部屬觀點之領導互動論：部屬對主管領導行為的知覺因素與互動內涵初探

全文

(1)4.m·~'l1l.l;lnt,. It 20 JtIj, 2003 4'-, 181-215 Jf. $ • •~Z~5li~~:. ional Behavior:. $.~~~~5h~~~.~~Wli~~~W~ -=E~~. ~*~3f~ ifi ~~ *- ~ .~ J'l 8:.. reviews conducted. ~~~.~.~.A'*'~~.~~A&*~~~.,~~j. )nal behavior (OB). ~.*A~~~ ••• t~ff~'~~~~.~~fflS4o*~~~. ,f Heath & Sitkins. a~'~~~j~A&'. •• ~A~~~Y.§.t'k~~*~.. (1995), and Klein. ~~A •• ~~;X#~A~~§.*'~§.*~~~~~~?*. the main stream of. ~~ •• M.~.~A,~.~~ •• ~,~r~~jJ(*.~~~. : study of tasks of. tional theory as the. 'f) 101:iL l!~~t~j-*4~*tl~;fJf' 1~!IJ):~"nt*: ~jA~'f§ .S;f' ~:1<o~~1f4Jt.ff~PJf~1tfll~~.~ r £~Jit~J (f.t)Jn~ ,t~ Of ,%t J (-Ii) , r !fiIfl 't t£h!VJ J OU A r 1f ~ *- ¥ J ({ir) Im.lJt j]9r '. Irganizing behavior.. M*~.~.j~~~'f~.ff~*'.ili~~~t~*r£~Jit.J. that the competing )rganizing behavior. ~ 7t~ Ft Jt JlL ~. t. I then proposes. 0. 0. ~*-¥J. r ~,It Of~ J J!fiIfl 'tt£h!VJ JAr if Ar~1.:t4Jt .~~PJf1~fIJ ~ r «·tk J J ,~tt4J Tif;;J m1- ~~ ~ JE 0. ~ B;f*~~~i'i:7t. 0. ions approach. The. ~:g~jA~T§.8;f' ~§.~~)~~eL*"~ r.~1t~J (~)J'1i. ility in OB research. ~~1liJ (hl). A. r·~h#iliJ (fJJ)J'Ii#~,It+*J (~O. 1m.lJi. 0. 7t#.~.t. *.~.jfi~*~7t.A§.~M'.ili~fi.~'MJt~AMa. ~~.*~o. aradigm, multilevel. ••. ,*~~*.~.j-#'.ili*~.&~~ ••A. §.. ~~~~'a.~~~Of~~ff~~~.~o M~!f. : 4~if'. %~~ ,. 7t$.Ji. ,. '4Jiif-%~~1L~'t~. ~~ • • ~~&-~~OO~t~~~~a'~~~~~~A~~~~~'~ ~g1~¥U~~~& (Stogdill, 1974; Bass' 1981). &2.1& '. ~J~7t~~It. '. 0. YukI (1994) :t£~i:J~~~][.~. N~~][.~~~37UlB~JT1::;~m~~~~~*. ~:1:rg1:Et~.~e$j-f\!m:tt~ § f,m1=riJJa~~OOA1=r~ ~A~~B:iJJ~.. '. ~i@1~~JrH~. , PJij 1~][lIlIe1=riJJ '. ?1J~t~1£WjI£WB:iJJi@1l!jI$. 0. : (1). ~][.. (2) ~][.~t~:t£;!t'~~$. itfflG;!tIfl;;~~§f,m. 0. (3) ~]i. , gU9tMz*l~*'§'~~*6fM (4) ~][~Jf{:iflf~1£~f~ fflG~fT*'§'~B"J19U1=rt~?1J::&J5!I±\~~tCtiQlllWtEjfflt:::. ' J!I(!~~.:tJ~ti!tffi: (5) ~]i 0. 0. ?1J~t~~.*.§.~Et:J15iJJ~JlrPJ g~itfflGB"JWjI£. 181. 0. (6) ~][?1J~-f.m~tt*e~:tJltlft7f~.

(2) · fijJWg~l¥J~fj , Jijffis l~g~.~gtJ':*:{~frPB"J~RXfFfJ!t (7) ~fEiflitAJt§§5}W~~D ' ~1g!ji!±it#cF¥m{#1g5&~~ijg1J ~A 0. ~][~~m.:tg. 1ID~+ft1l~~I¥J.:t:gB~. ,. ?. ijbZ.~Il}j~rtl:;. 0. ,~. ~~t,~~~~~~J!t~~~I¥JWk$'~U~ili-OO~~I¥J~~~~~Y ff!§~$J,fFmt) T. (3). = {~Wtm6 : ( 1 ) ~J[~~~.1JI¥J~t!!t ; (2) ~1'l~B"J @I¥Jfr~fflG El ~ ; ~][~~-fl.:tgWRXWg~J~FB~B"J~rru1L!JJ~fFf pIT t) ~J[~ff!~~~-fl~ Tim 0. 1~B"J1L!JJ' frJ:T1L!JJI¥J~fj$' ::f{:i±git~.g~JIj, g~g!j.:tg1F\3t1gpIT~.. !ill ~ ~ [7g ji-~][ ~ II ~Rl! ~ WJT mff~ ~J[ ~:t§- Wg~ 1m I¥J 1L!JJ 'IW 7fj. l.f§1ff§IIIUJf~. 0. Julian' 1969 ; Dansereau' Graen & Haga ' 1975 ; Herold' 1977 ; Graen ' Novak &. m: If.~1f~g~.~D • .:t 11 1¥J{~~{:fHr'l:j'[:*:~ ( Ohio S. Sommerkamp , 1982 ; Liden & Graen ' 1980 ; Scandura & Graen ' 1984 ; Vecchio &. ~~:*:m.. Gobdel' 1984 ; Wakabayashi & Graen ' 1984 ;. ~1B:f:1I. '. 1995). 0. (Hollander &. ~ ~. :5t ffT I¥J 1f ~ ~ II ( employee-oriented ) ~l.I~. rrul¥Jm~. 0. 0. ~5F':1g~~B±!ft1lI~fr9 (N V~Af§IH1UJf~. 0. ~pgm:lf.~1Tg~.WPi. ~~~fEi!JJI¥J'$g~~~Im~I¥J~$'WM~~I¥J1L!JJ~~.~~OOM~~~ lf~::f/}B"J~.. Jm~RX$:X'~lf$'1E:~. 0. !fif5jUfr$~f.tMt:X1t$. , $gttttfBtWH~t7t~~~fBt!JJ~~~~I¥J~-ES {1:3.~ ~~i1~N;±I¥JF7fJ1f5zJlif*~~I¥J~f:!1t~¥ ' g~1mI¥JOOA~~~*~r§J ' frf.t*ft:X1t W:fJi {~1t~~~B"Jlli:~T ' g~g~~]i~:t§-B"J1L!JJ ' ]ttm~'-OO~F*1iJ[1~:l*§iI¥JFo~ 0. m! ~~t. '. {~~{~~1fl. ( initiating structure ) j}.jj.jj. 1f!.:m:ff~i§:rtl:;1L!JJJf)Z. , ~fr~~t)~fJ[:*:~t)~]i~~B"J~J!tl:B~ , jfut~Yt)g~gI¥JBJ~6~tfgff~ ~OO.:tgWg~~I¥J1L!JJ fElJE1f~~J[~WNIUI (~.:tgW$g ) ~-l.IRX~B"Jlmf~ , - B.~~!i¥t1J ' 1Et~1l!~~fffrl¥J~~ pIT t)~f-f~]i~1g~1ij)(I¥J~fW ' ~fr~;Jj\W frg~gf-f.:tgI¥JNN~1T~~ , 19J!m~l¥J~fW 15tRg~,~fr~OO~Jl~~fj$ , ::f. 0. *UJf~~t)g~gB"J~J!t. '. t)§JJ§~1f~5'C~tf-fg~gW.:tg1L!JJfM'. ' (-). m7G~T JW:F",~£1gl¥JmHrfn.~ ~fBfIlWjj'f'rrpC. ( 1981) E¥. 1itf~~1~. , m~*i55F':1I1~-= I¥J rlmtrfn. J ' r .:t!JJ~tl1 J i. lZ.91fI¥JUJf~/f~ft1l. 0. ~~tfr~. , ±:g&w~g~. .:tgfr r0fL:5tf:JfJ J (~ r i jffi:*: ~~~:t§-~:x~ ( 19. gffi~~I¥J~~'W±g~$g1L!JJI¥J[7gfi.-tt~o1(z.~m~~5F':'.~.. character' &bm) B'9f1l1~jffi3. .r$.fi~I¥J~~1L!JJ~JI¥J~~o. lfIE@: , 1~lir;g;ffj , fflAog 1Jt$ , ~,B;;fr1JDA -rtl:; c ~ :5HfTl¥J~5F': ' ~~lf$~"N:gt ~t3i- ' IU~!sBjJ (2000) ~ (bottom-up ) B"JfIll~ ,. ~~ • .:tg~~fi~I¥J~~'W(=)~W±gffi.fM'ffi~ffll¥J1L!JJ[7gfi'~fi ~-7J7I¥J1fimW:l*§i. 0. 1(z~m~*i55F':W~J[~:t§-fim6B"J~]i~1L!JJ~$. ~.g~.W.:t:g1L!JJI¥J~~1'&~ !JJ~fM'. , ff!.~PD*~fr'1.f~11Eg~1mfim6.tl1~]i~1L ' ~~'F~t)~~.:t:gfi~~~]i~1L!JJ~ilHB"J~. ' ?J]\NP~5'C~mg~.~D.±. I. ' ftt)Ji~~.1E:~"N:,i. g~]i~1T~~pIT~.I¥J~~~jl~{aJ. ~$. ~1T~rruJ!t~B'9~fJi1gH1g*B~. ftiT 61% ff!.frm~~~~£§ ttt!5i:i& ' BP~fJ[1g~~lli=0. ? *~~$;~fWM'g~.~D.¥a.:tgfri§:rtl:;~]i , g~JlSit~~.:tg:5tmU}j~~l.I~~ ? ?~1& ' M'$!I. , rAJ 0. B"J~~{f,tJfti!JJ~.

(3) ll'~ )j lf1J~5 .:t if! f. K ill tt. r\Gfj~. 0. (7) 'PI~~Ht::trg. f*~~:1J~A. ,. OO~~~~~~:l:tg~'~~~~B:IiJ~A~~~3U?ffiJ~®B:IiJ~A~j7g~~ ~~3Z.~nll~rEP. 0. ?. ~ tf:\-OO 7'G~8";'PI~f~.t'i3;,¥ Y. :2) 'PI~8";§I¥rtE~gIG§~. ;. $.Jf±1f~~f.fml¥J~1f~*. , pJTt) 'PI~ff!~~-ti1:l'"~ l ' g~JIHN:l:rg#Wr~}iJT~. ! B"J B: IiJ 'IwID (Hollander &. Lj§~ffilRiF~. 0. :®:If'.~1i~g~.~o~:l:~'PI~1=r~[?SI*~1iffJ'e~~fljJ~~-1L[g 0 1f.{~. 0. t)~~. old, 1977 ; Graen ' Novak &. ~ffX~ffHltlI*~ ( Ohio State University ) Edfj§:fN*~ (University of Michigan). a & Graen ' 1984 ; Vecchio &. ~~*m:~. , 1995) {E1.1H!Yl~~B:liJlf)Z 0. ffiJt~y t) g~JIlB"JIlH!~~*f~ff!Yl. fiJg~JIl ) ~-tigIGfJ8,,;m~{*. '. ~~'~rrN8";lIltM ' ~1r'#~ g~.ft~OO'PI~Mfjcp. (initiating structure ) ~*rPJ~. [?SI * :5t ;ffT 8";. 1i~!JCP. 1iff~~i~. ~. tl.'[~lIliJ~Cp. , :l:~&;!J@i$ , Mztlll:t1iff5Na~ , {~~9l. ~. rPJ. (production-oriented). ' m~*~E13 W ~ I ~ rPJ. 0. '. ( 1977). ~~IHBf!. , 1E:~UJl*lJii'J8";'PI~1'J~1iffJ'e. 0. M~~~i'J~m£ill;ro~~. mt!~U~lQ:tI*~[?SI*:5t;ffT1&. ~7G[l;KTL\Rro~~~~fttIfn.W{fiff.~[?SI*' ~;g-@pJTlfi!I'0lE~aAJ ~IHBf!Wm:{$1=. F-fpJTjifflB"JB:IiJj7g~. ffiJ~j§:fN*~~~'PI~1=r~~1iffJ'e. ~j7g:®:lf'.~i'Jg~gwp;I::l:tgB"J1iffJ'e. ~~'-OO~~m{@:1~~~i8,,;ro~. , ( -- ) , Jii=r. 0. :Ell[ tf:\ 1: ~. 2.¥Af§lHIiF~. ~~litfH:*Jf&r'i'D ' :tEiiMcx1t. \ttg~JIlW:l:~lIliJa~. ~. 0. ,~. {E1.~. A. (employee-oriented) ~f~'PI~~fiJ rm~~ti'PI~~fi,MI;l, :p.W{fX;t:ffX*~~1iffJ'e. G§!glGCPX ' 0. ~. {fiff*~~~8±! ~I~frj; (Muchinsky , 2000). B:1iJ~11!f5WrfJ~@J'PI~Mfj. ~fBtIiJ~&&~B"J%313. ffX;t:{fX~1*M~'PI~i=r~:5t~IHlfiI. (consideration) WIiJ:1J{fifff~. 0. ( 1981) 8";i&*l1iffJ'e '. ~Ut)!J$*Jl*l~~~. B"J[?SI* ffiJ 0. , ~!flffX;t:{fX*~~. , 1iff~{fiff~Jli~ =fi:l:~8";'PI~1'J~rPJ~ , ~cpfl~f~i'J~rPJ~Wj§~ 'fttlfilJ' '::tliJ{fifff~J +7t~{I;l,' ffiJ~=@P[JiS~ '0fl7t BAJ 8";[?SI*' ~UW. j§~~1iffJ'e~~o[?Sl~:tE.~1:£ill;~@~~fi~~1iffJ'e{fiff*cp'11!f5tf:\m$JIlWrM. ::t~:tE r 0fl7t BAJ (gI;G ,. 0lEAE!J3 J) 1:~~f3! ' JU~~o:'l::l:tg'PI~1=r~~[?SI* ffiJ*~~~:::g-~x$i ( 1987) ~U~~ B *~:::g- = ~~PJT~B"J PM :EJ.~ , :IJOA C (NP character ' 6M~ ) ~m:~ffiJ~tf:\pJT~~8"; CPM fll[~ ~~~Y2,~W~'PI~:::g-ff!~'ffIij~JiX 0. 0. .lE~'~~iS~'fflA~~'H'~A~~'~A~.J~~.om.~.~. ;fJ!$ , ~~{E:lJOA -rEP C [?SI*~~ § -Z i&fjgIG CPM 'PI~i'J~ji~ , mt!~Ui& [?SI* 7t;fJT~{fiff~ , ~.cpfg!)~~WrM~±tg , ~f~ J [?SI* ' JU~WP;l:8,,;m:~~ ll:tj}, ;IJ~rsaA (2000) 1t£Yt-Jj~~I{'FIiJ~~:j:*~'111iffJ'ecp , t) 'EI3l'"ffiJ 1: J (bottom-up ) 8";t1l1;'i3; , ~!fl ~i!$f§Ui! (critical incident technique) IDJ~~ I'.~ • • ~.1E:.~~~I~~:1JI~~[?SI*o~1iffJ'e{fiff*~7G~.IiJ~7t ~ cp , , A J ~ [?SI* *'3 {dlliJ,f~\t*1~ tf:\fJ!*1Q:8"; 40% ffij A8"; [?SI* cp , I_ ~ [?SI* 3Z. {dlT 61 % {E1.{E1iffJ'e:::g-M~~rEPW'PI~1=r~~~$f§UW YukI (1987) ~7t~W5E~ tt~i& ' t;P~fJ!;gM~m:-7t-z-~$f§U~$!iff~ [?SIll:t ' ;IJ~~Y2,~cp~AfJ1i~'P1 0. r~it1t£$.R'li9lf~'P1~ B: #NP~jfG1ftmg~JIl~OI::l: ~g~.~OI:¥U:l:tg:tE~ ®'PI 's,tU'ffi*i'l7fU ? )F-X;1~*;::t:::±:~: .. 1lfU£. , 1::5Z 1\ \'\. ~TI:171iii1 I:E I=tPliIU. 0. 0. 0. 183.

(4) ~~~~ • • ~w~nA.~~M~~o~~~~~~~~W~~fl~~g~m. ffiJ~~.~;f~~B"JB:liJn~. ~$19U251Jjm 75 JmB"JF",~~ji1=r:fft!!~U ° ~*5tfJTB"J*6*~J~ 'lEOO1=r~ J W '~OO. B"J*Ji-E'r. ~tgrPpf~~9;D.' ~lf:t¥-t5jUm~fi~t_LLm,~*6f~~. ';gr-/j\AJ ° ffiJ~fi~t~~ ~~;f:U.f~~~cp~A~~~~1t5t~£~, ~NP:tEcp~AIG\ § CP8)t~T;gr( H ~~tg) W/}A (::fH~~tg) B"J~;f:U.5t~ (NP~.~f~) ° ~{Bt! ' JWJH7§'W~~:U. (2000) ~ljj;J*~~~J[~~fI1_t~ , ~~~~Aiii±~cp ~~B"J~J[~~Jm ° ~{Bt!~A~?J~~A~J[~~:tE-fiA1flB"Jm~T ' ~tzD[PJX:~Jil ~~1=~W~~ , [PJB~~~~1~~M,fL~iB ° ~Uff:refIHJ~lf:t =fi*~~~J[~~*Ji m~*. ' *j~m*~~~J[~.m~ (Paternalistic Leadership Scale' PLS) , ~~@Hit~YJ. °. Liden. fl~J=~*~.'~.~~*E~~~~Am~~~fl~~~~~.~.~ti. ,. WMaslyn ( 1998. ~~~~~~~~iX (coni. nB"J LMX lErt:uB:liJo. rPpfit~{*B~. ,~. !lifE~~~~Uff:re cp PI .k B"J~iX. '. ,~,ID£W'IW~~B"J1ll. , ti~~.:tE~®B:'}][5I ~~H!' , ~::f~[PJ~~~~JI H~. til2Sl*5tfJT (confirmatory factor analysis) B"Jf~,~ , 1it~?J*~~~J[~tt{f.~ -21 T ~ tI ' 1=~Wt~1=r=@~* ° Jt:CP~tI~J[~3Z.~-2I~Wtl{'FJOO,' llZtrm~~.fmJJ ' 7fj ~~~fflW~~~1=r~[g:rJ'! ; ffiJ1=~~J[~~lj~-2I@5jU?,~~ , *fElliOOr ; 1~1=r~J[~~U~. litt~~~.9;D.~tg~J[~1=rfi. 0fL5tE!f:lWj;J:!'t{'F~U=:rJ'! °. llI~fL~ ° ffiJ1ft.rEB"J*~,~q. *,*tl!i~~x:iX~§i. '. ilt11~~J~~tg~~IiJ~f~'. atlfil '. @ArPPt~-:rJ'!~*. {J;Zf~~A~~.9;D.~tg~J[~1=r~~~~{&~ ° {El1ftx:iX@]~cp. '. , ilt11~-tEJ!J~~~. If:t:9i- ' Kelley ( 1994 ) 1=r~ PIl-Jm '~~-fl~ J. ~ ?,~~= @rt:u 1!flittPI j;J 7iS 1m. tg:tEB:IiJ~?&~B"J~J!Il.. ' gJ. ~~g$.m*~.~tg~~fl~I2SI*~Uff:re~::f~~'R~®Uff:re:tEUff:reti. B:1iJ~~mf!$~ °. , Uff:re§~WUff:ren$~Wf§'M~5E ' 19IJtzD~{Bt!~A (2000) mtB~*~~ ~J[~;ZUff:reti~~:U::*~t~ A ' ~x:'-i ( 1987) :tE~§i CPM J-'~ifffB~ , Jt:Uff:re~ § ~~$)t~?J5ErPpt~~~A~~.9;D.~tg~~* ' ffiJ~U~tE!f:l (2000) ';grW/}AJ ~Uff:re ' :tEUff:ren$~~j;Jgjt$19U$J[~~g~~~~.I{'F1iJ~~~J[~1=r~$ 19U ' ~lf:t~®Uff:re~*:tE~m~~Jt:{ftjj~Ntt ' ¥Jf~Uff:re~M,1!7iS~fN~j;J1!Uff:re m* ' NP~g~A~~g9;D.~tg~J[~1=r~~~.m~* ' @:!im*'M{tft~.~~.W. 2.¥AfElI"HiJf~. Jf::Z::f [PJ B"J B:1iJ n~ ° {§.~.El A (:@G~~~:9i-AB~) , ~~~ g{*;Z~~ , *3f¥U@AE!!. ~tgB:IiJB~~~* °. j;Jt~~fl~lErt:uB"Jn~W~. ~. ~{Bt! (1995). :tE <il. ~*Ji~m~~ '~JilJf!riJ"'~. E8~*Uff:re § ~:tE~~§i~~.ti~tg~J[~1=r~B"J9;D.W~~.ti~tgB:. :9i-AB~' J'!iJ~j;J~~~rt:uB"J. 1iJ;Z~~g~'~~Uff:re~~~_~@:!i~$.W~tg.~~B:IiJ_.cp'~fi. ,~,~g{*W::t.g{*~~J:. If:t:9i- '. If:t:9i- '. tt~~~n~'~$$gti~tg~~fl~~~.'WJt:ti~tg~B:IiJ;Z~~Wg. {*? ~lf:t]I!ji-*t~~~fJT~~.9;D.~tg~J[~1=r~~~*3Z.~0]~®?. ~x:'-i (1991). ~U~51~NNIlI~B"J~5:&W/f. JE. °. C ~*PIj;J~~ 'f~~. ~1ftffiJ~1~IG\J!Il.~~:ZP:~J~ jiffiJ~~NNIlI~~~:tEI{1. 1. gg1Jf§IHHJf~. f~~ cpilt11~~PI~ tB~J[~::. ?fT§~~~.W~tgB"J' B:1iJ~~ J' ~tl1i~~.W~tgB:IiJ~~~~' 1=r~W~YJ9;D °. ~. 184. , ]I!1t~;f~A~~.B"JI{1.

(5) ~81. o.~~¥~~~·~WMI~.~Y.M.~·. ~MI~.~Y • • ~$~+·~u.m~lli~~~.mrn~fu~U~~~~ WdJ ~~ . 11rJ:'t'J lif§MI~¥mtc?"*}~lf:$J . •~MI:af¥J~e-!i:ill:g:mWi}}fitQJJ~ . lliM'1HfJiW rm {£~w~=R~-!i:illM!m$mf=- : WJ:dz0m f~h1z ~eTEIlf''J ifb IHill ~r#2 ~ni£ifb~±~etj:JMI:a~illM!.;-gJfuDg- . •~~ '$*£!.!]'ifJ @f~(1fu~8"I J a £ill : ~+m~2{ilii~e!i:illM!WiI2$ng 0. I. 0. ijma~~e~illM!.~~$ng!f§ij:m:@j:~e~J:'t'J W. c??filmiH~~e~J:'t'J d m~NJf. • ~Ji#~EIlf. WdJ ~emji{:fYt;f (I661) ~4~. 0. 6 ~~/ltl~fr~ nfu}~~BJ'Z'[rmli~ea~M~. . 1i{1-1T. o~~~~~lia~m.~~~fu~·.~~wn.~mwn~~. , 3JnU8Tgf~:a~E~li~~m.~:l,l:~TOJ1. [rmlilfm~U~efE;J§ifg~lfjg(1$ng . ~EY1i{. ~(1. .. ~~1i~~~li~e~~;aH. li~~M.~:l,l:m~O~~e~f. ~~YW~~~~~~~~.m~·~Nmmo~lilfm~U~fE;J~~W~~(1 ¥ml~(1f[fMf~¥¥~:mt~~. i!I~m*}n~~, *}nU8Tgf~:ay~~~mlf@f¥f~~.~:l,l:· (&EY1i{1~}iF~;]!~~) Y fyJ~~~~l1lfwHY ~f~::~~~*ifH'M~~ . rn~f~j:j~B} ~fi~li~rm+c;.ll: ~f£illjf· lf6o~.i-ili~erm+!tI~M£ill '.~J m ~~ J' 'U8Tgf~J ~eM~~lg~8"I $Yw~~~~m~tj:J4- <~fb~lFf~y.mWf~*if~) :a (~661) ~t8}~ i;£±e!: lfiI El* Y •.'l o #~~~EIDU'(J~li . Ji#~8"I=~ern?{f klll;})l m~JQ~ . EIlf~~eT:§;fyJ~li:aa. m.~:l,l:.~~$t~*lli~1ID. $·~Y2ij~YW~~~~~~~~.m~o~§~Y~~~*·~~~wn. 0. ~e~~m.~:l,l:wH~iL1-:~. ~m.~:l,l:n!t (8661) UA[SBW. mU;}pq ~T~~8£ill. 0. tm$(1JQ~lJfE;J~}-~~E'lE¥f. ~t:fj§l[r~±~ttJQ . ~li~ea~M.~:l,l:1ff~(1JQ~J}~ . ~~lli~~5f~.~HIJ1 ~l@ill MtiJ:rI~~lJl$l~H!tfl '*lfr:fH~iIi¥}-*E¥l~I,]J~ J m '~W-~ffjg J lli(1JQ~fb gwbillM!n!t (17661) A;}n;})l . 1i{1-1T. :m~fb.![~~e.~MI.~. 'Y'f/m±¥ J (OOOG) !3s § ~e¥mlf . &EJi#~i:f WdJ @~~~em?{f. (OOOZ) Y ~. Mi;£m:a¥tft!~~8 T~~4HJ}~. .. .. .. ~:. ~~@];(JJ:. ~8"I@f~ib~Y~t. 1ljI1,~. '. 0. illM!~e.~:l,l:rnmng;.;f;m~e (d!llSl;}MOnOJ). o~~~~-jf~~W~·~f¥J~li~lli~~~~Y.m~~~~.~~~. ~ng.![~fbib ~:If. '. : ±!JiD~~. C?~tt.~:l,l:d1f~. ,. 1~MI. ~ J~'[l}.!lf.![~~~~2£ ·FlW~e.![~~~~OO'~ 1-1Tf[f:g:. ~~wnxw~:a~~m~~~mo;~~T~*~~~li~~:a.~M·.H. . ( S'ld . ;}[B:lS d!l. ~~·~~~~~T·~8"Io1f6~~~Y.m~~M.~~[gJ~+~·.H~T ~;rijl*}n xw~ :a~H~. a~M.~:l,l:!tgf'[l}~ttJQ. . m!~~e¥m~~~aEj=l1=r} . 12?ffiJ~T~~I,m~~~ , ;(J~~ . !'fillf¥J~li~eS~f$..9:l,l:rn~(1JQtj:J¥tft!~T~b¥?ft. {£~!lf@r,~. gffX:rmOlJ• .. _'L~'%~9rJ. tj:J.Jj+WY.~;It~. . ~1illi~ei. -£'4 )±¥J~¥dtj:J § ,fJ'Y. ~~~~·T~~~X~~w~~:a~u~~~m.~·~~~~~xw~~U (AHBAOI) ~~~, (UOnnqplUO:l) ;(J~~~f¥J~~~e~. (lIf~:. o f{i li fE;J :-1f ~~. 0. @f ___ (P;}JJB). ~~I,'. X~li1-1T#i~.~:l,l:mS~. . rnm;(J4~enEl* XW'lIll.:f~ (8661) UA[SBW mU;}pq o. o. TibID~i~£ill. 'Y'f/-±~. 0. f$.~lIf~~~ f¥J ~ ~ ~e~fbi. B-Ef~~e. ~*!'fill~~liW~~T:a~~lia~m.~~T~d~·~U~li~&~M.~M. 00 ~ J m. '~fboo~ J 1fff,i. ~~en~~H.![~m~T.

(6) ' Ji'i]~HW~jjt:lz: (2000) pJTmc±:lz~:RA~Jl~~l2;CP , :fJ\mc±:l~ Ag~JI;:tEOOf-f ± >gt~1=r~Jl~Ti¥J0fl5t8)j WtJ-!t{'F ~U i¥J1=r~8~ , ~£U~c±:lg16~ W 5&$i¥J&J!! :tEOOf1±>gB"J~m~Jl~Ti¥JW;ffIH'FM ' Il.zJmg~JI;~gJJ ' ~~~frIi]?( ¥)(~1=r~~ , it;f§f1t~:;&fJlc±:l)f~tt ' mHft ' ft&:N]?(~tl OOf-f±~f=~~Jl~TB"J 1r.m75U~~W*lgfOO.:r:i¥J1=r~~ , ~IJtt;f§f-ftlli:;&fJlc±:l®U~tWIiiI¥~i¥J1=r~ pJTtJ-fffiJll :tEW~:RA~~~{'FMi¥J±~1L!}]~pJT';&fJlB"Jft&:N)1~1ft ' ~J~tliil¥~Ed16~5&1!~1=r ~.@G'I'j!f~ , :fJ\~PJtJ-m*:f1H~g~JBW±~B"JRlJJpg~ *,*IJLt.~ , utFJ'G::g~fJ~g~gf-f±~B"J1L!}]pg~PJ5tmtfJU~MIf)l~JGt~ :(-) 1=r~If)l~ : tlD Liden WMaslyn (1998) mc±:lB"J.w~~ , i~'~~W ' 'I'j!f~{tc±:l ' .@G ~IHBt! (1995) mc±:lB"J I ~{*fi"fM J' I i~,~fi"ffiD J W I ::t~g:fi"f!iU J ; (=-) fiJNmz~ : M Kelly ( 1994) mc±:lB"J I ffi;f\j-m;f\jJ ' 11Yli:lz:}i!:,~-{t(~~~ J ; (=) '1'j!f~If)l~ : ~D~HBt! (1996) mc±:lg~JIlittJ-ft&:N (~~) , {t(*~]?(*nB"J'I'j!f~Wf*~:RA~Jl~ i¥J±~R!}] , .@G~)(~ (1991) 1n CPM ~§jfffcpm]?(fffiJllOOf-f±~~Jl~7JAPJ~gJttl ±'i¥JIE~.@G~~B"J'I'j!f~&J!! fFFiI§]J:.~1'f®utF9t ' :illz?FtJ-g~JIlB"JfilN:f~ff~g~JjW ::t>gB"J1LlJJpg~ , fffi~tt~f*::t>gfilN ' ~8Jl::t>g1*mzB"J~Jl~{'Fm ' PJ~gitij I~g~ JIl@:±.1IlJtI&J!! ~)7}-®utFJ'G (~D LMX ~§jfff) , ~UtJ-±~Wg~JIl1LIJJ~1*Jb1ifH ~i¥JfilN ' ~MJ:.~1L!}]~{*i¥J6"pW ' ~;fg~JI;W±~:tE1L!}]pg~3(ft!!J:.i¥J~. ~ Itt ' ~D*~J(;1r~~gttg~JIlW±~i¥J.~~rZLIJJ*~,~CP , MlIf)lc±:l1f5~g~~Ff:l*1t&~W±~ 1L!}]B"Jpg~ , 9Dlt:tJ!!~PJ~J~tiiWtlli@]~*utF§'E~~~~1l1i¥J±JH:! fffi~jHBt!. 0. 0. {fi{®:B"J~NJ:.1'fpJT:;&f~. lilJJB"J~fj. kSIlt:t '. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. cP B"Jffit~ , i~' , g~JIlW±. i¥JIE~li!}]~. -5Ei¥J~1*. ,. 0. iZ§:1JutF'1t~~~~. :fJ\RP&,g~JIl~D~¥UW±>g1 1=r~B~. , g/3J1l1!1±Wrf*~:. :1JAW±~lilJJo. 2. ~ A fEll1lIifJ'G :tE~U~Is8Jl-*JU1'f~. , g~~ fffi~f*B"J I ¥~ J ' {t{ 3fWiZ§ lilJJ$~UB"J¥-ftsz - , i;t~ ~¥U±>g1'fJ~l1n{-llia~. ~P@]¥&±~. 0. fffi:@'~g~J. B"J:1JA ' @]¥~±~B"JJ~,~. 0. ~tlIE~ffi~B"J@]¥~1=r~). m, }jXB"J~-?fr:@~{*1UIrr ' 1 ~{*~~N ' :illz~rttfi&~)(i *,*ilJiE'i:; (1985) B"J JU1'f~ I ¥~ J B"J~l2; , ilt1 fffiJi*~ (1985). ~{*JtZ7tB"J ~.1'f~WB"Jf;. 1.iffl 7Jf§lBIutFJ'G. 7t~15~'I'j!f~'rlB"JJtZ7t~~. W Uhl-Bien (1995) ]?( Sparrowe W Liden (1997) g16m ' ±~WfffiJll zrs~B"J3(ft!! ' ttlli~~:1J~Jl~~{*i¥J~~fffi1'fpJT~~ ~~:1J~{*WW:tE~B±'A (stranger) [ll'&~~ , ~:1J~11(1LIJJ6"pW~~ , 1L1JJ:S:~P , ~)7}:tE1LIJJ@]¥~B"J~ rs~1f~~~RP~ , ~Wl.@G~ltM ' fffi ~tt!f5ttJ- MAfIJ~i¥JIHll.!iW1El:lt:tlilJJ ; {g~'~~ :1Ji¥J~{*IIl1J~JtZli:~~T§'}St (maturity) ~~ , ~U~7J:tEli!}]i¥J6b1if~H ' fffi ~~:1Jlil1J M~r'SJ ' ~)7}:tE1LI1J@]¥~B"J8~rs~J:.tt~~~~~RPB~ , fffi ~1L!}]~~ tt~fjg~~¥Uf1 Graen. 0. 7Ji¥JfU~. 0. fffi Liden W Maslyn. (1998) ~UtJ-ffr±tt3(ft!!§jfffi¥J;f§1Ltl (mutuality) ~2;. , ,~,~jj\;W'I'j!f~ , .@Gg~JIJ~~~W±~ , fffiJllJ!!~tt~;f±~:tE~~ , ,~,~W'I'j!f~ill®~:1J:mg16~1'f. c±:l'i'±~f-fg~JIl:tEq:IJJi¥J~flicp1'f~~i¥J~~. 1'f~~i¥JIE~liI1JB~. , r~. 186. ,~ :fJ\RP , g~JIl:tEW±l RPtt ' ~NWlti ' .@G-5Ett~ 5t~1J~IJ'ttEB"JJtZ7t~ , t i*~iJ. 0. W::t~:R:I1JB~tt~~J3t:tE~. ~- :1JOO:fJ\tt~~ tt~t ±1 [~lt:t. '. E8J:.~gj!<f§71'f~. i¥Jtii1'f;\t ~ffti ' :fJ\RPfffi~ 5E PJ~~®litfJ'GI~1'f@]1 *PJfjg~ ll::R1'f -J~ , 90 ~ , 19:tE~®~Ji~1=r~:;&1 0.

(7) 'ff~ lUi'/,!'-~ Z. 4Ji ~':U;lrji. %~P:~]f~~l~cp ~UEt'1f=r~ffif. '. 1fJ3<f~tp,1l,{?,fQ]W. , llZtaJg~g~g:tJ ' ~'[)l. 0. ID~~~ffi&. iID~t±~{=~~]f~~B'J. ~}b:tWlIJ¥~B'Jf=r~ ~. , l)j;mtB3J. 0. .~~~f:!t~~M~m,ft~~.~~~)(.H~offiffi&~,~±rgJt$.1£ RI1JB'Jj@flf'.CPB'J~~. ~KrtuRI1J~'$gW±rg1£~.'~.WM~~~RI1J~1f.jr'~~1J.~. -JEB'JIm{*. pfT t) g~.. , ~}~tliil¥~&~~~J50z1!~f=r. ~o. : (-) l~ , fg,~fIl!IW ' '1~~{1tB ' QlG I ::t~gTB fiD J ; ( =) ~f:!t!f)(rtu : -1ti(J/ijVst:1J J ; ( = ) 'I'~*~!f)(rtu : &~nB'J'I~MfWf**~p:~]f~ g~JmiIDJt±~~]f~1JP:EJWgJfi. :Mz1Ft) g~gB'JftJ f:!tT~ff~g~gW !f)(B'J~]f~fF~ , EJ~glWij I~g~. 0. ~~'~1J~~~~'$gW±rgZ~B'JRI1J~-.'0~B'J)(.JH~' I)j\NP~g~JIl5;O'i:fUW±grEl~B'JRI!JIm{*~H. f=r~B~. r:5tnlGT7U~@I!f)(rtu}~:1J. , ,~,~W'I~~~jr , ~g~g~D~;!tIfP[z;:j~/f~JWJiW±rgicff'~i7. '. gXg~.5;O'i::rU±rg~i7B'JIErPJ~][~. , g~JlHttt~f*~~KrtuB'J1!J'iUW±rgRI1J &z ' 0. g~g1ft.Jf'~~~rtuB'J. ::fj~W±~Rl1Jo. 2. 3JA fl3lHlif~. , ~f~~3JAg~.5;O 'i:fU±rg~-J~tD~ftl1B~ , g~Jm}1f t.J I Fmj@ J ±~PfTDtl!}gUIB'Jflf'.ft ' 161¥~±rgB'JDtiUgt rmli!f£B'J I ¥~J ' {w'fWj7§1Jff!±1f-x.~~~l~~pfT::Y;liiJ ~~3JAg~.Jt±~B'J RI1J1!J'iU~~@'z - , f,;t~;!tW±rgB'JRl1Jffif::Y;,&,!,&,!R~±~Mi~i7j> , ~f,;t1t& fr~U~IsBJj-~7U1§Im3JAg~.~t±gB'J. I. ¥~J Z~~cP. 0. 0. i7jr@]~±~offif~~$.~'i:~±~~~icf~~'1f~~IE~m.(i7-~). n (1997) ~~~ , ±rgWg~g. B'J1JP: ' 1P]¥~±rgB'J}~lJ! liiH£tlli, ~$.'i:1~±~~tfif1.1)t1§*i't=Y~~5jUB'JJ~Ui!!B~ , ~tilErbJm.~@1¥~f=r~f,;ttt~::Y;1ftBf~ (~U~IsB)j , 1991 ' 1994 ' 1996) ffif~*~ (1985) :f'!tB~ I A'I~WiIDTf~~ J ~~f~P:~~~CP~A;(£fI:tJi1f1 JltB'Jm-7V~~BH**U~ , ~Pjf~JZtsz:nc:g1f9G*UIT~~~flf*:g W~ cB'JH{*!J@iM ' ~{*5€af:!t ' :Mz~lf:tfi&~)(ttB'J~~WJ]{J'i1j **is'jI'!.B:; (1985) B'J I A'[~WiIDTf[(ht J &~U.B:; (1991 ' 1994 ' 1996) -~ JU1§~ '¥~J B'J~l~ , ~fr~EJt)~tB3JAg~.Jt±~~¥~ , Wr~fU~1Jzrs~'I~~ 1m{*!!X::5t~i7.~WtrJB'J~{* I)j\~P , ~g~J1!~'i:W±~rs~~~{*~I~t1B'JnlG :5ti7D~'I~[~tl~nlG:5t~ , g~.tt±~~Rmb ' ff!~Wrmiii~ I iJT±lW-x.ffifff J B'J0~ J]{J'iU I)j\NP , $.1£W±rgRmbB~1fttf'~~±m@lAfI£t ' [QJB;1f~*±~*i~T:U.. 1lt~1JIm{*f¥W?1£[l8g::A. N~~'mMtt'~-JEttB'J~~offi~~$g~'i:W±~OO~Im~~M~tt~!!X:. J;J,±gWg~~RI!JIm{*§b1fH 1£RI!JJ7g~)(:[ttt.B'J~~. 0. ~. ~)(tBlIHJJlg~gm*1t&~w±rg [:f*~1B'J±1.!. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. uOOB<JfDJ1*. 0. IT. 0. tf'~jr. , g17i-1£RI!J@]~B'J~ ll!i!!~WfBtlftRI!J ;. {J=]-*1!:~~ bB'J 6b ~f'~H ' ffifJi ~}j RI1J ffif JiRI!J~ttf'~~g?~l~JjfUJt. 0. :5ti7D~I~'~B'J~:5tB~. , $gW±~B'JRI1J1ftt~f*!f)(~*$J'iU ~~ g~J1!1£ W±rgRI1JB~ttf'~/j<Wr1:Ef~~B'Jfrj£t ' ~1JiIDfr~ '¥~J B'J{,,;EI' [P]¥~±~ 53-1JlIDl)j\ttf'~::Y;1f~t±rg~*:u'NPt1 ' ~~Mt1 ' ~-JEtlB'JI6l~. (mutuality) ~~ , t~. 'I/~ EIE!!""" JillG , # n:f( I.m *§ llli m +- ~ FI'D' ~I=tPffl<"',,<9::"/~I§ ~d;. m,[4< JillG~§" If:bH-+:c!47~J} e;; * ~ )D.,AE.-==-.3l-)J 1=tlJa)L\~"'-R. ,J:i)~/ ~. ,. 0. 0. ~~'~~~Mi71§Im$.W±~RI1JB'J~.:f*~~~'$gW±~~Rmb. B'J1ii~;!t~rr;t1. 3Rtl:. 0. JE. 0. '. I)j\Npg~gW±~B'JRI1J. EJ~~IfP~'7i::1)t1§@]1§F~r",51.!:lik. ' B'J1iilWff~±~Jt;!t~][~f=r~B'JH:tJffif : (-) ~D~g~.5;O'i:±rg~]f~f=r~(j'J:1JI~. ~EJ~::y;~n~-~'~*$.~'i:~~1:E;!tIfP.~fi~~f:!t~~~m~~lE ~'ffi1£;!tIfP.~fi~~m~~~~~'$.~±~~ffi.'~f*~lE~~}jP:. 187.

(8) W::trgB:t1J ' ~~tJ~rPJi¥J:15J:tW::trgB:t1J~~ ? [l"t]f*t~ , (=) ~SJljw±rgB:t1Ja~ B"Jpg~3J\OJ~m::f ltR1'f- J]!! , ~lf:t~~SJIHm~t::trgfFf ' OJW~.tE~®B:t1Jpg~J: tf;Rlf)ZIE[i':iJB"J:15J:tW::trgB:t1J ' {El.~Jt:fjgi¥JB:t1Jpg~J: ' OJ8g-r~H*lf)Z~~tp'11~~ rtJ B"J :15J:tW::trg B:t}] lZSIlf:t ' :g:SJIlWl::rgB"JB:t}]1:tJW ' OJw~::f¥l¥1RJE:::trg$JiX:H (9:Djt¥U::trg~ Jt:1'fIErtJB"J~][~1l'~)' iX:gt~{~H( ~::trg!¥ff~IE[i':iJB"JB:t1JpgM3 )ill:m!fm¥B"J , @] ¥~ mUWfffiB pfTtJ ' 1iff~::g-~£~tJ~SJlfI~li~~-§ii~B"J~][~B:t1J~ifIl ' ~~@: tjH;£~SJljW::trgi¥JB:t1JMl~,~tp , )'GtrntJTtB : ( - ) ::trgi¥JIJY~®~][~1l'~]\ff~ , .~ IgsU~SJljW::trgi¥JB:t}] ; (~.) ~SJljtEW::trgB:t}]fFf ' ~~1'fIJY~®B:t}]pg~ ~1~ 0. 0. 0. ¥HIUJitl.:mt~~li' 7HJTtB~SJIj$t::trg~][~1l'~i¥J9:Djt, W~SJIj~::trgB:t}]rB~B"J1#J1*. 0. ~ *ji*4:5ttJTi¥J~e it! 1Jjz§'~ ( open coding) ,. ::tifiltJ,. i¥JfF~. , 7'GEE1iff~~tJ~~~ ~i¥JM~ , ~*B"J:5t~[g@~ ~Wt~~~~ ( -1ll.) , tf:1iJi 1iff~ , 1ii1~J2,ji*4i¥J:5ttJT ' &w~ .~W~251:. 0. 1:E*~ 51 ffl ~~JJ::g- § ~[f ;fllItpmR.~~15m ~~.i¥J~~tpOJu~tB,utt1'fI#J~~i¥J1iff~'~~~~.i¥J~m.~~. ~r'~HJJE~~f{-t~. ' mU9J¥1:j 0. fffi~~Jl. 1iff~::g-~J2,~~§~T§j~1;£:g:SJlW±rg.~i¥JB:t}]*~. ~+{!QJtpX{-t~:5t3u{-t~+t. .tp'Ufitt~~i¥J:15J:t'M~.~omU*1iff~~*~~~~:15J:t'~~~~. R.A5;DW:::trg~Ji~1l'~~i¥J§i. Jlw::trgrB~i¥JB:t}]'I'~15C. 0. ~lf:t. '. ~tJJ"I/~1i¥J1T~$-WaM:mtpfT§3tB"Jfllf~. 0. IE:it§J.WI:t~lW. '. 1iff~::g-)'GtJ.§I5~~illijJZ*~. :15J:t ' $7'GW~~::g-~~ , tE§~BjJ1iff~::g- !t15-} (~tf:±:Vl£1iff~1:) , §JJ~ El B"J (1;£ ~SJlji¥JfI~~~mJt:W::trgB"JB:t}]M*15C) , fjJ¥ (¥-13U~rl:t~~~::g-OJ~~~~ff ) W ~rB~ (~90-120:5tji) 1~ , llil]rl:t~~§JJ::g-~~~Jjj~~~~~ff§JJrl:t' ~~§JJ~~Jt~t~ ~~rl:t~ , ~U3i-*~5E~~ B Wl ' ~rB~Wt~~~ ~rp~B"J.JJlli;f§1.J¥±w~EE1iff~::g-tJ~rl:t~:15J:t ' 51 ~~llJJ::g-jH~*1iff~iiX:m1M Z::t~ , tJ.§~t§l#nJB7~B"J:15J:t ' §3tBJ.I@A~M§rmrp~JmB"Jfm~W~1:t: ~{ll.~~ ::g--'&~~§JJrp~-* ' a*~JJrl:t~ 1.5 ~ 2 @/J\~ 0. ~=ii.\I&tpB"J~~f£:J:{-t~~~). =@¥{ll. ..... ·~lf:t~m ; fffi::t tp 'I J {-t~~-{ll.::trg , '2 J. ~U{-t~~~JJ~*t~~§I5i¥JJ¥~. 0. 0. 0. ~~~~*4i¥J:5ttJTtp. ~JJ~W~~I{'Fif~::f~Z' M!:g:SJIj J (I1P*tJi{£l~::trglf~U9!iB"J~SJI) 10. ill. Jt:tp~'I1:~S.-t;1ll. ' ft::'11~SJI!=1ll. ~~:5t3U~r'i'U~¥UuJi± ' I{'Fifji~ 3if¥U 10 if, I{'F1l'~'§t3*fT~"H$fI~' ;f4&.r~, ~IHl'~' ~~~, ~f)(:1l'jJ&¥1ll. ' {$*1C~~~ , 0rmlmrp~~ ...... ~ fffiill®~~::g- , JljtE/f~ (~t§~) B"JI1'F~ 1ll.J:Jlj*~~~=@ (B-) tJJ:i¥J::trg , ~~~JJ::g-D~~JJ§~a~pJT~ifIlR.B"J::trg , JljW~ 0. 0. 188. 0. , U1 *1'f' JM~m~B J (t~), '1#J't! [gJ]!! (~s.!J~ 1 ) l.JM~Jt.fB (.) , J1f~m~BJ B"Jpg~ , 1 0. *"". ,'?';/.gg. 'ItfJ.§1,"',J'. FEF C~3, Ell 1l.'Il"'J*I,JxJ ~ ""'1. "JIf.;;JFo".

(9) Jl~ II. till ' (=) g~JljW±~1L,JJH~ , "BJf!~~:tE~I1=91LI!JPsnl1L , "BJf!~~:f;Rmz~m9=tt1~~ ±~~tf1(;H (9;Di':!U±~f;t. ~JJ:g1'f*Irf.tJL i¥J H I!J ¥ls,~. if/J!5 z.. 4J! ~ 1L tfr~t. 0. IDJ~.*4I¥JJtfJT m*1iJf45t:.fJT8"J~fi1tW~*{t. ' 1itF3'C:g~~~fN]:!j[~1iJf45t;fJTfjJ'¥9=t8"Jrffj. 1"J1LI!JPs~~ )~fiI!F'Jf.i¥Jr @]. :OJ(~$Uf.§ ( open. jM!~8"J{5'&~1LI!J~1fB. 8"J{'F$ , jf[;E81itF3'C1!ftJIDJ~~if~i¥JIlf~ , ~JJ~1iJf4~fit~5t:.fJTWtjUf.§ , f~{A~l ~i¥J:f'EIlJf;Z , 1l9*i¥J5t~[g@]ti7,~ , ~]:!j[tfj5t:.fJT*55~JJJfiWi (f~*~ , 1998) ~f&~ j@Wt~~~f)l (-{ll.) , iWEJl±fPJ~ ([g{ll.) »1ii~A1J~{~tgIJ.±tg ( ={ll.) 8"J 1itF~ , lit~£JiJf4i¥J5tfJT ' &fff~WBff~tf:~-@t1r ' :l&f&¥JE81itF~~3!i'Jtitf~*5*i¥J. '. ff!~OO:. 8"JO]~I1=9{5'&~i'Jm~f~ ~1t1'fO]~I1=91LI!JPsliB. , ~w3 0. ~1&. 1fg~JIj~t±~1Ll!Jrs~8"JI"H*. 0. coding) , ±~,,~ ( axial coding) »±~lHmJf;ztjUf.§ ( selective coding). 0. m~W{~cj(. 0. 8"J (fff rr:!5}t~JJ:g"BJ~~}t~if) W. :tE*:xij Iffl}t~JJ~§~B'f ' m{*~}t~JJ1!fW}t~JJ:g±tg8"Jlljfk ' ?fT1'fIDJ~~ Tj9=tm»t~IH~~m ' ij~~.{ll. ' ±~tt~ , }t~JJ:gtt~~;f§IUJA± ' :K:9tJ9=t ' ~ :xr1~m~Jj('¥={-tfj rmIDJ~1i;j6.f.*~~8"J~~5tJJU:m : ~-E,~9=ti¥JEf3 ' Z······ ,£ ' ~+@]9=t:x{-t~m5t3U1-t~+{ll.}tIDJ1!f ~=E,~~:x{-t~9=ti¥J r C J 1-t~}t~JJ:g~1fB »;!:t:9;Di':±tg{5][~i'JmB'fi¥J~~~i5 ' r AJ {-t~}tIDJ1!f~»;!:t:W±~1LI!JIF.'fi¥J~~i5 ~-E,~9=t8"J~:x~a{-t~}tIDJ1!fij~~i¥J*Jl~ ;!:t:9=t A {-t~~-@].{ll. ' B 1-t~~ =@]~{ll"""~ll:t~m ; rm~a1&i¥JIQ:~{-t~}t~JJ1!f:tE:tHJl~pfT~3W8"J±rg , ;!:t: 9=t r 1 J {-t~~-{ll±tg ,r 2 J {-t~~={ll.±tg"····~ll:t~m rmmll~fU,~9=ti¥JIQ:~ ,. ~if~JJrr:!5. ~U{-t~}t~JJ1!f*tit~~~i5i¥J J'¥~. , ~jrfffg~ JIj8"JfiJ f![~ff~g~ rffg~gW±~.~g8"J1LI!J*~. ~*rrjf~~JJ~:1JA. '. ~j'lj}tIDJ"t. iff~:gjf[;tJ m~i5~'M1ID~¥3 =f)Hiff3'C~ ) , IDJ~~ §. 0. ::5}t~JJ:gI]iJt~t~. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. Uff~*E*. 1j}t~JJ:g~t~t*1itF3'Cw\~~1 ~i¥Jfi~W:1[$. 0. 0. 'ff]{ll.}tIDJ. $.Jf±~~J{~f.fml¥J~.IZ§* fff~JJ~~1iJf48"J5tfJT9=t @!±~JfiM£8"Jg~JIj) 10 ill. 0. ;UEJl± ' I {'FIrf.Jifff 3 if¥U . '~~3J'*' ~~i'Ji&~{ll. ' E/ffPJ (~;f§fPJ) 8"JI{'FWj ~H~?fT~IfB»8"J±tg , :K:9W}t. *1'f r JM~JliB J [gJj (~:1J~ 1 ). '. 1itF3'C1!f.~5tffT tfj~Ag~Jlj9;Di':!U8"J±rg{5J{~i'Jm Il9. (t~), r lUJ'I~"BJ*Jj! J. ('Iw)' r l~m.t;i%ftIJ J. (1i;t) Wr ~]:!j[~* J. ({fEP). 0. l.~~m~(I;!). r ~f~@1iB J 8"JPs~ f~jfit~ J. '. r {J,ijWJ*zf![ J. , ±:~fD±~i¥J&b1!1l9*1'f1UJ W r W*JliB J = @]flHAret~ 0. 189. 0. Ps~1j;!J31'f±:tg8"J. r r?J:1.

(10) I. 9iDit. &M~j.l.9iH. 1iJ111farm. ft1111t"IGWJ. 'lW~!J!>1<. ~)j£. (~). (M). (~). (fW). p. ~. pp. Ie". W.. ~. :!it. {,\. t%. ~. ~. :t~. t~. :fI. ~. ~. ~. ~. $. 1o!. ~. j'8. Ie". lMH. tilb. *Jf. 1']'. Ji}]. iJJ.. ~. -r. •*Ei. *Ei. ~. ~. 1551:. 7-. 7-. >1<. >1<. T. I. §bt!ilit~J. L '. ~ Jl:1:..ftr~1tll~. 0. Af:1l)~~ ti5h. '. )~~. M!.~klti! ~. J. (;J(.-(. I. 0. E. W~JOO.iB J ~:t~:=t~fj. .fjg~1i]i!~ff!~B"Jj!NI. 0. :=t~B"JW~JOO.iB. :. , fjgil:?0fL :5t B)j , fjgf~tU/f1lUfL ' /f~fJl~~/fliifUfiftA ffiJ:=t~1'J~a~ , fjgil:? t)!t{'F~U ' IDt ~~~ , f~tU~f§lE[j[ , fu~g~g~ ;.:=t~§bt!ilit~B"Jm:l!.1~ f9U~D : tr)t;:ft:=t~B"J. *_. ~ -"R.~ 1f.gF ~. f9U~D. 0. g~~. l~J~g~g~~J:I:=t~W~1Lmva~ 0. *,. 0. I ~A. B. *«, ~x.,. ~~T~~f". ' ~R. user' ~~h ilttt*ll~1t! 1.~-*M~*~'M.'T*.a-~ft!~~~~*T' .R~~-.A~a-~ft!-. )~~ B~~. •• ~~'~~aft~.M~o~k. ,. ~-tt.~~. -C-B-004 ). ••• ~T~-.A'~.~~~.'T*~~ft-.B~oJ(T 2.lD1tfi'Um ('!W). -C-A3-0l4 ). I. , g~gtt1.t~t):=t~ ~ c1'Fi~1'Ff~tU ~rJ:9~* ' *WPIir~rJ:9~*~il:?-@(:EI ~D*:=t~*!tgti~1'Ff~tU ' ~Ug~g/ffm:ft ~*B"J¥M'J~)]i~L~*tTtff1D' tj~~:=t~ifP%B"Jmv~' ?Jt~£:~~OO~ZffJ f9U~D : {g~~:=t~B"J~*/ffjg~g~gpJT:m3ta~. '5z::t~~{". J. WI. , :3. !t~Srf:l& J. :=t~t;f~~g~g:ft'IW~LI1. 0. 0. ~'I~OJ*~J B"Jpq~. mv~Ic.\{g/f~~~B"J1JA!5lf~i ~D. :. I~X.'.k.~~~+-DT'Al~«.#~'.#k*~ 'a1n~&H,t' J};. .o~k~~~~*~~.#~'.#k*~'~A~.k-~~a. ~*'~a~*o. JJF. •• #-~~'a.*~~.~'ffl~~~ ••• o. a1r'~1~::t~ (AI) ~]. Al ;y-,t M+ ~ -r Xtt 11!f ' JIIYi:1~ B~'(; , 19 tiHHi 1t ~ ~ Will « ' JJF 1~ ::t. , ill *~,~ «tF e.j$.~* T ! tF~'. 4~.~M?amA~~.~k,~::t4.~ •• *T'~.*~.' #'~lIl*tt1R. ?. ~. Al ~ ~ ~+~-r~~. , ~-tt.tt1¥l"!f. -r ~~ ~ a~H*1~;y-,t*r", a::t4~#'l!!b ? J. 0. JJFA1t}fa+~. ~a;l1l1~~i\i1tM. I. {~fE$g. {,'~~N J ~:t~:=t~1'Fi~1'F~.:m*pgg~g/fI8lB"J~~. , :m*pgg~g , 18l~/f~tjg~g0¥HMfL '. fjc1&~r!J;R. 0. , ~il:?)]i~~JiS:5t1¥J f9U~D :. 'I~. 0. f9U~D. ~J. RP:=t~j. '. : I. A3 ~.~-t-)£.). )~} 7-..~a~H*. 190. 0. (T -C-Al-054) =~~1i51JOO. ffiJ. ,.. jdHd!~. '. aJ1~~.

(11) -$ ,I JlJ~~ i:. 4J1 ~ ][ tHI1r '-:1f-::k:ft1f~~~:ft~ra' !'Hjt~WJ. thh WJ. *6-. *,6T. T. ~~~J~~XX/~1!J' ~~*M!~.ti. ~llI~*. T*.o~~.t.AAa~~~ff.,~tl::a~.1mM~~~j'~. (~). ~~~~:1f~h'~~*~'Mn~~.ti~111m~1!J°Mna~~.,. (~). MI lit. Al. RJf. 1j. 'JI:J.. $. ilEi. :9::. ~. '*. '*. N=rJJa~. , 1m~0fL , ijg~P)J1Ht5l1J ' ~. ~B"Jm.l\\j6. 0. ~l!tl::ltli!-!-. 0. J (J:l<.-C-AI-041). '-];I.H~mRieJ ~f~±~~g~~9'W*rPQ~. .~g~{y~mff!ffitB"JJHE ±~B"JW*mRfB. 0. , 1Q]~~1:£I1t11fflflJ:! ' fJn~I1t~ g:~JIH±tt-a:rP)~~±~~1:f~¥M=rB'9HiMjW~* ' *Ullr. 0. fJUPo :. "±~w}t:l.[!}]a~. '-nB*~'1it.~R~-1mL~~.'~R~.~~.*m*tt. 17lJPo :. *'~T1it.~.'1it.R*-1mM*oR~~ • • • 'tttl::~~~.. user ' 1l!!.~ tr 'it ~i5" *AA 1l!!. complain 1t Jf .'tt. ' 11{~U,t *. ! If ~ user ~. ~~~!~0-~:t~kj. ~~M.,1it.~~~+'Mn~R~~~.~tt*j!J('. [~ a ~~ 111m Fa' ~. -C-B-004 ). 1t~~. -1m. Bug. 0. , 1it. tl::. 0. J. (T. 2.I1111ffi:iJm ('111) ,- rJm'tJ-a:r~I J B"Jpg;g , ±~fO±~fJ$.ft'I~~LB"Jl.[!}]::tfrJm pg;g'ELffl::tf '-3tf~rJm{J\J W ,- %~~"fjj(J =Jjf~{A!l;t~ ±~fJn~g:~.ft'I~~LB"J '-3tf~rJm{j\J ::tf= : -~I1t:1JOO ' ~P±~ijgP)± !}]rJm{Ag::f~~~B'9:1JA~~~g:~.B'9I1tlli15t ' -'ltz~g~~:ttMa'Y3tf~Wl&~ fJU 0. tt~P)±~§ c::tf1~1H,&¥U. "gt1~::tf1i'&¥U. ' 5lUg:~JIFff'ft. , w\Wr~~ffitOO~1. fJUPo : 0. 0. 0. Po : ~;ft4fr-. ' 1t4f ~~/Ju , IrrJll1it. 4ij:- ~ - AU:C a Wi ' PIT n Jf- J:. tt ~l1~x. a1r'111m::t~. riJt~. 1:;f~lh~' ill*~,~' ~IH~ill*:tfIJa, AAa~. '-a~~~.,.a~~.*~::t~o1it.~.~.M'* • • ~. 0. (AI). -!-j~1it.,*%' ~a1M1ti1~;t{l. 0. :1f-~a~7r~. Wi ill~' 1J~1t::t tt* j , 1t;t,t*J:.JjI ,. ~.~.~~j! • • ~j!a~~~ • • 111m'.a~~.M~'. ~x"Jf. 1it.a,ti~1t~ 1ti1t Jf. 0. 1J~~1tJfa+~. 0. i1Q JL f:i~~1t1ti ill. ECC. 1ti1~;t{l. ?It.. *l!iLt ~ ~ J (T -C-C2-066) 0. AI-054 ) =~~m:1JOO. Q]B"J~~ r&~ifJ.R. 0. , ~~WJi~3t:5:tB"J. '. ~p±~f,m~1:;g¥ug:~.B'9~m~,ffifr'jWlli15t. ' ffi1*'a7003UB'9rJm. 'I. fJUPO : 0. fJUPo : '-M~ • • ~~A~'.a~~tl::~*~A.,a~~~MM ~§A~*M'aAAA~ • •1it.• • #~~~~a~*~M~11.. 191.

(12) ~o~~~-~,~.~*ft~~.'~tt.A**~.~A4'~. aJ. a~*M'a.~.«a~.*~a~~t-#a.'.*k~~~. a~~:g~ P~-#~~ ~. ~~~~~. • • *~~ft~~.A'.a.l-#~.~oJ(~. 0. ,. l!*~1t~Jta~~. 'M~. -. 0. J (. , :illz/f~~iij-@l±i. -C-A3-008 ) I. .¥~±~B"J. I Jt~--r:fjj(J. £PJl ~~W€fl)g{*:f-t*J\!m. 0. :;\ikt§j±~~ff~~~~:fIffijm'§~-T. {§~tlo. '. ffij:lik~g{~JjJj:tz:. '. :. ak:g~. "tJtl!:f:~. PHi 'It j. , R~~a1. ~k'tn~~~o~. * ' .1tJtatt~~ -C-B2-017 ). 1~~*~.~~ttRk~.T~H~'Al~.tt.~~~. ~k*Ao¥~~*.~~~,~tt.«~.~.~.~~~*oa .~.,~~~a • • ~.~a~'_a~!tt~~**~ott~~ Jt1'~~#JJIJ. '. .~1l~jLta1r'~M ;~1tJtjE.. 0. 4.~3!1!~*. J (~-C-AI-028.1). I ~~~* J ffilUi'lfi5J fr I *J~~* J 1100 '. Itt>'1- ' JliJt~t§H~--r:fjj(B"J±~ , #ffifg.¥ffJliJt~Ip]~~St~aE%7t*fli!lAfrIfF LE%~mLJ5JTlID~¥UB"Jffi:fJ1W~~,I~~ I {'F~~,~LB"Jt~i'itlO: I 1~ Al "iJL .%"tfra« : w~~~~*~*Jtm,*~.~~a~*.'.~~A.~~*'~~*N • .A .JlJ (~-C-AI-027) ~115~~,~B"Jt~atlo : I Al ~*11~~1t*«~~~~ 19tJ~a!J.U:!§~B:t11~ 0. 0. ,*'. 0. cm). 1'fm~B"J§f~W~J.l~? ~. ~~i!f..!fiffr° I. ¥~"tJtA*- se"V. C ~~"tJt ' 1~~1.§.:t-~. tt.m~~~~~~~~$oatt*m'~~~«~~.f~*M'Jt.*~.. $. ~ .#L3!tn~ 1~. 0. J (~-C-A2-028). 3·IK1tSWJ (~) I ~.taWJ J ±~;fD±~F.ig~*~T~~S.fiB"JmWJW~lt#11II lID IttrPJJ.l1:9. -a# I mWJ*~T J W I jlilt*~T J =Jjf$Hj\~~ tff)fGfr I taWJ*~T J L ' [l#;T±~*Jt~~~~!E~J.lJ;)LB"J~~IJ'~Jo~wtz ~g>,} , ±~J!~~F.ig~~{iP,B"JW*E%:fIjJB"J{~m ' mWJ~~S~mI{'F§f~ , E%~ .!lj]~~S~If)t~~If'F31HJJ5JT~B"J1i{~ , ~.~ ; Itt>'} , ±~JliJt'l5Ii,m~g1.;m , m tJIl]tWfI f'F~iE~J5JTfr ' TIt1JOtJ~F[l#; ; E%~±~~g~~~St~l±\aJHilB"JI{'F § ~ , E%*~T IE1ilB"JI{'Ft§lYG ' ~{:f.fEB"J3i1'JJ!1JO?G~ , y=:;~~~gJo'l:±~mWJ~T1'J ~ffifB"J~;~~o{§~:I.~« • • ~~4#.'C3 • • a~**o4k«' 0. 0. ~«~~~~.1t'~~.V~.***~.~o.a~.-~~M~*~' ~ #.\) ~ A ~ :t-~&:. ~. J ( ~-C-C3-I8) Itt>'} , fr I ~1t.~T J L ' ~t§j±~~g~~~~S~If)t~{*B"J~~J ' Jjf7.l<. ' ft , ~~fUE%I1'F~ff {§Utlo : I 't iJ] k A3 interview a ' k ~ ma ' "tl a l!~ 100 ~ 192 fird.f. '. 0. ~~ t-* V ~ ~~:f.{ff. ' •. ~ ~ "tlHt-. 0. ffij '1'J.~* J ' ffilUt~: ' {.§.1'j®±tg ±~~f!I[LB"J~~ {§U:!zD :. mf~M~;f§1PJ. 0. I~_~*~.,~. }]~ 1! 'f! ilJ 1&' f. 1M: •. ,tt fJ. ~af:1la~t-{lt,. Jt. .1!$-ltf-}]~ -tl ~1lt~~1£~. 0. 0. }]~. t. Al. J (~.

(13) lf~ ~ It lf6 Z. 4fl ~ 1i til tt. ~A*~~.~A4'W. ~. -#~.'.*k~~~. a.{f. ~t~ r,.#u~ ~ - J ( l.-C-A3-013-015) M'~ , Ml.1'~iij@±,,@;1£tljg~J15B~MlJUi'iT J::. '. ·T-#~.~oJ(~. ffi]m'B~T. ' ffi]~~gi&Mbz: '. 0. i!*,z.ft~t+a/F*' f~huiR-~Miahu1l/F* 'performance review B~' ~il 0. :m~g~gB~1il1li~. 0. -WUtzo ;. r a k t~ rli\'t'lf i* aq .:r:.. ~ gifi ' mJ Ji a SiJ performance (;t (B2) ~ ~3!/F* ' ?./Fli&a-#tSiJkJf.1SLaq dirty work (1) , mJ/Fk~~A-#t aqk.haq.~o~ka~~.A*./F~.SiJ~.~ • • ~~. *'A~Na;y,t.~~~~.'~A~./F~*~.*oJ(T. 7... T z.ft;y,t~f:.flJ;Gt1. -Ptt.ll"lif;J1iN ~**li&* a ;y,t f: 1l.fR* Jj(. ;y,t f: 1l J (&-C-AI-028.1). -C-B2-017 ). 0. .0. 0. 4. ~:I!I!Jt* (~). rPJg~J15t~fiEJ!Z5-}¥@AttI it. r ~f:!!:l.~* J ~U'E1tJ!i7 r *.5&~* J W r 1=r$~* J l7:I&13TIDB~f1HA~l~ 1£ r *.5&~* J 1300 ' f~±~fj~$,gIit~:EJe. ' *';5&EJ!ZI1tJ!N ' ~1§~ ~fnflf~B~§f~W~N~? ~1§~J;)J'l1mB~t~~EJ!Z~N ' f;fg~JiHI:~~¥A1=r:IJOJ;J'¥. ~fitm:rf~Al ;y,t~*tJfa~:. ~EJ!Zffi~o. Wi aq At~ /F;fi-. *'. 0. JJ~:1f 1t N ;t. r !'# ~ tJL A *. sever ~ ~* T ' R. *:1f fIIf if;; ~ data t;t @.] *,;y,t* JJ~ mJJi• • aq~~'f* f~a1r~:1f~~1.Jt' 0. ~.o~~a~.aq*~,.. C ~~~,. ~~.faq*~'~T*~.. ~~~Jitr~f:~~m.*~~.~.'.k.{f.C~~.*/F~~~. 1;t/F1:§!*.J.!~f'. 1£1'1" *~1t ±. tbWJ:WlMft.~1HJ. 0. rmJl:t~N'E1. ffi]. J ( If -C-ABC-22). 0. r1=r$~*J. 0. '. ~Uf~±~f;f~g~.1£1=r$)!I,f~J::.~~*. 0. EI3~iij@A1=r$. )!I,~Ml.1'ffi~'ffi~®±~~~*$.~.@A~fJ$)!I,~'U~~I~~JIlGEJ!Z. -5EtjNJ;)J::.i'l~W~~o~:w&. ±~~f:!!:l.J::.~$~. -WUtzo :. 0. aiWJ$J15~JIlGI it § ~. , EJ!Z~ i- ' ± "@;)jt@~ wg~~m:im ' ffl Sg~J15t~i±!EJJj1lii'l~I it f! ~ ,. W~.~.f-#t.~SiJ~*,!'#~tJLW*~.:r:..~~aq~#,;y,t.{f.~~. ~~g~,g~Ojf±"@;t&iWJ~TfJ. Aaf:~a/F • • ·~/F~*Ao. C3 ~~ a1r~*~ ~k* ' t a (r~ Jitr - F.... ~ r"" 1l.fR J2SI ' i .:r:..t*t! J (l.-C-C3-18) 5~1f3Z~i*~~*. ' ir7.k ' 7T ~ , k~m a ' ilai!~1iN0. ~~.#W.oWA1;y,t~.a~~~-.~.TSiJ~~'**±'~. 0. r~_~* •• tl~/FkW.aq,;y,t~~~.~oW •• ~«~. ~IlJUtSiJ1£f!. 0. • • a.M~ • • ±'~.k'*.. J (;J<.-C-AI-22). 0. 193.

(14) ~. 2 'M' J!±1f~It~W$.Jj .1:.'lflilJfJm. ;U~~SA (1995) 7!~U1fJi::gtEU1fJi:±al¥J~~j!11~Jl!:;:JFm~~I¥J'I'lIf1JtT ~:;t'I9(i£IIiI;=IHt~1!*~fjJI~B"JU1fJi:jt*4. 0. tE;ffJ:ff~gJJ~f§~jtJ/Sl-~f&. '~ ' U1fJi::g. , fJ;A .3f1!m~$~~:g~ 1m f-f:a~ ± "gI¥J :5H~7'G ~~mt fEiJl!: ' :5t~tE7!t~9:D~B"Jjt?Hicp , utJt~1Ht~'H~~1'jI¥JJj]~g GSlJlt ' ~7f~~:g f-fU1fJi:I¥J*S*1W@IfI'iI¥JW6~ , Mz~m:g~.tzDfi'iJtJ r t~ J ' r '1'lIf J ' r 1iit J ' r 1iEP J [J:9 l¥Jut~)fE~/fiffiI0t~J[t3.t];t:tzDfi'iJlff]!. 0. 0. @~*'~~~±"gI¥J~~fi~o~T~.ilitE~~jtJ/Sl-Iff]!cp~~~h~±"g. tt : r + J. ~~ (~~~2)' ~~tzDT:. r-. l.1iH!iIi~:&:~~'±:~ T~~:g~7GImIU~~iiWAI RIJJ~. ill: ' J5fftJ Al. J. ~~fi~~J;DiUU'1%1:Ellt {~~{f~JI\J;nt';¥iJ.=t'1%1:Ellt-. , 9ll~ Ai Jl!:fii!I¥J±"g , fEiJl!:*~~~.if*c. !It{~~:R-!iJ!if$~fii!f.&~If'F~J5ff$~B''J9:D~W:J5Z~g. 0. 3·~;gIB<:~~'±:~. J5fftJfjE rliitJ. 1¥J~~*~'AltE~~OO~ml¥J.Jl!:~~~~o~~tErmJ~'~~X0~. p:g ~~:gtE~R A2 ±ti. I¥JIf'FJl!: T~~:gl¥Jm-{51If'F ' 1JD~ImIUfjE~JHill* ' ~lfttEIf'FW$:tj!~J!!~ ~1W~1J ' {Ei:l1k Al ~g{~**-t*mf~f'&~IBl't~WyJ~ rmtE rf!\J ~, T~~ :g~7G Al f-ff-llitE:J5Z~gW9:D~~I¥Jf$~ , 1!m~gf~¥U r /fWl-'f: J ; X.tzDT~~:g~ mJlltfm.~ , ~~ Ie iNgtilif~ bug m(;$:0~~~B@]T~~:g~f]!~{~M:ml¥Jro5 a ' fEi:l1k Al :JtTJiJE ' JJJt~ El BiN1!~mi*-g.1J ' *~f]!f1j!~@ bug ~lltf-fT ~~:grmi'AIl¥Jr.J:l1k~ • • • °mi~tErOOJ~'~~AItEI~~:5tW fE~¥Af'JI¥J~~~~~;:JF~M:~I' 9ll~ Al trnJmrtu~¥IH51¥Jj{f=t: ' fEi Al ft:a~$ Jljilitr1WJ5fT~* ' ~lft~IDJ:g~iGtE Al I¥Jm~ (push) T ' ElBtE x 0~m.if. ~~$IJJ ' f-f1'lf:g~.ili;:JF~~. 0. 0. 0. Wjr""~1Wf'&*B"JmG:R. I {'FB"Jf!'ii~ , ~lliitl¥J~Jf)( , ~: {£y%B"JIU:5t ' EI :f'J1¥J§JJEW* :l1ktE r'1'lIf J I¥Jrtu~~ , ~U:l1k, "g1¥J~~*~ , A2 B"Jut~~~' ~:l1ktc~1W~T~1iMI¥J~jf 4.m~~T~I¥J'±:1f B~IDJ:g~7GA±"gtE. ftJtI {'F~1'J~pfflW~l¥Jjt~. 0. ±"g~fii!wJt{ii!:g~r~U[~~1. 2.~~lI&~~~±1f. ±"g , E!~Jl!:lrt~±"gI¥J~?liJ. 1jEgJJ~CP , Rfr~~tJ~¥U Al ±"g~ftQ1'&HI¥JI{'F~f~~tr ' tE~*JlWifjtB"JgJWJIf~I~~ , ili/f:g:~*iiT (r 1iit J ~ ); l8l~fii!ilitrlBl{,'$JMI¥J%I'i#7\1Jt ' ~¥U:g~JM~ili~~tr*~:R ' j7§~9;HB"J11j ~ro5~ ; TfJH& ' 1tm~oil42r:g~JIj-Jm~~I42r~~ (r '1'lIf J ~ ) !M:a~ I {'FI¥J~* ' Al ±"gJ!::l1ktrtJ{=t:~~m ' ~tt4~FJ[I{'F1!mtrgJ1W~llt'£I¥J~r,,"~WEH~ 'utW~* :g~1m (r 00 J ~) {Ei:l1kp:g ~gJJ:gB~ilif!'ii ili ' AI f-f:g~JMB"JH (r 1iit J ' r '1'lIf J ~) , B~ tttt53U1W5,l." , :l1k~7fJ.L.p:g~gJJ:g~)JT.Jt{ii!I8l$ (r f!\ J {~) ; x.tzDf-f:g~.% l'iB"JIBl{.l' (r '1'lIf J ~) , /f:l1kili~~IDiXI¥JIBl'l." , rm:l1kw'§:'Htt~/f~gw-® ' ~{=t:~1¥J ~1'J/f~~W (rf,tJ {~) 1JD~~~:gmR-® Al llj~*J1:BB"J{'F$ , ~~fr&jf 1~ Al B"J r 1!~ J B"Jut1Wrmm (r f,t J {~) p:g~gJJ%f1¥J Al. 0. 0. .3f/f :;t~ i't EI3 fii! u[~*fj(;~~ ~*fr-®tgbJ1;i]. 0. 194. ttJi-B~~1. 1il1W2,~±"§f!MflliB"J~*.tE1 1Wa~{ij)(Jm$*. ' {,'CPtr1W®::;. 1Ei±"§fB~1~f~¥U~/f*iifii!1W~ 5.~~9G~~B"J'±:~. 0. 0. 0. p:g~gJJ:g~7G A3. ~). ,. l8la~trlBl,l.,'¥U$.I{'F. {~:l1kfflt~:rm~F±"g. A '. ±"gf:. (r '1'lIf J. ~. I{'FWjr,,"~iliit~*;W¥JJ¥1;.

(15) ill Jj U. !'-lii: 4W ~':H;lrM,. ~~lJU~Jf.~. ~2m~:=t~.~W$.~:=t~~~fim~.IZ9*zH~-.~. [~rF~;JFM'~1fNB'j'f~bt~. ~IDJ~f§mm~RZ f~. , /f , litFYi:1!f. I~D~.=t~B'j5t~7t:r~m!;. Jfb:f§m.a ~~ :i:1flim! OtD. 0. (~). + + +. 1!I3;g-.M~. -. + +. -. + + + +. +. . -. -. . ffffffgc§;? ~IlI1~M. -. [" - J. (~). + +. -. ~~*€1-:Y. tt : [" + J. (M). ~mil&~. ltjtR~fll! tp M' Je.Z7\~:=t >g. ~ T f~~1!f. lZ911t '. 1f~J}*. +. 'f!JJ'f~JJ~JJ~J IZ.9. 0. ftIIIJt1ifhWl. .Il1JIj~~. + + +. ~B'jJjJfjg. 1»11!farm. {~~fff)III9;D:?l~U±"g:tEJltluJlll:I¥J':llUJVw:tH {~~ml~9;Djf;~U±"g:tEJl:t-IuJ~l:I¥J~fJ!®i:i'i'. 0. 0. KQ~:=t~ , {EI.~*%IZ9~if.*c ~B'j~O~Wtzfjg. ,j}tE "f1f J L ' IZ9m x 0r=tJ K: ' lZ911ttEI {'FW~~i@1iff!L tt~ fffitE I{~J L ' TstIDJ /f1¥l--=f J ; 3Z.~DTstIDJ1!f~ ITT stIDJ1!f~fll!~@l.mB'jro~ 0. *~:£!I!f.!j[~@l bug J. 3.a)n!.~~B'j:=t~. pJTPJf)£ I ~J. 0. 0. IZ9llt~T. L ' 1Z9~ AltEI{'FJU5tW. ' {EI. Al1l1D~itS ElatE x 0r=tJi'¥Jif.. , tl'1l±\tE If! J L ' A2 ;fD{ihB'j:*:*=lm1t:=tg!}]mm{,\ ~~mg!}] , ~1~itS.m;JFm~mf8{:fTI(zJiMgJE5tB'j~m ; tE 1 £tJ L ' A2tEitSJIl I{'FB'jm~ , tl~B'j~lf:lZ ' Mg=lmMg~itS.1~¥U:ij~Jf~~~11j tE IiiFP J L ' A21l11i~ {:f~B'jJU:51 ' §f~B'jnJEW*I~;zB'j~*J: ' mfjg'f'&~O~{51B'jr-l§-itSJljB'jijgtJ {EI. ~tE I'f1f J ~rt:uJl:L ' J:lU~~jr~~::1JjijB'jrr~ lZ911tp;fstIDJ1!f~7G ' ~D*PJ:=t ~B'jf'ElJl:*~ , A2 B'jUi~~~OO1El~{/tI:1~1NH {EI.~tE~::1JB'jRg!}]J: ' stIDJ1!f~7G ~~tl:t~~L~W&MB'j~Jl ' /f{~friliWA3 B'j{,<ElI!jj!g.*1~~ffl:!fJi! p;fstIDJ1!ftE~& A2 .=t~a~. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 4.i5ft~~7~B'j:=t~. L¥~~B'jJNf. , fl<;1r~PJ~~~¥U Al P~Jl:L ' m/f1§:1i~*€t7 (I ~ J ~ mm1tJff%ft ' gg%~B'jiJJ!llt 'f1f J ~) ~1i~I{'FB'j~* '. A .=t~tE If! J ' I iiFP J W I 'f~ J LB"J~J],Y=g~PJ~PJ~~ , {EI.~ 1l1~I{'F~rrffi'jpJT~~B'j~~~lf:lZ~m£tB"J~J&J: ' fiP/f~m~B'jfl~ i9U~D A :=t~~{ihW~{ihitSr~@:~~fr~.3j , {El.ewr~£~Ela{ft{l£m~~ , /JOL~rf9$:-f1f{J;Z -,¥/f:*i@1iiirn{ih@:~:t:jjG~rf9.=t~~ , pJTPJ~ast~J'j1!f*~~ , :=t~ff!~tE~itS5t 1Jr*€t- rf9 t%WJ lltJ~Bst~J'j1!ft!1~7G ' :=t~B~wrfJHMN1Jr I 'f~ J B'jY:t~ , {El.1l'f {ih~£~:=t~f;f{ihB"J~*.tE~~li~~ , /JOJ::=t~tE~1)JB"J~J&L~/ffl~ pJTPJ ~a~{/tI:mJJ* ' {,\tpwr~®/f~H~B"JfiQ::1J ~~ast~J'j1!fwr1t1~Ela-@111±\ '. l.m~ffi'jrs~W§~' Ui.~*. {EI.:=t~fiP1~1~¥U~/f*€t{ih~~~.~y:m~@Jii. lsh) ~ ,. astIDJ1!f~7G. 0. £~M~tp. 0. i~H (I ~J J. (If! J {l£). 0. 0. 0. 5.~~5'G1:~B'j:=t~. 'f1f J 1Jr) , fiP. ; 3Z.~D~itS.:1i}. ~~::1J/f~~WW. ifu,*:wa~{'F1*. ' '. .{:f~~. J!~frtMt. 0. p;fst~J'j1!f~7G A3 :=t~~1-'jf$JI~~' ffiJJifLJJwr±:1i}5'G~'. PJ:1i}{'FJ:lU (I{~J , ffiJ Ji p;fst~J'j1!fmrJl1~ A3 {~~Jjjt~:fffi;Jp ±~ (I 'f~ J ~) ; R/JOL A3 B'j$~tzijg~F1%'H ' ffiJ JitJt@J~lWJ3U A ' I{'F:Jmrs~m1W~;Jz1~¥JJ~1*.'I'tfrili~lf:lZtt£t (I ~J 1Jr) {§Jlkp;f~~ A3 tE1l1 ~. ),. lPla~wrmm{,\¥UitSJlI{'Fa~B'j:1i}{Af\1£W~m~~. 0. 195.

(16) g~JI\i¥J~:>1tl:. '. ~P1itz1~?FmB"JY. ~~~ljJJ~frM~0~~. 0. I?SIrlt A3. mm~ El c%)f[;±¥B"J&~*1l*:. 0. , tt:¥~'8-ljJj: A31itz-=trg::fijg::f~~*g~JI\ (rffEpJ 11£). pff 0. :R 3. ~~{§"1f;. i1'llii. (~). 6.~IfiJ.1!W'~m!i¥J -=t~ T~ljJJ~:R7f;1&*NN. Al. -=trglJ!jtffl¥UfJlfr~*~)i:1J'l~. fffifti¥J~JUlW1""[tfJ~:p.~7. Al. $.W-=t~I¥J1""[liIJpg~. lill1. , ~c~)i:glB"J z 0~1& '. 180 Ili¥J,'~ 0Utm RD Wr~Lfr*ffAITfilWf~.1ift 0. i¥J::f~'::f#mmff®ffimi¥J~~o~~AIElCfr~LLffi~~~.'ffiW~ *g~JIWt1Emt;5. , El c~*!tJt< (r t~ J. ~). 0. ~PD~*. A1 m~*{iftfr::fPJijgi¥J. ~OO~~~IW~Il,~~~amglIW$~'~~tt:¥Wr~*®£~~'B JE~¥U0~:1JDffi. (r ffEP J,M). 0. ~)7}' ~ljJJ~t:1~-=trg~*i¥Jlj"fglIft®1!f[)~1itzH. '. W r {§1f:ililll J. ~f~g~J. ffiij'{~Wililll-=trg~~~. 0. 0U;. ~~~efu1!f[)~JE®ff_Il*:i¥J~.'ffi~.~W~~~~m~i¥J~~~m®i¥J-=t rgo~L~~~~i¥JW~~0~L~~*~A~.~i¥J~~'W-=trg~~-~~. r. a 't ;flJ ;r,t it. -t 1~. ' ffiift* ~*ll]tfW~iJRWJfift~¥UB"J1f1L~~W~~W (r £t J ~) J!::f ijgMl~~. if itA!€, X -0- J) , ll.it:ft $. ~*~i¥J~'&wm@A~m£~~'W~fu~t:~AIm~~®ffi~~m®fr. rl! Z -0- J)~!ltr ' 1t!!.i!JiI. =::*0~~~~. a,~~1:}1f- Y. *~Il. 0. , 1J=l.~fJlfri¥J Al ' ~P~~~frL ' ~~1fP%~P::ffitz$ , tt:¥~* rPJ~ljJJ~:R7f;~/JB"JlmflMf~-@]$ , ffi0$~~~0a (r 'I~ J y). -0-J) ~. -C-AI-003 ). 0. 2.'~E~Hlf (~D. , utf~~~~5t;ffTtB3JAg~JI\ff-=trg1""[l!J~pff1*ffli¥J1""[ tfJ~~~ r ~~{§~ J (~), r '1~,~*Ji!lli: J (*Ji!) , r {J\j]11tB J (J1J) W r '1~~'It.rl;k: J iftljJJ~~*4B"J5t;ffTCP. ( ~) [J:gJffij (~~:R 3 ). 0. 1..WMB. (~) r ~~{§~ J (~) B"J~~ , -=t~~f~g~JI\W-=trg1""[tfJB~ , ijg~1§{f:-=trg , 1m ~M~~'~\B"JfJ!$ , ~~@[*rPJ-=trg:R7f; !tm'[A~l~{il-;3-~ r :Rf!-¥Y:J W r 1§ {f:ililll J m@g~5t pfflj\§Ji¥J r :Rf!-~J ' ~f~g~JI\W-=trg1""[tfJ~ , !t:RITfipff)tUii¥J1=rmW,~<ElInID. r 'I~ ~*Ji!lli: J (*Ji!) i¥J p 1m !tf~,~\;f!1l~{il-;3-~ r 'I~ pfflj\§JB"J r '1~~3Z:ff J ' IlP g~g i1 -=trgi¥J'I~~3Z:f'ift)t gll ~fI:Il.B"JIm'I~ 0UPD : 0. 0. r. 0. a 't si-;r,t -t 1-1- ,~. Jf~~i¥JfJ!7t:~~-¥Y:; ~&!tW-=trg~~::f~B~ '·~~ffiij'{~~Jfi¥J~1J~:R~::f~~. 1E? a ~o.it A3 it.1~ a ;rUT ilHt ~1t!!. ' ffil 11 1t!!.;J4$'J ~tt ' 1t!!.;r,t1~~. ~. ~~.j(f. 0. 0. ~®g~JI\:RTIDLi¥J1JmWr1~-=trgJ;Jmg~JI\~1X1ift. ' tt:¥ffiij'{~-=ttfJiJRIIb{ift~Jt<~. ®I {t {J=l.$JfLg~JI\BP~1BH'if~~1~J ' ftL~Jlt ' tt~frW1&m:H~f!tljzp-=trgi¥J!ft1£ W-=trg1""[tfJ 0UPD : r ::t1f~ , }J~si-1,~x%ttf y ~~fr.J~-!--W: Al ~1UJ~1UJ ' :g;.f. Y i!%ttfa~xt,jf.ftJi.t~. Al fr.J~it. 1E?Jtx~i!it.-&'JJi~ Al 1~.j(ffr.Jtl-iJ (~ -A-AI-03I). A. 0. !. J ( P'i-A-A3 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 196. W r 1*f'if*Ji!lli: J ~f~g~1I &g~Ji5::fffiij'{~W-=trgfrI{t i¥J/JAW-=trg1""[tfJ 137UPD : 0.

(17) ll~ ,lUll ~i; :t. ~ ~ 1L tHit. ~ § aJl)'[;±~I¥J'ii~x~ ~ij~=F$:~*g~JB :g~{Jff'C,'J. '. (r fiEIJ J. ~C~§-B"J Z. 0. pff. {~). ~3. 0. :Z}P]i3t '. oRD ~~J:-.:tE*JTAOOiWt~.{tB ~fr!f. LJ:-Jj)flB;t.9>g~~. , {lHm~. ]~* Al m~*{tQ:tE=FPJij~1¥J. rlBl&.¥~~*®£JtJ:J7\ ' EJ r~*I¥J~lp§- I fF{tB:jlfJ3~·{~H ' :)t~~~~B"J~5!37+~{tBl¥J-=t: ,~I¥J~]f~. , lffl-=t:~X~-·~~. :iE (r ~J. ~). 0. 'r~. 1*. 1-'. -Fa 11:. IL\1JMI:B CJ)j) 11: ~. ~. ~. ~. 5'}. -. ~. !lie. IlJi. 5Z: M'. !fJi!. 3&. ill:. ..6-. 11 I:B. Rill. ~~-FaJt;. M~'Bff. pg~. C~). C'D. ~. ~. IL\ fflt ~. I=!. M ~. '1m 11c (~). lfflr{§ffm~J~m$.~~.m'{§fflffl~.)t-=t:~mAW~~.'l&lffl .~wm~.±~fPJ~~o~~:. ra~~ttk~~Al.~.aa'~.~.AA.a'M~*. •• :f1e1ft x 061 ' JijtitM Y061 ' :af!~1e-~l!AJJIAi{f.J061 (Z) l!Z06J~.'1e • • a«1e~~~z06J**{f.J.A~~M' • • a!i.~1~-fi y 061 ~ft-£1£ ' 111kaff,tk1tr:f1ei!Jt~aM J (T. J!=Fij~~)t~}]. 0. i~ Al ilH~Ii~HtBPffP)::t!HtBfr. X T -ffPll~P=F{~$ , l&'¥~~ (r 'f~ J Y). ~:Z}¥fff. $.J.t'±1fI¥J1LlfJpg~-.~. 0. 0. -C-AI-003 ) 2.'1W~~Hlf (m). ~~~~;f-=t:~lHWlB pJT1*ffll¥JlI. \j]{1tf:!J. (JiJ). W r'f~~'f')jtr'f~J. r'f*.-·~ (~)~~~,+ma~~a~-filli+~WW~4~f*.~ FI,.,.,'l'JC:li..lJ 1'JC P:JI/~fl'1Ol .::r..~,t;WI=IPf!iU}:El=1lif""'"",,/~.::r..§ I7f'Ff'l')<'YP:J FI,.,.,)C. mt. r 'f~~5zJ~ J W r {5IH~~JHliJ =JJ[ pJT~~B"J r'f~~3tf~ J' ~pg~~~~-=t:~I{'F'f~~:w~mB"J3tt~WlUljC,\fjN 1ft $~~;f'±~B"J'f~~3tt~~§-lB ' g~~~-=t:gl}]fi~W~m-=t:~B"J~~ , lffl*€rT~§ fPJIII¥JIUI'f! 19I1tlo : 0. ~:f%IC,\Wt~1':L-a1'f. 0. 0. rglIgl}]lB ' ij~~{§{3:-=t:1f ' •. 0. 3:1':L~1'fr~f!!!_~Jwr{§. !'l;~OOPJT~~l¥Ji=rmWIc,\IIOO ~.~fI.I¥J~1J~~~=FfPJ~. , l&.¥.~-=t:gl}]t&iW:J{tBjG~* ~:tE~i3t~!mfH:~-=t:~I¥J#*r5l ~t..#tAI ~1iiJ~1iiJ ' ~~ y ~'11l11 Al fll-!tf {f.J t! -T J (~ 0. ra~*tt~~~~.,~*.£-!tf~T~l'M~attA.k. A 111a~ltA3 k1m~:t:~JtA~A~Mtl'lJ,t{f.J*:f&' MfJ.~~I!tJ: atth •• ~1e,~~a~lta~*~6 • • • ~1e'1e •••• 1e.~ •• ,~tt.~*'1e« • • ~h •• *'~M1eI!tJ:-~~. 0. o. ~~itf. !. J (. P'j-A-A3-013). lffl r {;~~~JHLI J ~mg~~IJ{~W -=t:1f:tEIfFmmf*cp , -=t:1!J:tlli*fE~J! §-1¥J3(~'1t 1ftg~~=F.~W ±1f:tEI{'F J: 1'f~§-B"J~JHLIlIgl}]lB ' g~~PJ~g1*:tr)(9J[{J:)J~~-=t:~ B"J:1JA:W-=t:~lIgl}] 19I1tlo : 0. 0. 197.

(18) r~R*~~Al~~~~~'~.~~m~~~~~o*~~ .~ili~o~~.~~a~N~u'~~~~M~'~.S~'~~ 4.'1W~'litrtj( (~). .}~'.k~~.~.~.+o~~.~~~.~~o~~~~~ ;fl+kiR;f.1!~. r'iwM'i'i'ItrJ'i'j(J. , ~J.tt~~;fl+1~j:$ tf4. ft,(;t~ , ~~:iff 'ft~~*ll~~ 0. 'iw. ~o~k~*.~~.~sJ.to~~~~M~,~~~.~.~~oJ. 0. (~) B~P. ~®B~gW:tt-=t:g;:a~f. ;ft~ A~;jtJIIJJ~~Lt.£giJi. (T -C-AI-63.1). .. L ~ ~ ~Mt. '. j. ' PIT J:), ~ J:)' •. 1El.JI::~®B~g~IJJI::m~. r ~'J ~ 100 ~ 0J ~ ~. r~~.*.~A~~~~~~'ffl~.**~~~~~N~~. •• ~~~'~Al •• ~T**~~**-~~~~a'~.8*'. ~ l-A ~kq~. 't1l3.ifll ~ 8;. *~~.-~~hh**·~*'~~~~kk!~~~A1S~~'. 1fF~~~~~1l1ttft. ~1rH~100~~.g~At:t~3!.~~~-~. *1'. ? .iI} ;y,t k. 0. J. (-£--A-AI-21). ~. ffl J'J]. :iff -. 3.{,,1JMte (IJJ) r IG,1J11te J (I!J) I¥Ji7SMi ' -=t~JI::t~B~gJI::i!fMJt@j~-=t:g;~,i1:,G'1J :ttf2{iG'. *. ~. , ~ 9«. , ~ JJ~ l! ~. *~J.~t~*. 0. h'. '•. /j. 0. .~~~~rff~~~Jwr&~MteJ~OO$~o pfT~~B~. r 1::f~~c~ J '. ~t~~p$J~njD~-=t:g;t~~J1H3:f%B~~c~M:f\1£. 0. 19Utlo : r ~,%\j M .1tt+* '. r~*~~.~c~ff-T,~.~. •• ~~m~~~®,~~. If, • ,It '. , i~ it";r ! l'l611. ~N;fl";r. ~~*'~.~~~-*+_'&L~~~~.o~k-.*.'~. *. *~.~1'**~~~~.'.T~~.~~~T~~®~~.. ~~~. 1fF ' ~ • • 1fF ~. :iff1tN#)1'J~£h. J (. 0. ~~~. f -A-B-047). 0. <f .y. ~ *1,* ' 1i! !. "0. @r&~MteJ'JI::m$g~-=t:g;~ffl~*I¥JmRZ~'m~-=t~~M-=t:g;% g\Z~~&:9H3:~I¥JH*1£. 0. 19UtlOB~gWfM-=t:g;ftti~~®$'iw~PJI::'~ 5!I¥J&:9H1te. 0. 19Utlo :. rAl*•• ~~1!~~.-.A~~*'ffl~~~*.~~. 1~~JJ~~*4B~~ffTCP. • -& • ~H~ . t6};JY , 3!:iff ,,~.g~ r9 ~ A:t~. M~~B!t~ II!HH!& ? 1E!.. JJI¥UI¥JI2sI*~. ~3!k~~*'.~~~~:iff~.~'~.~T~.L~~OCo.T. ~* J. ~~k~~N~.'~k~~k. •• ~~.oa.~.~ffl~k.~. B!t~~~~~OC'.~.~~~-~M~~M~~*M'~.~A~. 198. ,. r rPof~mRiBJ ' (liEP) [7]JJ[ tJ ~ {liM 0.

(19) il0 )I iflJ~/J i:. if! ~ ][ til It JNag~7i-!-#. 0. -t-~,~. .r",a ' a~,t@]$ , a~. ~. 0. J. (T -B-AI-008). af:1-i-ai1. , 1t..tJ!.13 l' ts\: !l-t-litl a. , a.tJ!.~ -t- i th~1t. J. ~~,tll!~. a!1-i- niJ t5 ~flJ 1t.. 4.'rt~1lfrr'~ (~). 0. r 'fw*:g'f'If,J'~ J. , ±~~t~:g:~~W±rg1fmtJB'<f ' ~m~1t~f*I¥}c,\ 'fw :ffJti;:g:~~W~±rg1fmtJB'<fB"J/c,\'fwW'f'irJt~ , @H~1~:ff~jJB"J {JIltiO : r A2 -t-!l~. 0. C~). B"Jpg~. 0. 0. .7i~-!-*.1t.agJ..a~'.1t.agJ..a~f:~~~k~*~.agcaf:~1t.fiAk. JtiE.ag -!- ~~ ,t! ' ::(£~tj,§~fL~ t~i}-cp. fJlitzo :. 0. PIT,1:). ti[ ,1:)..1t.ag J..atifi f:1-i-i! ·~it,ijfiag. 113.~:ffJti;:g:~~fi!iJ~1!lr~f{1£~. , JF!tm '. 0. J. CP'j-A-A2-0I2). It.¥'flH~s''J'lw~W±rg1fmtJ. 0. ~ k ~ 'l't: 3t ~l1t N ag :i:F. r~i1.0~£~.#13-.'ak.~fj-~~1f-~MoJJi~a. niJ1K{ a B~ ,. ti[ ,1:). t)t k q~ 'f 1~ iWl ag B~111< l§ ~ , f: 1-i- ~ ~ ~ ~Jt ' ~~!t 1t1:E- ' flH+ ag 1t- ag:t~:t.tJ!. ~ il f~ ft 1+ ~ 1+ ? ~ ft:t~:t ft ' 1t- ag future ~ a!il1f- JJF. ~-!-"t Jf ~,. t. ! 19tJJi1f- Al. 0. @] ~ ~~ ,. 0. .?~*-.kt)t'~~.~~niJfi?~~a!~~~Sl,~ai!i1.. A-AI-2I). 1f-m~'1f-~~9h'~~.1f-9h~N?af:~~~ag&~~., 1f-JUI-'i'-~*-' -t-~ti[~-t~. rn~~±rg~Ii*{,\jJ. 0. 0. J. CT-C-AI-023-026). ~~/c,\ :ffJti;:g:~~~U~ffl~~~. 1:f~s"J~ci}-#;f\tJL. 0. , ~~'f:lWJF!jJW±rg1fmtJ fJlitzo : 0. fJlitzo : r~ •• th.~'~.!l~~N.~~'~*k-t-litlmA.~~. fj-ag -t ~ , .£ £ ! 1!!k -M:*-~ , -ko ~1t-~1 T ag -t ~~~F' ~1t-. • • f:~,*t*! •• l3-D&.~~ *-ag~f:°fi~!~1f-~ • • ~~,.-t-~~~~~~~*!ffl~.. N*~'~N.~'fi~!. 70. 0. CZ~. a-!-~t.ag*~'1t..t)t~&h~k,a.f:~.*'~-1fa.tJ!.~. 13 1t N~:t }iIJ ag & h ! ti[ kJJF~,t k ;f-1f- ·ti. ag. J (~-A-AI-O 11. ). ~ffifa. , OJtJ±mtJtfu.±rg;¥G. 'JJ>fwNP~m~S"J~5i-NtB. 0. 0. $.!t'±1f~]{~iT~I¥J~D1f~~. . ' PIT,1:). t)tJJF BH1< a 1r, .1t.a!~ a!1-i-l!li. ? 1!! ':t:t£J..1tWUYL *-1f tj\f ~ xt ag Jij ;t k ~ 1t. .agBH1<' ~-t-l§~tF 0. , ti1fJ"C1~t~~:5ti'JTtB'¥A:g:~~::(£3;DJt±rg~j~~fJ!pJT~ JJI¥lis"JIZ9*:ff [" r51:rf:f§-&1l1i'B J (1!~) J rm'tIOJ~J? J C'lw) J lMfl:l:t;ijMI}] J (1iJt) W r rgf.! ~* J (~P) [9JJ[ tJ ~{.I~~ lftUJfJ"C*65f1: ' Wt) 11i'Elrmti1fJ"CttljitZtzD~ : 1ffIDJ~ji*4B"J:5ti'JTCP. 0. 199.

(20) l.$.tij:.1f~~fimB9wi!. ' 1fP). ~Ii~m~cppJT~fJ!B"J. ',~M~Jt.fBm$tJ. m••Am~~m~mlli,£~~~.tttt~$g~.j:~m~ff~~j:~ IZSI*Z-. 0. l;E*m~:5ttfrB"J*a5i'!CP' ~J3t,~~1f.Ag~JMB"Jtilfrt)±~B9£l~lZSI*. 3;O.±~~~~~1j~. '. 0. ffiJ £llj£gjjg~if¥4~:5ttfr*a5i'!CP , m~~Jj\~fJW~gfr!'l;f±~7fj~*UIiTZlW ' § j'CfrPJ±~B"J r:lt:1r:lN~ oo.i?i!'lJ ±~Ji1jw+{ii IZSI Llt [I'l] f~W~± ~~ {l,g~JM ' 1aWJg~ gB"J1j~ , {f!.g~gfr3;O.tn~®1j~ZlW ' iii-mfr$j'CfN.:;tt.!;f±~fr '6'r:lfi1}oo. i?i J IZSI*L~7tJ.!l ' ::t!;f±~B"J1j~Ji1j3;O.*UIIT ° tlO5i'!g~Jm3;O.tU±~6'r:lfi1}oo. i?i~{.=E~ , ~U±~IUHl'$g , taWJg~gB"J1j~gtfr*3;O.~ I ~~{j' J ' '5JUi=fffl IL., J ' ffiJ7fj~~rt:oB93;O. ° {f!.t§ISZJiB ' &g~g3;O.tU±~i=fQi)t{.=E~6'r:l;fi1}oo.i?i~ , ~U g~JMfr!;f±~~~{l'$Jm ' 1aWJg~JMB"J1j~~:tt1Ert:oB93;O. ° LltJ:!PpJTg1!jB9 I~~ cP , 7fj~J} J 1ZSI~1j~x~i@:1~~J}fr~~ , &g~g3;O:i:¥U±~pg (i@:t~) J} (1j ~) /f-~ , g~JMtttt:frltIirt:o;f§{§j'CP):;tt.!'l;f±~ &:i=fB"J pgfrgZPll (J:!Pi@:1~WP1I) , 0. 0. I. *afM. tfrCP , m~~B'J1~¥U I ~'tl ~ T lIi~ltLlt-~J~ZJtt trfIl J IZSI * ~~:5tJ.!lLJ1jt;~ ~ IZSI * fr:5tJ.!lL tili=f~lf ~ 1'7 "~OJ*Jj! J ' '~'.1aWJ J W I ~ m~~~f~lli~~EB ' {;ir:t,Z (1) £ f'1t~" ff.J III! ,. =. Muchinsky (2000) ~;g1. ¥ {1In51}]R {-(gWg~grl3':fIflJ 1JolFr ' Jt~ , ~~frj~) J ~ W;W~r1g±~Wg~gfrm. ' {f!.~fr~3;O pMi1rB"JM''l:1a.!l}]' gt. , ff!~~g~ {'F11:Z rt:o ~~~1j~i¥J W5:E cP , !i}] J ~J~ ° OJ ~±~i¥JM'. 1j~) B"J-fI °. ~:ttt)t~~rt:o~~~ ° 3Z.tlD~~¥U Al ±~fr[l'l]$:ttW3a~ 'fri=f~p¥-~[I'l]$rC3'. {f!.~ Muchinsky 3Z.f~t±:. ~lt~±~l±\fJ!B"J1j~. 0. {§UtlOj7§'3'tgjj~gt~7f;:;tt. Al ±~911~~~1NHB"JI{'F~fJ!~fr. i@: Al. ~tlB"JfF1! '~~Tn~~J}-{lI[I'l]$l&' ~fu!'lJ Al. :I:~ta!i}]1j~. , ~M~[I'l]$~W3"w/f~~~I {'FB"JJi~ ° IZSILltN'3't~jj~911~OJt)3;O.¥U Al i¥JMI'l:1aWJW~'tIOJ*Jj! , {f!.~~i:lP fr~;g~ : I ~1T J:~ tta1l'1Jltt1t.1f- -~ ff.J i&~ tf ' Jj~1t.:t.ta1l'14tt* ' ur ka 11'1 ~~-t-!!. iL.' , MzffiiJt~~g~gw*~~fflll. ~1t.k~k.~.i&1t..a1l'1ff.J*,*~~1t.!!~*~~ff.J~.~.~.~oJ. ~~-mtlfil~*. B"J~IL.' ° {f!.'3't~~$l&i:lP~fJ!. ' Al. !'lJ[I'l]$~mmJL.'. ( 1985 '1'1 J ' , 'I:~ J ' I -m~ J ~JJ °. IZSlli:t±~!'[;. {i&}1!m~B"J'U:5t °. ( r<i -C-A 1-022 ) ffiJ~f~B"J*55i'!1EQJO'¥ff!~U~lsaA( 2000). I. :'g-i'-W/j\A: ~~~1j~i¥J~*"1::5t;ffr J. B"Jm~ ° ~U.B:;~;g~~f~i¥J*a5i'!m7f;~1E~~~AnaJ1jt;~~~1j~i¥J±~pglii*afM~. ' IZSIll:t!f,f5jUm~A~fI!;f:u:JGt~*afM~ I '1!-i'--/j\AJ pJTP)fr cp~Ai¥JIL.' § cp , fN.i@:1~f~H~pJTWjljUlli~:'g-i'- (Hi¥J±~) /lj\A (/fHB"J±~) !'lJ:U::5tJ.!l~r'i'bJii*i¥J~@[pglii*5fM ' &{-(g (frfu) frta'iJ1jt;±~i¥Jlj~8~ , ~flr'i'bJii ;;XB"J!'l;f:u:pglii*5;f'1UP/f § 1t:tiB&J!if1:lli* ' IZSIITri7fj~ '1EIffiff~ J W I ~1Hf1j~ J B"J1ZSI**5. ° ffiJ~fl6'pfi1}l~j'Ci¥J~ZP{lf~$ , -fuOJP)~aA~1tptcp~Afr@]1§:~~! !;f±~6'pfi1}B"J9;O:i:. 0. §~n~'3't~n~~~.i¥J~~ff~~~~'frlli~*fr~nm~cp~~i¥J£;fi1}. $.L ' 1:§'1;E-mtIfilWfi1 *ar~ , j}ffij~±~~g~gi¥J1I. ffiJ5:E ° tlO5i'!±~*i1g~gi¥Jjl 'l:ff!.*5;f'~1j~ {f!.tlO5i'!::i I}] J .g~g*11:ZffiJ1~ , ~1JLi: Li:t ' 1:§'ijg~~ I jH:l:taItiJ J t 0. LJ1jt;~~/fmB"J~mo ( 2). £ f'1t~" .. ~. ;d!, , £f'''~-flt~'' ~I. lZ9*o. 2.M1. ' RtIfII.. .w*~~fflli: ° ffiJ~.B:;. v.s. ~~:;tt.{-(g=f[QjlZSl*. 'IHH,rarm J ' 'IIIJtB;bWJ J W I ~:ElI.!~* J ' 9ll~1j£~IL.'~~i¥Jf~ffr\'ilcp , PJt)~I±\WLJ1jt;~nW.A 200. t~.p)ttm~pJT1~B"J*j. {f!.lli1§PJTjf''l:taWJ ° {f!.~1;.

(21) BY '. ~~YsI!i.a~fu~~gM~~. IOZ:. , tPY-i.gGS-Js*¥~£[~~r~8}. 0. [{l31tU~fIWYsll=fqt8}. '~~~!i~.~M~~¥~'tiy.~~~~,*~~~~~m~m.m. y ~mft:§fI$£Tm8i·~Yt '~~lif&. ·~~~.~~~~~-±~~~,~m.~~w~~~~~*~,~ ~~:~m.~~.~~~~~-±~~~,~~W~~W~~*~(Z). o~~GS.JM±~¥lU'$£T m:i!f~1 fuDM ' xjG:p.$ftP~l:fI= 'jol'!j1W J m 'lOni~(j ~ '[{l3%ffltlW J ~~a~:§: , ~:]l l:fI tifb1l)f1,fiti~o~.~g?tTi.tifb£{J3mltHi1lGS~~&!1~:]lnM ' l~HillLiJl:~~~g~ 'roo ~ J ~~~!Yl ' ~\1f¥~48]!ie;~[{l3mltHi1lGS.~g~W~~*O~8} tiYjol'~.iillt Hi1l~.~gM~~nM ' (~f1.r¥.41!) ~\1f¥4E(El!i[{l3mlfHiGS.~g~~~*M ~!Yl ( ~~D~) jol'!j1WGSM IGS~~.Nt~±~S2~ , [{l3%fflfNi1l~.~g!i~W~~~~~ , jol'!j1W 41!1I)JHi~*cii[{l3%f+ltl~;~.~g~W~~ , ~*~¥lU'GSjol'~m1l)Jj,fi~L§$ , TJi. o.gfiIGS~.JM!{4!f} EZ&jJ} , ~l:fI1I)JHi41!~oojol'!j1W~.~~DSfltHi1lGS~~gM~~~:]ll:fl ~l:fI1lJfj,fi~!I! 'frZ&jJ} , tifb[{l3m41!ltlt;~~~, .'Ul~~~~oI'~E" I;ff~ '1[!~fiJ' '~lfJ' ,~, ffiI J 41! 'fIWJftif J n~# ' tP~MGStifb~!i~f;iJLiJl:~jYM (~861 ) j1~!Yl :V~1ll~~~. ~g~~~~lfum ' ~fbGS[{l31t!-lfHi$£T~:]loo lfI61Gs:V~1ll~~~ .. ~g~~!f~~ , ''J ffiI ' ~n~: ' ~~GS§lf~g~f~~~!:'M~tifbTIJl,I,fiGS~~8iJl:lf'fr A}jSU!q:lnw ~BY oti~GS (tifb D:;ILiJl:MI~fMYslj1~41!) tifb.~.iiI ' tiY[{l3%ff41!lfHi~~~fi fu I;fr~ '[(l3 WMI J m '~mMI J J¥~2l~~~"JJ J~ltJ M# ' tP~M~tifb~!i~[9ILiJl:M 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. If~ (~86I) itSy~!Yl Hi~~~&!J~:]l. 0. ~fb~~jol'!j1WGSiII~M~~~~~~iiI. , ~~~n101'~lYsI. 0. '. ~fb[{l3%ff41!lt. ~MT*YffiI~~mn:lJl¥E'.~gm~~'@-:W~.llJlI:. ~iiI"WID' '[{l3%ff4:-~¥~.MoI'~~ ,[{l3~~~.~gJ ~ '(~n:tl'1~' ~tf,. MtDCj'. D~) ltH;4:-~W~~ ':fHf±¥~~g J ~lYsI *YffilGS5f~~mn:tJi~EtJ.~mmrlSlroo!..iUJ;lJm 0. ],l:}~ , ~mD:t~If*w£if.~~~f~tifb.!j1WGS~~~~. (oooz:). ~t~ Gafff±~ tP ci.ZH!!ft:§fiE' ~ fii~U:&;@]~ Y ~ tPiif +}~. '~fbOO~ J. m '~fU~E. jjiJ§JmJJ[f, LHli".rl.rr;t1'B::C ~~-,. :'jcn\53'_~Y''''~+:U. (~:£Ga±1f±). Y'fl / (~:=fi. E'Y'1Y:i 'Y'f/-±¥J ~i ~jf~ilI~~:=fGa~fb~tlli 0. , Y-i.g:VJ,$li&GS~fb~M~: y ,. 0. +lflr~t~YMYlr~W?t. ei~jW'JY~if..k' *l1t'Jy~. d~fj}1f~ID. ' \1f!miJ,ffilm@1t!. I~N~±~I,~GSm[gJ~lfi , !tB~. ~~.[gJ1J!!f~zf:-ffi!ii~. ~ , @ffl.lfN{ijGS4~WY:i IV fi t1~fj}1f~~8} , ~Wfff±¥MII , (!i}~~~WE1) !i}~~~GS.. fb) ~ (~Nf) ~~~fiSf~l%: ~g~ J GS~Y:i[/E1~:]l. 0. il(t1~[iI;ln. DM ' !tB5!-!j~1!{W~GS~}~"!i~:::{. &3!ifi£!; J ' , ''J'ffiI@ J ~iI(l%frj. A:>fsU!q:lnw. l.~~a~.~.~.w.~~m.~~w~~*~(l). 1!{~:¥~~~Di£~O~If~g*D~. ~:£Gs~fb~!i~~~iI(O¥!If~~. m '[{l31t!-lffli1l J ' 'i!ft'fuiJ,ffiI J fiSfifJ:dgj::ciim ' tPY-i. , ~J?8~Ii1§l[iI;l~~Y-1~WGSlfl. o l..D~8]~-Js*~~~~l~} , $IE±GS8iE!l±zjJ~ciiH'! ~~w} l.. ~1 ~~~~Y~2lf}fudEf-Jst;~~£[~DM ' '~~E!l±~ J m '[{l3mlfHi1l J ' 'i!ft'fuiJ, ffilJ ~2l~:Yf ' ~l:fI= '1I)JJ,fiJ' 'jt!j1WJ ~~~~BY .§M*~~!iw-=r~.gE'~~j'fM '1I)fJ,ii~(j m 'jol'~ J $~lj~~B} , &!1~~\'J'JJt~8iE!l±~$£T!~lrH~¥"m~oo= 'WI, fi J ,'.~ JGS8iE!li~Yslf.~li&*41ll!¥~l/l11~g:ciim, ~4'3;ifit~~:]l;!M~.Lti 0. 0. o~ooW~. '*~E!li~ J. 1!{~:¥Ibt:l J ~~~Jilf~nlf¥:ij ~g@1t!- ' .~g''J'lfij~*~ill1=i , 1ll!4':YIn$~~:I±~~MJ}.~~. .g~-Jst;~~~~BYo~~®~~~~~'~fiJm'.~JGS$~~tPciim~~. '¥tf~.

(22) ~:g~ Ji5 [§:jft± ~. IZ9 Jl:t '. trll!WIZ9m-±rg;1f;:,§tB"JFo5~W. Fo5~a~. , :g~Ji5Wr~£~~IZ9~ :U"2-8:M~J®.i[!M[§:jI¥JFo5~ ° {g rg;+:j:~1-tl1~ ~ aA~ ... ~1Z9 f~mRi[!~§H ' Wr~£~~±:g; mW+1§{-fB"J:1J~ , #~Jt~F **~ £±:g;I¥J#mW{6"{-f. r~*m.*.~'®A~~~ • • ~·~*.~~'~~k~. ••• M~~~~MMqo~~~.~~Aft~ ~ 1tMMq ~ , ft *- ~ k ~,t 1tt.1~ J.f 1ft k ° 1tt. ~ ffX. ~ 1tt. assign. ~Mq'B~.~~. 1tt. ' ~ ,;.JE ilJ -. ~.~'~k1tt.~~.~M*.M~~~.'~~.~.~. ilJ 1t If"~ °. J (. ••. ~~. 'f -C-B-025). {gt§&J~' :f:f1f9±rg;~PJ];)JJl!:1;!t:g:~Ji5iH~~HJt~iJ}], {gBOiH:P~*:g:~!15 ° 19Utm. •.. po;j~~~gtfJl!:¥n: r A3 FA e.1ft.~JI..~r*-'i.L.(:ifi1tifLt}.·tk. *.~~±.'. ~~*¥iHf---f. 0. 0. :. ®AA3 ~} •.~. k1ti~J~loa*~~ae. ••1tt..~l'a.1tt..~~*. J (~-C-A3-051-052). (3)~* • • ~~~~~~~.~~~-~'~k~-~ ~f~.;.&~'~*. •• •• ~~. {;t~JJ~~*41¥J7ttJTr:p ~. •• ~~~m~~~f'~k~-~ •• ~~~~~~. ~il~,fl~-~o. :f:f1f9±:g;PJ~g-@r±~:t~g{j\:g:~Ji5I¥J~¥15. -m@Jt~A~:j:~E. '. 1~:f:f,§tt~. 0. {g~. , jffi~I:g:~Ji5/f~g ~§t¥U±rg;:tEJtI{t~i'J~fj q=qj"J{JEjiWt1%.El}] 19U~ort§tIDJ~~~!Rl~ A2 ±:g; :tEg.PJ.~oo'PJ~mm~$Ji5~mg.,~~-m/f • • I¥J~$Ji5mE~al¥J ~m ' I{'F~:I:jt , K¥~$ {grt§tgJJ~BO-miH*" A2 ±rg;:tEI{tJ:-@:1~:f:f¥JfF r~jiA#::R:15t ' ptf];)~l:**i'!frfu$~B"J~NJtibbiJ}] t§&::tm ' :f:fJ1;~±:g;~g:tEI{tJ:~:g:~Ji5fJl!:1;!tg"fg"f~~B"Jt1%.El}]W~1Jj , {g~~~ $Ji5:tE'IW[~J:B"J~'I~EJX;~~t~EBOWr:f:fPff{*W 19Utmlfl~gJJ~~~ C ±:g;:tEI{t J:-@:iltli'['t1-tl1 ' ~B~tg.1-tl1~lf;ZiH~ffl~ {gEJX;~"f~IZ9~fEZJlt'l'13U/f~ , ±:g;. :tE~HJt~iJ}]¥!IJ:. '. '. ~nPJ~gMIZ9~~*,*W*~,IMl:/f*~EJX;jl~Jj/f)E 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ft1-tl1~:P:f:f~'llfflEJX;1EZJltl¥J ~ ~t~EJ:. 0. lZ9Jl:tjt1~~:1J3iB~::f:f:lf~P!'-~~fi!EIE. 0. flHJfWd:Wr{j\f:I~:tEMrzg J:B"Jtiffj'G:j:~ l±\. ?. ' A 1f"~m- ~ al¥J fflGJjJW~~31:11ttWr1$: l±\/f~B"JMI:kj ° [§:jft~L38"JfflGJj]~ , ~aWr{$:l±\pg:tEll!wkSl ' [§:j~~aB"J~~~ , ililWr{$:l±\)7i-:tEll!wkSl j~Ji[§:j~fflGJj]W~~Pff{$:l±\B"J7tIl:5Zll!wkSl8"JfJl~ , mz~ r j£& Jj].ffr~~~JJ! J (T ~ffr$ , *~t5i:W~*ffj(J§ , 1989) ° 0. 202. ~pg~:f:f r Ji.:~{6"~ J (~) (~) [9Jj. ];Xff~~Jl:t1itf. 0. 1.1f;:1itfj'GJ! LMX J!l!IDfir~ Liden W Maslyn ( 1998. ~1¥J±~pg~:f:fffi1~ (contr. :1J1¥J LMX JErt:ulilb. J5lp~~{:t~. , :g~. o. *~tiffj'G1§- tt~1f;:1itfj'G~. :1J{"1l±\ J (If]) rt:ugr , W Li, ;g , ~5ii~I1t{j\:1JJ:I¥J{"1 1l}i16"{-f J ' ~UW LMX f:lMlfq {6"{-fW5z:M' 19~1f;:tiffj'G5:: 0. Maslyn ~f:ljffi1~1¥J =Jjli~. 0. ptf];) , ~~J:~IDJ~Ji*41¥J:5HJT ' tiffj'G~~72,~~O~~~HJtibb.El}]Jl:t-rzg*13il::V: :U~*6f.WmHIfilZ)7i- ' rm~lIH'Iill?f.5E10{j<EJ.J:B"J5i::j:~ , MiJt¥6.?f.5E~~~J:I¥J5z: :j:~ , *6.?f.5E~I{'FJ:B"J~* ° j}[5!'fgtPJ];)~IDJ~~*4311~~frfl¥Jll!flH~j!W~N 3.::t1fJj$JIII¥J#mmff.m-±1fI¥J&b;f!,il.~f;§.. ,. Liden' Maslyn 5E~TI¥J r '~ ~ J tt~5ii~A~~:1J[§:j1¥J1JE -fIlf~~~t§1PJ. 0. ¥:u~1f;:U1. vF/ffjg:fj£ Liden W Maslyn ~ ~-Jj:g:~Ji5W ±rg;B"J1i~ p ~l'rm1~I¥J=Jjli~pg~9.

(23) ~ ,lIlt"'!;. f;s)llt '. &g~.j]jf-f±rg~j~fTm1~~~fE~tBJ!!~S"J#~EiJG{§{-HI~. ~Mf;s)~±rg*Jrl¥Jro~m!w~:1Jl¥JfUJ{*=*:9}1:EJJjH79 :!to*~~;t. .. 0. , JJ~Q,tk1~. ro~m!a=!f. 0. , $gf111. &g~JI§wlZ9~±rg*Jrs"J. , 7.K~~ , f-f~~~J! ... ~® • ~~pmJOO,iBJifOOl¥Jro~m! {El.~O*g~.~~~t*I¥J#;k1Jt§wlZ9)]~~:1JIm{*~lE§.ffif ' ± rg/frElftn& § eA~ ... ~IZ9*...ta=!f ' gt$JlI¥J~ 1i ' ~t*S"J§wlZ91JJ~tJ±rgB"J6b t!JOO,ilf~jlHN ' ~§?6m~±rg/f~'ri]01E ' :ff~L,[J' ' /ffff§-§~ ...... pJTtJ:::t1fftJ/f# ~W/fffiffl¥J1:fJ:t ' ~~~~F~1:E§ eAl¥JiTJU IZ9Lft ' g~JW1JJ~tJ~pt!JOO,fBB"J1Z§. ~ frr -1f ;t ilHIJ..\.#. i§:. ~,.tk. 0. z. if! W1L th"it. '. g~.1ff§?6~~lZ9m±rg*JrI¥J*i.~/f~ 0. 1t. yt JfX. ~1t. assign. ~/F -t*j~1~iJl! 1~~. 0. 0. **~.±rgl¥J#~W{"§{3:ro~~. b' {B.8P1Hy~*g~~ 01§Ut2o : itt § .. ,It ~ 1& A3 :t\. § .. ,It 0. 0. $.W±~I¥J1LIhj7g~. ~1t.titi§: T ' a~1t.tit~~* 1ft~JJ~~ftl¥J7ttJT'iJ. 1J!,{:~-;t"~~.I:mffBIJ. .,{:~ -;t ".~.I ~f:!~ $.. E3fXr~l!. ' 1~:ffJHJt: {El.~ ~~1.&PF~ , rm~$jIFFfff§ Jj(;§t~JJ~~iG!ME~ A2 ±rg /f~~S"J~Dg~.r~l!e eS"J 0. 2 ±rg1:EIff.t.-@:1~~¥JJ¥. Uff~~.~7tfJTtB¥Ag~JI~j±rgRI1JB~pJT1*fflI¥JR. r ~~1§~ J (~), r'fflfJ,W!fJillli J (*Jil) , r {J,1JfttB J (lfJ) W r 'fflf*~'f'frJ'r:R J (~) [9:r:.w tXf{m~~lf:tUffn*5* ' WtJl1fElfUJUffJi:tt~~oT : L<$:UffJi:W LMX l!I[ffifQfJf&L$.W±~ - OOR~[7gjgl¥J ttiji5t Liden W Maslyn ( 1998) Jilff1I!. LMX fElImI¥J3tJitJ:!§tB ' ±~Wg~.1£Zlf:tRI1JX ~1¥J±~[7gillE~~~ (contribution) , ,~,~ (loyalty) W'fflfJ,W (affect) ==-:r:j &~ 1:f1¥J LMX 6b1ffX{~a=!f ' g~.W±rg~1:f1ffftlf:t==-lIN±~X~[7gillE...t ' ~~g,1¥J 1E rPJ R!Ilj] *~tiJfJc1'§" ttfX*UffJi:W Liden W Maslyn ...tm!=:@[7gillEi& ' ~f5!*UffJi:B"J r, G, 1JfttBJ (lfJ) rPJN ' W Liden W Maslyn 5E~TI¥J r~~J m;~fEl{i;Z =1'§"Z[7g ~,:ES]7€tl§mJIfFJG'1J...tI¥J{itBW~~ rm*tiJfJi:'iJ1¥J r~~{§~ (r~J) 'iJ1¥J r~ 1\I{"§{3: J ' ~IJW LMX f1I!.~'iJm»B"J r ,~,~ J tEI{i;Z , IEIm=1'§":ES]7€tl§mJ$.~j±~S"J {§{3:W5i:f~ {El.~*UffJ'E7tfJTrm1~ r ~ J 'iJB"7 r ~W-¥1I: J ' ~1J/f~§1ft Liden W Maslyn ~f1I!.rm1~1¥J==-:r:jR~[7g~'iJ~¥U ~~*tiJfJi:1¥J r 'fflfJ,W~lli J (!fJil) , ~UW Liden' Maslyn 5E~TB"7 r 'f~~ J ;ffl!{~fXmfEl{J:J {El.~ Liden' Maslyn 5E~TI¥J r'fflf ~ J tt~~§mJA~~1:f1IDB"Jn&ij f ' IZ9lf:tW*UffJi: r 'fflf~*Jillli J 'iJ1¥J r {;~J~~Jillli J 1ft -m;~t~mfElIPJ ~)]~*liffJ'CCP r 'fflf~ii!lliJ B"J5j-@;f~>G,;ffl!{~-- r 'fflf~5i:f~ J ' 1F1~~§1j£ Liden WMaslyn ~fmfffi1~1¥J==-:r:jR~pgillE'iJ~¥U rm*tiJfj'G7tfJTrm1~B"J 5j-:r:j$.W±~I¥JRI1J[7gillE-J 'fflf~'fmrf* J (~), illz1~:ff-2rm1:E Liden W Maslyn ~f.!tl.fffif~1¥J - :r:jR~[7gillE'iJ l1J[7gillE~. 0. 0. 0. 0. ~1¥JiJ5bWJWJi1Jffi ' ig~f-f)]~ ~ ~IDJ~~7G. '. c ±~tt:I fF. l.H;SJ~1£Zilt'fj:53U/ffl'lJ ~~~jjf)~-m~Jf§.. ' ±rg 0. 0. 0. ~#~JH .iJ5bWJ ilt-. f;s) *jj/J.'z: fff.*6tMJ!!. 5E~tm1lf ...t1¥J5i: t~f~fXHI¥J§wiJ@i[5ilJ§~~. 0. 0. Ii ?. ~. 3el¥JnJGJ)]W~!&tt1.t~{i& ~IZ§ , OO~j!3 el¥J~!&ffif ' !I)Z:§wIZ§I¥JJ~~ , mZ~ r ~. 0. 0. 0. 0. 203.

(24) 2.*if~~~~~~~tpm:&$.OOJJ:1:~~~1i~Z&JJ!l¥Jtt~ ~7~Wf*iF~:5ttFfrmi~l¥] r~J'. r*Ji!J' rllJ J ' r~J [J]@R!liJpg~ , XE~ PJJ;JM~g~gOOl*t~~;r:t~J[~B'9&:ff! (~IHstl ' J~HHW~~JL ' 2000) , IZ9rttiF ~1!f~ = @iF~B'9*5* ' J;J~ 7 ~JJ! ' MzWf~9D--r : 1t£~ 4 $ , ~11~PJJ;J~l±\g~gl*i;flWG~J[~B'9 rfID(~1I~1t£J' ~f~g~gft r~J' ~JL~~~~~l¥]~;r:tWZR!liJ°mlZ9~fID(~~~l¥];fIWG'm~ftrIlJJ$rtt. :YE~2il J rtt~{A~f~L. ' litJ;J~~lE~l¥]~JJ! ' ~~~~l¥]~~ijj' fF.W~~ r IIJ J Ll¥] rmiJi-fil±\ J g~:5t ' 5lIJ~JfHii~1J 1Z9~$gPJijglitf,*f,f~~~ fiiJi:m:9}l¥]{il±\ ' 1Z9~~:f*PJJ;J~~~~~~ijj , fF.W~~ ; {E!.~$gmPJijgR~ ~7~~:1:~l¥]~~ijj , fF.W~~ , lZ9ll:t&j!~Eta~~miJi-{,\1.J{1I±\B'9IfFB~ , &: rmlitlZ9~ r &:lEiltB*~~~~{fJ;5({~l¥]I{'F{I&H ({£r9J!fc!il)' ?JTJ;J{fJ;::fijglZ9~~ i~~~{il±\;I}JWf-{,\1.Jrm.'I'£~J B'9{,<EI ' rmft~~:m:9HtI±\B'9I{'FL ' tt~~)E ::flW:@G!liJf~~{l£ {EiXEftI{'F'IWMfL ' *g~:5tB'9g~JI5ff!~~XEtBrt~~JtlGt~;r~'I~l¥] 0. ¥':/j~. 0. tt : r + J. {~JRfi~JIlfr1iiJJP'JMii¥J. r - J {~~ff~JI\fr1iiJJ l7-Ji0is";. r ?. J {~~lmJl\frkiJJ. ,~,~*~1~lfa. P'JiQ'ii¥J. 0. 0. {,\'IWW~~R!IiJ. 0. rmg~JI5l*iC~~J[~B'9 r ~}~tlll¥~J' 5lalit~~~JI5:jjfJjjft r ~ J' r *Ji!J J. IIJ J J. [J]~OO. ~J. ' ~WJ;Jttt)tlE~B'9lt~NW~~R!IiJ ' t::,z¥~~~D~z}€IJM:I:~z'IW 55:9} , g~JIHt-t~~1!i=r~J[~B'9~1J[PJ~5I:1ft ' ~~~~g~gft r ~ J ' r *Ji! J ' r IIJ J 0. L~~~~lE~l¥]aNW~~R!liJ°mXEftr~J~N$l¥]r~R-~J$:5t, 5lUPJijglitlZ9~*ff±~1¥J1!1=r. '. litt)tY~~llIApg,c,\::f[PJl¥]~1ftW~J~J!1±\. 0. {E!.1t£~ 4. l¥]:5ttJT$ , ilt11~m~JJ!&±~B'9~~;r:t~j~~;r:t*~~ , ~11~~JJ! ~j~1!fm~gBg~fID(:N ' *~W*ff;flWGB'9*5* ' fgf1f~~BgW±~l¥]IZ9ff!{'F ~L~~Rm~~l¥]m1ftl±\~o@~'$gf,f~~;fIWGl¥]fID(~'~~$gftm~. ~llil¥]~NLW~~~~-~l¥]~.,[PJ~m~JtlGm~.l¥]mMf.1.JW~~R. !IiJ. 0. {E!.~g~Jill*j~~fl,~B'9~}~tW*ff. l¥]~e.. '. [PJB~t::,zlE~l¥]'IW*'tiW~~R!IiJ. 1Z9~fID(~~~l¥];fIWG {t(~W*ff. '. ~~;r:t~J[~~. '. nIHiXW{:!j'1J~~e.. rmxf,*W±~tLlli~eMIE. 0. , ~~J}13m r ret~3Zjs J. '. BP3ZJJg~JI5ft'IW~*Ji!llil¥]~NL~~lli. 0. IZ9rtt&g~JI500l*tj**~;r:t~J[~~. '. J;Jffi:~~. , -51U. ; {E!.XExwlZ9~f,f±~fIWGl¥] :@G§"fgt~~:f*l¥]tL:Jt ' ~~U"g~gftOOf,f l¥]pg,c,'~R~. 0. £~l¥]liff~~~. 0. -~rm §. B'9,~~Ili!;{t. , -[l[XE.A*Jl*ijH=r~Uff~$-llI?Fm , gBJljJiS',~l¥]f-t~PJ :5tit<l*ji} P],~,~JiX ' f,f~[;f,,~,~,~ ,. l*j±~,'j~.:,~Wf,f § cl¥]**,~,~[J]m,~,~*~~. (***1i ' 1997). 0. E!3:/j~*liff~m1l8". l¥]±.~$g~~~~:5t.WR!IiJ'lZ9rtt*~m~l¥]~~'XE.gt$.f,f±~l¥]. 204. K*il7> ft IL'~'LJI~1t£Mz~1J [PJ:/j~¥-f IE ~li~AJ;J i=r~~JJ! ' li~jI ~~$.l*j~~l¥]R!IiJ ' IZ:; ~B~OO~~±~. 0. *~. (1992). -.J;) 1=r~*5*B'9iF~$ , :5ttfTi± ;fjj J ' r Wi} p]-a J ' r:fi5.E I±\g~JI5f-t±~,~,~ , ~f3f1 :5t~ J rm Liden W Maslyn ~B'9R!liJff1r/~~HB~ , g~JI 'g B'9?r§!IiJW111A¥-fjf lZ9ll:t $ , PJJ;J:wI±\$Jljf,f~~~ 0. 0. ±~3({iB'9{1::YE. (2) ~!IiJ;. 0. $JM~tt:m:9HiI±\IL'1.J !liJrHllc,\~~lli1£. 3.*if~W.A$JIIJJ:1:~ZJ~~l¥Jtt~. r ~fij~;J$ , 7Ermi&B J. ~*'C~ (1996). lZ9ll:t '. '. '. ~. 5Z:~~~. 1t£L~g~gl*t±. ~JfJwr±!liJfI;fjj,~± f,f~~::f{1iPJt::,z{I&¥U. r {£~. {1: ; =51U${~~g~.ttrHIlc,.

(25) ~Ol. ~[gj , ('iJ,fftlWJ~,I, J) ~2M~~:~~;:f~$ , &;:f~:f:?f ' ''JlfftlJ#\-.~~n~~-J:JtDgr= ! :.H ~~-Il)~~ ,'m-f'-HtI~J 1J1;:ffj&tMJ~[gj , '~2~~lfy J D~4!i'}t:1llijiH::&;:ff~ dEI:Jt ' 'm-f'-}c,c''J' J D~4!i'}aij.~iB~~-Jngr- '~2M~~&;:f~ , ~i4fti;:f J m ,~~ !t?1~J ~~&;:ffjl(~gm~n.fu ' tPY*~~fb~J'£I~&;:ffjl(~g'WfT~ , ~:jTEfl o *~m¥~M ' ~§¥~~1J1;:fw?f ' t5{ifs1J1;:f''J'fftlfti , c,c''Jlm-f'-HflreJ#\-~.~g. ~:®;:ff~.W~W~ , ~~ f-~~¥±£Il~~UEj=l (L661 ' , ~J'¥;Jm~fj , ~J'£I[g0f 0. ~~fW-tPci,Z±£Il~Y.13r'. ;:f~~~E[gj ! ~t;J4Drt~fb~~~MI$3"HID~mwEilJn~. , ~rfY~-f'-y~&;:f4li~c,c-€i~: #,~~~&;:f~' 4li~c,c-€iJ#\-.~gdEI. : ¥~!tP£~. ~i4fti~ (Z) 56i:'H~~-f'-y~&;:f 0. (I) : !i3U~~fb~J'£I~&;:ffj~~gm~t:1.fu. ' tP. MOO31:.WY.~. , ifm~. ~~Jf&;:ff~~Efl.!Jfr~E m;?;iJli~T~fr;J~m§!wJ~J3;. ;:f~:f:?ffMJ0JiJ-.~gdEI-~fb~~~J'£Im1f1~&;:fMJiJ-:Jt.~ , ~:flj~ll.t1JftiIi~~& ;:f m.~g~ , m~H:JtJ'J4~~fftlElt- XWI ml~ (8661 ) UAIsuW m U;)pn .fill ,~~ &;:f;!j J ' '~i4MI J ' ,~¥ § MI~~*~&;:f4li~ J .!J3Ufi} , ~J'£I&;:fM.~gm ~:f:ngr~±£Il~~ (9661) w2*~f!lI ~ft~ '~H;11IlJ m '~IkJ' 'R-[g0mJ"~ i4fti;:f J ' ,!tt}!~~~ J m1f1~J#\- ' ~J'£I~~&;:ff~.~gmY*~ , tP~±£Il~~*~~ft m~M.~,.&t~~~~J'£I.~~~~~~±£Il~.n.-(U61) • • o&;:f~MOO.~g ~dEI~~:f: '~M~* J ~~Sf,~Y9' tP .~~J'£I Mw2*~~Efl ' ftiIi~:®;:ffj.5Jg~~ ;:f~f-~~~±£Il~~UEj=l , ~n:k¥iI"mIi¥§L;':~M~D~~~';' , 1fl~~fbt:1~~';'~ J~~:jTM ' ~:f:?fm~g8~~~Y9'~}~J#\-~f~~~JEl* ' ~f~~~i~[gjt}!~*~bM1I1Tml''JI31: , ~J:fl~*~jfI~~:f:~~J'£I J ~m~, .~~~J'£IfftI!iL~*¥ (9661) w2*~ o~f-~*~J'¥;. ng- , ~iftf~~~~*H~g. ~Y'~J'£IJ~~~~~&;:ffj~~fftI~'WfT~~'~Mo.tiYWmfti~~&. 0. 0. *. 0. 2, fIIR~:fmgii~1i4l,lr';'J~llJi~af1fu#. ". +. ¥l lIJ,. l* jj.. + +. !i;J3lllJi~af1fu. fIIR~:fit:rlijj~1if;,l;lO;J~~W. o. ~. ~. i.f. m :!I. tJ. m -PJ-. + + -. + + +. ". '. fIIR~:f1t:Uifi~1i4e!i;J~W. o. It. !$. l:::l. v. + +. ' TEEif40Ji~f'.dfllR3t~lJl;n\-"~} I 2, J ' :rEElr4SI]1?f'.dfllR3t~\I!jj'¥=~} I - J ' :rEE~f;,I;I!]1f,f'.dfllg3tllf~!jj'¥=~} '+ J : E-. +. + + -. -. ~~rm~. t'df~~~~. a. Ii:®;:f m c,c WI ~~l, ~~ IP1Pi1 WJ~I,31:.W~}JiJ-. '. M4!iI:~~. Miif£fl~~&;:fm.~g~.!Jzf ~¥ibJY~ o. , ~E~~~~iftf~. m~§~m¥~~~[gj. , ~~g. 1:@:_m:~J ~tPa. '41 J ' '§! J ' '~J 31:iIIW o~1,L;':~.m~L;':~D¥ '~J J. 41 r'§!r' ~J31:!f. ~1;j,lIiIln2fff:i=&:f:[ijf~~~iif. ~.;?;iJIi':i~ , TMI~~m-f'-HtI ~~£fIaij~lI}}t:1Y9' ' (0-21H1~. !'J ' ~EMI~~m-f'-}C?\'J'it/lre ~t:fa!)'.fum.W~8}. : ~w;. -~&;:fM§¥J#\-aij.fu.W~. ~1IIj{~. lSS£. -. W It. ¥. ~. m:!l~jj.. WH1lIIMJl!it. -. ~. ~. ~ ~ jj.. ~. m-PJ-C?''J'. o~W;m~:Y , ID~~~&;:f :;Ey J tP '41 J 31:t:1Y9' ' ~Jf~~ , '~J 31:~~g~}JiJ- ' I ~M1II~ ±£Il~:jTEfl ' (OOOl ' 7T'g::¥-'/.f{ ~-gr:jj1*m-R, ~~ftiIi@y6iJ '~J '. rl£~~. ~~. .~?Illl:lt. ;?;iJIi~QI;IiJ(NL;':~~l.

(26) Jj\Jji~w::t~. 53)1} , ~~JIHt1::t~B~,~,~~ , Jj\{~~~~JmlW~~fj::t~{~ ¥U I ~~ffin J cpi¥J r ~1\11{§{1: J ~!l~g~JIe/f{*I1Jt~ffi{1:±:~ , (PJlR¥N!IJjjfjJJIfijf ~'g 19'€f~Jm!i¥j~~i¥J,'iS',~/f-JE1~~a~Jm~i::t~B~1L!I}]l'J§{Ii£¥U I ~~-3&J E§ ~, lf~g~~:tEfj:::t~~,'iS',~F0m~T' ~/[)1lJ±:~~r!fl~~tH~p1lJ±:~1 /f~,'iS', J ' E§Jlt&fffi~~~JlFl~~~~j7g/~\~IEs"JyJt$~~~ Ift)1} , ~~Jlfj::tt;i¥J,~,~ , m /f~-JE{~~~~JI-5E1f~~IErt:oi¥J'lw~W ::tt;B:!I}] E§m1'f~$llm T ~7Gfj::t I. {:!fH~*JHfl:J. 0. v. 0. 0. 0. ~i¥J~~'&fffi*.~m~~.~art:oi¥Jm~o. Jlt" it. JtIJ. ( 2). 0. ~~~fl'~Jljtl1::t~s"J~~ gpfi1~~~. , ~~::t:g"9-G{ilJ 11§W~:@t~~~fffim!~ . ~ m~flicp pfil~!J~l¥W&JfJtiffl: E§J1:t ' ~::t~S"J'~J 11: :f:':ll'J§1If~$JljtJ I ~~ J . '*5;\ ~~~, ::tt;S"J'~J[J' OJ11lgi 1*:fi:f~lli. 0. fffi::t~*€tTi¥J. I. ~. ifJ~o. $Jlw::t~i¥J1LifJ$~U (~P~~JltzD{6J~fflB:ifJj7g~W::tt;B:ifJ). , OJ tJ~mG~ m$~UW*ffi~~$~U={~~~~ma}j ltcp , ~m1!~U1~~$JIU1::tt;1LifJ~ , $11 tl1::tt;fl][~1'JmB"J~m~D1t ' tl1~~IlW::t~B"J~m1L!I!}]i¥J~fI ; fffi*ffi~~$§lU:l.Ek1~ ~~.tl1::t~fl][~1'Jm~rt:o~~fJ!B"J~D1t ' tl1g~JlW::t~1LifJB~~fI 0. 0. l.~.~JlU (1). JtAit.JlIJ. i¥J~~JJ1lf (~~JI). ' gt~fJ!*~1'f 2/3 f~tB§c1!1*~mT¥~1§:::tt;i¥J~fljW~Wmr~1JD~jJI{'F OJ 0. , ¥~i¥JfJ!~i¥JU1f~ft~ff:tE~ AM1~cp. 0. ~*m~.~i¥J~~~*cp,Jj\OJ~~tB$.W::tt;i¥J1LIfJi¥Je~1'fm~. , *tJitl:~~ *·:tEm~~§~~M::tt;°fffi~~iW1lf~7G~~B::tt;~-M~m• • ~'~ mx~:t:~~ml~~.i¥J::tt;~ , PJTtJ ~::t~lID1l1:®R=Fi¥J#7\15G~ , gGJIltl11*1£!l=F'7§i I. ¥~J i¥J~1:t. 0. {9UtzDZ~iW1lf~7G§clIDfjtl1{iQ~flj1'f1JDi¥J::tt;~. .'~~~~i¥J~*.~,m~Jji.~~.=F~~o {/:l.tt~1'f~i¥J:l.Ek. ti1fA*. I. {9utzDT~iW1lfrt4JUIfflMl~~ f~::t~ll9m~l§*&+fi:I.l. • fJ!r!1. 'Iw) , PJT~WAI1LifJi¥J1fAi tJ!.~ i'§&Ji:!! ' rt~iW1lfrt4JU~ 1JOJ:'i:1~::t~~*f'&~ , fm 1 0. ~U~t.S}j (1996) -JjtJ~~1¥AIErt:o'IW,~¥~~m{'F1!B"JmJi:. ~. (3) Jlt&it.Jt~. '. ~~~Jlnmtl1s~~~1~Jf&:~~i¥J::tt;B~. §¥~J ~f~B"J::t~. , gGJlJi:jt~f*l&{6J. , ~tYf.&m~::tt;fj ~tYi¥J~ , ~~fjHi~ , ~~ffjffl~*n.:!tftM~IQ]$ OOfji§:f:B~'lw15G ' $)jfJ1 1f~7G § c~~f.&\~~Ift::tt;m1;tt~f~i¥J.-E1' Wf~\Hi!(*i-tPtY~fJ! ' {E3.:l.Ek~tYmt.&m~ lIDfjB"J~~fli¥J::tt; E§Ift~~U~pJTmI~tti¥J¥~ , PS~~JJ1lfff!~*~JJI{'FtJ ¥~:@=::tt;B"J~O~~}~t {§'~:fr'lw~t1B"J¥~_t ' Ift~~JlI¥J&ff!OJ11§*tt~1'fPJT1*1¥i I2SJIlt~::t~tiXWJl:tgGJm1'f~~'lwl®'I1:i¥JY::1J1E~ , J1:tgGJmwtJ11Ig~gt~ • l'J1g'7JJ:f{jgt I. ~1~Jf&:~~ J i¥J::tt;B~ 0. 0. 0. fJ(mi¥Jm;@t~~E§ff!. ~~JJ1lf*:!itB"J.~~mG~. ,1 :!t~cptBfJ!J -®F",'~ , tfjtt i'§1l1:ti:!! ' g~JljW::t~Jj\:5J<@n~ !l1Ji¥J1fA~1~~~ . ::tifJ • mi t;1LifJs"J ~~BP~tJ!.~i?;PT ' PJTtJ~_tmt={9UCP , iX;11 1'f~i¥J~ , JrrJmtgGJlW::tt;!1 it ' :::t*~~fJJJji.m::t~ rt~~JJ1lfW Al ::t~~Fs18"J~. 0. {9utzDPS~~JJ1lf:tElt1IDtl1 Al ~~. rt4JUlfflftE1WIft::t~S~1LifJ1f1t1~. 0. -JJ*rU~*Ii:g~YJ!~.Jfl1. mt={9U:tE1LifJi@f¥cp i¥J&l~ , f:J1U:BB~f~~f][illfa (gain-loss tl. ~~IErt:o¥uart:o. ' ~-f!l.1J ~OJ,,&}~ta~ , tJ ~](~ti1 1UI1*:l.Ek~art:o¥UIErt:o ' ~-fj m~lt§JM~1&*W Al ::t~. 0. 206.