH~OCTHhle. (BhIrOTCKHH. BhICKa3hIBaHH1I,. KOTopoe HMeeT. 1982,. 346).. «BKmoqeHHhle». B. OfiIIJ.eHHe, KaK BH,AHO, TMT B ce6e MHoxceCTBO CMhICJIOB, 1IBHhIX H CKPhIThIX, c03HasaeMhIX H He c03HasaeMhIX rOBOp1lIIJ.HM. By~ «MHOrOCMhICJIeHHhIMH», OHH,. eCTeCTBeHHO,. BhICKa3bIBaHIDI o60ramaThc1I. He. 06JIa;:J;WoT· nOJIHOTOH. OKa3hIBaIOTC1I B. cnOC06HhIMH. pa3JIH~IX. KOHTeKCTax. onpe,lleJIeHHocTH.. BH,AOH3MeH1lThC1I, BOCnpH1ITH1I,. B. l103TOMY. ,llOCTPaHBaThC1I, qaCTHOCTH,. B. HecKOHqaeMhIX P1l.llax HHTepnpeTanHH. 1IHTeparypHhIH. nopTPeT -. 3TO. OllHCaHHe. BHellIHOCTH. qeJIOBeKa,. ero. TeJIeCHhIX, npHpo,llHhIX, B03paCTHhIX CBOHCTB (qepThI mma H tPHrypbI), a TaKX<:e Bcero. roro. B. OfiJIHKe. qeJIOBeKa,. ~o. CtPOPMHPOBaHO. COIlHaJIhHOH. Cpe,llOH,. KYJIhTYPHOH TPa.AHIlHeH, HH,llHBH,AYaJIhHOH HHHIlHaTHBoH (o,lle)f(,l(a H YKpameHlf5I, npHqeCKa H KOCMeTHKa). llOPTPeT MOXCeT tPHKCHpOBaTh TaKX<:e xapaKTepHbIe ,llml nepcoHaxca TeJIO,l(BIDKeHIDI H n03bI, xceCThI H MHMHKY, BhIpaxceHHe JIHlla H rJIa3. lloPTPeT, TaKHM 06pa30M:, C03,AaeT YCTOHtmBhIH, cTafiHJIhHhIH KOMnJIeKC qepT. 272.

(4) OCOOeHHOCTH BOCUPIDITIDI PYCCKOro n03'I'H'leCKoro TeKCTa rnitBaHLCKHMH yqaIUHMHCR upH nepeBO,l{e C PYCCKOro Ha POAHoit R3blK. «BHernHero. qenOBeKa».. )'lruI. TPMHUHOHHbIX. BbICOKHX. )KaHPOB. XapaKTepHbI. H.lleMH3HpyrolI(He rrOPTpeTbI. TIO,n06HOro po,na rrOPTpeTbI Hepe,nKO H306HnyroT MeTaq,opaMH,. CpaBHeHIDIMH,. 3IIHTeTaMH.. Co. BpeMeHeM. B. nHTepa::rype. B0306nManH rrOJYfpeTbI, paCKpbIBalOlI(He CnO)KHOCTb H MHororrnaHOBOCTb 06nHKa rrepcOHa)KeH.. 3,necb. orrHcaHHe. HappKHOCTH. Hepe,nKO. COqeTaeTCJI. C. npoHHKHOBeHHeM rrHCaTellJl B ,nyrny repoJl H C rrCHXOnOrHqeCKHM aHallH30M. rrCHxonor~eCKOM. rroPTPere. CBH,neTenbCTByrolI(He. 0. rrpe06nMaJOT. CBOHCTsax. xapaKTepa. qepTbI H. BHernHOCTH, MHpa.. B. cocpe,nOTO~BaeTCSI. Ha. BHYTPeHHero. nHTepa::rypHbIX rropTpeTax BHHMaHHe aBTOPOB Hepe,nKO. B. TOM, qTO BbIpa)KaJOT q,HrypbI HnH llHua, KaKOe BrreqaTneHHe ORR OCTaBllJIlOT, KaKHe MblcnH H qj'BCTBa BbI3bIBaJOT, a He Ha HHX CaMHX KaK )KHBOrrHcyeMoH ,naHHOCTH.. TIepe,naqa. x:y,I{O)KeCTBeHHOH. rroPTPeTa. uenbHocTH.. qepe3. TIOPTPeT,. BrreqarneHHe ,naBaeMbIH. crrOC06CTByeT qepe3. ero. BrreqaTneHHe,. XapaKTepH3YeT, KaK rrpaBHnO, H TOro qenOBeKa, qbe BOCrrpHJlTHe rrpe,nCTaBlleHO B rrpOH3Be,neHHH.. B. nHTepa::rype H306p~eHHe ,naeTCSI He CPa3Y, KaK B )KHBOrrHCH, a. rro qaCT.s.lM, O,lJ;Ha qePTa 3a ,npyroH, qTO paCCeHBaeT 06pa3, a He KOHUeHTPHPYeT ero. UenbHOCTb 06nHKa oc06eHHO ~a ,lJ;llJl nHTepa::rypbI KaK ,lJ;llJl BpeMeHHoro HCKyCCTBa, r,ne repOH rrOKa3aH B H3MeHeHHH H pa3BHTHH. I1CTOPHJl )KH3"HH repoJl BKJIlOqaeT B ce6S1 H HCTOpmo «BHernero qenOBeKID}. AHMH3HPYSl nHHrBHCTHqeCKYIO. oc06eHHOCTH. rrepeBo,na,. XapaKTepHCTHKy. He06xo,nHMO. COOTHOrneHHH. 6paTb. ,nByx. 3a. OCHOBY. Jl3bIKOB,. HX. ·cmnHCTHqeCKHX CHCTeM. TIpe)K,lJ;e qeM HaqaTb pa60ry rro rrepeBO,ny, He06xo,nHMO rrOHJlTb OpHrHHM B e,nHHCTBe ero q,OPMbI H co,nep)KaHHJl.. B. OTllH~e OT HayqHOro. aHMH3a, rrepeBo,nqHK CTPeMHTCSI COXpaHHTb 3TO e,nHHCTBO H BOCC03,naTb ero B rrepeBo,ne. Ero 3Maqa - BOCrrpHHJlTb H rrOHSlTb co,nep)KaHHe B rrpHcym;eH eMY q,opMe H 3aTeM BocrrpOH3BeCTH 3TO co,nep)KaHHe B q,YHKUHOHallbHO-aHallOrnqHOH. 273.

(5) fftm¥. mflBM. npoo6p8.3Y. ~~ 90 ~ 5. <pOpMe. Ha. fJ. .z:q>yroM. nhIKe.. IIo3TOMY. Oc06eHHorO. BHHMaHIDI. 3aCJIY)lGIBaeT omomeHHe Me)I(',l{}' npoH3Be,l(emreM H ero HcnOJIHeHHeM B .z:q>yroM MaTepHaJIe, npH noM KOHCTaHTOH HBmleTCH ocymeCTBJIeHHe B ,l(pyrOM MaTepHaJIe He CTOJIbKO e,llHHCTBa CO,llep)KaHIDI H <pOPMbI OpHrHHaJIa, CKOJIbKO KOHKPeTII3auHH :noro e,llHHCTBa B C03HaHHH BocnpHHHMaJOmero, T.e., npome rOBopH, HToroBoro BneqarJIeHIDI, B03,lleHCTBIDI Ha qu'fareJIjf. B03,!leHCTBHe pYCCKoro n03mqeCKoro TeKCTa Ha HanHOHaJIbHOe CaMOC03HaHHe MHoroacneKTHO, ero om,eM, rny6HHa H MorYT. <pOPMbI. 6blTb. P8.3JIHq}{bIMH.. IIepeBo,ll. nepeHOCHT. H. onOCpe,llyeT. cymecTBOBaHHe B P8.3JIlflIHbIX HaI(HOHaJIbHbIX JIHTepaTypax pH,lla CXO,llHbIX, a nopoH. TO)KJleCTBeHHbIX,. o6I1lHx. H,. HeCOMHeHHO,. B3aHMOo6ycJIOBJIeHHbIX. 3-!1eMeHToB. llepeBo,ll- He KOHcepBaI(HH OpHrHHaJIa, a npO,llOJI)KeHHe ero )KH3HH B YCJIOBHHX ,l(pyroro BpeMeHH, .z:q>yroH COUHaJIbHOH H il03TOMY. nepeBO)lqHKY. nepeBo,l(oM,. Heo6xo,llHMO. HapymaJOIIlHM. npOH3Be,l(eHHH,. JIIflIHOCTH. HaHTH. BePHOCTb. KOMnpoMHCc. OPHrHHany,. aBTopa,. H. HanHOHaJIbHOH Me)KJlY. BpeMeHH. 6YKBaJIbHbIM. Cpe,llbI.. BOJIbHbIM C03,llaHHH. nepeBO,llOM,. MYMH<pHUHpyroIllHM OPHfHHaJIbHbIH TeKCT H HapymaJOIIlHM CBH3b OpHrHHaJIa C cOBpeMeHHOCTbIO. CBo6o,lla II TaJIaHT nepeBO,ll~Ka, TBOpqeCKOe HaqaJIO nepeBO,lla npOHBJIjfJOTCH. B. CJIOBeCHOM. TBOpqeCTBe,. B. BbI60pe. TOqHOrO,. aaeKBaTHoro. Bblpa)KeHHH, H3bIKOBOH <pOPMbI, o6p8.3a II np. 3aaaqa TaKOrO THna 3aHHTHH - onpe,lleJIHTb xapaKTep H cnoco6 C03,llaHmI nepeBOJlHoro. TeKcTa,. oco6eHHOCTH. ero. BOcnpIIHTIIH,. cneUH<pHKY. nepeBO.ll.a. OT,lleJIbHbIX <pOPM, CTeneHb TBOpqeCKOrO yqaCTHH nepeBO,ll~Ka B Ka)KJlOH H3 3TllX P8.3HOBH)lHOCTeH. nepeBO,l(a,. oueHHTb. cnoco6b1,. C. nOMOmblO. KoroPbIX. peaJIH3yroTCH <PYHKUHOHaJIbHaH CeMaHTHqeCKaH paBHOueHHocTb OpHrHHaJIa II nepeBO,lla. Oco6yro TPYJlHOCTb npli nepeBO,lle npe,llCTaBJIjfeT n03mqeCKaH MeTa<popa.. 274.

(6) OCo6eHHOCTH BOCnpWITIDI PYCCKOro n031'H'lecKOro TeKCTa TaliBaHbCKHMH Y'lamHMHCR npH nepeBOJle C PYCCKOro Ha poJlHOli R3b1K. CJIOBO-MeTaq,opa HHq,OPMauHoHHoe COBrra.uaeT. C. H. yK33aTeJIbHOe. rrpOC'I'paHCTBO,. CYMMOH. CJIOBO. 06p33yroT. XapaKTepH3yeMoe. CMbICJIOB. .n;aHHbIX. HeKOe. CMhICJIOM,. CJIOB,. B3J1TbIX. oc060e. KOTOPbIH. He. O'I'pbIBe. OT. B. x:y.nOiKeCTBeHHoro KOHTeKCTa. Oco6eHHOCTblO xy.n;OiKeCTBeHHoH pelfH JIBJISIeTCJI ee CMbICJIOBaJI eMKOCTb,. 3aqaCTYIO CeMa.JITHqeCKaJI rrOJIHq,OHHJI. rrpH 3KOHOMHH. cpe.n;CTB BblpaiKeHHJI H H306paiKeHHJI. PeqeBaJI. MeTaq,opa. OK33bmaeTCJI. O.n;HHM. H3. cpe.n;CTB. 06eCrreqeHHJI. CeMaHTHQeCKOH rrOJIHq,OHHH 6JIaro.n;apJl «.n;eHOTaTHBHOMY C,llBHry». }li3BecTHo, qrO. MeTaq,opa eCTb. rrepeHeceHHe. HaHMeHOBaHHJI. C O.n;Horo. rrpe)l;MeTa HJIH. npH3HaKa Ha .n;pyroH Ha OCHOBe TOro HJIH HHOro cxo.n;CTBa. B H3BeCTHO,. qrO. JIeKCHqeCKOe. 06YCJIOBJIHBaeTC5I CTPyKType. 3HaqeHHe. CBOHCTBaMH. 3HaqeHHH. Bcer.n;a. CJIOBa. BO. MHOroM. COOTBeTCTBYlOmero o'I'paiKaeTCJI. BpeMJI. MOTHBHpyeTcJI. rrpe.n;MeTa,. c'I'pyKTypa. iKe. TO. a. 06'beKTOB. rrOTOMY H. H B. mmeHHH. .n;eHCTBHTeJIbHOCTH. MHororrJIaHOBOCTb B03MOiKHOH XapaKTepHCTHKH rrpe)l;MeTa orrpe.n;eJIjleT BO MHorOM CMbICJIOBoe co.n;epiKaHHe CJIOBa, rryqoK COCTaBJIJIIOmHX ero CeMaHTHQeCKHX rrpH3HaKOB. ceM.. I1Hq,OPMaTHBHOCTb MeTaq,opHqeCKoro CJIOBa orrpe.n;eJIjleTCJI TeM, qrO rrpH ero BOCrrpH5ITHH H3MeIDIlOTCJI H COCTaB, H KOJIHqeCTBO BCrrJIbIBalOIl{HX B C03HaHHH ceM;. H. cBoe06p33He. CTpYKTYpa peQeBOH. HX KOM6HHaTOPHKH, MeTaq,opbI JIHmb. H. HX HepapXHJI.. qaCTHqHO. rrOBTOp5leT. CeMaHTHqeCKaJI CeMaHTIReCKYIO. C'I'pyKTypy CJIOBa B rrp5IMOM 3HaqeHHH, B OTJIHQHe OT Hcxo.n;Horo Ha60pa ceM, THrrHqRoro ,L{JIJI rrp5IMoro 3HaQeHHJI. B. ceMHOM COCTaBe peqeBOH MeTaq,OPbI. HeKOTopble ceMbI (KaK rrpaBHJIO - apXHceMa) 06bNHO YCTPaHJllOTCJI, .n;pyme .n;06aBJIJIIOTC5I. Bce. CeMaHTHQeCKHe. rrpH3HaKH,. COCTaBJIJIIOIUHe. rryqOK. ceM. peqeBOH. MeTaq,opbI, BocrrpHHHMaIOTCJI CHHXPOHHO, KaK cocymecTBYIOIUHe, 6JIaro.n;ap51. 275.

(7) mrmm. ~fIl 90 if. 5. peqe.Ba1l. MeTaq,Opa. m~~¥!i. qeMY. CeMaHTHqeCIQUI. F.J. nOJIHq,OHH.sI. CTaHOBHTC.sI .sIBIDIeTC.sI. MHOr03HalfllOH, CJIe,ncTBHeM. MHOrOillIaHOBOH.. TOro,. Ofipa3HOe. qro. MeTaq,OpHqeCKOe 3HaqeHHe CB.sI3aHO C np.sIMhIM Ha OCHOBe cxo,ncTBa ,nByx H fioJIee npH3HaKOB. COOTBeTCTByroIIUIX .sIBJIeHHH.. peqeBOH MeTaq,OphI -. B. fiOJIhmHHCTBe. cnyqaeB. 3HaqeHHe. :no np.sIMoe 3HaqeHHe, HO YTpaTHBmee O.IUIy-,nBe ceMhI. (OfihNHO - caMoro ofimero XapaKTepa) H O,nHOBpeMeHHO o60ram;eHHoro HOBhIMH CeMaMH,. B. qaCTHOCTH. KOHHOTafHBHhlMH. -. q,HKCHPOBaHHOH. B. TeKCTe. 3MOUHOHaJIhHOH OKpaCKOH. KOHTeKcryaJIhHruI. MHOrOnJIaHOBOCTh. OnHCaHHe-H30fipIDKeHHe. HarJI.sI,[(HhIM -. peqeBOH. BhI,[(BHraeTC.SI. MeTaq,OphI. ,neJIaeT Ha. nepe.IUIHH. nJIaH. BOCnpIDITIDI nyqoK peaJIhHhIX npH3HaKOB npe,nMeTa, BOCnpHHHMaeMhIX OpraHaMH. qyBCTB,. UeJIhrn. CnyxOBhIX, MeTaq,opa. KOMnJIeKC. pa3HOnop.SI.nKOBhIX. OfiOIDlTeJIhHhIX,. COnpOBOJK)laeMhIX. Bcer,na. 3aKJIIOqaeT. B. CBoeH. omymeHHH. 3pHTeJIhHhIX,. 3MOUHOHaJIhHOH cTPYKType. oueHKoH.. onpe,neJIeHHhIH. 3MOUHOHaJIhHhIH K03q,q,HUHeHT, KOTOPhrn CJIHBaeTC.SI CHarJI.sI.IUIhIMH, 3pHMhIMH XapaKTepHCTHKaMH MHKpOofipa3a. OnHChIBalOTC.SI BocnpHHHMaeMhIe npe,nMeThI HX USeT, q,OPMa, ,[(BH)KeHHe - H H30fipIDKeHHe O)KHBaeT nepe,n qHTaTeJIeM. nOJIHq,OHHqeCKHH MHKpoofipa3 OpHfHHaJIeH H Hepe,[(KO HyJK)laeTC.sI B fioJIee ofibeMHOM KOHTeKCTe ,nJI.sI nOJIHOH ero peaJIH3auHH -. KOHTeKCTe, B KOTOPOM. Heofixo,nHMhIMH MOryr OKa3arhC.SI H CJIOBa, He CB.sI3aHHhIe C MeTaq,opOH CHJIhHOH. CHHTaKC~eCKOH CB.SI3hlO. Ha nepBhrn illIaH BhI,[(BHraIOTC.sI 3,neCh CMhICJIOBhIe CB.SI3H, ofiYCJIOBJIeHHhle HH,nHBH.D;y8!IhHhIM BH,[(eHHeM xy,nO)KHHKa. qam;e Bcero HaJIHUO npH 3TOM He O,ZUIO, a. .nsa H fioJIee MeTaqlOpHqeCKHX COqeTaHHH.. TeOpeTHqeCKHH MafepHaJI opHeHTHpOBaH Ha pemeHHe pMa npaKTHqeCKHX 3a,n,aq, CB.SI3aHHhIX C JIHHrBOCTHJIHCTHqeCKHM aHaJIH30M H nopOJK)leHHeM TeKCTa. npe,ncTaBJI.SIeTC.SI ueJIeCOOfipa3HhIM:. 276. 1) YCBOHTh. KOHTeKCThI peaJIH3auHH 3HaqeHHH,.

(8) OCo6eHHOCTH BOCnpHBTHB PYCCKOno n03THqeCKono TeKCTa TaitBaHbcKHMH yqaIllHMHCB npH nepeBO./le C PYCCKOno Ha POJlHoit B3I:dK. 2). CneI(H<I)HqeCKHX ,ll.JUI OT.n;e.TIbHblX qaCTeH peqH, HHCPOPMaTHBHOCTH,. CeMaHTHqeCKOH. OCMhlCJIHTb. MHOrOllnaHOBOCTH,. cBoe06p8.3He. 3KcnpeCCHBHOCTH. peqeBoH MeTacpophl H OBJIa,neTh HaBI.IKaMH ee aHaJIH3a B TepMHHax ceM, YCBOHTb oc06eHHOCTH HHTOHHPOBaHIDI peqeBOH MeTacpophl,. 4). 3). OCMhlCJIHTb H. yMeTb aHaJIH3HPOBaTh ee TeKCT006p8.3yroIUyro CPYHKI(HIO, ee POJIb B 06eCneqeHHH .n;HHaMHtIHOCTH xy.nO>KeCTBeHHoro TeKCTa.. )'lmI. pemeHIDI npaKTHtJeCKHX 3a,naq MOryT 6bITb npe,WIO>KeHhl CJIe.n;yroIUHe. THnhl3a,naHHH H ynpa>KHeHHH:. 1) BbmeJIeHHe B TeKCTe peqeBblX MeTacpop H pacnpe.n;eJIeHHe HX no qacnIM peqH; 2) onpe.n;eJIeHHe. KOHTeKCTa, He06xo.n;HMoro H .n;OCTaTOtIHoro ,ll.JUI CeMaHTH3auHH. peqeBOH MeTacpopbI;. 3) COnOCTaBHTe.TIbHhlH. aHaJIH3. ceMHOH. CTPYKTYPhl. 3HaqeHHH. CJIOBa,. ynOTPe6JIeHHoro B npSIMOM H nepeHOCHOM 3HaqeHHH CJIOBa;. 4) aHaJIH3. co.n;ep>KaTeJIbHOH. HOBH3Hhl. H. CeMaHTHqeCKOH. MHOrOnJIaHOBOCTH,. nOBbImeHHOH HHCPOPMaTHBHOCTH peqeBOH MeTacpophl, ,ll.JUI qero He06xo.n;HMO BbIHBJIeHHe B MeTacpopH3HpyeMoM CJIOBe: BbI,l{BHHyTbIX. C. nepHcpepHH. 3HaqeHHH,. a) HCqe3HYBIIIHX ceM, 6) ceM, B). HOBbIX. ceM,. B. TOM. tIHCJIe. aKTyaJIH3HpOBaHHbIX CPOHOBbIX;. 5) KB8JIHCPHKaI(IDI. Mephl. OPHrHHaJIDHOCTH. KOHKpeTHOH. peqeBOH. MeTacpophl:. Bhl,l:(eJIeHHe MeTacpop HeO)l(1l,.lJ;aHHblX (CTOHI.UHX nepe.n; nOHCHHIOIUHM CJIOBOM) H MeTacpop «no.n;roTOBJIeHHbIX», CTOJIIIJ;HX nOCJIe p8.3':bHCHeHIDI HX CeMaHTHKH;. ~) onpe.n;eJIeHHe. n03HI(HH. CMDICJIOBbIX. (cHHTarMaTHqeCKHx). y.n;apeHHH. BO. cpparMeHTax TeKCTa, co.n;ep>KamRx MeTacpopy. 3a,naqa. CTHJIHCTHtJeCKoro. aHaJIH3a. B. 3TOM. cnyqae. onpe.n;eJIHTh. CTHJIHCTHtJeCKHe BapHaHThl B aHaJIH3HpyeMoM TeKCTe, cBH3aTbHHTepnpeTauHlO co. CTHJIeM. xy.n;O>KeCTBeHHoro. npoH3Be.n;eHHH. H. npo.n;eMoHcTPHPOBaTb. 277.

(9) ~m~~. mlZ9lf}J. P83Hoo6p83He. ~1II90 4= 5. F.J. B03MO>KHOCTeH,. KOTophle. OTKphIBaeT. xy.n.O)l(eCTBeHHhIH. TeKCT. rrepe.n. rrepeBO.l('mKoM.. H 3a601101lKUii. Hopmpem lbo6ume :JICUSOnUCb, n03mbl!. HUUlb eii, eOUHCmSeHHOii, OaHO. J(yzuU U3.MeHf.lusoii npUMembl. llepeHOCUmb Ha nOllomHO.. Tbl nOMHuUlb, KaK U3 mbMbl 6blflOZO,. Eosa 3aK)'maHa sam/lac,. C nopmpema POKomosa CHosa. CMompella CmpyiiCKaJl Ha Hac?. Ee 2JlQ3a - KaK osa myMaHa,. IIOIlYYllbl6Ka, nOllYWlaf.l,. Ee 2JlQ3a - KaK osa 06MaHa,. IIOKpblmblX M2JlOIO Heyoaf.l.. CoeOUHeHbe (6)IX 3azaOOK,. llollysocmopz, nOllyucnyz,. Ee3YMHoii He:JICHOCmU npunaOOK,. llpeosOCXUUleHbe cMepmHblx MyK.. Kozoa nomeMKU HacmynalOm. 11 npu611U:JICaemCJl zp03a. Co OHa oyzuu Moeii MepllalOm. Ee npeKpaCHble 2JlQ3a.. Ha 3aUSITHH He06xo)J.HMO rrpe.n.CTaBHTh OCHOBHhle lj>oHoBhle CBe.n.eHIDI 06 aBTope :noro CTHXOTBOpeHH.SI. HHKOJIaH AneKceeBHq 3a60JIOll;KHH. (1903 -1958). H3BeCTHhIH PYCCKHH rrOTI, TBOpqeCTBO KOToporo, B OCHOBHOM, COCTaBJI.SIeT. 278.

(10) ()Co6eHHOCTH BOCnpHSTHS PYCCKOno n03THqecKOno TeKCTa TaitBaHhCKHMH yqamHMHcJI npH nepeBO.lle C PYCCKOno Ha PO.llHoit Jl3bIK. <i>HJIoco<i>CIGUI. JIHpmca.. BepHYBmHcb B. 1946. C. 1938. no. 1945. ro.l1;. non. penpeccHpoBaH.. ro.n;y B MOCKBY, H. 3a6oJIOUKHH 3aHHMaJICR nepeBO.l1;aMH, a. 3aTeM CHOBa Bbl,llBHHYJICR B nepBble P.s!,[(bI n03TOB. paHee. 6bIJI. HeCBOHCTBeHHble. 3a6oJIOUKOMY. B. 3TOT nepHO.l1; nORBHJIaCb. .l1;ymeBHaR. OTKPbITOCTh,. .l1;a)l{e. asro6Horpa<l>HlffiocTb (<<CJIenoH», «B 3TOH pome 6epe30BOH», UHKJI «TIocJIe.l1;HRR m06oBb»). 060crpHBmeecR BHHMaHHe K )l{HBOH qeJIOBeqeCKOH .rJ;yme npHBeJIO eno. K. nCHXOJIOrBqeCKH. )l{aHPOBO-CIO)I{eTHbIM. HaCbnQeHHbIM. 3apHCOBKaM. «UlCeHa», «HeY.l1;alffiHK», «HeKpaCHBaR .l1;eBOqKa», «CTapaR aKrpHca»), a TaK)I{e K. KaK .rJ;ymeBHbIH CKJIa.lt H. Ha6JI1O.l1;eHIDIM. Ha.lt. qeJIoseqeCKOH. BHeIllHOCTH. reM,. (<<0. KpacoTe. cYl{b6a. qeJIoseqeCKHX. orpa)l{alOTCR. JIHU»,. B. «lloprpeT»).. Ba)l{HOH TeMOH ,n.ruI n03Ta CTaJIa KpacoTa npHpO.l1;bI H 'ee B03.l1;eHCTBHe Ha BuyrpeHHHH MHp qeJIOBeKa.. TIOCTORHHO. COBepmeHCTBOBaJIaCb ero n03THKa,. <l>0PMYJIOH TBOpqeCTBa CTaJIO npoBo3rnameHHoe HM TpHe.l1;HHCTBO: MbICJIb-06pa3 -MY3bIKa. OT.l1;eJIbHoro. KOMMeHTapHR. rpe6YeT. H. XmO)l{HHK,. pa60Te. KOToporo. nOCBRDleHO CTHXOTBopeHHe H. 3a6oJIOUKoro. <I>e.l1;op CTenaHOBHq POKOTOB. - 1808) -. PYCCKHH. XY.l1;O)I{HHK,. TBOpqeCTBO. KOTopOno. OTKpbIBaeT. (1730. nepHO.l1;. 18. 6JIeCTRDlero paCIJ;BeTa PYCCKOH noprpeTHOH )l{HBOnHCH BTOPOH nOJIOBHHbI BeKa. CTHXOTBOpeHHe Qepe.l1;OBaHHeM. HaITHCaHO. )l{eHCKOH. rpa.ltHUHOHHbIM. (6e3mapHOH). H. qeTbIpexcTOnHbIM. MY)I{CKOH. (Y.l1;apHoH). RM60M. PH<l>M.. C. TeMa. CTHxoTBOpeHHR, BbIpa)l{eHHaR B Ha3BaHHH, -noprpeT )l(eHII(HHbI (CrpyHCKOH) Ha KaprHHe. KHCTH. H3BeCTHoro MaCTepa-noprperncTa. 18. BeKa <l>.C.. POKoToBa.. 06IIJ;HMH <l>OHOBbIMH 3HaHHRMH, Ha KOTOpbIe YKa3bIBaIOT KOHKpeTHbIe <l>aMHJIHH B CTHXOTBOpeHHH,. MOryT. 6bITb. cse.l1;eHHR,. omOCRDlHeCR. KO. BpeMeHH,. KOr.l1;a. C03.l1;aBaJICR noprpeT, H K ero CTHJIIO.. 279.

(11) fitaB~¥i. ~1iI 90 ~ 5. mlmWJ. J:J. 3TO BpeMJI KJIaCCHUH3M~ H306pIDKeHHH. tIenOBeKa. -. KOr.lla cymecTBOBaJI orrpe.lleneHHhm KaHOH B HarIDI.l(HOCTh,. 3pHTenbHaJI. Orrpe.lleneHHOCTh,. rrnaCTHtIHOCTh rrO,l(t{epKHBaJIH KpaCOTy H BenHtIeCTBeHHOCTh q,HrypbI H nHua tIenOBeKa. Tpe60BaHHSI ycnoBHoH q,OPMbI Oc06eHHo TIuarenhHo c06mo.llMHCh rrpH C03.llaHHH rrapa,nHbIX rroprperoB, K tIHCny KOTOPbIX H OTHOCHTCH rropTpeT CTpyHcKoii. JIHua Ha TaKHX rropTpeTax He BhIpIDKMH CHIOMHHymhIX qyBCTB. O,llHaKO B rrpOH3Be.lleHIDIX TMaHTnHBhIX x:y.nO)I{HHKOB 6hma 3aMeTHa 3BOmo~ H306pa3HTenhHOCTH, KOTOPyro MO>KHO orrpe.llenHTh KaK rrepeXO.ll OT a6cTpaKTHoro K KOHKpeTHOMY, qyBCTBeHHO-.llOCTOBepHOMY H HerrOBTOpHMOMY. UeHTpMhHhIM. KOMrr03HUHOHHhIM. 3neMeHTOM. CTHXOTBOpeHHH. HBnHeTCH. OrrHCaHHe BrretIaTneHHSI OT rna3 )J{eHII'(HHbI Ha rroprpeTe, crroc06HhIX BbIpa3HTh. B. «.nyIIIH H3MeHtIHBOH rrpHMeThI». -. «rronyynbI6Ka,. ,llHHaMHtIeCKH. rronyrrnatI»,. BhIpIDKeH. TaHHCTBeHHOCTH. KaK. BhIpIDKeHHSI. OrrHCaHHH rr03T HCrrOnb3YeT rrpHeM KOHTpaCTa «rron)'BOCTopr,. rronyHcrryr»,. rrOTeHUHanbHOCTh. rna3. repOHHH,. non. rr03TOMY. OH. HO. KOHTpaCT. COCpe.llOTOtIeH q,HKcHpyeT. Ha CBoe. BrretIarneHHe ,llBOHKHM 06Pa30M, 3a,llalO1I(HM 3ara,llKY H .tIHTaremo: He HCHO, lITO XOTen CKa3aTb rron- rna3a BbIpIDKaIOT O,llHOBpeMeHHOCTh rrOnOBHHtIaThIX tIYBCTB (C.llep>KHBaeMbIe (3KCTpeMMhHaJI. qyBCTBa). HnH. rrepexo.ll. tIyaCTBeHHOCTh. B. qyBCTB. OT. BOCTopra. TpY.llHoynoBHMbIH. K. Hcnyry. MOMeHT. CMeHbI. HacTpoeHHSI)1 MoTHS. 3ara,llOtIHOCTH,. CpaBHeHIDIMH-rrapaJIJIenH3MaMH: KaK. TaHHCTBeHHOCTH. DBa myMaua (mYMaH -. nepe.llaeTCH Bna>KHaJI 3aBeCa,. neneHa B B03.uyxe, He .llalOmaJI B03MO)I{HOCTH BH.lleTh OTtIeTnHBO; MeTaq,opa aKTHBH3HpYeT ceMhI - HeJlCHOCTh, CKphITOCTh; tIHcno. myMaH. o«a no OTHomeHHIO K cnOBY. mHO H36hITOtIHO, HO nOT rrneoHa3M BnHChIBaeTCJI B 06myro CeMaHTHKY. ,llBOHCTBeHHOCTH H KOHTpaCTHOCTH, HHTeHcHq,HUHPYJl ee, H B .llanbHeHmeM. 280. o«a.

(12) ~HHOCTH. PYCCKO~ n03TJHqeCKO~. BOCDpH9TRX. TeKCTa. Tai:fBaHbcKHMH yqalllHMHC9 npH nepeBOlle C PYCCKO~ Ha pollHoii 93blK. omlO.zn,. He. KOJIHlleCTBeHHruI. HHTeHCHBHOCTH),. XapaKTepHCTHKa,. KaK dBa ofiMaHa (06MaH -. a. OKKa3HOHaJIbHbrH. npH3HaK. nO)I(Hoe 06'b.SlCHeHHe. BbIJJ;3.IOID;ee. O,llHO 3a .z:q>yroe C nenDlO CKpblTh npas,n)', HCTHHHOCTb; 3.neCb mcryaJIH3HPyIOTC.Sl ceMbI - H3MeH'lHBOCTh, cnOC06HOCTh BbIpIDKaTb He TO, 'ITO eCTb Ha CaM OM 1lene). MeTaq,opa. coedUHeH"e. cpaBHeHHH. H. dsyx. .SlBn.SleTC.Sl,. 'CeMaHTI{qeCKoro. pa.na. no. 3azadoK cyrn,. (3azaOKa. npHCOeJ{HH.SleTC.Sl. nOmqeCKHM HaBO,2VIID;HH. K. napannenH3MY. npo1l0IDKeHHeM. MeTaq,opHqeCKHH. O,llHoro BOnpoc,. 06pam;eHHbrH K .npyroMy qenOBeKY H co.nep)l(am;HH B ce6e HaMeK Ha npaBHnbHbIH OTBeT; 3.neCb, HapjlJ{)' C OCHOBHbIMH, mcryaJIH3HpyIOTC.Sl H q,OHOBbIe ceMbI 06pam;eHHocTb K .npyroMY, BbI3bIBalOID;ruI HHTpHryIOID;HH HHTepec, .npa3H.SlID;ee mo6onLITCTBO, HTpa B yra.zn,tBaHHe). Oc06yro. Tpy,llHOCTh. npH. HHTepnperanHH. npHcoe.nHHeHHruI K CpaBHeHHIO: «Ee rna3a-KaK. H,eyoall».. npe.nCTaBn.SleT. MeTaq,opa,. 06a 06MaHa, llOKpblmblX M211010. Mrna-HenpOrn.SlJ{HruI ThMa, TeMHOTa B ee crymeHHoM HHTeHCHBHOM. J(8,qeCTBe. 3.neCb OTXO,znrr Ha nepHq,epHlO 3HaqeHH.Sl OCHOBHWI ceMa «TeMHOTa», H mcryanH3HPYeTC.Sl ceMLI«Henpo.SlCH.SleMOCTh», «nOnHWI CKpLITOCTh». Hey.naqa Be.nOCTH)I(eHHe )l(enaeMOH nenH, Heycnex B npe.nnpHH.SlTOM .nene, OTpHnaTenLHbrH. Heyoalla,. pe3YnDTaT O)I(H.naeMoro. IIoH.SlTHe. KaK H aHTOHHM. yoalla,. 06bIQHO. CB.Sl3LIBaeTC.Sl C BnH.SlHHeM CJIyqrul, Cy;ru,6LI, nOJlt{epKHBWI He BHHy HnH, Hao6opOT, 3acnyry qenOBeKa, a BOmo CnyqWI, CnO)I(HBmHXC.Sl 06cTO.SlTenLCTB, C06bITHH, He 3aBHC.SlID;HX. OT. YCHnHH. qenOBeKa.. n03T. yra.n;LmaeT. BO. B3rna.ne. )l(eHID;HHbI. . CKpLIBaeMbIe Hey.nallH, BnH.SlHHe Cy.zn,6LI, KOropWi He MO)l(eT Ka3aTLC.Sl CQaCTnHBOH npH TaKOM B3rna.ne.. B. .z:q>yroH. napannenH3Me. cTpOq,e. JlBYX. KOHTpaCThI. MeTaq,op. llpeo60CXUUleHbe CMepmHblX MyK.. npe.nCTaBneHLI. Ee~MHOU. conOnO)l(eHHeM. He~Hocmu. npunaOOK. B H. Cno)I(HruI cTpyKTypa 3THX MeTaq,op CXO,llHa,.

(13) ffXaa~m. ~fl9m. ~1iJ 90 1:f: 5. 13. OHH COCTOKf H3 coemmeHIDI Jl3LIKOBbIX MeTa<pOP (3aKpenHBIIIHxCSI B Sl3b1Ke, llOCTcrro1:JHO qaCTO HCnOnb3yeMhIX). 6e3)'MHllR He:J/CHocmb. H. cMepmHble MyKU. (H Ta,. H llPyraSl BbIpmK8IOT MaKCHManbH}'lO HHTeHCHBHOCTh 0603HaqaeMoro qyBcTBa) C peqeBblMH. (HHJlHBHJ{yanbHbIMH,. aBTOPCKHMH). npUnaOoK. He:J/CHocmu. H. npe060cxuU/eHbe MYK.. O,llHaKO HHBepcIDI B nepBoM cnyqae BbIJ(enSleT pH<pMeHHOe. peBMa:rHlJeCKOe cnOBO. npunaOOK (npUnaOoK-pe3KOe. 060CTpeHHe 6one3HeHHoro. COCTOSIHIDI, npmmIDnom;erocSI B pe3KOH 60nH, KOHBynbcIDIx, a TaIOKe B npHcTyne iKapa HnH xonolla, HHorlla B 6bIC.q,OH CMeHe 3THX COCTOSlHHH), KOTopoe, OIDITh iKe. MyKU. peMa:rH1JeCKH, COnOCTaBnSIeTCSI co cnOBOM CTpallaHIDI, CHTYaUHH). nepBoro. nepeJKHBaHIDI,. CBJI3aHHOrO. C. (MYKa -llYIIIeBHoe COCTOSlHHe. cOMHeHHSlMH,. Hepa3peIIIHMOcTblO. CeMaMH COnOCTaBneHIDI CTaHOBSlTCSI BpeMSI (Kpa:rKOBpeMeHHocTb. H. ,UnHTenbHocTb. nepeiKHBaeMoro. npe,llBH.l(eHHe,. BTOporo),. IIpeo6ocxuU/eHbe-cnoBO. HHTeHCHBHOCTb. 6one3HeHHOCTh. TOp)KeCTBeHHoro CTHnSI, 03HaqaIOmee. H3BeCmOCTh. npellonpelleneHHe,. H. a. 3apaHee,. TaKiKe. npe.uyrallbIBaHHe, npellCKa3aHHe. OllHaKO, KaK 3TO qaCTO 6bIBaeT B n03THQeCKOH petIH, B 3TOM cnOBe aKTYanH3HpyeTcSI H 3THMOnOrHQeCKaSI ceMa. 6ocxuU/eHbe,. BCTynaIOmaSl B KOHTpaCT C COBpeMeHHbIM CMbIcnOM cnOBa, HO CeMaHTHQeCKH KOpennHpYlOmaSl. C. npellbmym;eH. npHtIHHHO-CnellCTBeHHbIe CBSl3B, T.e.. MeTa<POPOH,. BbICTpaHBaSI. llOnOnHHTenbHO. 6e3)'MHOii He:J/CHocmu npunaOOK MOiKeT 6bITh. nOHKf KaK npHtIHHa, npe.uyra,zu>IBaeMbIM CnellCTBHeM KOTOPOH CTaHyT. CMepmHble. llBYX. CMbIcnOB:. MyKU.. CaMH. CMepmHble MyKU. llaIOT B03MOiKHOCTh BKnIOQeHHSI. aKTYanH3HPOBaHHOro npellbmym;eH MeTa<POPOH (HHTeHCHBHOCTH mo60BHbIX HnH 3THMOnOmQeCKH nOlllJepKH)'ThIX. llBYX. (MYK. KOHI(a JKH3HH).. B. MYK). COCYIlleCTBaHHH. CMbIcnOB H npellCTaBneHbI Kone6moII{HecSI CeMaHTHQeCKHe npH3HaKH. llBYX. xapaKTepHCTHK qyBCTB. YlcxollSl. 282. H3. MHKpoKOHTeKCTa. CTHXOTBOPHOH. CTpoKH,. MOiKHO.

(14) OCo6eHHOCTH BOCnpHHTHH PYCCKOro n03T;HqeCKoro TeKCTa TaimaHbCKaMH yq:a.IIlHMHCJI npH nepeBO.lle C PYCCKOro Ha PO.llHOH Jl3blK. HHTepnpempoBaTb 3TH MeTatPOPbI H B KOHTeKCTe BCero CTHXOTBOpeHIDI. TYMaH,. KaK H. mbMa 6blJl020,. a TaIOKe. MZJIa Heyoa'l. OTpa)l(aIOT ,l(HCTaHIUDO BpeMeHH,. HeH3BeCTHOCTb nponmoro, nO'rycKHeBIIIHe KpacKH, noraCHBmHe C TeqeHHeM BpeMeHH. .sIpKOCTb. H306pa)l(aeMoro.. /J6a. ofiMaHa. no,n;qepKHBaIOT,. qro. 3a. napa.n;HbIM cnoKoifcTBHeM KJIaCCHqeCKoro nOpTpeTa CKPblBaIOTCH )l(HBble qyBCTBa B HX npoTHBOpeqHBOCTH, .n;se 3ara.n;m -. 3ara,nKa )l(eHI1UIHbI C nOPTPeTa, ee. qyBCTBa, yra,nblBaeMble B BbIpa)l(eHHH rJIa3, H 3ara,nKa xy,n;O)l(HHKa, cYMeBIIIero H306pa3HTb 3TOT B3rJIH,n; B o,n;HOBpeMeHHOCTH nOJIHpHbIX BbIpa)l(eHHH. TaKHM 06Pa30M, BbICTPaHBaIOTCH. .nsa CeMaHTHqeCKHX pMa, nOTIHqeCKH onpe,n;emnomHX. BbIpa)l(eHHe rJIa3 )l(eHmHHbI Ha nOPTPeTe, HCXO,n;HbIM CJIOBOM .n;JIH KOroPbIX HBmIeTCH CJIOBO myMaH:. I) mYMaH -o6MaH, 3azaoKa, 2) myMaH -mbMa, M2Jla.. llPH nepeBo.n;e JIIo6oro TeKCTa, B. qaCTHOCTH - n03THqeCKoro, Ha PO,n;HOH. H3bIK, Ba)l(HO CquTaTPCH C HHTeHIUleH aBTopa OpHrHHaJIa.. TI03TOMY aHaJIH3. nepeBo,n;Horo TeKCTa B yqe6HbIX ueJIHX MO)l(HO npOBO,n;HTb Ha H3bIKe OpHrHHana, H CpaBHHTeJIbHbIH. MaTepHaJI,. B. TaKOM. CJIyqae,. 6y,n;eT. npe,n;cTaBJIeH. B. BH,n;e. o6pa:moro (6YKBaJIbHOro) nepeBo,n;a, KOTOPbrn CJIY)l(HT 3epKaJIOM nOHHMaHHH, omymeHHH a,neKBa:mOCTH nepeBO,n;a, H B KOroPOM OTPa)l(aIOTCH B03MO)l(HOCTH nepeBO,n;quKa B HHTepnpeTaIUlH MeTacpopHqeCKOH CHCTeMbI OpHrHHaJIa. I1Haqe rOBopH, 06PaTHbrn nepeBo,n; MO)l(HO paccMaTPHBaTb, C O.n;HOH CTOPOHbI, KaK cnoco6 oueHKH nepeBo,n;a Ha PO.n;HOH H3b1K H, C ,n;pyroH CTOPOHbI, KaK 3Tan ,n;aJIbHeHIIIeH pa60ThI C n03mqeCKHM TeKCTOM, nOCKOJIbKY 06paTHbIH nepeBo,n; HMeeT 06yqaIOmyro ueJIb. VlTaK, paccMoTPHM BapHaHTbI nepeBO,n;a OCHOBHOH MeTacpopHqeCKOH qaCTH CTHXOTBopeHHH:. Ee 2JlQ3a -KaK o6a 3a6Jlyou6lUUXCJl mYMaHa,. ~B':JflNt([]=III~tI. mo CMelOmCJl, mo nna'lym. ~l~~)JlL. (HacmJl). '. 0. 283.

(15) fi~~¥&. m~Wi. ~~ 90 1f: 5. F.J. ~!¥JDN - ~iUllJ=lWl~g. Ee ZllQ3a -KaK 06a 3a611YOU6UlUXCR myMaHa,. *~.*uz:o. (OllR). nOllYnJla'l, nOllycMex. itY!¥J~tlm~.. Ee 06a ZllQ3a, Cl106HO myMaHbl, KaK Yllbl6Ka. KaK clle3bl. fJ;l.e1~. (YllbRHa). B. rrpe~cTaoneHHbD{. neKCHqeCKOH. fJ;l.~tl[JUZ:. (C6ema). rrepeBO~ax. 3KBHBaneHTHOCTH,. T.e.. , fPJ.f~uz:. ~~.m!¥J1!fON. Ee 06a ZllQ3a 3a611YOU6UlUXCR mYMaH06, To CMelOmCR, mo nJla'lym. .. rrpo.sIangeTC.sI. TO)K,ZI;eCTBO. '. 0. '. 0. rrocne~OBaTellbHOCTL. CeMaRTHqeCKHX. rrpH3HaKOB. COXpaHgeTC.sI. Ho eCTh HCKJIIOqeHHe, B KOTOPOM 3HaqeHHe «TyMaR» 3aMefigeTC.sI BbIpIDKeHHeM «TeMHa.sI rap~Ha». Be3ycnoBHo, B rrepeBO~e HCrrOnb30BaHa O~Ha H3 ceM cnOBa. myMaH -3a6eca. nelleHa U3 napa. O)lHaKO He BrrOnHe .sICHO, B qeM. 3aKJIIOqaeTC.sI BLIHrpLmmLrH MOMeHT B yrrOTpe6neHHH 3TOH HOBH3HLI, rrpH 3TOM qyBCTBYeTC.sI, qro OHa KaK {(MeTacpopa MeTacpOp» rreperp}')KaeT CMLIcn rrepeBo~a.. itY!¥J~~'1*jifij'JijIJff.·. Ee 06a ZllQ3a -KaK 06e meMHblX zapOUHbl, ClleZKa Yllbl6alOmCR, '1ymb-'1ymb nJla'lym. bollbIIIHHCTBO Cyn::{eCTByroT. rrepeBO~OB. npHMepLI,. rrepe~aroT. KOTopLIe. (MaUR). M~i.1!!~,mt~t(gm:o. BLICKa3LIBaHHe. paCCMaIpHBaIOT. 0. rroPTPeT. rropTpeTe,. KaK. HO. 06beKT. 06pam;eHU:. T60u ZllQ3a -KaK myMaHHblU cyMpaK,. ~!¥J~Ul~1*fI~ItlI!l'. nOIlYnJla'l, nOllYCMex. *~*~o. HrrH:. (Clla6a).

(16) ()Co6eHHOCTH BOCnpHKTHH PYCCKOro n03THqeCKoro TeKCTa .. raiiBaHbCKHMH yqamHMHCSI npH nepeBOlle C PYCCKOro Ha POllHOii Sl3blK. tl$l¥J!fllNtJt:~7~*t. T60U 06a 2Jla3a nOJl1lbl CJle3 C6UOOM CMexa U nnalla (XOmJl.m CMeJlmbCJl U nnaKamb) (AHopeu). ECTh. H. KOHCTp}'KllIDI,. rronypa.zJ.OCTb) <PYHKnHOHHPYeT. B. KOroPOH. ~~.x~~l¥JflT". rrOIDIpHOCTb. qyBCTB. (rrOJIYIIJIaq,. i<aK orrpe.l(eJIeHHe, arpH6YT rJIa3:. Ee nOJlyzopeCm1lble, nOJlypaoocmHble 06a 2Jla3a -. ~ *~*#I¥J!f~. KaK 3a6Jlyou6UlUeCJl myMa1lbl. 1[~~.-~o. (llemp). t. ):(aJIee, B rrJIaHe HHTeprrpeTauHH MeTa<popHqeCKoro CTpOj{, aHaJIH3HpyeMhIe rrepeBO,l(bI MaJIO paCXOJVITClI C 0pHrHHaJIOM:. ~1¥J1lN -1i!~o~OOID'fi ~. 1) Ee 2Jla3a -KaK o6a 06MaHa CKpblmblx M2JlOU HeC'laCmbJl. (OJlJl). ft~~::f:.f:I¥J~~o. X~~Ai]Jl. 2) Ellie - KaK 06MaH'lU60e 6uoeHue. '. 1Il:9(J&1¥J~mJ-". CKpbl6a1OIlIee M2JlY Heyoa'l (C6ema). tl$l¥JllN!fiTitL~ ~. . 3) T60U 2Jla3a -KaK 06MaH,. ,. .it7~fiPCPI¥J9(J&". CKpbl6a1OIlIuu 1leC'lacmbe :JICU3HU (CJla6a). 4) Ee o6a 2Jla3a -KaK 06MaH, npUKPbl6aJl, (OHU) CKpbl6a1Om M2JlY 6blllOZO (yJlbJl1la). ~1¥J!f1lN1[~OIDiLa. 5) Ee 06a 2Jla3a -KaK 06a ofiMaHa,. ~1¥J!f1lN. 60 mbMe 061lapy.»CU6aemCJl 6eJlHUe 1leyoall. ,. (Maiut). 6) Ee 06a 2Jla3a -KaK o6a 06MaHa, MpaK 6 HUX paCCKa3bl6aem 0 1leC'lacmUU (HacmJl). ~OO. t. '. 1![~tt.B~1I. ". ' ffl~MIDiL§ , J!mJ-CPmE.~ '::f :.f:1¥J~,~, ". ~1¥J1lN~O=. @IDiL § ,. :!tCPI¥JmJ-ttWf~~::f:.f:°. Ha rrepBbIH B3rJI.K.l(, CeMaHTHKa rnaroJIOB H3 rrpHMepoB. 5), 6). CHJIbHO. 285.

(17) fit~~. ~fWB~. ~/j;J 90 1F 5. F.J. OTJIH"IaroTCJI OT CJIOB, 0603Ha"lalOIItHX CKphIThIe qyBCTBa, MhICJIH. no cym }leJIa, C TO"IKH 3peHHH "IHTaI'eJIH, OHH O,u;HHaxoBhIe. Pa3JIH"IHe Ha6mo}laeTCH TOJIhKO B TOM, "ITO. rrOCJIe}lHHe. rrpHMepa,. }lBa. HOCHmHe. 60JIee. 3KCrrJIHUHTHhIH. xapaKTep,. yC1)'IIaIOT JlPyroH rpyrrrre B CBoeH Bhlpa3HTeJIhHOCTH.. 7) T60U ZJU13a nOJlHbl ·COMHUmeJlbH6lM fl3Z/1.J100M, f~l¥J~m, 3t~7 '1tf~l¥JHNjfr$ , cKpbl6a1OUlUM HeCllacmbe 6 m60eu :JICU3HU. (AHopeu) ~!Wi7S$~ml¥J::f¥ 0. (B. BhmeJIeHHOM. CoqeTaHHH. rrpoHBJIHeTCH. CTHJIHCTH"IeCKaH·. rrorpemHOCTh. TaBTOJIOIIDI). 1) 3mu npucoeOuHi!HHble o6e 3a2aOKU nOJlypaoocmb, nOJlyucnyz (OJUl). *:;:'*Ilo. 2) CJl06HO COeOUHJllOmCJl o6e 3azaoKu -. ~::g~ti=@J~,. nORypaoocm~. nORyucnyz. rn*:tE-i.l5tl¥JjijY@f~·. *g*~o. (CRa6a). ~=@fill¥J~Ifj]!. 3) Bom C11IOJlKHOfleHue 06YX 3azaooK! H paoocmb, U ucnyz. (Hac11Ul) CJIOBO o6JIa}laeT. CmOJlKH06eHue 60JIhmeH. ~g3Z.fflo. rrpe}lCTaBJIHeT orrrr03HUHIO qYBCTB H, B CBH3H C 3THM,. BhIpa3HTeJIhHOCThlO,. 0603HaqalOIUaH JIHIDh rrpHCOeJ(HHeHHe.. qeM. B nOM -. COOTBeTCTBYlQIUaH. 60raTCTBO rrepeBO}la.. =@f~l¥J*li~'. 4) CoeouHeHue OByx 3azaooK 6bl3bl6aem U ucnyz, u zope. JIeKCHKa,. (C6ema). i~'tA.~.?f]\~. 0. *3}leCh BH}leH Hea}leKBaI'HhIH rro}l6op BhIpaJKeHHH, T.e. HeT KOHTPacTa qyBCTB. 5) H paoocmb, U nellaTlb, CJlOflHO COtIMeCmHO coeOUHeHH6Ie 3azaoKu (llemp). 286. g~~*. Wft)JiW;f§*li~~~-~. 0.

(18) ~o6eHHOCTH BOCrrpHHTHH PYCCKOro n03TaqeCKoro TeKCTa TaAsaHbCKHMH yqaIUHMHCft npH nepeBOLle C PYCCKOro Ha pOLlHoA ft3bIK. B. YKa3aHHOM nepeBO.n;e CJle.nyer OTMeTHTb nepeCTaHOBKY .n;aHHOro H HOBOro,. T.e. HapymeHHe JlOmqeCKoro ueHTPa, a TaIOKe HaJIH~e H36blToqubIX 3HaqeHHH, nOBTopoB.. 6) ACCUMUJl.RI(UR oeyx 3azaooK H paoocmHble, U ucnyzaHHble Uf,eKU (AHopeu). B. :noH <ppa3e HayqnbrH TepMHH. m@l~ZrqJft. '. x~x.I¥Jll&:~o. aCCUMWlJllJWl. o6e.n;HSIeT nepeBo.n;, H60. .n;aHHOe CJlOBO He HMeeT CBR3H C 3MOl(HOHaJIbHO BOCnpHHHMaeMblM BbIpa)KeHHeM JIHua Ha nOPTPeTe.. ittflteffiILl¥Jm.~,. 1) BcnblxHYfla JlpOCmHaJl He:JICHpCmb, u npeo6ocxumWlu CMepmHYlO cKop6b OZOp'l.eHWl (OflJl). tll.fit~. 7 9EL~l¥Jttit ~~,. 2) Bblmepne6 6eweHbiu npunaooK He:JICHOCmU,. *~~m.~.1I~• •. (OHU) npeo6uoeflu my mJI:JICeflYlO, CJlaoK)'1O MyK)' (HacmJI)ffl~fmttitW~I¥J?f". B. KHTaHCKOM nepeBo.n;e CJlOBO. 6eweHblu. H36bIToquoe, a OKCIOMOPOH. ' 0. CflaOKaJl. MyKa paCXO.n;HTCR C OpHmHaJIOM.. m.~5m?!{.l:{j\~. 3) CepolJe 3ax6amWla He:JICHOCmb,. ,. 6yomo npeo6ocxumWlocb cMepmHoe My"eHue, cmpaoaHue Wf~ffl~7tzD9EL (C6ema). y!3-3a. TaBTOJlOrHH. qyBCTByeTcR. YTR)KeJleHHe. ~1¥J~:a=:fJT~. <pPa3bI,. ~o. 0. Hapymaer. CTPOHHOCTb CTPOKH.. 4)* BCJleo 3a 3mUM 6cnblXHYfla CMepmHaJl JlpOCmHaJl He:JICHOCmb £1tffilittfltB&lI u npeo6ocxumWlacb oOCMepmHaJl 6eoa. (Cfla6a). I¥JH' tll.f1U'i!.[g9EWII¥J:a=ift. 0. 287.

(19) m~~¥i. ~1II90 if: 5. m[gM. FJ. * ,l{o6anot{Hoe H Q>YHKIJ;HOHaJIbHO HeorrprumaHHoe Cpe)J.cTBO CBR3H ~1I~J~I¥J'F:l3i. 5) Ee:JyMHoe, HeKOHmpOJlUpyeMoe MZHOBeHue. '. CJl06HO npeo6ocxumwlOcb HacmylVleHue MyK CMepmu (llemp) mmmm7~L:a=. .I¥J¥!J* BbIpaJKeHHe. HeKOHmpOJlUpyeMoe M2H06eHue. orrycTomaeT CMbICJI Q>palbI,. B03MOJKHO, H3-3a nponyCKa KJIIOqeBoro CJIOBa «HeJKHOCTb».. 6) BbmycmWla 6ecKoHellHblu 6HympeHHuu 20JlOC, npeo6ocxumWlacb nOCMepmHaJl MyKa (AHopeu). 3)J.eCb. Ha6mo)J.aeTcR. CHJIbHOe. paCXO)K)J.eHHe. ff~te~~NI¥JIC.'V. '. .Bffl~~1lI¥JE.. 0. C. OPHrHHaJIOM,. Kor)J.a. Hea,neKBaTHDIH no)J.60p BbIpaJKeHHH oTPaJKaeT He)J.OCTaI'O'llIyro KOMrrereHIJ;HIO nepeBO)J.lIHKa HJIH ero crpeMJIeHHe K cBo6o)J.HOMY nepeBO)J.y. 113. aHaJIH3HpyeMbIX. rrepeBO)J.OB. BbITeKaeT,. qrO. ypoBeHb. 3HaHHR. HHOCTPaHHbIX R3bIKOB OTPaJKaeTCR TaIOKe B nepeBO)J.e Ha PO)J.HOH R3bIK. nepeBO)J.ax. Ha. PO)J.HOH. nbIK. npoeJIReTCR. cnoco6HOCTb. B. OpraHH30BaTb. rr03THqeCKHH TeKCT. HeCMOTPjJ Ha TO, qrO B pa60Tax yqamHXCSI qYBcTByeTcR 60JIbmag rro.ri;roToBHTeJIbHag pa60Ta no HHTepnpeTaIJ;HH 06PalHOH CHCTeMbI H o6mero CMbICJIa CTHXOTBOpeHHH, cJIe)J.yeT OTMeTHTb qaCTHbIe He)J.ocTaTKH B rrepeBO)J.ax,. K. KOTOpbIM. CHHTaKCHqeCKoro. CTPOSl,. MO>KHO. OTHecm. TaBTOJIOrHIO,. YKaJaHHbIe. rrJIeOHalM,. Bbnne:. HapymeHHe. 6YKBaJI.bHOe. CJIe)J.oBaHHe. CJIOBapIO, a TaK)Ke o6Hap~BmeeCR rrpH 3TOM HeKOTOpoe orpaHHqeHHOe 3HaHHe TeopHH CTHXOCJIO)KeHHH Ha PO)J.HOM R3bIKe. B OTHOmeHHB nOHCKa 8,lle.KBa:rHOCTH CTHXOBOH Q>OPMbI rrepeBo)J.a CJIe)J.yeT OTMeTHTh pa601)' MaHH, r)J.e nepe)J.aHa nOnbITKa COXpaHHTb MeTpOpHTMHqeCKHH. 288.

(20) Oc06eHHOCTH BOCnpIDITIDI PYCCKOro n03THlIecKOro TeKCTa TaHBaHbCKHMH yqaIUHMHcR npH nepeBOJle C PYCCKOro Ha POJlHOH R3blK. CTpOH H pHcllMeHHble COOTBeTCTBIDI, npe.n;CTaBJIeHHble B 0pHrHHaJIe:. Ee 06a 2JlQ3a -KaK 06e meMHblX zapi)UHbl,. Jt!IB'g!fDa,.~Jijml.'. CneZKa ynbl6a1omcJl, 'lymb-'lymb nna'lym,. ~~!1!!~'~~!1!!tL°. Ee 06a 2Jla3a -KaK 06a 06MaHa, 60 mbMe 06Hap)r.JICU6aemCJl 6eJlHUe Heyoa'l. Jt!I1¥J~~. , ff5!~@lIDrtj§ , ~mlrpmtfi~ , ~¥I¥J~/~,. 0. PeueH3HpoBaHHe nepeBO.n;OB BhllIBBJIO CTpeMJIeHHe yqamHXC.a: nepe.n;aTb Ha po.ltHOM .a:3bIKe He TOJILKO OC06eHHOCTH. MeracllopHqecKOH CHCTeMbI OpHrHHaJIa,. HO H BJIO)KHTh B nepeBO.n; C06CTBeHHOe qyBCTBO 3MOUHOHaJIbHOH COnpHqaCTHOCTH C03.n;asaeMOMY 06pa3Y. 3BYQaJIH. eCTeCTBeHHO,. ,l{ruI. TOro, ~06bI BCe nepeBo.n;bI n03THQeCKOrO TeKCTa. Qmo. H. OKa3bIBaJIH. .n;OJI)KHoe. 3MOUHOHaJIbHOe. B03.n;eHCTBHe Ha ~nrreJI.H, Tpe6yeTC.a: .n;aJIbHeHma.a: pa6OT~ HO Ha .n;aHHOM 3Tane o6yqeHIDI. MO)KHO OTMeTHTb nOJIO)KHTeJIbHble pe3YJIbTaThI. Bcex yqamHXC.a:.. CaMbIM .HpKHM 06pa3UOM .a:BJI.HeTC.a: nepeBO.n; OJIH, B KOTOPOM Ha6mo.n;aerc.a: COOTBeTCTBHe OpHrHHaJIy B cnoco6e HMnJIHUHTHoro BbIpa)KeHH.a: qyBCTBa.. B. ee. pa60Te B HaH60JIbmeH CTeneHH npO.HBHJIc.a: rJIaBHbIH pe3YJIbTaT nepeBo.n;a COXpaHeHHe e.n;HHCTBa cllopMbI H co.n;ep)KaHH.a: TeKCTa.. ffi$lD=IIJ~.. Ee 06a 2JlQ3a -KaK 06a 3a6nyouBWUXCJl myMaHa,. Jt!II¥JDN -. nonynna'l, nonycMex, Ee 2JlQ3a -KaK 06a 06MaHa,. *~. Jt!II¥JDa -. CKpblmblX M2Jloii HeC'laCmbfl. ft1J~~¥I¥J~~o. 3mu npucoeouHeHHble 06e 3azaoKu. i1i$ft-~5t.I¥J~@!~'. nonypaoocmb, nonyucnyz.. BcnblXHyna JlpOCmHOJl He:JICHOCmb, U npe060cxumWlu CMepmH)'1O cKop6b OZOp'leHWl. . *tL. '. 0. ffi$lo~@!IDrt I=l '. *.'*11°. ittfttf:HIILI¥J?f!* '. 1:Bm~79EL%ll¥Jttm~~1'~. ,. llepeBO.n; n03~ecKoro TeKCTa n03BOJI.HeT TaHBaHbCKHM yqamHMC.a: rny6)Ke. 289.

(21) 1ftaB~~. ~12B;M. ~l!I90 If. 5 1=3. n03Harb. 60nrrCTBO. H. BLIpa3HTeJIbHOCTh. PYCCKOro. H. KHTaHCKOrO. .SI3b1KOB;. noqyBcTBOBarb H YCTaHOBHTb ~ ce6.SI TY Mepy CB060EU» H OTBeTCTBeHHocTH, KOropruI. OTJIH"'!aeT. npO<peCCHOHaJIbH)'lO. pa60TY. nepeBO.zrqHKa;. npmlBHTb. C06CTBeHHOe TBOp"'!eCTBO B nOHCKe cnOC060B a,lleKBaTHoH nepe,naqu 06pa3HbIX Cpe,ncTB C PycCKOrO .SI3bIKa Ha KHTaHCKHH; HaH60JIee nOJIHo, B CHny CBOHX B03MO)I(HOCTeH, nepeKO,nHpOBaB. OBJIa,lleTb CBOe. l:fYJI<HM. nOHHMaHHe. xy,nO)KeCTBeHHbIM. PYCCKOro. n03TH"'!eCKoro. CHCTeMy POJJ;Horo .SI3DIKa.. JIHTapaTYpa. n.c. Co6p. Co"'!.: B. 1.. BblroTcKHH. 2.. fa,llaMep f.f. AIcryaJIbHOCTh npeKpacHoro.. 290. 6 T. M., 1982. T. 2. M., 1988.. BbICKa3bmaHHeM, npoH3Be,neHHSI. B.

(22)