戰前台灣知識份子閱讀私史　以台灣日語作家為中心

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(1)ȮѯᢋНᏱᏱൣȯಒΫϳ෉ 2010 Ԓ 6 У ॳ 33-52. ᏾ࠊѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφᎨ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭ* пѯᢋСᇮձঢ়࣐ϜЗ еඐࣣ ߡἼᛤⓧञણ‫ש‬ᢕᄽણᶇἄ໽Հ᫧ᄞ࿙ʳ. ʑᄽၪ⣬ʳ С‫ݾ‬ਣ෉෦Җӵѯᢋۧґя౫‫ܛ‬ᒞᎨ᠟ȶτಁȷ Ȃ᠟޲໣ԇԥ࠳໑ȃ໧઼๊ ‫ޠ‬ٙӌৰ౵ୱᚡȂӱԫҐН஡ଇ፤ᄈຬ೪ۢпСᇮձঢ়࣐л‫ޤޠ‬ᜌӌφȂၑშ ਸ౪уউ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟စᡜȂ௄‫ޑ‬፵НϾቺ८௥ଇуউ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟؆ਠᇅ࿌ਣСҐϲӵ‫ޠ‬ я‫ޏ‬НϾ౱ཿ‫ޠ‬ᜱ߾Ȃ֊СҐ୾ϲ࣐੒၍ਫᝳҢ౱ႇ഼‫ޠ‬ᔇΩȂя‫ޏ‬ཿ޲Ԅե ᙥҦਫᝳ೰፳‫ޠ‬ᆔၿȂ஡ࡕ୾‫ޤޠ‬ᜌᡞ‫ق‬་᎜‫ژ‬෦ҖӵȂՅ෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌߨԒέ ԄեআΩ‫ٻ‬ΩȂᙥҦτ໕Ꭸ᠟ᑗತՍϐ‫ޠ‬НϾၦҐȂ࡛ᄻ឵ܼ෦Җӵ‫ޤޠ‬ᜌᡞ ‫ق‬Ȃ৥໡ҐρНϾ፤ख़Ȅ ҐНॷӒ஡௥ଇ෦Җӵۡл୾‫ޠ‬я‫࠯ޏ‬ᄙȂԄࢎ‫ߒڸ‬Ԓȶ༬Ґȷ Ȟ߃ࠎ߸ࠎȟ ᇅН৳Ґ‫ޠ‬ណҐτ໕я‫ޏ‬Ȃ‫ٻ‬ூࢎ‫ޤڸ‬ᜌӌφϛ҇Ԅ݃‫ޤݾ‬ᜌӌφૢ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟঩ НਫР૗ᕖ‫ޤུڦ‬ȂՅ࢑ഇႇណҐ‫ޣ‬௦ٟഁኅ‫ހ‬ಘ఼ӵਗ਼ᘹዊजНϾȄՅ೼ኻ ‫ޑޠ‬፵ၦྜ‫ف‬ഥණ‫ٽ‬෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφࡪኻ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟Ѡ૗ȉᓎ຀ࡕ୾‫ޏ‬შ‫ޠ‬ᘘ஼‫ڸ‬ Сᇮ‫ޠ‬඾ІȂѯᢋ‫ޠ‬᠟ਫҀൠԚ࣐СҐϲӵਫ୧᎜୶ႇ෉ᚖᇭ‫ڸ‬ΡКਫ‫ޠ‬२् ҀൠϟΚȂӱ‫ޑ‬፵‫ܓ‬НϾၦྜ‫ࢻޠ‬೾Ȃණ‫ٽ‬Π෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφࡪኻ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟НҐȉ уউέԄե‫ڦ‬ூ೼‫ٳ‬ၦྜԥਞӵᙾϾᑗತঐ΢‫ޠ‬НϾၦҐȂпձ࣐෦Җӵ౫х. *. 2009 Ԓ 9 У 25 С‫ٿ‬ጉȇ2009 Ԓ 12 У 17 Сቸࢦ೾ႇȇ2010 Ԓ 3 У 15 СঔॐጉԞӈȄ.

(2) 34! ȮѯᢋНᏱᏱൣȯಒΫϳ෉. Ͼ‫ޤޠ‬ᜌஆᙄȄ‫ڐ‬ԪȂ์޲஡пС‫ݾ‬ਣхѯᢋձঢ়‫ޠ‬ᙡਫᇅঐ΢Сଅ࣐ः‫ف‬ၦ ਠȂᇴ݃᏾ࠊѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφѠ૗‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟ϲৡȂᚅఽуউԄեഇႇСណҐ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟ ࡛ᄻঐ΢‫ޤޠ‬ᜌᡞ‫ق‬ȄഷࡤȂ஡௥ଇܼ᏾ਣȶМ٦ȷࣻᜱਫᝳя‫ޏ‬ዦዙϜȂу উέໍ՘ࡪኻ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟п࡛ᄻ‫ڐ‬ȶМ٦ȷࣻᜱ‫ޤ‬ᜌȉп෉ϼ୛я᏾ࠊ෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌ ӌφ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭȄʳ. 〦⼫⥱Ř〇⩊Ȯ᧎⫨ᄽջȮ≒⨿Ȯᄄ⴨. ʳ ! ʳ.

(3) ᏾ࠊѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφᎨ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭ! пѯᢋСᇮձঢ়࣐ϜЗ! 35. The privateōself ņẜ wadasiŇ reading history of Taiwan Intellectuals under Japan rule: Focusing on Taiwan Japanese Writers Wang, Hui-Chen Asssistant Professor, Graduate Institute of Taiwanese Literature, National TsingHua University. Abstract The reading “public” during the Japanese colonization period hadn’t disappeared in Taiwan, there were identical differences such as urban and rural, and classes, etc. among the readers.! This essay will discuss about the Taiwan Japanese writers, trying to card their reading experiences, to probe into the relationship between their reading material and contemporary Japan mainland publication industry, that is, to mitigate the pressure of overproduction of books in Japan mainland, the publication industry dumped the knowledge institution of the Japan empire to the colony through the trafficking pipeline of books.! The essay will also discuss about how the young intellectuals of colony traded on its strength accumulating their own cultural capital.

(4) 36! ȮѯᢋНᏱᏱൣȯಒΫϳ෉. through considerable reading, thus to build the knowledge system belonging to the colony, and to expand the discourse of local culture. This essay will firstly investigate the publication forms of the colonial sovereign, such as the great amount of publication of translation of the “enhon”Ȟ༬ Ґ-ᤀ᥋ᤵ᥋ȟand pocketbooks in the early years of ShowaȞࢎ‫ڸ‬ȟera, which made the Showa intellectuals dabble at the European and American cultures directly and rapidly, and this was different from the MeijiȞ ݃‫ݾ‬ȟintellectual who could get new knowledge only through reading the original texts. After all, what reading possibilities did this material resource provide for the colony intellectuals?! With the expansion of empire territory and the widespread of Japanese language, the Taiwan reading market became one of the important markets to which the bookmen in Japan mainland sold overdue magazines and secondhand books.! What kinds of reading texts did the colonial intellectuals get through the circulation of material culture resource?! Furthermore, how did they transform these resources into individual cultural capital, which were to be the knowledge basis for modernization of the colony?! Secondly, the book collections and dairies of the Taiwan writers during Japan governance period will be my research material.! I will illustrate the possible reading content of Taiwan intellectuals, and explain how they built individual knowledge system through reading the Japanese translation. Finally, I will discuss about how they build the knowledge of “Sina” in the upsurge of publication about Sina during wartime.! I anticipate that I could draw the outline of the private/self reading history of the Taiwanese intellectuals under Japan colonial rule. Keywords: reading, material culture, translation, Sina.

(5) ᏾ࠊѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφᎨ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭ! пѯᢋСᇮձঢ়࣐ϜЗ! 37. ᏾ࠊѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφᎨ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭ ˫‫ש‬ᢕᅺ⦝̳૊ᣅʑൔ 1 ɺȮԊ⤵ С‫ݾ‬ਣ෉ѯᢋНϾൠ஀Ϝ‫ޤޠ‬ᜌᡞ‫ق‬л्Ѡϸ࣐ϜНȞѡ‫ڑ‬ѺҪၘȟ‫ڸ‬С Н‫ڎ‬ഌϸȂᓎ຀ࡕ୾ಜ‫ݾ‬ਣ໣‫ޠ‬ቩߞȂЏ‫࢑ڐ‬ӶΚΟήΚԒ‫ۢښ‬ȶ୾ᇮ඾ІΫ ԒॏฬȷϟࡤȂСН΢πᇅС঎ቩȂᆨ௦຀ȶࣳҖϾၽ୞ȷ‫ޠ‬௱୞ϟࡤȂ‫ژ‬Π ΚΟѳΡԒӓѯСᇮ‫ޠ‬඾І౦ϑႁ 60%2ȄѠ‫ޤ‬ȂҦܼࡕ୾෦Җӵఁ‫ޠ๋࢈ي‬ഃ ؐဤᄃȂໍՅஊᎵяུ‫ޠ‬СНᎨ᠟੒ຳထȄЇϟȂϜНშਫҀൠࠔӶᖃ࿝‫ޠۻ‬ შਫᔯᎨ‫࡚ښ‬ȃ᠟޲෶ЎȃਫᝳᒰΤϛ๊ܿ॓८ӱષ‫ޠ‬ኈ៫ίСᗎຉᕼ 3ȄҦܼ ৭ϲСНя‫ٯࠣޏ‬ณ‫ݳ‬ᅗ٘೼ထུᑺ‫ޠ‬СН᠟޲‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟ሰؒȂуউᙾՅ‫ޣ‬௦ॐ ᗋСҐϲӵ‫ޠ‬ਫൣ‫ܗ‬п‫ڐ‬уРԓ‫ڦ‬ூᎨ᠟ၦྜȄ Ꭸ᠟ᄜಭ‫ޠ‬ᎵԚᇅঐ΢ঢ়৴‫ަޠ‬စӵ՞ԥ࢛ᆎโ࡚‫ޠ‬ᜱ߾Ȃ਴ᐄ࿌ਣѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ ᜌ๼ऽ‫ޠ‬Ӳᏺᓄ 4 ȂѠ‫ޤ‬уউτӼՍ҃ӱঢ়৴စᔽ఩ӈၷ࣐ᓻ෴ȂӶᗋ᠟ณဳ‫ޠ‬ ᏱಭᕘძϜȂஊᎵՍϐ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟ᑺ፹ȂತᑗНϾၦҐȞlecapital culturelȟȂໍ՘Н Ͼȶӕᇨȷ Ȟreproductionȟпւঐ΢‫ཽަޠ‬໧઼ 5Ȅࣻၷܼ೼ထ๼ऽȂΚૢߨЎԒ ‫ژ‬შਫᓣᎨ᠟፟ѵ᠟‫ޠޑ‬௒‫ם‬Ȃࠔϛᅿ౪དྷȄϊᏱΚԒ઼‫ژ‬ѳԒ઼ҢᎨ᠟፟ѵ᠟ ‫ޠޑ‬ᏱҢᗷഃԒቩђȂկӱЁᏱՄၑ‫ޠ‬ᜱ߾ȂϥȃϳԒ઼‫ޠ‬ᏱҢτഎӱྦറЁᏱȂ 1. 2 3. 4. 5. ҐН࣐୾ऌཽ၅ֆϟः‫ف‬ॏฬȲС‫ݾ‬ਣхѯᢋձঢ়‫ޠ‬НϾఁᎵୱᚡȳ ȞNSC95-2411-H-126010ȟϟഌӌԚ‫ݏ‬Ȃ‫ܜ‬ᇍ၅ֆȂᙲԫयᗃȄ ѯᢋᖃ࿝‫ܙۣۻ‬௒ൣ፟ጢȂȮτ‫ٴݎ‬᏾‫ᤠލ‬ѯᢋȯȞѯіȈѯᢋᖃ࿝‫ۻ‬Ȃ1943 ԒȟȄ ᜱܼС‫ݾ‬ਣ෉ϜНშਫя‫ޏ‬೰୶௒㤟Ѡ୥ᎨࢍҵȞ༂㠹Ԛȟ Ȃ ȲСᐄਣ෉ϟϜНਫ‫׌‬ȳ Ȟαȟȃ ȞίȟȮᇄіН‫ޑ‬ȯ3-2ȃ3-3ȞѯіȈѯіҀНᝧཽȂ1954 Ԓ 8 Уȃ12 Уȟȃጿ౿ศȂȲС ‫ݾ‬ਣ෉ѯᢋ‫ޠ‬ϜНშਫя‫ޏ‬ཿȳȂȮ୾ঢ়შਫᓣᓣёȯ91-2Ȟ2002 Ԓ 12 УȟȂॳ 65-92Ȅ Ԅलࢎ݃ȮЎԒ؄ีᎄȯ‫ޠ‬ȲЎԒ঎዆ഌ‫ޠ‬ᇷඌȳ ȞѯіȈ୧‫ڻ‬НϾȂ1995 Ԓȟ Ȃॳ 154-160ȇ ྇ሠஆȲ‫ޠש‬፟ѵ᠟‫ޑ‬ȳȂȮ྇ஆሠӲᏺᓄȯ ȞѯіȈࠊፐя‫ަޏ‬Ȃ1996 ԒȟȂॳ 40ȇ஼Н ဏȂȮӲॷ‫ٿ‬ਣၰ˕˕ചϥᆌᚃ৲ӲᏺᓄȯȞѯіȈ֕ήഀஆߝཽȂ1996 ԒȟȂॳ 77-78Ȅ ᜱܼНϾȶӕᇨȷ‫ࣻޠ‬ᜱۢဏଇ፤Ѡ୥ᎨкЉֆȂȮҁᅮड़ЄНϾӕᇨ౪፤ȯȞѯіȈਵ ࠆя‫ޏ‬Ȃ1998 Ԓ 3 Уȟ Ȃॳ 13-15Ȅ ȶӕᇨȷΚມ߾ࡿަཽ໧઼ၽңөᆎစᔽ‫ڸ‬НϾၦྜȂ пᆱᛯՍϐзхӵ՞‫ޠ‬౫ຬ‫ڸ‬ႇโȄ.

(6) 38! ȮѯᢋНᏱᏱൣȯಒΫϳ෉. ՅпᎨ᠟୥Մਫ࣐лȂՅႲॏ൸ᙜ‫ޠ‬ᏱҢҦܼᎨ᠟ᄈ‫ڐ‬Сࡤԕ࿪‫ޠ‬ҢࣁณઊȂӱ ԫᇅᎨ᠟ࣁ୞‫ם؂‬౶ሊ 6 ȄӶѯ༖ܼᎨ᠟޲τഎ឵ܼ‫ڨ‬ႇఁ‫ޠي‬Ϝα໧ቺȂӱ‫ڨ‬ ४ܼᇮّ‫ڸ‬စᔽୱᚡ๊ȂၗԄСҐϲӵ‫ޠ‬ΚૢȶᎨ᠟τಁȷ‫ٯ‬ϛԇӶ 7Ȅ ӶСҐഎҀ‫ޠ‬᠟ਫ໧઼ᇅၼ؇‫ޠ‬᠟ਫߨԒӶᎨ᠟࠯ᄙαԥ຀ࣻ࿌τ‫ޠ‬ৰ ౵Ȃၼ؇ߨԒѬ૗ւңၼ໤Ꭸ᠟ᗀဏᓄ‫ڔ‬शՍᏱȂ‫ܗ‬୥ђߨԒყআᎨᎉ᠟Κૢ ᚖᇭ‫ڸ‬ᇅၼཿࣻᜱ‫ޠ‬ၦଊ 8ȄӤኻӵȂӶ෦ҖӵѯᢋҼԇԥ࠳໑ȃ໧઼๊‫ޠ‬ٙϸ ৰ౵ୱᚡȂӱԫҐН஡ଇ፤ᄈຬ೪ۢпСᇮ࣐‫ޤ‬ᜌᇮّ‫ޤུޠ‬ᜌӌφȂၑშਸ ౪уউ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟စᡜȂ௄‫ޑ‬፵НϾቺ८௥ଇуউ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟؆ਠᇅ࿌ਣСҐϲӵ‫ޠ‬я ‫ޏ‬НϾ౱ཿࢻ೾‫ޠ‬ᜱ߾Ȃ֊СҐ୾ϲ࣐੒၍ਫᝳҢ౱ႇ഼‫ޠ‬ᔇΩȂя‫ޏ‬ཿ޲Ԅ եᙥҦਫᝳ೰፳‫ޠ‬ᆔၿȂ஡СҐ୾ϲ࡛ဋ‫ޤޠ‬ᜌᡞ‫ق‬་᎜‫ژ‬෦ҖӵȂՅ෦Җӵ ‫ޤ‬ᜌߨԒέԄեআΩ‫ٻ‬ΩȂᙥҦτ໕Ꭸ᠟ᑗತՍϐ‫ޠ‬НϾၦҐȂ࡛ᄻ឵ܼ෦Җ ӵ‫ޤޠ‬ᜌᡞ‫ق‬Ȃ৥໡ҐρНϾ፤ख़Ȅ ҐНॷӒ஡௥ଇ෦Җӵۡл୾‫ޠ‬я‫࠯ޏ‬ᄙȂԄࢎ‫ߒڸ‬Ԓȶ༬Ґȷ Ȟᤀ᥋ᤵ᥋ȟ ᇅН৳Ґ‫ޠ‬ណҐτ໕я‫ޏ‬Ȃ‫ٻ‬ூࢎ‫ޤڸ‬ᜌӌφϛ҇Ԅ݃‫ޤݾ‬ᜌӌφૢ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟঩ НਫР૗ᕖ‫ޤུڦ‬ȂՅ࢑ഇႇណҐ‫ޣ‬௦ٟഁኅ‫ހ‬ಘ఼ӵਗ਼ᘹዊजНϾ 9ȄՅ೼ኻ ‫ޑޠ‬፵ၦྜ‫ف‬ഥණ‫ٽ‬෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφࡪኻ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟Ѡ૗ȉᓎ຀ࡕ୾‫ޏ‬შ‫ޠ‬ᘘ஼‫ڸ‬ Сᇮ‫ޠ‬඾ІȂѯᢋ‫ޠ‬᠟ਫҀൠԚ࣐СҐϲӵਫ୧᎜୶ႇ෉ᚖᇭ‫ڸ‬ΡКਫ‫ޠ‬२् ҀൠϟΚȂӱ‫ޑ‬፵‫ܓ‬НϾၦྜ‫ࢻޠ‬೾Ȃණ‫ٽ‬Π෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφࡪኻ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟НҐȉ уউέԄե‫ڦ‬ூ೼‫ٳ‬ၦྜԥਞӵᙾϾᑗತঐ΢‫ޠ‬НϾၦҐȂпձ࣐෦Җӵ౫х Ͼ‫ޤޠ‬ᜌஆᙄȄ‫ڐ‬ԪȂ์޲஡пС‫ݾ‬ਣхѯᢋձঢ়‫ޠ‬ᙡਫᇅঐ΢Сଅ࣐ः‫ف‬ၦ ਠȂᇴ݃᏾ࠊѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφѠ૗‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟ϲৡȂᚅఽуউԄեഇႇСណҐ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟. 6 7. 8. 9. ђ᛾ࢍԚȂȲߨЎԒᤠ᠟ਫȳȂȮѯᢋਣൣȯ231Ȟ1939 Ԓ 2 УȟȂॳ 60-66Ȅ Ϝ৭ւॣȂȲಒϥതСҐಜ‫ݾ‬ਣ෉ѯᢋНᏱȞΚȟ—ѯ㵈喘Ȩε㷌Ў䗄ȷᤣᤜ᣼ᤞȳȂȮС Ґಜ‫෉ݾ‬ѯ㵈Ў䗄ः‫זف‬ᇴȯȞ‫ٶݎ‬Ȉᆧጻਫ‫ܙ‬Ȃ2004 Ԓ 3 УȟȂॳ 127-146Ȅ೼၈‫ࡿܛ‬ ‫ޠ‬ȶᎨ᠟τಁȷ֊ԄϜ৭‫ࡿܛ‬я‫ޠ‬Ȃ೼ထ᠟޲҇໹ഇႇНԆѠп౪၍ఁ‫ܛ࡚ښي‬ጃҴй щᄃ‫ޠ‬ȶ୾ᇮȷ‫ܗ‬ҕᇮȂԥᗋਫ‫ߝޠ‬ᓁᎸ၊‫ڸ‬ਣ໣Ꮈ၊ȂՅй‫ڏ‬Ꭸ᠟ᑺ፹Ȃߩ឵НᏱߨ ԒΚ᜹ȂՅ࢑Κૢԥ‫ٳ‬ఁᎵ‫ޠ‬Ңࣁ޲ȄկӶѯᢋଷΠ൳၊ঢ়৴яٙ޲ϟѵȂΚૢ΢ᄈᎨ ᠟‫ءٯ‬ԥЋτ‫ޠ‬ᑺ፹Ȅ ାҥ‫ڸޤ‬ȂȲၼ؇ߨԒᤦ侇ਫ㱃却喕䁥ᤑ᥃ঐ΢Ңࣁѭ‫ޠ‬ՄᄇȳȂȮя‫ޏ‬ः‫ف‬ȯ33Ȟ2002 ԒȟȂॳ 147-170Ȅ γύ઎‫ع‬ȃђ᛾‫ڻ‬ΚȂ Ȯᙛ佾ᤠСҐᤦߗхȯ Ȟ‫ٶݎ‬Ȉ‫ݱۮ‬ਫ‫ۺ‬Ȃ2009 Ԓ 1 Уȟ Ȃॳ 53-60Ȅ.

(7) ᏾ࠊѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφᎨ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭ! пѯᢋСᇮձঢ়࣐ϜЗ! 39. ࡛ᄻঐ΢‫ޤޠ‬ᜌᡞ‫ق‬ȄഷࡤȂ஡௥ଇܼ᏾ਣȶМ٦ȷ 10 ࣻᜱਫᝳя‫ޏ‬ዦዙϜȂ уউέໍ՘ࡪኻ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟п࡛ᄻ‫ڐ‬ȶМ٦ȷࣻᜱ‫ޤ‬ᜌȉп෉ϼ୛я᏾ࠊ෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ ᜌӌφ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭȄ. ʷȮሬ‣⫏᜺᱿‫ח‬വ СҐϲӵӶᜱ‫ݎ‬τӵᎫϟࡤȂя‫ޏ‬ཿ޲࣐֝ા२࡛‫ٲ‬ཿၦߝȂ‫ڗ‬ᐮҖಁᗋ ຶਫᝳ‫ޠ‬ኔగȂτ໕཈ቌึ୶ȶ༬ҐȷȞΚ༬ΚҐȟ‫ڸ‬Н৳ҐȞπೢ࠯ਫᝳȟȂ Ҧܼя‫ޠࠣޏ‬໕ϾȂ‫ٻ‬ூ᠟ਫ՘࣐ϛӕ࢑ີఋউ‫ޠ‬஠ւȂᙾՅࢻ՘඾ІܼΚૢ τಁϟϜȂ੬ր࢑എҀ‫ޠ‬Κૢ‫ڨ‬ᖡ໧઼ȂᡲуউூпᓎਣሇܿᗋਫᎨ᠟ȂໍՅ ႁ‫ژ‬᠟ਫτಁϾ‫ޠ‬ਞ‫ݏ‬Ȃ౱Ң‫ܛ‬ᒞ‫ޠ‬ȶ᠟ਫ໧઼ȷ11ȂӤਣηӱȶུϜ໣ቺȷ12 ‫ޠ‬᠟ਫ໧઼‫ޠ‬я౫ȂՅߵ‫ٻ‬СҐ᠟ਫ੒ຳҀൠ‫ࣁם؂‬๝Ȅ ȶ༬Ґȷӓ໲Ϝഷ‫ڏ‬хߓ‫׾࢑ޠܓ‬ആަ‫ޠ‬Ȯ౫хСҐНᏱӓ໲ȯ 13 Ȃѻ‫ޠ‬ ኅ֚ၦଊ‫ࢻޠ‬೾ӶСҐϲӵᇅ෦ҖӵѯᢋѬԥ኶СϟৰȂӶԫӓ໲ё՘ϟࡤȂ ‫ڐ‬ѻ‫ޠ‬ȶ༬Ґȷӓ໲ኅ֚Ҽഛ៊ӶȮѯᢋССུൣȯαёၸȄᗷด৭ϲ‫ޠ‬ᗋ᠟ ૗Ω‫ڸ‬੒ຳᖃ໕Ȃณ‫ݳ‬ᇅϲӵ‫ޠ‬᠟޲ထࣻණ‫ٯ‬፤Ȃկ൸შਫၦଊ༉ሏ‫ޠ‬ਣਞ‫ܓ‬Ȃ ‫ٯ‬ґя౫Ћߞ‫۾ޠ‬ᒷȄϲӵ‫ޠ‬я‫ލ࣐ަޏ‬ჵя‫ޏ‬᎜୶ҀൠȂөঢ়ીીᝰࣻึ՘ ӓ໲᜹‫ޠ‬ᘏਫȂഷࡤഥя౫‫ٽ‬ሰѷ።Ң౱ႇ഼‫ޠ‬౫ຬȂ࣐੒၍৳ԇᔇΩȂਫ୧ ᙾՅ஡٦‫ٳ‬৳ԇਫᝳȃΡКᙠਫ‫ڸ‬ႇ෉ᚖᇭၽ‫܂‬੖ѵ෦Җӵ೰୶ 14Ȅ स௄෦Җӵձঢ়‫ޠ‬ᙡਫ‫ٿ‬ᢏᄇ෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟စᡜȂԄᓹ࿊ۡᙡ ਫȃᒧ‫ڸ‬ᙡਫȃ྇໵๸ᙡਫȃȮ֗ሁसСଅȯ15Ϝ‫ޠ‬ᗋဋਫ൑๊खᓄϜȂࣲѠึ 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. ҐНϜ‫ޠ‬ȶМ٦ȷΚມනЖ᏾ࠊС΢ᄈȶϜ୾ȷϛழ‫ݣ‬ຝཏ‫ޠک‬ᆏ‫ڴ‬ң‫ݳ‬ȂࢉпȶȷዀᇭȄ Ҙᔑ२ఄȂȲಒϳതᥠᦔᦕᣵᦉᦞ侇޲ᤦ፜ҢȳȂȮᦍᥫᦞഎҀᤦ侇ਫޫ໣ȯȞСҐᥓᥲ᥎ ᥪᣵᥤᥚɯᦖя‫ޏ‬ഌȂ2001 Ԓ 3 УȟȂॳ 203-243Ȅ ȶུϜ໣ቺȷ‫ࡿހ‬τҔҒԒȃࢎ‫෉ߒڸ‬Ҧ‫ڨ‬Ϝା๊ఁ‫ܛ޲ي‬ӔӤ‫ם‬Ԛ‫ޠ‬ᑀՍҢࣁ࠯ᄙȃ ቌঅᢏȃ፹‫ک‬༟ԂȂ‫ڏ‬໧ቺ‫ޠܓ‬НϾ໲ყϟНϾ๼ऽȄԽϲࢸȂ Ȯ䗄㾹ີఋᤦ䪋ӏᤠਚ‫׸‬ȯ ȞϜѶϵ፤ུަȂ1999 ԒȟȂॳ 312Ȅ ‫׾‬ആަ‫ޠ‬Ȯ౫хСҐНᏱӓ໲ȯງցȂө‫ڣ‬҂ְ 500 ॳȂ‫ݨ‬α 6 ဵ‫ޠ‬୆ӫϊ႘ԆȂήࢳ ಣΚьΚ༬Ȃ௄τҔ 15 ԒȞ1926 Ԓȟ‫ ڸࢎژ‬6 ԒȞ1931 Ԓȟ࣐ЦȂӔึ՘ 62 ‫ڸڣ‬ր‫ڣ‬ Ӕ 63 ‫ڣ‬ȄӶѯᢋܼ 1926 Ԓ 11 У 4 С‫ޠ‬ȮѯᢋССུൣȯαॷُ၏ӓ໲ϟኅ֚Ȅ ୥ُ‫ܮ‬຀Ȳ෦Җӵձঢ়‫ޠ‬НϾષᎵୱᚡ——пᓹ࿊࣐ۡ‫پ‬ȳ Ȃ Ȯࡤ෦Җ‫ٴݎޠ‬ӶӵϾࡧՄȈ ѯᢋНᏱൠ஀ȯȞѯࠓȈ୾ҴѯᢋНᏱᓣȂ2006 Ԓ 4 УȟȂॳ 47-71Ȅ ֗ሁसȂȮ֗ሁसСଅȯȞѯࠓȈ୾ঢ়ѯᢋНᏱᓣȂ2004 ԒȟȄ.

(8) 40! ȮѯᢋНᏱᏱൣȯಒΫϳ෉. ౫уউഎᙡԥ‫׾‬ആަ‫ࢍڸ‬ऎަ๊‫ึܛ‬՘‫ޠ‬ȶ༬Ґȷӓ໲ᘏёȄ‫ۓ‬йϛණ཈ቌ་ ᎜Վѯ‫ޠ‬ȶ༬Ґȷᄈ෦Җӵ᠟ਫҀൠ‫ޠ‬ѓႇȂԄӱτ໕СНណҐ‫ࢻޠ‬೾Ȃܿ‫ٻ‬ ѯᢋНϾࣩХુпӶӵᇮّᙛណ՚Р‫ޤ‬ᜌȂໍ՘Нᡞ‫ܗ‬Ӷӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌߗхϾ‫ޠ‬୞ ᐡȄկӱȶ༬ҐȷӶ෦Җӵ‫ޠ‬НϾൠ஀‫ࢻޠ‬೾Ȃ‫ڗ‬ᐮ෦ҖӵߨԒ‫ޠ‬τ໕Ꭸ᠟‫ޠ‬ ኔగȂԄԫ‫ޠ‬ᗋ᠟՘࣐ηԚ࣐Ӥਣхձঢ়ӔӤ‫ޠ‬ᙡਫစᡜȄη൸࢑ᇴȂࢎ‫ߒڸ‬ ෉‫ޠ‬ȶ༬Ґȷዦዙᓎ຀ࡕ୾෦Җ༗ΩᘘІ෦Җӵ‫ึٯ‬ද‫ڐ‬ኈ៫ΩȂԚ࣐ৡܿ‫ڦ‬ ூ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟؆ਠȂණ‫ٽ‬෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφ‫ق‬ಜ‫ޤޠܓ‬ᜌϲৡȄ ᗋਫᎨ᠟‫ޠ‬੒ຳ՘࣐࢑࿌ਣȶུϜ໣ቺȷತᑗНϾၦҐᙥпȶҴٙязȷ ‫ޠ‬२्КࢳȄᗋਫȃ᠟ਫȃᙡਫԥ‫ڐ‬໧઼ຬኊ‫ޠ‬ཏဏȂ೼ኻ‫ޠ‬՘࣐ೞຝ࣐‫ޤ‬ᜌ๼ ऽ‫ޠ‬Κᆎٙϸα‫ࡼँޠ‬Ȃ ȶਫᝳȷຬኊ຀уউձ࣐᠟ਫ໧઼‫ ߭ࡅཽަޠ‬16ȄӱԫȲෛ ԥФҟᐚ‫ޠ‬ϊᚋȳϜձ޲ԥཏऐᡘചԥή‫ޠ‬ਫᝳຳќᖃᖡၦ‫ޠ‬ΥϸϟΚȂѫΚ՞ २्΢‫ཽަޑ‬лဏߨԒ‫ݔ‬؅ࠓϟφηՍख़ᗋ᠟ϲৡȂᆝϜ঩ӱϛѵоձ޲དྷ्п ᗋਫᎨ᠟ձ࣐஽።࣐ٙ෦Җӵུᑺ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφ‫ޠ‬ٙϸߓኊȄկ࡟ᡘดӵȂᎨ᠟ߗх ȶ‫ޤ‬ᜌȷ‫ٯ‬ґ෈уউᒘؒ઎Ҕ‫ޠ‬۸ᆌȂЇԚ࣐уউฯश‫ޠ‬਴ྜȂഷಥϬґᘜ಴ೞ ෦Җ޲‫ޠ‬஝‫ڽ‬Ȃ‫׼‬᢯Յಥ‫ܗ‬Ӷཱུ݅‫ޠ‬෦Җޫ໣Ϝ‫ڨܜ‬Ң‫ޠڽ‬ਚంȄ ਴ᐄᓹ࿊ۡȞ1911ʂ1999ȟ17ȃеၒ౧Ȟ1908ʂ1984ȟ18ȃ໊྇Ȟ1906ʂ1985ȟ19 ԫΚзх‫ޠ‬ӲᏺȂѠ‫ޤ‬෦Җӵ‫ޠ‬ѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌߨԒউ‫ڦ‬ூਫᝳ‫ޠ‬ᆔၿȂଷΠӱ੽С ᜱ߾‫ޣ‬௦ӶСҐϲӵᗋ᠟ȃ໐ᗋȂ‫ܗ‬ӪშਫᓣআᎨϟѵȂᗋ᠟ᙠਫ‫ڸ‬ϲӵ་᎜ Վ෦Җӵ‫ޠ‬཈ቌᙠਫൣ࢑уউӶѯ‫ڦ‬ூᎨ᠟ၦྜ‫ޠ‬२्ᆔၿȄ‫پ‬ԄȂеၒ౧࣐ ᔕ၅ঐ΢Ᏹᐤα‫ޠ‬ϛ٘Ȃᇅϲӵ‫ޠ‬ၼ؇ߨԒΚኻȂ‫ޣ‬௦Ӫϲӵਫ‫ۺ‬໐ᗋϜᏱᗀ ဏᓄՍᏱȄӶȮѯᢋССུൣȯηစளѠُ‫ژ‬ԟጎҥя‫ޏ‬ഌ‫ޠ‬ᗀဏᓄኅ֚ȂՍ Ᏹ޲Ѡ૗ӱᗀဏᓄϲৡᖠᕃљഋՅኁȂկࠔη‫ڗ‬ᐮуউՍᏱ‫ޠ‬ኔగȄᗷดԄఁ ऌਫૢ‫ޠ‬ᗀဏᓄᇅΚૢਫᝳ‫ܓޠ‬፵ϛӤȂկѻউࣲ࢑‫ܜ‬ၸΠՍࡕ୾ᒰ‫܂‬෦Җӵ ‫ޠ‬НϾ‫ޤ‬ᜌȄ. 16 17 18 19. Ҙᔑ२ఄȂȮᦍᥫᦞഎҀᤦ侇ਫޫ໣ȯȄ ᓹ࿊ۡȂȲ᠟ਫႈᐤଅȳȂȮҖಁСൣȯȞ1981 Ԓ 1 У 28 СȟȄ еၒ౧ȂȲ‫ޠש‬श᠟ȳȂȮҖಁСൣȯȞ1980 Ԓ 12 У 20 СȟȄ ᔝ୾✬Ȃ Ȳ໊྇ᏺख़ϛδ‫ྒޠ‬У˕˕ഘϲ؇থϮ೥໊ܼ྇‫ٶݎ‬ȳ Ȃ Ȯѯᢋѭः‫ޠف‬Ӳ៬ᇅ௥ સȯȂȞѯіȈࠓЉȂ2002 ԒȟȄ.

(9) ᏾ࠊѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφᎨ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭ! пѯᢋСᇮձঢ়࣐ϜЗ! 41. ᄈ‫ڨ‬४ঢ়৴စᔽ఩ӈՅณ‫੽ݳ‬Ᏹ‫ޠ‬Ґ৭ߨԒՅّȂ཈ቌᙠਫ‫ܗ‬ȶ༬Ґȷ৉ ਫ߰Ԛ࣐ᅗ٘уউؒ‫ޤ‬మ‫ڸ‬ತᑗՍ‫ש‬НϾၦҐ‫ޠ‬२्ષ؆ȄᙥҦ‫ق‬ಜ‫ܓ‬ӓ໲ԓ ‫ޠ‬τ໕Ꭸ᠟ණЁ‫ޤ‬ᜌ‫ޠ‬፵໕Ȃп෉ᗎߗСҐϲӵ‫ޠ‬Κૢ‫ޤ‬ᜌ໧ቺ‫ޠ‬ЬྦȄᄈ෦ ҖӵߨԒՅّȂӶ෦Җӵަཽ‫࡚ښ‬Ϝԇԥ೩Ӽᔇ‫ڸ׼‬ৰր‫ࡠܓ‬ႅȂկӶ‫ޤ‬ᜌስ ஀၈уউϬၑშഇႇ‫ڦؤ‬౫хུ‫ໍޤ‬՘‫ޤ‬ᜌ‫ݢ‬၇Ȃп෉ᘜ಴ࡕ୾ᄈ෦ҖӵҐρ НϾ‫ޠ‬ᆙ‫ښ‬Ȃ‫ٯ‬ЇࣹࡧՄѯᢋަཽϲഌНϾ‫๊ܓໍࡤޠ‬ୱᚡȄ Ӷѯࢻ೾‫ޠ‬ਫᝳഎூ௦‫ڨ‬ѯᢋᖃ࿝‫ᝓۻ‬ੀ‫ޠ‬ᔯᎨ 20 Ȃ‫ڐ‬ϜȂ൑՘Ґ‫ޠ‬ѿᖏ ࡧདྷਫᝳᗷ᎐‫ࢦژ‬࿲ȂկోࢃܼȮзࣩτࡧདྷӓ໲ȯ Ȟࢍऎަȟ๊༬Ґӓ໲Ϝ‫ޠ‬ ަཽлဏࡧདྷ౪፤‫ޠܓ‬ਫᝳȂϬයُܼΚ‫ٳ‬ঐ΢ᙡਫϜȂԄᓹ࿊ۡ‫ޠ‬ᙡਫȮз Ȯзࣩτࡧདྷӓ໲ಒ ˇˊ 㬍ȯ22๊Ȅ‫ݭ‬঩ѓࠍ௄ུ֕ᄹ‫ޠ‬ ࣩН䝤ᤠณ౱໧઼ȯ21ȃ ୙ൣ໲ϜȂ‫ތ‬ਸуԄեӶᖃ࿝‫ᝓۻ‬ੀ‫ޠ‬ᔯᎨ‫࡚ښ‬ϟίȂ௄ᆤӬ‫ܓ‬ᚖᇭ‫ܗ‬ѿࣃᚖ ᇭϜ‫ڦؤ‬ѿᖏࡧདྷ 23 ȄӱԫȂѠ‫ޤ‬Ӷަཽлဏࡧዙৱ௣зࣩϟርȂѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌ φϬഇႇөᆎѠ૗‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟ᆔၿஊᎵঐ΢НϾఁᎵ‫ݢٯ‬၇Ї‫ࡧ׫‬དྷȄʳ. ɿȮᔪᖁ߸̳૊᱿♀ሬ⥆ຣ ᏾ࡤࡕ୾࢈᠍ଞൠȃ୾Җឪ࢈᠍ΤлѯᢋϟࡤȂ᏾ࠊ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφ‫ޠ‬ѿᖏᎨ᠟؆ ਠȃ༬Ґӓ໲τഎӱҪՔ৽܏‫޲ᜳڨ‬ঢ়឵౐ܑ‫ڨ‬ತՅೞฐྒྷϾ࣐Թᘵჩρ24Ȃҭࠊ Ѭ૗ഇႇ༊ԥ‫ޠ‬ձঢ়ᙡਫ‫ܗ‬СଅȂӶᐤѭ‫ޠ‬ዺᄨ೏ᙛᎨ឵ܼуউ‫୾ࡕޠ‬ᙡਫଅᏺȄ Ӷຝଊ൭ᡞۧґя౫‫ޠ‬С‫ݾ‬ਣ෉ȂਫᝳᎨ᠟࢑Κૢ΢֝Ԟ౫хུ‫ޠޤ‬л् ᆔၿȄਫᝳ‫ࢻޠ‬೾‫ޣ‬௦ኈ៫‫ژ‬᠟޲‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟ϲৡȂӱԫ၍໡෦Җӵձঢ়‫ޠ‬ᙡਫஞ ጇȂ஡ԥֆܼ‫ש‬উᕤ၍С‫ݾ‬ਣ෉ѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟စᡜȄӱ࣐೼‫ٳ‬Ꭸ᠟စᡜ 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. ‫ݭ‬঩ѓȂȲСҐಜ‫෉ݾ‬ѯ㵈᤟ᤦȶ㴵䆘ȷᤦ㡷ᄙȳȂȮ‫ࢸݎ‬НϾ੬໲ȈСҐᤦෛҖӵМପᤠ 㴵䆘᫛‫ښ‬ɯᗻ㥾ᤦ‫پٲ‬᥊ϜЗᤣɯȯ86ȂȞ‫ࢸݎ‬ᏱཽȂ2006 Ԓ 3 УȟȂॳ 165-214Ȅ ᦀ ᦞ ᥯ Θᦌ ᣵ ᦕ ᦞ ᥚ ຀ Ȃ ώ π ਫ਼ ណ ȂȮ з ࣩ Н 䗄 ᤠ ณ 㰗 ໧ ઼ ȯȞ ‫ ٶ ݎ‬Ȉ ‫ ׾‬ആ ަ Ȃ 1929 Ԓ 12 У ȟȄ ᦄᦖᦞᥢᦐᥪ᥏ᦞ຀Ȃ‫ݙ‬ί߀‫ع‬ណȂ Ȳᦉᦖᥘᥢᥥᦋᤦ‫׾‬ആȳ ȇᥖᥑ᥯ᥘᣵ຀ȂύώְណȂ ȲᦉᦖᥘᥢᥥᦋঔҔᤦሼ፤ȳȞ‫ٶݎ‬ȈࢍऎަȂ1928 Ԓ 10 УȟȄ ‫ݭ‬঩ѓȂȲ㞕ུ䪋ᤦѿᖏཏᜌȶ㞕ུ䪋㛻䅜䁫ᇭ㟧㬛໲ȞӬҐȟȷᤃ᥁ᤦՄᄇȳȂȮ2007 Ԓ ѯС೛һࢻ୾ርཽឋ፤Н໲ȯȞ2007 Ԓ 9 У 8-9 СȟȂॳ 108-113Ȅ ቔ௧ȂȮ‫ޠש‬᝜ਆᓄȯ ȞѯіȈၼ‫ސ‬ԡёަȂ1993 ԒȟȂॳ 130ȇ֗߀໱Ȳଢଅ‫ޠש‬Яᒒ֗ ሁसȳȂȮ֗ሁसСଅȯȞѯࠓȈ୾ҴѯᢋНᏱᓣȂ2004 ԒȟȂॳ 492Ȅ.

(10) 42! ȮѯᢋНᏱᏱൣȯಒΫϳ෉. ኈ៫຀෦ҖӵߨԒᄈՍ‫ש‬ґ‫ޠٿ‬དྷ჌Ȅп༂ூਣ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟စᐤ࣐‫پ‬Ȃу෇ܼ‫ٶݎ‬ ᙠਫ᠌ᗋூା໹߀ԪॣȲ‫ࢸݎ‬Н᛻Ϋϳᗀȳȃ࿳㠆ረึ՘‫ޠ‬ȮτМ٦τ‫ق‬ȯȲМ ٦ᔜቒ጖ȳ‫ݱۮڸ‬ਫ‫ۺ‬ȮᅚҰӓ໲ȯȂՅኈ៫у‫ؒۢ؛‬Ᏹ‫ޠ‬РӪ 25ȄηӶ೼ኻ‫ޠ‬ ӱጣί‫ٻ‬уԚ࣐࿌ਣѯᢋЎ኶‫ޠ‬Ϝ୾НᏱः‫޲ف‬Ȃ᏾ਣпᙛណȮЬ⦦༉ȯ຀ᆏȄ пίၑშϸ‫ݚ‬ᒧ‫ڸ‬ȃᓹ࿊ۡᙡਫȂп௥‫ف‬෦Җӵձঢ়‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟ࣁ୞Ȃ҉໡෦Җӵ ਣх‫ޠ‬შਫଅᏺȂ෉ࡠ૗஋ᇅуউ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟စᡜࣻഈȄ Ȯᒧ‫ڸ‬ख‫܉‬ᓣᙡਫҭᓄȯϜ‫ޠ‬ਫᝳпᒧ‫ޠڸ‬ᙡਫ࣐лȂկ‫ڐ‬Ϝഌϸᚖԥঢ় ឵Ԅᒧ፲ᑘ๊΢‫ޠ‬ᙡਫȄϜНᙡਫϸ࣐ȶϏโȷ ȃ ȶϜ୾НᏱȷ ȃ ȶϜ୾লᏱᖃ፤ȷ ๊ 26 Ȃ‫ڐ‬ϜпϜ୾౫хձঢ়‫ޠ‬ձࠣȞϊᇴУൣᘏёȟ‫ڸ‬՚РНᏱ‫ޠ‬ϜណҐ኶໕ ഷӼȄӶᚖᇭ෉ёР८ȂϜ୾౫хНᏱѭ‫ޠ‬२्෉ёԞԥȮϊᇴУൣȯȃȮ౫х ຠ፤ȯȃȮҧசȯȃȮᇮ๜ȯȃȮೃ঩ȯȃȮᓪᎹ૪ȯ๊Ȅ೼‫ٳ‬Ϝ୾౫хНᏱ‫ޠ‬ਫൣᚖ ᇭၦਠл्࢑෇Ӷі‫ٶ‬τᏱ੽Ᏹ‫ޠ‬ᒧ፲ᑘ஛ଛ๞ᒧ‫ޠڸ‬ȂՅᒧ‫ڸ‬έ஡೼‫ٳ‬ᚖᇭ ဋܼࡋᢉ‫ڐٽ‬ѻЅ΢Ԅ໊྇ȃ֕ኋஇȃ྇ԉཎ๊΢Ꭸ᠟ȄӱԫѠ‫ޤ‬ȂϜ୾౫х НᏱ‫ޤޠ‬ᜌഇႇ੽ϜᏱҢ‫ޠ‬஛ଛਏழȂᘜဋܼѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφ‫ޠ‬ᙡਫϜȂԚ࣐у উНϾ၇ဋ‫ޠ‬ΚഌϸȂՅ೼‫ٳ‬НᏱᚖᇭ‫ޠ‬ձࣦࠣՎԚ࣐ᒧ‫ڸ‬഻ձࣦ࣐२्‫ޠ‬୥ ྲၦਠȂԄᏈٟȲႇࡋȳȶٗȷ‫ޠ‬ཏຬ෇я౫ܼᒧ‫ޠڸ‬Ȳࠊໍȳ 27ȂՅ৹Ҟᒜё ၸܼȮϊᇴУൣȯ‫ڸ‬Ȯఒൣ୚ёȯαԥᜱҢԬлᚡ‫ޠ‬ձࠣҼᄈᒧ‫ޠڸ‬഻ձԥ‫ޣ‬ ௦‫ޠ‬ኈ៫ 28ȄѠُȂਫൣ‫ޑ‬፵Н݃‫ࢻޠ‬୞ᄈܼձঢ়഻ձԥ‫ޠڔ౐ڐ‬ཏဏȄ СНᙡਫϜଷΠΚૢਫᝳϟѵȂуᗚԞᙡΠӼ৉༬Ґӓ໲Ȟᗷด‫ٯ‬ґԞӓȟ ឌԄȈઢҥᙵᕭጢ‫ޠ‬Ȯзࣩτࡧདྷӓ໲ȯ Ȟ‫ٶݎ‬ȈࢍऎަȂ1927 ԒȟȂઢҥᙵᕭ ጢȮτࡧདྷ᥏ᦞᥠ᥏ᥚᦘᦄᥭ᥍ȯ Ȟ‫ٶݎ‬ȈࢍऎަȂ1930 ԒȟȂէ᛾ဏ߬ጢ‫ޠ‬Ȯз ࣩНᏱӓ໲ȯ Ȟ‫ٶݎ‬ȈུዙަȂ1930 ԒȟȂߗхަጢ‫ޠ‬Ȯзࣩᔜԣӓ໲ȯ Ȟ‫ٶݎ‬Ȉ ߗхަȂ1927 ԒȟȂȮ౫хСҐНᏱӓ໲ȯȞ‫׾‬ആަȂ1926ʂ1929 ԒȟȃȮзࣩज. 25 26. 27. 28. ༂ூਣȲව༫᠟ਫᚖଅȳȂȮѯᢋНᏱȯಒ 2 ‫ڣ‬ಒ 1 ဵȞ1942 Ԓ 2 УȟȂॳ 200-204Ȅ ၏ҭᓄ‫ޠ‬ϸ᜹‫ٯ‬ґ਴ᐄΚૢ‫ޠ‬შਫϸ᜹‫ݳ‬Ȃ᜹րಡ໷ЋӼՅᡘூᚖ༅ณതȂԥࡠໍΚؐ २ུϸ᜹ᐍ౪Ȅ ച࡛‫܇‬Ȃ ȮਫቹѯᢋʝѯᢋਫቹȈᒧ‫ޠڸ‬НᏱࡧདྷः‫ف‬ȯ Ȟା໱Ȉࢍྲྀя‫ަޏ‬Ȃ2004 ԒȟȂ ॳ 304Ȅ ऎӢԞȂȲᒧ‫ڸ‬ᇅ৹Ҟᒜ——ȶѯᢋ‫ޠ‬ᏈٟȷᇅτഛུНᏱ‫ޠ‬ᜱ߾ȳȂȮᄕϾНᏱτ፤ख़ȯ ȞѯіȈϥࠓშਫя‫ޏ‬Ȃ2007 Ԓ 11 УȟȂॳ 120-142Ȅ.

(11) ᏾ࠊѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφᎨ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭ! пѯᢋСᇮձঢ়࣐ϜЗ! 43. ೛ӓ໲ȯȞ҂δަȟ๊ȄԫѵۧԥȂձঢ়ӓ໲Ȯࡈࠖ࡝࠶ࡊӓ໲ȯȞ‫ٶݎ‬Ȉུዙ ަȂ1929 Ԓȟȃ࠻࡞ࠬ࠻ࠗӓ໲Ȟ‫ٶݎ‬Ȉ‫׾‬ആަȂ1939 Ԓȟ๊ȇӤਣȂηᙡԥ ϛЎ‫ݱۮ‬ਫ‫๊ۺ‬я‫ޠޏ‬Н৳ҐȂُ٘ࢎ‫ߒڸ‬Ԓ‫୾ࡕޠ‬ਫᝳя‫ࠣޏ‬ȶ༬Ґȷ‫ڸ‬ȶН ৳ҐȷȂ᠂ดԚ࣐෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφҢࣁϜϛѠ‫ޠુܗ‬НϾ၇ဋȄसಡ‫ف‬ਫᝳϲ ৡȂѠึ౫‫ڐ‬ϜַᚖΠϛЎަཽлဏࡧདྷ‫ࣻޠ‬ᜱਫᝳȄ௄ᒧ‫ڸ‬ᇅᒧ፲ᑘ‫ޠ‬ᙡਫ ϲৡȂѠᄇញ෦Җӵচ‫ڏ‬ᙠᅖНષᎵ‫ུޠ‬НᏱၽ୞޲ഇႇϜН‫ޠ‬ਫൣᎨ᠟Ȃໍ ՘ᄈϜ୾ུНᏱၽ୞ϲৡ‫ޠ‬ᕤ၍Ȃпၦձ࣐ѯᢋུНᏱၽ୞ึ৥‫ޠ‬୥ՄȂӤਣ ηഇႇСНណҐ๊‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟ၦྜᕖ‫ڦ‬՚РНϾུ‫ޤ‬ᇅ‫ٯ‬໡‫ڐܦ‬зࣩຝഐȄ ᓹ࿊ۡ࢑С‫ݾ‬ਣ෉Ў኶‫ޠ‬ᙡਫঢ়ϟΚȂӱ࣐᏾ࠊСᇮ࢑ул्‫ޤڦؤ‬ᜌ‫ޠ‬ ᇮّȂ‫ܛ‬п᏾ࠊ‫ޠ‬ᙡਫпСНਫᝳ࣐лȂу‫ޠ‬Сଅȃ഻ձᇅᙡਫ‫ޠ‬ᜱ߾ࣲԥၭ Ѡ൷ 29 Ȃуள஡ᄣᓄঐ΢‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟์ଅܺΤձࠣϜȂࣦՎ‫ޣ‬௦ᙾЖᎨ᠟ϲৡܼϊ ᇴȃຠ፤ϜȄуӶ৵ፚཽαᜱܼȶ‫ؾ‬ుձঢ়І‫ڐ‬౪Ҧȷ 30 ‫ၘޠ‬ᚡϜȂՍၿȶЎ Ԓਣ஢ੀ੢Њȃϟࡤ࢑‫ݏ‬И㠆Ȃഷߗࠍ࢑ᜱЗѿ‫ܝ‬ȄȷѠُȂѵ୾НᏱ࢑ул ्ᏱಭዂҾ‫ޠ‬ᄈຬȂᄈ‫ڐ‬ձࠣॴੀኈ៫ࣦ౐Ȅ᏾ࡤӶȲ᠟ਫႈᐤଅȳΚНϜཿ ϑၐಡӵചख़у‫ޠ‬᠟ਫစᐤȂӶԫϛӕᙶख़Ȅկঅூ‫ݨ‬ཏ‫࢑ޠ‬Ȃ᏾ࠊଷΠᏈٟ НᏱϟѵȂᓹ࿊ۡᘁЎ፤ІϜ୾౫хНᏱȂ‫ژޣ‬᏾ࡤߒ෉ጢᒯȮϜ๽Сൣȯ ȶС Н‫ޏ‬ȷН᛻ើਣȂ࣐ӱᔗ᏾ࡤߒ෉ѯᢋНϾ२࡛ϟሰȂРϘණяՍϐᄈܼϜ୾ НᏱȃ࢈‫ݾ‬ȃᐤѭ๊‫ُޠ‬၍ȂՅ٦ኻ‫ޤޠ‬ᜌϲৡ‫࢑ߩٯ‬᏾ࡤ࡛ဋ‫ޠ‬ȂՅ࢑Ӷ᏾ ‫෉ލ‬໣Ꭸ᠟ȶМ٦ȷࣻᜱਫᝳ‫ڸ‬Ϝ୾౫хНᏱ๊‫ޠ‬СណҐȂ‫ܛ‬ᑗತ‫ޤޠ‬ᜌȂᄈ ܼϜ୾౫хНᏱуࠍ࢑п՚ዊНᏱձ࣐ຠᘟዀྦໍ՘ຠ፤ 31 ȄᜱܼϜ୾ަཽ‫ޠ‬ ึ৥уࠍᇰ࣐Ȉʳ ౫Ӷ‫ޠ‬Ϝ୾НϾ࢑ϛ٘пӪзࣩၔұϨ 䈥 ‫ޠ‬ဤӃ୾ঢ়Ȃկႇџࠔԥᓻً ‫ޠ‬НϾȂկϜ୾‫ޠ‬ᐤѭ‫ึܓ‬৥ȂӱȺ‫ࢹٴ‬ԓҢ౱ዂԓ‫ޠ‬୅ႴȻᇅзࣩࡕ 29. 30 31. ୥ُ‫ܮ‬ձȂȲ෦Җӵձঢ়‫ޠ‬НϾષᎵୱᚡ——пᓹ࿊࣐ۡ‫پ‬ȳȂȮࡤ෦Җ‫ٴݎޠ‬ӶӵϾࡧ ՄȈѯᢋНᏱൠ஀ȯ Ȃॳ 47-68ȇ Ȳ੝Эቄ୘——ᜱιᓹ࿊ۡ‫ޠ‬ѯࠓਣ෉চ፤Ȯυ‫ܓ‬ષඣȯȳȂ ȶ஼НᕘІ‫ڐ‬Ӥਣхձঢ়Ᏹ೛ःଇཽȷȞѯϜȈᓘۤτᏱϜН‫ق‬Ȃ2003 Ԓ 10 У 18 СȟȂ ॳ 183-207Ȅ Ȳѯ㵈хߓ‫ޠ‬ձঢ়ᤦНߋ᥊ᇮ᥃৵ፚ㜘ȳ Ȃ Ȯѯᢋ᛻೛ȯಒ 3 ‫ڣ‬ಒ 11 ဵȞ1942 Ԓ 11 УȟȄ еඐࣣȂȲᓹ࿊ۡᤦ侇᥋ᤘϜ㥾Н䗄——СҐᇮᤦᙛ佾ᤣ᥀᥃‫ڨ‬ৡȳȂȮϜ୾НᏱཽख्ȯ 27Ȟᜱ՚τᏱϜ୾НᏱཽȂ2006 Ԓ 3 УȟȂॳ 131-150Ȅ.

(12) 44! ȮѯᢋНᏱᏱൣȯಒΫϳ෉. ୾лဏᄈϜ୾‫ޠ‬စᔽ߮౲ȂϜ୾ؐαᝓ२‫ޠ‬ખྟ‫ܓ‬စᔽખᚾ‫ޠ‬ႇโȂӕ ђααഌᄻആ࢈‫ޠݾ‬ᆼంȂϜ୾НϾӱԫ໡ۗ୅ႴଞࡤȄ 32ʳ Ѡ‫ޤ‬Ȃу౐‫ڨ‬᏾ࠊ༄ੀᅮ‫ޠ‬ȶ‫ࢹٴ‬ԓҢ౱ዂԓ‫ޠ‬୅Ⴔȷ‫ޠ‬፤።‫ܛ‬ኈ៫Ȃԫ ፤።࢑СҐ݃‫ݾ‬п‫ٿ‬Мእ಴‫ٴ‬Τዊ‫୾ޠ‬ঢ়᏾౲‫ޠ‬Ϝ୾ᇰ‫ޤ‬Ȃ֊‫ܛ‬ᒞȶ‫ࢸݎ‬ԓ‫ޠ‬ ୅ᅘȷȃȶ‫ࢸݎ‬ԓ‫ޠ‬஠‫ښ‬ȷ‫܉྆ޠ‬ȂԄԫ‫ޠ‬Ϝ୾ᇰ‫ޤڸࢎ࣐ޤ‬ᜌӌφᄈॗ‫߮ܓٲ‬ ๽ȂՅழ‫ٿ‬Ϝ୾ᙠަཽ‫ޠ‬၍ᡞᇅ‫ུ؂‬ϟᐤѭᄃ፻Ȃණ‫ٽ‬Ҕ࿌Ͼ‫ޠ‬౪፤ 33 ȄҼҦ ԫѠ‫ޤ‬ȂၗԄဩᄹយ‫ّܛ‬Ȉ ȶᇄ΢ᄈડ୾‫ޠ‬ᄃ௒Ȃ‫ܛ‬Ѡ૗‫ޠ‬ΤКၦਠࣲ࢑စС΢ ୙ນȃ࢘Ք‫ޠ‬ђϏࠣȄȷ 34 ᏾ࠊѯ΢‫ޠ‬Ϝ୾ᢏӱ‫ڨ‬᏾‫ޠ෉ލ‬СҐȶМ٦Ᏹȷ༉ ክϲৡ‫ޠ‬ኈ៫ȂՅ‫୾ࡕژڨ‬ϟಂ‫ޠ‬ኈ៫Ȃԥ‫୒ڐ‬ሴϟ೏Ȅ ՍᇰᏱᐤϛ٘‫ޠ‬ᓹ࿊ۡଷΠໍ՘ࠊख़‫ޠ‬ѿᖏᎨ᠟ϟѵȂҼᙡԥϛЎᇅఁᎵ лဏࣻᜱ‫ޠ‬ਫᝳȄᇅѯіାਯᏱҢަყȶུᆹഌȷึ՘‫ޠ‬ё‫ޑ‬ȮѯାȯಒΫΥ ဵȶ᠟ਫ་Ӫ።ࢦȷ 35 Ϝᛴӗ‫ޠ‬ఁᎵਫᝳໍ՘ЩᄈȂࠍѠึ౫ࣻᜱਫᝳӶу‫ޠ‬ ᙡਫϜࣲѠ൷ᕖȄ੬ր࢑‫ݭ‬Ӭᄹ‫ޠॣݾ‬຀ձȂឌԄΤᒶ᠟ਫ་Ӫ።ࢦ൑໷‫ޠ‬Ȯ䝤 Ңᤠऌ䝤ȯȃ Ȯ䝤ҢᤠఁᎵȯȃ Ȯ䝤ҢᤠҢࣁȯȃ Ȯ䝤Ңᤠ䅙ѭȯȃ Ȯ䝤ҢᤠҢࣁȯ๊Ȅ ௄೼ӌୱ‫ڣ‬።ࢦѠ‫ޤ‬Ӷࢎ‫ڸ‬ఁᎵлဏ‫ޠ‬ኈ៫ίȂ࿌ਣѯіାਯᏱҢ‫ޤޠ‬ᜌЬྦ ᇅᎨ᠟ϲৡᇅϲӵାਯҢ‫ޠ‬ৰ౵‫ٯܓ‬ϛτȂՅ༖ܼՍᏱ‫ޠ‬уηп೼‫ٳ‬ਫᝳණЁ ঐ΢‫ޠ‬НϾᏱᎵȄࢎ‫ڸ‬ΫԒхକఁᎵлဏᗷစᐤϜС᏾‫ލ‬ȃЋ҂ࢸ᏾‫ޠލ‬ਣхȂ կӶାਯҢϜϬࣻ࿌౿՘Ȃ‫ڐ‬Ϝп‫ݭ‬Ӭᄹ‫ޠॣݾ‬Κ‫ق‬ӗ‫ޠ‬ȶᏱҢᤠɒɒȷᏱҢ ᘏਫ‫ق‬ӗȂϥԒ໣ϛᘟӵя‫ޏ‬Ȃ‫ٯ‬йԚ࣐ഷᄲ᎜ਫᝳȂԚ࣐ᄈܼࢎ‫ڸ‬ΫԒхС Ґᙠ‫ښ‬ାਯҢȃτᏱҢ‫ޠ‬ఁᎵлဏР८ኈ៫ࣦ႟ȄӶ࢛ᆎཏဏα೼‫ٳ‬ᏱҢఁᎵё ‫ޑ‬ᇅࡕ୾лဏ‫ࡈޠ‬༉᠟‫ޑ‬໣ԇԥᄈ‫׫‬ਞ‫ݏ‬Ȃ‫ٻٯ‬ᏱҢᄈ΢‫ܓ‬ԥၷ౐Τ‫ࢿޠ‬ᄇ 36Ȅ 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. ᓹ ࿊ ۡ ȂȲ Ϝ ୾ ѡ х ᤦ ऌ Ᏹ ਫ——‫׉‬ᔗ࢒ ᤦȮЉ Ϗ໡ ‫ ޑ‬ȯȳȂȮϜ ๽С ൣȯȞ1946 Ԓ 9 У 16 СȟȄ φԋࡈ٥ȂȮȶ᥍ᥣ᥍ȷᤧᤡ᣾ᇮ᥁᥄ᤞᤅᤗᤃȯȞ‫ٶݎ‬Ȉ᛾঩ਫ‫ۺ‬Ȃ2003 Ԓ 7 УȟȂॳ 141-142Ȅԫ፤ᘉΞ࢑φԋ୥ᎨऎᐪঔΡ‫ޠ‬ȮМ٦ަ㜘ᄻԚȯȞ‫ٶݎ‬ȈҪඵަȂ1939 Ԓȟ ‫ܛ‬ձя‫ޠ‬๗ᇮȄ ဩᄹយȂ Ȳѯᢋࣹӏඉࠊࡤ‫ޠ‬Ӳᏺȳ Ȃ Ȯဩᄹយӓ໲ 2! ѯᢋ΢‫ޑ‬ထ჌ȯ ȞѯϜȈఒ࢒я‫ޏ‬Ȃ 2000 Ԓ 8 УȟȂॳ 447Ȅ ЖՍጿᓇஇȂ ȲСҐ‫ݾ‬ѯࡤљ෉‫ޠ‬ȶ஌‫ࠣڃ‬ȷ——ᇄіା๊Ᏹਯᇅߗхѯᢋ๼ऽ‫ޠ‬፜ҢȳȂ Ȯ2007 ԒСѯᏱ೛һࢻ୾ርཽឋ፤Н໲ȯ Ȟ‫ݎٴ‬ᜱ߾‫ཽڟ‬ȃ୾ѭᓣȂ2007 Ԓ 9 У 8-9 СȄȟ ๎ϣఽ‫܇‬Ȃ ȲߗΘ౫хСҐᤣᤂᤉ᥃ఁᎵлဏԚҴᤠ৥໡ȳ Ȃ ȮަཽऌᏱः‫ف‬ȯಒ 20 ‫ڣ‬ಒ 1.

(13) ᏾ࠊѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφᎨ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭ! пѯᢋСᇮձঢ়࣐ϜЗ! 45. ӤਣȂҼѠᑜ‫ޤ‬Ԅᓹ࿊ۡ೼ኻ‫ޠ‬СᇮзхԄեഇႇՍᏱᎨ᠟ᏱҢఁᎵਫᝳණЁ Ս‫ޠש‬НϾఁᎵȄᒧ‫ڸ‬ᇅᓹ࿊ۡө឵෦ҖӵϛӤзх‫ޤޠ‬ᜌӌφȂ௄уউ‫ޠ‬ᙡ ਫϲৡѠ‫ޤ‬уউ‫ڨ‬४ܼзхІᇮّ‫ޠ‬ᜱ߾Ȃөԥ୒ԂȂկӤਣηЇ࢏яϜȃС НਫᝳӶѯ‫ࢻޠ‬೾੒ߞᇅуউ‫ޠ‬ᙡਫʝᎨ᠟ʝ഻ձࣁ୞ϟ໣ԥ຀ஞϛѠϸ‫ޠ‬ᜱ ߾ȂӤਣҼᄈуউ‫ޤ‬ᜌ‫ޠ‬ᒶᐆ‫ڦ‬Ӫ౱Ңೄτ‫ޠ‬ኈ៫Ȅ. ߈ȮⅶԻ໴ᆹ᱿ȵᄄ⴨ȶ〇⩊ СҐя‫࣐ࣩޏ‬ӱᔗࡕ୾ȶᑺ‫ٴ‬ȷ‫࡛ڸ‬೪ȶτ‫ٴݎ‬Ӕᄹ୽ȷ‫ޠ‬ਣ‫ࡈ׌‬༉ϟሰȂ Յຼ༗τ໕ӵя‫ޏ‬ᙛណ‫ܛ‬ᒞȶМ٦Ᏹȷ‫ޠ‬ᘏਫȂԄ഻ϰަ‫ޠ‬ȶМ٦ᘏਫȷ ȃ΢Н ረ‫ޠ‬ȶМ٦НϾᘏਫȷ ȃ‫ݱۮ‬ਫ‫ۺ‬ȃ‫ݎ‬Ԛަ‫ޠ‬ȶ౫хМ٦НᏱᘏਫȷ๊ȄᖃΩ᏾ ෉໣ԥᜱȶМ٦ȷ‫ࡧޠ‬དྷȃಭߺȃНᏱ๊྆ᇴ‫ޠܓ‬ਫᝳτ໕ӵೞណяȂᗷดਫ ᝳ‫ܗ‬ណ޲‫ޠ‬Ьྦً೉ϛቇ 37 Ȃկѻ౴ഥழ୞ΠȶМ٦ȷዦȄӢώ۸Ԫॣࠔᇰ࣐ ೼ኻМ٦Ᏹ‫ޠ‬ዦዙȂ࢑ȶѵዦϲտȷ‫ޠ‬౫ຬȄӱ࣐֊‫ٻ‬ԥτ໕М٦ਫ‫ޠ‬ᙛណȂ կᇳណ‫ޠ‬౫ຬࠔᓎ೏ѠُȂࣦՎഀ‫ؚ‬ᆡፐ‫ޠ‬ᖑ݃я౫ᝓ२‫ޠ‬ᇳណȂഥηೞёၸ ӶൣિαȄᄈМ٦ୱᚡ‫ޠ‬ᜱЗ‫ڐ‬ᄃ࢑ӱᔗѵӶࡋᢏᕘძ‫ޠ‬ሰؒጬΠ 38 Ȅ‫ۓ‬йϛ ፤ណҐً೉‫ޠ‬ୱᚡȂկᖃΩ᏾ਣ෉ȶМ٦ȷᙛណዦ‫ޠ‬ኈ៫ϛѬӶСҐϲӵ‫ޠ‬Ϝ ୾ᇰ‫ޤ‬ȂҼ‫ڗ‬ᐮ෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφԄ֗ሁसȃུ֕ᄹ๊΢ᗋ᠟ȶМ٦ȷः‫ޠف‬ᑺ ፹Ȃᅗ٘уউᎨ᠟Ϝ୾‫ޠ‬ኔగȄᗷด೼‫ޤٳ‬ᜌϲৡᜳռ‫ژڨ‬᏾‫ލ‬ਣ‫ޠ׌‬ኈ៫Ȃ ‫پ‬ԄಒΚਫ‫ܙ‬ё՘޲ߞْώϒϟӢȂึߓ‫ܛ‬ᒞ‫ޠ‬Ȳ᏾ਣᡞ‫ّࡈޠޏښ‬ȳ Ȃᇴ݃Ȉ ȶҐ᏾ਣᡞ‫ޏښ‬ਗ਼Іࡧདྷȃ᛻೛ȃۡఁ๊НϾөР८Ȃೲѡϭ‫ݎ‬՚Ѭ्࢑ᄈ౫ хСҐഷ्ᆨ‫ڏ‬२τཏဏ‫ޠ‬ӫ຀Ȃ஡ॏฬ඾ІȄȷ 39 ೼‫ٳ‬຀ձ‫ޠ‬ȶМ٦ȷτഎ ࢑ಜឹӶȶ‫ࢸݎ‬ȷጓᛠϟίȂпȶᑺ‫ٴ‬ȷ࣐ӫဏȂ࡛ҴСМ‫୾ڎ‬НϾᇅ୾Җ௒ དα‫ޠ‬ᖓழᜱ߾ȄԄȈ ȶМ٦ၒ΢‫ޠ‬௒དЖକᇅӤ឵‫ࢸݎ‬΢‫ޠ‬СҐ΢‫ޠ‬ӔቂȂщ. 37 38 39. ဵȞ2000 Ԓ 3 УȟȂॳ 1-20Ȅ ԽϲԂȂȲᙛណਣຠȳȂȮϜ୾НᏱȯ68Ȟ1940 Ԓ 12 УȟȂॳ 314-319Ȅ Ӣώ۸ԪॣȂȲᙛណਣຠȳȂȮϜ୾НᏱȯ76Ȟ1941 Ԓ 9 УȟȂॳ 256-261Ȅ ߞْώϒϟӢȂ Ȳ᏾ਣᡞ‫ّࡈޠޏښ‬ȳ Ȃα؇‫ݾ܇‬຀Ȃ Ȯၒ΢᥊೾ᤐᤞᤦМ٦НϾȯ Ȟ‫ٶݎ‬Ȉ ಒΚਫ‫ܙ‬Ȃ1941 Ԓ 9 УȟȂኅ֚ॳȞఽ๽τᏱშਫᓣ‫ܛ‬ᙡဩᄹយᜓਫȟȄ.

(14) 46! ȮѯᢋНᏱᏱൣȯಒΫϳ෉. ᅗ‫ࢸݎ‬ԓ፹‫ޠک‬ၒᑺȂᅗ٘Π‫ש‬উ‫ޠ‬፹‫ک‬ȷ 40 ȃȶȞМ٦ȟᏑఁ२ຝথୋҔτϟ ॴȂณѠ֐ᇰԚ࣐ኅဏ‫ࢸݎޠ‬ᆡઢҔ८‫ࡧޠ‬ዙȂԄԫᇴ‫ٿ‬Ȃ‫ڸ‬СҐ΢ۧ‫ݢ‬Κኻ ԥ‫ޠ࢚ྤڐ‬ӵРȂ஥ۧՍดϛ૗ᇴ‫ء‬ԥ‫ژڨ‬Ճೆࡧདྷ‫ޠ‬ኈ៫ȷ 41 ๊Ȅ᏾ਣСҐ ‫ޠ‬ȶМ٦ȷަཽȃНϾȃ࢈‫ݾ‬ȃစᔽ๊‫ޤ‬ᜌ‫ޣ‬௦ኈ៫‫ژ‬᏾ਣѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφ‫ޠ‬Ϝ ୾ᇰᜌȂη໣௦ӵኈ៫уউӶ᏾ࡤߒ෉ਣ८ᄈϜ୾௦Ԟ࢈᠍‫ޠ‬ᄙ࡚Ȅ‫پ‬Ԅࡤख़ Ұ᛾γЋ‫ޠ‬ȮጾϮҰȯ42Ȃ්࣐ٙСུᆹ‫ޠ‬ଅ޲Ωؒᄈ༉ଅ΢‫ໍޑ‬՘ࡋᢏଅख़Ȃ ஡२ᘉဋܼᅗࢹ‫ٲ‬ᡑՎ՚ԋ‫ٲ‬ᡑԥᜱ‫ޠ‬ጾϮҰ‫ᙻٲ‬ȄጾϮҰӱ՚ԋ‫ٲ‬ӈ‫୾ژڨ‬ ርަཽା࡚ᜱ‫ݨ‬Ȃߵ‫ٻ‬၏຀ձ‫ޠ‬я‫ޏ‬ȂуᗷดᆏႷጾϮҰ୊τȂկ࢑Ϭґ૗ၱ ಴᏾ਣϜ୾ስೠጾϮҰ‫ڸ‬Ϝ๽ၿಜ᝸‫ޠ޲ܜ‬ᇰ‫ޤ‬ȄԄࡤख़ѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφུ֕ᄹ ࠔпऽ໱࢈‫ݾ‬ঢ়‫ٿ‬ຠᘟуȄӱԫȂᜱܼ᏾ࡤߒ෉ѯᢋ๼ऽԄեᇰᜌϜ୾Ȃ஡੽ ࡠѫНӕ՘ଇ፤Ȅ Сଅ࢑ᕤ၍ଅлঐ΢Ңࣁစᡜ‫ޠ‬२्ᚡ؆Ȃ௄ձঢ়Сଅ၈ࠍѠΚᑜձঢ়Ꭸ ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭ‫ڸ‬഻ձᐤโȂпίၑ൸Ȯ֗ሁसСଅȯ43ᇅȮུ֕ᄹСଅӓ໲ȯ44᏾ਣС ଅ‫ޠ‬ϲৡ࣐ՄᄇᄈຬȂၑშᚅఽуউ᏾ਣȶМ٦ȷᎨ᠟‫ޠ‬ᄃር௒‫ݸ‬Ȅ Ȯ֗ሁसСଅȯ Ȟ1942ʂ1944ȟቹܼЋ҂ࢸ᏾‫ލ‬ᛗึࡤȂ᏾‫ލ‬୞সԄЭԄೌ ӵ৥໡ϟርȄ਴ᐄСଅϲНȂѠ‫ޤ‬у‫ޠ‬᏾ਣ഻ձ௒‫ם‬ᇅᗋ᠟་ӪȄӱӵւϟ߰ уҼӪϜѶਫ‫׌‬আᎨᆤӬᚖᇭȮϜѶϵ፤ȯȃȮ‫׾‬ആȯȃȮН᛻ࢍऎȯ‫ڸ‬Н᛻ᚖᇭ ȮུዙȯȃȮ‫ܓޤ‬ȯ๊ȄӶ஠ਫᎨ᠟Р८Ȃуࠍпᔜቒ౪፤ᇅНᏱձ࣐ࠣᎨ᠟२ ᘉȂଷΠീ៕СҐНᏱ‫ڸ‬СណҐ‫ޠ‬зࣩНᏱϟѵȂᄈϜ୾༉ಜᔜቒȃ೾ߺϊᇴ Ҽ৥౫яା࡚‫ޠ‬ᑺ፹ȂឌԄȈ Ȯᗚቁଅȯ ȃ ȮԂ⌸༉ȯ ȃ Ȯੁ߇ਊȯ ȃ Ȯఽয়ΡԒଅȯȃ Ȯϭѡ‫ۊ‬ᢏȯ 45 ȃȮή୾‫ע‬ȯ๊ȂпІϜ୾౫хНᏱԄ‫ݔ‬ᇮஇ‫ޠ‬Ȯ‫ٶ‬๽ྮ໵ȯȃ 40. 41. 42 43. 44. 45. α؇‫ݾ܇‬ȂȲМ٦ᤦЗȳȂȮၒ΢᥊೾ᤐᤞМ٦НϾȯȞ‫ٶݎ‬ȈಒΚਫ‫ܙ‬Ȃ1941 Ԓ 9 УȟȂ ॳ 11Ȅ ାҥ઎‫ݾ‬ȂȲМ٦ࡧདྷᤦឹ‫ڦ‬ᤣ൸᣼ᤞȳȂȮМ٦ࡧདྷᤦः‫ف‬ȯ Ȟ‫ٶݎ‬ȈࢍऎަȂ1943 Ԓ 11 УȟȂॳ 578Ȅ Ұ᛾γЋȂȮጾϮҰȯȞ‫ٶݎ‬ȈࢍऎަȂ1937 Ԓ 1 УȟȄ ֗ሁसȂȮ֗ሁसСଅȯȞѯࠓȈ୾ҴѯᢋНᏱᓣȂ2004 ԒȟȄҐН୥ՄណНȂѫ՘‫׾‬ណ ഌϸȂНೱ์޲Ս॓Ȅ ུ֕ᄹȂȮུ֕ᄹСଅӓ໲ȯȞѯࠓȈ୾ҴѯᢋНᏱᓣȂ2007 ԒȟȄҐН୥ՄណНȂѫ՘ ‫׾‬ណഌϸȂНೱ์޲Ս॓Ȅ ӶȮѯᢋНᏱȯಒ 3 ‫ڣ‬ಒ 2 ဵ‫ڸ‬ಒ 3 ‫ڣ‬ಒ 3 ဵϜѠُఽЬਫ‫ܛۺ‬я‫ޠޏ‬Ȯϭѡ‫ۊ‬ᢏȯ‫ޠ‬ ኅ֚Ȃኅ֚НȲ຀޲ᤦّဩȳϜᗚ੬ӵණ‫ژ‬Ȉȶ౫Ӷ࢑τᖑ੾‫࡛ٴݎུڴ‬೪‫ޠ‬ਣхȂ࣐Π.

(15) ᏾ࠊѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφᎨ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭ! пѯᢋСᇮձঢ়࣐ϜЗ! 47. Ճ޿‫ޠ‬ȮᓪᎹಉφȯ๊СណҐȄ࿌ਣᗷϑԥ‫ݓݙ‬हЊណ‫ޠ‬Ȯकዃჳȯ Ȟ‫ݱۮ‬Н৳Ȃ Ȃ೼‫ܗ‬೩ᇅу‫ޠ‬ඣቹѯᢋ΢ঢ়ఋҢ 1940 Ԓȟ46Ȃկ֗ሁसҼॏฬᙛណȮकዃჳȯ ࣁ‫ޠ‬഻ձлᚡԥ‫ڐ‬ϲӶᜱ߾Ȅ ᏾ਣ֗ሁसӶСଅϜّ݃Ȃ‫ו‬గᙥҦȶԥᜱϜ୾‫ޠ‬ਫᝳᎨ᠟Ȃ‫ࣽٿ‬ᇄᢋҢ ࣁȷȞ1943 Ԓ 2 У 10 СȟȂկӱᇮّ‫ڸ‬ណҐ‫ޠ‬४‫ښ‬Ȃ‫ٻ‬ூу‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟ᚡ؆τഎࠂ ४ܼѡ‫ڑ‬೾ߺϊᇴȃᔜԣР८Ȃᄈܼ౫хϜ୾ϊᇴ‫ޠ‬ਗ਼ᘹࠍၷЎȄӤਣȂуη Щၷ‫ݎ‬՚РϊᇴᇅСҐϊᇴ໣‫ޠ‬ৰ౵Ȃᇰ࣐ȶ฼጖ϊᇴ࿌пСҐ࣐ጓҐȂߞ጖ ϊᇴ࿌Ᏹ՚ࢸȃМ٦Ȅȷ Ȟ1943 Ԓ 5 У 22 СȟՅȶः‫ف‬Ϝ୾ߩ࣐ᏱୱՅ࢑‫ޠש‬ ဏଡ଼Ȃ࢑्‫ޤ‬ၿՍϐȄདྷቹӲᘫ‫ࢸݎ‬ȃҴܼ٘‫ޠࢸݎ‬Սញ‫ޠ‬ձࠣȄȷ Ȟ1943 Ԓ 6 У 7 СȟуӶ᏾ਣ‫ࢸݎ‬Ӳᘫ‫ࡧޠ‬དྷஆᙄίȂ৥໡‫״ڏ‬ց‫ޠܓ‬ȶМ٦ȷᎨ᠟Ȅଷ ԫϟѵȂуᄈܼ᏾ਣȶМ٦ȷ‫ࣻޠ‬ᜱ‫ޤ‬ᜌԄћᅮȅ৳ᛴȮМ٦΢੊፵ȯȞ1943 Ԓ 3 У 13 Сȟȃϣ۬‫߀ڮ‬ȮᅗМಭߺՄȯȞ1943 Ԓ 5 У 21 Сȟȃାҥ઎‫ݾ‬ȮМ ٦ࡧདྷᤦः‫ف‬ȯȞ1943 Ԓ 6 У 5 Сȟȃ҂঩іஇ຀ȮМ٦ࡧདྷѭȯȞᑺ‫ࡧٴ‬དྷӓ ໲ȟȞ1943 Ԓ 6 У 7 Сȟ๊Ҽໍ՘Ꭸ᠟Ȅ Ȯུ֕ᄹСଅӓ໲ȯ Ȟ1933ʂ1967ȟ‫ޠ‬ਣ໣ᐘၯᖃΩ᏾ࠊࡤȂଷΚΟήΥԒ ΚУକՎΚΟѳϥԒΥУпСᇮ࣐лȂ‫ڐ‬уࠍпϜН࣐лਣՅెᚖѯᇮᇮཋȄ ҐНᙥҦ‫ތ‬ਸ᏾ࠊСଅȂѠ౲ᑜу‫ޠ‬ȶМ٦ȷᎨ᠟ȄϜС᏾‫ލ‬ᛗึࡤӶѯϜН შਫ‫ޠ‬я‫ޏ‬ංоϛѠ૗ȂτӼѬ૗пСНቹձя‫ޏ‬Ȃ࿌ਣѯᢋձঢ়෇஡Κ‫ٳ‬Ϝ ୾ѡ‫ڑ‬ӫ຀ᙛណԚСНя‫ޏ‬ȂԄ༂ூਣ‫׾‬ណȮЬ⦦༉ȯ Ȃ໊྇ᙛណȮή୾ᅌဏȯȂ ቔႳ⛑Ȯ۱ॵȯȃ༂ۡဦᙛណȮФ៍௄ॗȯ๊ 47ȂѯᢋུНᏱձঢ়উၑშ௄࿲ң ᅖН࢈๋‫ޠ‬ᖂራϜȂ৥໡Ϝ୾೾ߺҪၘϊᇴ‫ޠ‬СណȂՅԄԫ‫ޠ‬Сណࣁ୞ϟ‫ܛ‬п Ѡ૗Ȃϛѵо࢑‫ژڨ‬᏾ਣȶМ٦ȷя‫ޏ‬ᕘძ‫ޠ‬ኈ៫Ȅӱ࣐਴ᐄ༂ூਣ‫׾‬ណ‫ޠ‬ȮЬ ⦦༉ȯຨ፞᠟޲‫ޠ‬ኅ֚ມȶ࣐Πᕤ၍М٦਴ᐄу‫ޠ‬хߓ‫ܓ‬НᏱᕤ၍ѻ‫ޠ‬Ңࣁ‫ڸ‬ ࡧདྷ࢑ഷ૗ដІ઎ࣻ‫ޠ‬ȄȷѠᑜூя‫ޠަޏ‬я‫ޏ‬୞ᐡȞȮѯᢋНᏱȯಒ 3 ‫ڣ‬ಒ 2. 46. 47. ‫׈‬Ԛ೼ঐҭ‫ޠ‬Ȃᄈܼഷτ‫ޠ‬᎒୾Ϝ୾‫ש‬উூ‫؂‬ђΠ၍ȄȷѠُԫਫ‫ึޠ‬՘Ξ࢑҉຀ȶτ ‫࡛ٴݎ‬೪ȷϟӫဏȂຼԫਣ༗Յ௱я‫ޠ‬ណձȄ ဩҰᕀܼȲС‫ݾ‬ਣхȮकዃჳȯӶѯᢋȳϜȂፚ‫ژ‬஼౐Ϲȃ֗ሁसፚႇᎨ᠟Ȯकዃჳȯ ‫ޠ‬စᡜȂԫѵуҐ΢ᇅ‫ۏ‬φҼࣲᎨ᠟ႇ‫ݱۮ‬Н৳‫ޠ‬Ȯकዃჳȯ‫ޠ‬СណҐȄ୥ُဩҰᕀȂ Ȯଢ ᏺНᏱྒУȯȞѯіȈΟᅉȂ1999 Ԓ 8 УȟȄ ٛኅ୊ȂȮѯᢋя‫ޏ‬ѭȯȞҰঢ়ೆҀȈ‫ݭ‬іఁ‫ي‬я‫ަޏ‬Ȃ2001 Ԓ 5 УȟȂॳ 16Ȅ.

(16) 48! ȮѯᢋНᏱᏱൣȯಒΫϳ෉. ဵȟ ȄՅఽЬਫ‫ۺ‬ҼӶпѯᢋձঢ়࣐л‫ޠ‬ȮѯᢋНᏱȯαёีէ᛾ࢍЊណ‫ݨ‬Ȯ҂ ‫־‬༉ȯ ȞȮѯᢋНᏱȯಒ 4 ‫ڣ‬ಒ 1 ဵȂॳ 47ȟȃϜ৭۟৭ណጢȮ‫׾‬ॐ՚ၾଅȯ Ȟॳ 94ȟ‫ޠ‬ኅ֚Ȅ Ȯུ֕ᄹСଅӓ໲ȯϜଅၸȶѯᢋ᛻೛ަӱя‫ޏ‬Ȯ՚ၾଅȯՅτᗉ ΠᓁȄӱԫу᜺ӶНϾР८ៃࣙΚ‫ٳ‬ณ‫ܛ‬ᒞȷȞ1942 Ԓ 8 У 16 СȟȂέȶ‫ڸ‬৹ ఽӢȃ༂۹Ҩ‫ڎ‬՞‫ڸ‬Яᒒȃ‫ֳש‬ӶࡋᢉಯЉȂसณ‫ޠٲڐ‬ӶፚȮή୾ᇭȯȃȮЬ ⦦༉ȯȄȷȞ1942 Ԓ 4 У 15 СȟѠُȂ᏾ਣ࣐ᅗ٘Ϝ୾ѡ‫ڑ‬Ҫၘϊᇴ᠟޲ထ‫ޠ‬ ሰؒȂСណҐ෇඾ႈࢻ೾ܼѯᢋ৭ϲ‫ޠ‬᠟ਫҀൠϜȄ ৭ϲ‫ޠ‬СណϜ୾೾ߺϊᇴᗷӼЎᅗ٘Ꭸ᠟ȶМ٦ȷ‫ޠ‬ኔగȂկུ֕ᄹϬಭ ᄜ‫ޣ‬௦Ӫϲӵя‫ަޏ‬໐ᗋਫᝳȂ‫ܗ‬፝۩՟ܼСҐϲӵ‫ޠ‬ᒒЅхᗋȶМ٦ȷࣻᜱ ਫᝳȂឌԄȈ Ȯ୳‫ޑ‬ѭᢏМ٦ѭȯȃ ȮМ٦ѡхަཽѭ፤ȯȃ Ȯ֏୾ᇅ֏Җȯȃ ȮٖՔ М٦ȯȃȮ‫ࢸݎ‬ѡхНϾѭፚȯȃȮМ٦ᚃᏱѭȯȃȮጾϮҰȯȃȮМ٦ІᤫМ٦΢ȯȃ Ȯ౫хМ٦‫״‬ຠȯ๊ȄӤਣȂ௄СଅϲৡѠད‫ژڨ‬ϜС໡᏾ϟርུ֕ᄹ‫ޠ‬शඏ ЗძȂՅᎨ᠟࢑у௷ል‫׼‬᢯ᕤ၍᏾‫ޠݸ‬КࢳϟΚȄу‫ޠ‬ȶМ٦ȷᎨ᠟ࣁ୞ᇅС Ґ᏾ਣя‫ޏ‬ཿ޲ԥ‫ق‬ಜӵя‫ޏ‬ȶМ٦ȷࣻᜱः‫ف‬ਫᝳԥ‫ڐ‬ஞϹ‫ޠ‬ᜱ߾Ȅ ΚΟήΝԒࡤᅖНᎨ᠟΢πຉᕼȂѯ΢ഇႇϜНᕖ‫ڦ‬Ϝ୾‫ޤ‬ᜌ‫ޠ‬ၰ৸‫ژڨ‬ ߣᛥȂ௄СଅᎨ᠟ቻᐤѠ‫ޤ‬Ȃ෦Җӵ‫ޤޠ‬ᜌӌφ୳ԥӊᒧࡕ୾ᒶᐆ‫ޠܓ‬НϾណ Ϯя‫ޏ‬ȂР૗‫ڦ‬ூϜ୾НϾȃᐤѭ๊ࣻᜱၦଊȄ८ᄈϜС᏾‫ލ‬ᛗึࡤȂ Ȯུ֕ᄹ Сଅӓ໲ȯϜଅၸ຀Ȉ! ‫ؑש‬Ԫ᠟ਫȂ߰ᄈՍϐ‫ޠ‬ᆡઢቬဤད‫ژ‬ՍೱȂདო೼ਣх‫ޠ‬शඏᇅ՘୞ ‫ޠ‬ณΩȄϭକ‫ڎ‬ήЉϲȂ‫؛‬З᠟ખȮ୳‫ޑ‬ѭᢏМ٦ѭȯȄ 48 ‫ש‬উࣻ߭ᐤѭ࢑‫ݱ‬୞‫ޠ‬Ȃ౫ӶҔ೏ܼ‫ۼݱ‬ȂίΚ‫ཽ҇ݱ‬Ӷ‫ݱ‬৬ȊӱԫȂ ‫ש‬উ஡዆ᢏӵӶίΚঐਣхߕ௦‫ݡ‬ൊ‫ڸޠ‬҂ϟ‫ٿژ‬Ȅ 49. 48 49. 1938 Ԓ 1 У 15 СȄЖՍȈུ֕ᄹȂȮུ֕ᄹСଅӓ໲ 2ȯȂॳ 11Ȅ 1938 Ԓ 1 У 20 СȄя೏ӤαພȂॳ 13Ȅ.

(17) ᏾ࠊѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφᎨ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭ! пѯᢋСᇮձঢ়࣐ϜЗ! 49. ‫ڐ‬ϜȂѠ‫ޤ‬ϜС᏾‫ލ‬ਣѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφַᚖӶ෦Җۡл୾ᇅડ୾໣‫ޠ‬ᔎ‫׋‬೏ ძ‫ڸ‬ณ‫ۋ‬དȂଷΠࣻ߭‫ڸ‬҂֊஡‫ٿژ‬ϟѵȂഇႇᎨ᠟ᇰᜌȶМ٦ȷη࢑уউᆤ ᢏӓ஀ԋႴՍ‫ޠש‬Р‫ݳ‬ϟΚȄСଅϜу‫ّޣ‬ঐ΢᠟ࡤད‫ڸ‬ਫຠȂឌԄȈ ᠟‫ݔ׈‬ᇮஇ‫ޠ‬Ȯ֏୾ᇅ֏Җȯ Ȅԫਫ‫ٯ‬ณԄ‫ޠࡠ෉ש‬๞‫ש‬উԂఁᇶȄ୳Κ ‫࢑ޠ݉ڄ‬ձ޲‫ޠ‬ീᜌᇅᄈϜ୾Җఋ‫ુޠ‬ᘉ‫׿‬ᔟூᡞณ‫׈‬ጴȄᗷดуΚӕ ණএϜ୾‫ڿ‬ԥНϾȂկഷࡤ྄Ωл஼Ϝ୾୳ԥ‫ݾݳ‬Ϙ૗ூఀȄԫᇴц΢ ད݉Ȅसᇴ‫ש‬᠟ԫਫ‫ޠ‬དདྷȂࠍΚّпጷϟȈϜ୾ҖఋϛཽκȄ 50 ࡅᅮල‫ޠ‬ȮзࣩНϾѭτ‫ق‬ȯȃ഍‫ݲ‬स‫ޠ‬ȮϜ୾ѡхަཽः‫ف‬ȯȃ‫ڸ‬೼Ґ Ұώήѳॣ‫ޠ‬Ȯ‫ࢸݎ‬ѡхНϾѭፚȯ Ȃ࢑‫ש‬ᐤѭः‫ف‬ϟ਴ྜᇅНϾᇰ‫ޤ‬ϟ ਫᝳ֒Ȅ 51 ϭЉ᠟‫׈‬ΠҰγ᛾Ћ຀ȮጾϮҰȯȄ࢓Љ᠟ႇ‫ޠ‬Ȯ‫ؚ‬ӑምȯ຀२ܼСМ‫ٲ‬ ᡑࡤȂՅ೼ҐȮጾϮҰȯࠍቹ‫ٲ‬ᡑϟࠊȄ‫޲ڎ‬എпСҐ΢ࡋᢏϵ҂‫ޠ‬Ҵൠ ୉Ҕጃ‫ޠ‬ຠ༉ȄȮ‫ؚ‬ӑምȯ‫ޠ‬ձ޲ᆏ‫ؚ‬ӑም࣐ဒ΢ȂՅȮጾϮҰȯ‫ޠ‬ձ޲ ࠍᆏጾϮҰ࣐୊΢ȂѠᒞԂᄈᆏȄ೼ဒ΢‫ڸ‬୊΢Ԅϭөٗө‫ޠ‬ၰՅѿѢΠ Ϝ୾‫ڽޠ‬ၽȂέѠᇴ࢑࡟ᒟ‫ڗ‬Ȅ‫ש‬དྷᇅ‫ڐ‬ᆏуউ࣐ဒ΢ȃ୊΢ȂঈϛԄп ऽ໱࢈‫ݾ‬ঢ়‫ٿ‬ூຯϹȄԫΡ΢஡пөՍ‫ޠ‬੬ߞȂ‫ٿ‬೏౪Ϝ୾‫ޠ‬ґ‫ٿ‬Ȅ 52 ϭЉηԞ‫ژ‬ϜѶϵ፤ަ஛‫׏ޠٿ‬஧‫ؿ‬ᄃ‫ޠ‬Ȯ౫хМ٦‫״‬ຠȯ‫ڸ‬؇α‫ޤ‬՘ ‫ޠ‬ȮМ٦ᇅМ٦΢ȯ‫ڎ‬ਫȄᡚ೦ܼӠ‫ږ‬၇ॐ‫ޠ‬ᆡजȄࠊ޲຀ಂܼ࢈‫ݾ‬ȃ စᔽР८ȇࡤ޲࢑ަཽНϾР८‫ޠ‬፤ख़എᇅМ٦ୱᚡࣻᜱȂ࢑‫ש‬ན᠟‫ޠ‬ ਫȄѠᒞ౫хСҐ‫ޠ‬М٦೾‫ޠ‬ᚗᘺȄ 53. 50 51 52 53. 1939 Ԓ 1939 Ԓ 1940 Ԓ 1940 Ԓ. 4У 8У 6У 7У. 20 СȄЖՍȈུ֕ᄹȂȮུ֕ᄹСଅӓ໲ 3ȯȂॳ 63Ȅ 15 СȄя೏ӤαພȂॳ 110Ȅ 10 СȄЖՍȈུ֕ᄹȂȮུ֕ᄹСଅӓ໲ 4ȯȂॳ 73Ȅ 12 СȄя೏ӤαພȂॳ 86Ȅ.

(18) 50! ȮѯᢋНᏱᏱൣȯಒΫϳ෉. ϭЉ᠟‫׈‬Πէ᛾ࢍЊ‫ޠ‬ȮМ٦ᚖଅȯ Ȅԫ΢౪၍М٦НȂནМ٦‫ޠ‬ၒȂկ ϛᕤ၍М٦೼ঐ୾ ঢ়Ȃηϛൊ М٦΢Ȃ೼࢑ࡪ 䈥 ΚӲ‫ٲ‬ȉᗷดԄԫȂ ‫ש‬ηӼЎೞᎵԚནਮ᠟ၒ‫ޠ‬З௒Ȃկᄈܼ፳‫ך‬НԆ‫ޠ‬ᓎ์࡟ϛൊ Ȅ 54 ਴ᐄαख़Жख़ȂѠ‫ޤ‬࣐ٙ෦Җӵѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφ‫ུ֕ޠ‬ᄹࣻ࿌ᜱЗ࿌ਣ‫ޠ‬Ϝ ୾௒༗ᇅ࢈‫ᙾ׌‬ᡑȂ‫ٯ‬༖ܼᄈϜ୾‫࢈ޠ‬စަཽȃᐤѭНϾໍ՘ӓ८౐Τ‫ޠ‬ᇰᜌ ᇅᕤ၍ȂࣦՎଅख़Ϝ୾Ӕ౱ѭȮٖՔМ٦ȯ 55 Ҽ࢑ԥ‫ܛ‬ਗ਼ᘹȄᄈ࿌ਣ‫ޠ‬ӫ΢ጾ ϮҰ‫ؚڸ‬ӑምԥ‫ڐ‬ঐ΢‫ޠ‬ຠۢȄՅȶӲ៬Ϝ୾ᐤѭȂ‫ש‬೪ۢԄίΥဒȈࡕʝ‫ڻ‬ НеʝЍφʝՃφʝ؄зҖʝ؄Ҫʝ۱ॵʝ৙Нसᖟᇄᢋ‫ޠ‬ΚဒȈ᎓Ԛѓʝӕ ђα౫х‫ޠ‬፣ȈɒɒɒࠍѠԚ࣐ΫဒȄȷ Ȟ1939 Ԓ 6 У 23 СȟѠ‫ޤ‬Ȃ᏾ਣуᄈ Ϝ୾НϾᇰӤࣦ౐ȂࡧՄϜ୾НϾၿಜᡞ‫ق‬ਣȂҼ஡ѯᢋ‫ޠ‬ဒ΢ાΤ‫ڐ‬ϜȄӤ ਣȂη஡ၒч؄ҪાΤ‫ڐ‬ϜȂѠ‫ޤ‬уᄈၒ΢‫ޠ‬२ຝโ࡚ȄᖃϟȂуӶᎨ᠟ȶМ ٦ȷ‫ޠ‬ӤਣȂҼᄈѯᢋ‫ޠ‬ґ‫ڽٿ‬ၽӼ‫ࡧܛ‬ՄȄ еၒ౧Ӷу‫ޠ‬ӲᏺН 56 Ϝ࡟ఽྀӵϼ୛яѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφԄեഇႇϜНਫᝳ ᇅСНਫᝳȂಜӬӼᇮ‫ޤޠ‬ᜌ‫ྜٿ‬ၰ৸௄Յ࡛ᄻՍϐ‫ޤޠ‬ᜌᡞ‫ق‬Ȅԥᜱѵ୾Н Ᏹ‫ޠ‬ᙛណȂу‫ٯ‬ϛ᠟ϜНណҐȂՅᒶ᠟СណҐȄӶϜ୾౫хНᏱР८Ȃеၒ౧ ഷዤோᗚ࢑ᏈٟȂӱԥ‫ؾ‬ცᅖН‫ޠ‬ᏱᎵஆᙄ‫ٻ‬уூп‫ޣ‬௦Ꭸ᠟Ꮘٟ‫ޠ‬ᚖདȃ। ႁЊ‫ޠ‬Ȳ‫౏ؗ‬ȳ๊Ȅуᗷη෇ၑშᙛណळࣾ‫ޠ‬Ȳφ‫ۈ‬ȳ ȂկѬᙛណΠංॳȂ߰ӱ ࠊ‫܂‬Ϝ୾Յ୅์Ȅ஼э߀Ҽ෇ӶȮѯᢋНᏱȯαСណՃ޿Ȳᚕகȳ‫ޠ‬ಒΚȃΡ ത 57 Ȃկӱё‫ޑ‬୅ёՅձጬȄѠُȂϜ୾౫хНᏱଷΠᏈٟНᏱϟѵȂ᏾ਣӶ ѯ‫ޠ‬СណҐ༉ክϛծѡ‫ڑ‬೾ߺϊᇴНᏱ٦ૢዦ๝ȄՅ೼޷Ӷѯѡ‫ڑ‬೾ߺϊᇴ‫ޠ‬ ᙛណዦᇅѯᢋτಁНᏱϟ໣‫ޠ‬ᜱ߾ȂࠍԥࡠໍΚؐᚅఽȄ αख़‫ޠ‬Ȯ֗ሁसСଅȯ‫ڸ‬Ȯུ֕ᄹСଅӓ໲ȯϜ‫ܛ‬ණІ‫ޠ‬ȶМ٦ȷਫᝳя ‫ޏ‬ԒӌȂτഎ࢑ӶΚΟήΝԒϜС᏾‫ލ‬ᛗึࡤѳɒԒхࠊљ‫ޠ‬я‫ࠣޏ‬ȄӱԫѠ ‫ޤ‬уউ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟‫ڦ‬Ӫᇅӱ᏾‫ލ‬Յึ৥я‫ޠ‬ȶМ٦ȷ‫ޤ‬ᜌ‫ޠ‬я‫ޏ‬༉ክȂԥ຀ஞϹ‫ޠ‬ 54 55 56. 57. 1943 Ԓ 9 У 12 СȄЖՍȈུ֕ᄹȂȮུ֕ᄹСଅӓ໲ 7ȯȂॳ 83Ȅ τεߴ҅ΚȂȮٖՔМ٦ȯȞ‫ٶݎ‬ȈାύਫଲȂ1938 ԒȟȄ ί؇ձԪॣጢȃጿܿႁណȂȲеၒ౧ӒҢπख़Ӳᏺᓄ˕˕пНᏱ࣐ϜЗȳȂȮ५ࡔఽςȈе ၒ౧ᒶ໲ȯȞ҅НᓣȂ1996 Ԓ 11 УȟȄ Ճ޿຀Ȃ஼э߀ណȂ Ȳᚕகȳ ȞಒΚതȃಒΡതȟ Ȃ ȮѯᢋНᏱȯಒ 3 ‫ڣ‬ಒ 3 ဵȞ1943 Ԓ 7 УȟȄ.

(19) ᏾ࠊѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφᎨ᠟‫ؾ‬ѭ! пѯᢋСᇮձঢ়࣐ϜЗ! 51. ᜱ߾ȄΚΟήΝԒӶѯᗷดᅖНើೞኁЦȂпϜН༉ሏϜ୾ѡ‫ܗڑ‬౫хНᏱ‫ޠ‬ ၦଊଠၰ‫ߣڨ‬Ȃկ࢑ѻউࠔᙾпСН࣐൭Ϯ᝸៊‫ٻ‬Ϝ୾‫ޤ‬ᜌӶѯᢋНᏱൠ஀Ϝ ࢻ೾ȄᗷดΚϹ‫ޠ‬ȶߗхȷ‫ޤ‬ᜌೞСᇮ‫ܛ‬ಜ༁Ȃկ෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφࠔւңСҐ ࣁ๝‫ޠ‬я‫ࢻޏ‬೾Ȃ᏾ਣȶМ٦ȷя‫ޠޏ‬ԥւ఩ӈȂ൷ؒѫΚᆎᕖூȶϜ୾ȷ‫ޤ‬ ᜌᎨ᠟༉ክ‫ޠ‬ၰ৸Ȃ࡛ᄻ឵ܼуউ‫ޠ‬ᆡઢ‫ق‬ᜋȄ. ʽȮ⃌⦝ ȶ༬Ґȷӓ໲ȃН৳Ґᅗ٘෦Җӵձঢ়Ꭸ᠟зࣩНᏱ‫ࡧڸ‬ዙ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟ኔగȂ ණ‫ٽ‬уউತᑗНϾၦҐ‫ޑޠ‬፵఩ӈȄ௄ձঢ়‫ޠ‬ᙡਫȃ೥ፚȃСଅϜ٘пᑜُу উഌϸ‫ޠ‬Ꭸ᠟՘࣐‫ڸ‬Ꭸ᠟စᐤȄՅ౫ԇ‫ޠ‬෦Җӵձঢ়‫ޠ‬ਫ‫ܙ‬ᙡਫቌঅϛ൑࢑ਫ ᝳ‫ޑ‬ᡞҐٙȂӤਣη੽ԇࡕ୾‫ޤ‬ᜌᡞ‫ق‬Ӷ෦Җӵࢻҁȃክ᎑ȃ৥ᅌ‫ޠ‬ཏဏȄ ᏾ࠊѯᢋձঢ়‫ޠ‬ᙛណࣁ୞ȂࣻၷܼϜ୾౫хНᏱձঢ়Ꮘٟȃ‫ڻ‬ձ΢ȃळࣾ ๊΢ȂयΩܼᙛណϏձ޲‫ٯ‬ϛӼȂଷΠѯᢋ᠟ਫ੒ຳҀൠ೤ዂϛτϟѵȂηᇅ ѯᢋ᠟޲‫ڏ‬ϜН‫ܗ‬СНѵᇮ૗ΩԥᜱȂуউѠп‫ޣ‬௦আֆϜណҐ‫࢑ܗ‬СណҐȂ τ໕Ꭸ᠟зࣩНᏱȂӱՅᙛណ‫ܓ्҇ޠ‬Їೞࠉ৶ȄណҐ‫ࢻޠ‬೾ӱ᏾‫ޠލ‬ᜱ߾Ȃ ‫ٻ‬ூᒰѯ‫ޠ‬ϜСណҐӶ኶໕α҇ԥ‫ܛ‬੒ߞȄӱ᠟޲ఁ‫ي‬नෂ‫ڸ‬зх‫ޠ‬ৰ౵ȂԄ ‫ڨ‬ႇ‫ؾ‬ცᅖНఁ‫ڨ෇ٯي‬ႇϜ୾ҪၘНࣀᙅ‫ޠ‬зхȞԄᒧ‫๊ڸ‬΢ȟ ȇ‫׈‬ӓпСᇮ ഻ձ‫ޠ‬СᇮзхȞԄ஼Нᕘȃ֗ሁसȃᓹ࿊๊ۡ΢ȟ ȇၯᇮзхȞԄဩҰᕀȃ‫ݔ‬ ՝੏ȃചξ‫๊ݢ‬΢ȟ ȂᄈណҐ‫ޠ‬ᒶңࣲ‫ڨ‬४ܼঐ΢ᄈϜСН‫ޠ‬ዤ࿸࡚ՅϤ౵Ȃ‫ڐ‬ Ϝ᏾ࡤ‫ޠ‬ၯᇮзхϛЎ࢑ᙥҦϜណҐᏱಭϜНȄ᏾ࡤߒ෉ᚖᇭࣦՎпϜСНᄈ ྲጢ௷РԓȂԄȮུུȯȃȮϜ๽ȯ๊ȂՅϜСᄈྲណҐȂԄ‫ݎ‬๽ਫ‫׌‬я‫ޠޏ‬Ϝ СНᄈྲН᛻ᘏਫȂଷΠ‫ؖ‬௄Н‫ޠ‬ձࠣϟѵȂҦ໊྇Κ΢ኞΩໍ՘СណϜ୾ή ɒԒхձঢ়Ȃഇႇᙛណࣁ୞ᙾϮϜȃСНϾȄѠُȂѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφӶঐ΢‫ޤޠ‬ ᜌᡞ‫࡛ޠق‬ဋࣁ୞‫ܗ‬ၯᇮࣁ୞ϜȂᇅណҐ‫ޠ‬ᒶ᠟ԥ‫ࣻڐ‬࿌ஞϹ‫ޠ‬ᜱ߾Ȅ ѯᢋུНᏱၽ୞ϜȂᗷดձঢ়τഎআֆϜណҐ‫ڸ‬СណҐτ໕‫ڦؤ‬зࣩНᏱ ‫ޠ‬ᎵϸȂկ࢑Ԅᒧ‫ڸ‬ȃ໊྇ȃ஼‫ש‬ॗ๊΢ࠔ෇ᑗ྄ӵ‫׺‬ΤណϮѵ୾НᏱࡧዙ 58Ȅ 58. ᎔ኌ਀ȂȮСᐄਣ෉ѵ‫ࡧٿ‬ዙ‫ޠ‬ណϮः‫ف‬Ȉпᒧ‫ڸ‬ȃ໊྇ȃ஼‫ש‬ॗ࣐ϜЗȯȞུԽȈ୾Ҵ.

(20) 52! ȮѯᢋНᏱᏱൣȯಒΫϳ෉. կঅூ‫ݨ‬ཏ‫࢑ޠ‬ѯᢋНᏱӶНϾ౫хϾ‫ޠ‬ႇโϜȂ࣐ၑშ੒၍СҐϜЗѺѯᢋ ᜟጣ‫ޠ‬෦Җᜱ߾ȂၑშআȶСᇮȷϟ߰ȂໍΤзࣩНᏱϟ‫ݔ‬Ȅ᏾ਣӶτ‫ٴݎ‬Ӕ ᄹ୽‫ޠ‬τ㞑ί஼࢒࡛ηཏᜌ‫ژ‬ᙛណНᏱӶѯᢋНᏱൠ஀Ϝ‫ޠ‬२्‫ܓ‬Ȃуᇰ࣐ȶҐ ৭࣐ߴԥձ࣐ࠓРӔᄹ୽ஆӵ‫ޠ‬ኻφȂϭࡤ஡यΩܼᑀՍНϾ‫ޠ‬഻ആȂߩூණ Ё৭Җ‫ޠ‬ΚૢҢࣁ‫ژ‬зࣩЬྦϛѠȄՅйᠨܼҐ৭‫ޠ‬੬ੇ‫ܓ‬Ȃߩூॏฬਐᑺᙛ ណНϾϛѠȄȷ 59 ӤਣȂуηණІ஼౐Ϲ‫֗ڸ‬ሁसࣲ຀Кໍ՘ᙛណ‫ޠ‬ϏձȄѠ ‫ޤ‬ȂᖃΩ᏾ਣ෉‫ޠ‬ណϮࣁ୞ȃձঢ়‫ޠ‬഻ձᇅѯᢋНᏱ࡛ᄻՍ‫ש‬НϾлᡞȂή޲ ϟ໣ԥ຀ஞϛѠϸ‫ޠ‬ᜱ߾ȄՅ᏾‫ލ‬Ғ෉‫ޠ‬ណϮᇮّѬ૗ᒶᐆࡕ୾ᇮّСᇮȂณ ‫ٻݳ‬ңӶӵ‫ޠ‬ѯᢋၘНӲ㔴ȶτಁȷȂ‫ٻ‬ѯᢋၘНԚ࣐ໍΤఅ‫ٲ‬ቺԪ 60ȂណձѬ ૗ᅗ٘СᇮᎨ᠟ထ‫ޠ‬ሰؒȄ‫ޑ‬፵НϾᓎ຀ࡕ୾лဏΤлѯᢋ᠟ਫНϾҀൠϟ ࡤȂѯᢋ‫ޠ‬ណϮࣁ୞СᅛೞԞጢໍΤࡕ୾ᇮّНϾᡞ‫ق‬ϜȂࣻᄈܼԫ෦Җӵ঩ ԥᇮّȞϜНʝѯᢋၘНȟ‫ޠ‬ណϮࣁ୞‫ם؂‬ຉᕼȂႉ፤ഇႇᙛណࣁ୞ᕖ‫ڦ‬෦Җ ߗхϾ‫ޠ‬Սл‫ܓ‬ȄСᇮᎨ᠟ࣁ୞Ԛ࣐ѯᢋНϾ೾‫ߗ܂‬хϾ‫ޠ‬Κ఩२्ၰ৸Ȅ᏾ ࡤച቉࢈‫ۻ‬࿲ңСᇮϟ‫ܛ‬пЖକѯᢋ‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφ‫ޠ‬஽੩ЇኇȂϛѵо೼Κ఩ᇅз ࣩНϾ௦क़‫ޠ‬ၰ৸ೞᘟ๙Ȅ ࡕ୾я‫ޏ‬౱ཿࣩஆܼҐ՞лဏ‫ޑޠ‬፵ࢻ೾Ȃࠔཏѵ໡‫ܦ‬෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌߨԒᎨ ᠟ຝഐȂණ‫ٽ‬уউ໡ᗰ‫ޠ‬зࣩདྷ჌ȂӤਣη‫ם‬༮ΠΚഌϸ‫ޠ‬෦Җӵ‫ޤ‬ᜌᡞ‫ق‬Ȅ Ӷ೼‫ם‬༮‫ޠ‬ႇโϜȂуউ‫׈࢑ߩٯ‬ӓ࢑ೞ୞ӵ௦‫ڨ‬ȂӶ౫хϾ‫ໍޠ‬โϜȂഇႇ Ꭸ᠟ᑗತНϾၦҐȂᙾՅЇࣹ෦Җަཽᡞ‫ښ‬Ȃᄈࡕ୾৥໡‫״‬ցȄ࣐Πϛᡲѯᢋ ҐρНϾ‫׈‬ӓೞԞጢໍΤСҐНϾϜȂ஽።ѯᢋ‫ޠ‬ȶ੬ੇ‫ܓ‬ȷᇅ৥గґ‫ޠٿ‬ȶз ࣩ‫ܓ‬ȷȂ࢑уউᄜң‫ޠ‬፤ख़ዂԓȂ‫ו‬గпԫ‫ٿ‬၍੒෦Җਣ෉‫ٿ‬ՍӤϾၽ୞‫ޠ‬ᔇ ‫ښ‬ȂΞՎ᏾ࡤߒ෉ҼпӤኻ‫ޠ‬ዂԓ८ᄈϜ୾Ͼ‫ޠ‬࿌‫׌‬ᔇΩȄՅഇႇᚅఽуউ‫ޠ‬ Ꭸ᠟စᐤȂᑜُС‫ݾ‬ਣ෉‫ޤ‬ᜌӌφНϾఁᎵᑗತႇโȂуউӔӤևΩ౐Ͼ౫х ѯᢋНϾ‫٘ޠ‬ၭ߰ᡘூఽ඿ѠُȄ. 59 60. ఽ๽τᏱѯᢋНᏱः‫ܛف‬ᆉς፤НȂ2006 Ԓ 6 УȟȄ ஼࢒࡛ȂȲᙛណНᏱᤣᤜ᣼ᤞȳȂȮѯᢋНᏱȯಒ 2 ‫ڣ‬ಒ 1 ဵȞ1942 Ԓ 2 УȟȄ ചஊᙵȂȲҦఅ‫ٲ‬ȃᄈၘ‫ޠ‬Нᡞϸບ౫ຬ‫ٿ‬ᢏᄇ໑ρНᏱȈᙛណȃНᡞᇅߗхНᏱ‫ޠ‬Սл ‫ܓ‬ȳȂȮѯᢋНᏱ‫ࡧٴݎޠ‬ՄȯȞѯіȈINK Ӡ‫ڔ‬я‫ޏ‬ȟȂॳ 190-237Ȅ.

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戰前台灣知識份子閱讀私史 以台灣日語作家為中心

戰前台灣知識份子閱讀私史　以台灣日語作家為中心