一九九五年法國總統大選之研析

全文

(1)-iLiLE ~l!iU.t1t*~Z ilftff. 55. - it..it.. A. +* ~ ~*,1[*-iJ!~1d}f*if ~ (••*••~m••••. ~~. -. ••• ). -~~~~~*~~~k~,~~~~~~~~a~~~~a~ffl~~. ~~*m-~BJi o;#~. -R.P.R.). ~.~Jt. r ~~~JIl J (Rassemblement (Jacques Chirac). pour la Republique. JI~1i~~-T~.~:k~1t1i?J'\...:t.~. ~~.I6~7\~~~(i)'Ut7ti:~tl1it.I¥1~WTYI. ( Lionel Jospin ) ffij.~'JJJ. ~o~*~I¥1~~~@~~~rti:~~~J~~I¥1~*,~~~m~tl1it. ~~WHIMf (Francois Mitterrand) I¥1r15'mHI1f~1i~iflHfi'A -1lM~1¥1. o*~.~.~~.Mfa~zw.~~• • ~~~~fi'~~.~~l¥1a. Mfi• •-.M, • • ~ • • *~I¥1~~~~~~~.-~~o. - '\ i!i.1!:lpf !-lt1!1Jt"*'J Jf.·~.A~,ti. m.~1i~ifI1.f!. ' .MfffW:l.-t1¥ , ~EE1t~lU~~.im~ -1LAA1¥1iJI , ~:lr.l!P"fltt ( f!1I.f!~+=f'l¥1mJl! , .Mf"ilJ~-miiifjJ.11I! 0. , ~~Wl.Mf~~Jl1f ~1I1itfiNl~U.~. ' E:;fp"flttll~.1it (L'Assemblee nationale ) ) ~~~.~lt 1¥111~.1it(.~ffW:l.1i1¥) ,~ffij~*7~-~rti:~~~Jo-1L1L=~~JI ,1I~.1it~~,~~fiN.~~.~*~1tJJJ,~~Wl.Mf~ffijffh~~B~~(. Edouard Balladur) l:fHff.l11l! , :li!i:mt~=~ r ti:~~~ J I¥1~OO ®~~.Mf*~ , 0. -~OOm~~~Wlf.lMfB~M~~Jlff,~~OO~.I¥1~*~~~~.~rti:~~~. J 1¥1*.~~*~j~**I¥1~~~~. , ~[i'ij~~~H~1lMlIU&*~H~5IAtl: §. 0. -1LR=1¥,.~~.Mf~~~.~I¥1~~~~7f.1MfI¥1~• • ~o.f!~R*. mJl!: --~ifI1l1.Mfm1t~~~aM~.Z,ffW:l-t1¥o .f!~-tf'j{lj!l!I!ij$l¥1m I:fj :. --~ifI1l1.Mf~~f.@fj~.Z:fi~~Mjlftll~~. .aM~~:m.. '. 0. j{tl~Z.I¥1~=1lM&W:l a.fi~=.aM. .aM~~M.~ZfiNUl~~A. 1flU~JJU@fj~lt.f!~~ 0. ~~fftffg,r ,{I:fi~~. ( Mlt.~[i'ij alifJiI!l:fj:lf~TM.). ,$!ftl'~:lJll~. .aMo m~l:l¥1f.~ , fJG1I'HfJ!mf!II.Mf~.§flHjH*1t~~~~. '. fiN.~.~aM. .1¥1~~~fio~mfiN.~.~I¥1±~~~:fi=: itCD it®. J1t:m~"-litJ;;Iii1iI.tJ;;~ • •J!Ii'*;fjjZIE.'itM;lft~* liJ"tIII~f:tJl,. 0. 51 ~Le Mande, Ie 16 mai 1995, p.ll.. r -jtjt'::::'i¥tJ;;lii1iIfI.*lI1;Uti!i!l:"ffJitJl J , fIII• •iF!)'l!. ,. -t=4'liJJ,ji{'::::'=-I1!l-o. jfE-t=:.fj;~fnljllj. , ~Iii1iIA.

(2) ..... 34 ~. MJmgijfijf3i;. 56. ~~. m6 Wl. ..• •. ... ~m. '.~~®.~~. 841f 6 Yl. ~.~. ~. '.7.~a~z*,. E••Wffi.~.~~M~.~~ID •• ~.£.o (=)OOJj~II~!A..~*~$.#3L , ~.>fr9:~-{llf~~AtiJt£.-flj'ij~.1' •• ' /251rm.1-=r.-~ , .Mt~1Jo~•• =fIj'ij~m$J ( R~t£.-flj'ij•• !f.Zmrm~1m1'~ ~._flj'ij) '~.~.~••ID.~§~o ~M~~A~~~~OO,~.~II~.~m.~+~*~m~'R.~~-+~ ~~~II.~~H~0~.~W~~~.~~A,.Mtr9:~~E*~~~m~o~~, .d.~~~~~A,~.W~~~~W~II*'.~*'.~*'B.m~*,. 7HJi±~1t~~~Z:il.*~ 0 mlli~lt~~.~:111!~ 0 ~M~.~.~OO,.. •. 1I*.~••~~~0 ••• Z*,*.~M~*~ •. '0~~~'~MA~~MW~.ot£0 ••• L,-~OOIl~~.~.~~~Z. ~~'~~U'~.0~~~ ••~Z~*'*~~~Z~~~Z~.,-~OOIl*~ ~~M.~~~A-W.~.(ffi.~liW.@.)m~.~m.,.Mt~~. •••$. , ~1tfffi:1!\li~~1m1'jf~*~ ® lft7~' t£.-~1i •• , ~*.~--tW-+.~~~ (#J.~=T/\W.@.) ~ •••~.W~~W~Zli~.~.~~~A~~orm.~=TmW~+.~.(ffi .~-.~T=W.@.)~ ••• ~.W.~W~Zli~.~.~~~Ao~~. ~•• =flj'ij1i.~mf.il:~~A , lI*jtU.~ImT=W=+.~Il~ ( ffi.~m.-Tt\ W.@.)~~ ••• o~.:I11!,m80 •••.Mt$M7•• o~~A~.~~ •• ~.~MOO~~f-rZ¥ • .Mt:Wi$4lM ' ~.~~~1t1tfffi:~~Hr9:~jtEil~~~l! (~~.$*~.~~.Z ••• ~~~ZLm) ,lft~ •• M.~~d~o •• ~~.~Lmrm~,-nnli~-A+na~~~~,~.-flj'ij*~~A. ~~.~LM~~*~-.mT.~ •• n.nT.~.(ffi.~Im.liT.@.) o.-~~LmM~~~m~~-.ImT.~ •• _.-.MT.~.(ffi.~~. @.) o@mm8•• *~,~I1 ••~.~~.~~ffi.~.*o t£~fj}w.~m.~m1lf$lr~OO , .7~.~~~1t (Ie Conseil constitu tionnel).!f ±tr.M7~, ~~j!t~~~II.:iJlm1lf~~1t (la Commission nationale de controle de campagne electorale) ,*.~~-:I11!~.~m1lf~~ 1t ( la Commission locale de controle de campagne electorale ) *!f.1lf*~.~ ~. 0. m.~it~'~W0~tt. ..::. '\. 0. 1~J!tA~;i~!-aJ!t~1A,t[. ~~~.~ •• ~.-.'~.*~•• ~•••N••••~,:Wid~~A~. tt®. Jltlj{~.ffiu,.:::s116l'!e~. ,-jULli£p- JI Tn S WillliiAi'!<Jl'!.j$lM'1I;illc11t~l'i116iU~ o.OOLe Monde,. le 31 mars 1995, p.6.. tt@ .OOLe Monde,. le 31 mars 1995, p.6..

(3) -AAli.~~~.*~ZMfi. ~. $,~~*~~~~c~~,~m~~~~m~~T~~~~~mm~*~tl:@. (-}f!~*1fiiPlV-*~,W-~ ~ ttJH±.$5t~J.M~~. ' }]Ei1!nm~MI±I$:a*JL~ ~:a~~c. q~~~~~~~~~$~~~A'-nWm~~~~B~~~~~'~nwm ~.Jtt~JlJit4.~11f~~mi° Jtt1X*~~~-fft6~;tt.1Lh. UL~~A. l.m;*5l.-B~nH.~. rm I±IJ~jfJ~. , m~. 0. 2.B1.\lf±-~ff.J.M. ,. gf.. , *5Jlj~ : r ;tt.5f\lIlJM J .~®li;JA , Jtt1X1~~~:aiEA;~«. r ;tt.5f\lIlJM J. ,.~rm~, B~}]E~F~:aJ9f~«. rm1ilt5ItEUL.J.Mil1filiJt~-*.il5A'i~~rtflilS:~~. r ~~~'±IflJM J (Union. la democratie francaise D.D.F.) *j]5[*rml.k:)E~~ 3.• WT*-~{f~~*±lt:a ( P.S. ) :atilk$tlf(fl~~. ,. pour. 0. , .~:.fiH~Ult:aiEA;~. «ffij~~o. 4.iWJt? ( Jean-Marie Le Pen ) -~tIiliJt r II*~~ J ( Ie Front national - F.N. ). Z~1f:ati. 5.r~. ( Robert Hue) -~ r 1!1I;tt.~:a J ( p.e.F. ) z~ff:ati. 6.t\l.tf~ (. L.O. ). 0. Arlette Laguiller ) -~~II. z~ff:ati. r ~I./"'j:a J. 0. ( la Lutte ouvriere. 0. 7.iUtt~.~ ( Philippe de Villiers ) -lM.~1I ~.lt1JiU! ' J.!1(JI r ~II ~'±1flJ M J ~flz- r ~5f\l:a J (Ie Parti republicain-P.R.) f:tlt5IliJi r J~WT~5l.ff~ J (Traite de Maastricht- Xlll!1t7#l1lJM1f~ ) rm ~ ff&t:a , }]E~1l. r ~II. J 0. ( Ie Mouvement pour Ia France) ,rm~~.z~~~ 8.15C~ ( Dominique Voynet) -~f-t~ r~:a J (Les Verts) ~~j]~~ 9Jti*jfjif! (Jacques Cheminade) 1f.~?j!f$ , ~ r 1t7#l~I. J (Ie Parti Ouvrier Europeen-POE) 1!1I*$~.~~~.~~ 0. 0. 0. *.rm~,ft~~:a~~~A.#.~~tt:a~.~.~lk.~rm~~o~*~ ,*m~ • • 1f-~.~~~A~«.1!,~~&1fW~~.~,m~~~.flft~. *lt~~9i!:~fl1t~~~rmiEA;.~ ~~,_nWmm~. 0. :unJtt~Jlf1::nA;. •••• lk~~~5[*o. , -nW.~'Jfff.~~'±~. ~ T 16• • A}]E~¥*tm. ' *~.~iEJ:\.~iil#tE~Rtr:t\mJl g1te.)E~ Jtt;~ ,~7~~illi.*~.~~ • •j],*~:a~~.~~-UL~~Affij~~~~I±I~ 0. -UL~~~~~A~~~.oft~~~iJt~.,.U*.lk;tt.~:a,~1f~=~~~ At4.~~~. , Jttl~,*~:a~*~ , ~1~~Am*1Jfrm,* • • *tt ( Pierre Juquin ) tttE1Jfrm~• •~1W~r §ff~~. 0. -JLAA1¥jt~.~~. 0. tt® llJil-OOFram;ois Borella, Les partis politiques dans pp.55-81.. la France d'aujourd'hui(Paris: Le Seuil, 1990),.

(4) ' .. I .. 58. IY]IlUHi1f~. ~ 34 ~. ~6M. !. ~1.I841f 6 Jj. 'I··· ~ ~. m1LUL{~iXA#~ {iB}ttl~~-lX$iX. , ~l¥J:JiH!U!ltiXJt&~l¥J;l;OOfL , :tl1lJft;1lft1l,. :¥}JftN:w:~~. , Jt. 0. .iX.l¥J.mW~,~~~~.~•• ~ •• '~.AQ~~l¥J.',.UL.iX A$~lli~~~.~,~~ ••~~~~l¥J~&'~~~ftl¥Jn~~~~~o~~Jt El¥Jfb,m ' :tlllf!ill~ , ;9~X: ( ~7~itil&~'UtlXmii.tfil$:f1}..t.~ :P~l¥J,".;9~ ) ~}ttl% ~~~.mo®$ • ..t.,.*.*l¥JiX~W~,fi.*,iX.il&~M.B~~~~~ :"t~l¥J12t* 0 iE:tlIlf!f!illil&r€t1:ffll.i1f1E~I[.' ( Ie Centre d'etude de la vie Politique Fram;:aise ) ±{fJl1l~ (Pascal Perrineau) {Em-.:ti~1tJiJfiWtJTl¥J , f!liliX~ {Em-.l¥J:ti~~~*..t.~.~~~~JiJf~llil¥J-~m.ttl¥J:ti~ft~o~. -==- '\ -. Jlr.k .M... ~ a;. " ~J:. \'fl. ... ita 'k' ~ -.If'ilff''1::sL-i'f;:.:e:..,,·'Q -"I"- ~,~~-. ~R=+=am-.:ti~l¥J~*~A~®~;9~o±~~li•• l¥J~~*~S*Z =+=~-=::.l¥JiX~~:ilJft;1lft1ll¥JS*Z- +~Ap:gW14~~~-. ( tllt$NJ~-) ®:l:fI ~~*X.~.&~~.~.JiJf.l¥J.~*~~~,~W ••iX~ ••• l¥J.~o 0. *- :.-.tiIUa~ (Jm~=+'::'B). ~. }"Jf.l1t. :. 39,992,912. ~~t\t~AIt:. 31,345,794. • •$:. 21.62%. .~$:. 2.82%. fl~~It:. 30,462,633. il*lBA. 1-!J~1t. 1i~$(%). ~m~. 7,097,786. 23.30. litP€iJi:. 6,348,375. 20.84. l3tiL;ft. 5,658,796. 18.58. ~. ~. 4,570,838. 15.00. T. ~. 2,632,460. 8.64. tiLtf.. 1,615,552. 5.30. iUft!f~. 1,443,186. 4.74. pg. 1,010,681. 3.32. I!I*WJ1if.{. 84,959. 0.28. 1\1. tt® 3fl!JL'Express, Ie 13 avril 1995.M'tt!ijH,g*1~:i1IAz.:t~a:Jt ttCV 31KlLe Monde, Ie 26 avril 1995, p.lO. tt® J1t~.~1*-f&r:t:liI~r:t:~JliI.1tM'iE:a::0;(Pz.:i1I.j,;,t~jlij~fF '51 aLe Moade, Ie 28 avril 1995, p.lO. 0. 0. • ~.

(5) - JtJtE1fr!1J ~H\1f*lIz3iJft1T ~*. 59. •• ,m-.~~A~~r*~~~;. r~~~~~~*~,~m~~~~.~*k~~~~ilift,~~~~~~~o ~1r'~~Jjft;&~ rDlB&~~ E!.j)rttf.talH'ij·-fLAA1f:.t.tf*~ ~ ~ E!. M ( Raymond Barre ) -~ , :mt£m-~.~~t!t~it k , :11~i:mJ~~tl!~~m*1tiiflr~*ft~ 0 ••. .~~.t.tf.~~~,®~&m-.R.~~&.~A.~~~.~~ • •mHo. (=}a ~Z -1::;+ A~.=:.A~~~*iIH·&~!ik~Jm.t.tf~• •1~~-7X ( -fL:t\fL1f: Ji!:a~z-l::;+A~--I::;~.~) ,m~§wr~.~11f~&-fL-I::;[91f:' --fLA-1f:, -fLAA1f:-=:7X~~~* ( SjZ±1Jf.(.:n~r~ZA +1ift~) *~JtU1PPP.1~7~~ Jatl!. 0. ffiili~Y~~~.~wr.~~~m~~~o. (~*tH'-~fL-I::;-I::;1f:-I::;}j ~H ~;f;lJlU.~-JJ{~$. , t£~~ a wr~--1I~JP:I pg , ~ H~.~*.~;f; • • • ~~.**~d~~o~£.z§~~,-~m.~~ • • • • •~.~~~rm.~;f;lJlU.jjlj11til:~iiJt~~~JfldtlJH , =~m~lJrm~~t£ • • ~~._ • • ~~*• • • dm.zft~,rm.~~iliW.R~~~-.oJaJJ{. ~Ji!:flllllf~~m.~ffHtznl ~WT*t£m-.~~~m-rm.~;f;lJlU• • ~& • • ~Wi uUft;tl!~ YJi!:~~JjJa 11 f;5I ~ ~~. _~~:fJJ~~f~a~z+1i~~~1l'4'-~m~~1itft .1l'k, ¥JJ~t£-fLA A1f:~~~~~e~.A~;&Jl (a~z+lrnl'i=fL~~., f.jF~IJm[9) !it;r, r m~~~Jt£-fLfL-=:1f:-=:}j~m~ • • ~.~tl!~a~z+=I'i1i~~.o~~, .:fJJ~~~~tl!iiJ7M.~m.~~M&tl.~~~.~ • • ttofi1f:*,~m~. Ao~~ , ;r• • ~tl!~~1!!fi~ , ~7ii!JVt~~ti*~r,,'.Z;r , £tit±.~~iI:~ • • (*• • ~~mU*A.#.,.~Ao • • ~m~~~•••~) °ft'~~ • •iIU&.mm:@r..' . , m:m~4tR~1Iif*~~• • df.jFJl;~ • • PfE~~~~ r fJ ~~~ J JtU~ili~~i~H,~R*'I~~1ti ( ~u±5&#ff;r • • ~:i!@lJjj{m:i1!!. ' .~m.~. ~~m.~.#~• • ;~m*• • ~~~fJA~SjZ• • ~~*JJ{tl• • ~ • • • ) , f;5Irmtl!IIlk'317~Y~~~ @ ~±• • ~WT*t£m-.~~$~~Jjj{f;5I~~r.~; l.tl• • g-fLfL':::1f:=Jl m.~.~~J~*, ~jJ:I::f,Ij:.;@til! , *~M!J)\~. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ~t£~rm1!!fi~~~~~ot£!it11f~zr,~1I.t.tf~~~~~&*.ii!~m~.~Ji!: m~~~~jJ~£.,tl!f;5I!it.tl • • ~x:f,lj:~iI:~7*~~.;f;.rm~~~~o. 2.*~M.t.tft£~.wrjl ~lL!~&~'I1~fm~~R~~x:f,lj:~WT*~.~iI:~ 7 m~~~. ... o. 3.•1l'k, 9-=:Jl1Jt~, ~WT*t£~JJ{~~;f;lJlu.~~e~~7E!.j)rf±rmm~m _&(.*~~-.~nI~m-~&.)ot£[9Jl+1ia~*~~~wr• • -7X~;f;. tt® ~IHlRene Remond, La politique n 'est plus ce qu 'elle etait(Pal"is: Calmann-Levy, 1993), pp.l1- 54. tt@J "fiM8.:tl7l r li!U~~~ J zVMJt:tSl ' <iJ~!!MIH~" , 1ii1il.i&Iflf'UR:ffl ' #::It , flltlflJ\&tl ' a\li!Ui::; i-:tL~,J{-=:tL--l1!Ilio.

(6) r"UIiWilf~. 60. ifm_IV?;. ~ 34 ~. m6M. ~!Im 84 1f: 6. R. ,Jrt*1l;ffa5tz=+t\l'J1J~l;J~, $IF45~-, ~WTYHtU;ffa5tZ+Jt.l'J1Jll;J~. ,.~~=,WB~~.a5tz+A,B~~. •• o@.~.S,. rel'J1J~~~.~. ~1Im.Jrt*1lzrm~o 4.B~~I'J1J.~B~~~;ffr~~~~~.JI'J1J~M'ffi~~~ ••• r~~~. • J ,13:tl!;ff~f{~.][~A±I'J1J*j]ltIJ~-~~p;jij{$-E!:BWTi~ (Charles Pasqua ) ,ij{Jff~~ AFifiiJ~ (Nicolas Sarkozy) ~ , :1l:!$;.f'g1'J1J5t~ , WflJrt*1l1'J1J~ il!it;~ 1:.~ Ii. 0. V}],~~JtM}i!z~Il5l*,~1<. ffli~tB£MBI'J1J~=~~~~,Jrt*1l~~~-~liat+t\.=~~-+ t.I'J1J~~,a5tzli+=.t\DI'J1J~~$( ~*L,Jrt*1l~51'J1J~~;ff~r ••. •• ~.=) ••~WT.W.~ •• o. :. ~=:.=.1i~~~ ( li.F.I-t B ) :i~Ui~. A,•• :. 39,976,944. ~W~~A.:. ***:. 20.33%. Jfl~*:. 1f~t~.. ------. 31,845,819. 5.97%. :. 29,943,671. 1"~.. ~~A. JtPft:fl. 1"~*. 15,763,027 --. (% ). 52.64 ----. ~Wi~. 14,180,644. 47.36. (-}t±1t•• I'J1J~~WJ,tI.ff-Jt.A-~li~.~ •• , X~-Jt.AA~:n:~.. Jrt*1l.~.ff,ft.~&B;ff+D.I'J1J_~,.~li~~ff&.~I'J1J •• ,~~fl tl1t.~~~WJ~~~mo~~,tl1t.~~WJ~ij{r,-n~~~AQ~m~r, -n~tl~~~~1:.m~~.][~~,:1l:!$;~$~~~;ff*~*~,.A ~IL'lm. __ ~I'J1J~. 0. (=)Jrt*1lmiX.~=lt.~ , 1lUmiX5t)jIJ.ff-Jt.A-~~-Jt.AA. 0 -Jt.A -~ff~-~~~~Wt~~i!: , -Jt.AA.j{U.ff~-~~.~ r~~.{ffl9~~WJ o Jrt*1£~~.jiTIj • • • ( Charles de Gaulle ) ~JfUJlt ( Georges Pompidou ) t.I. lml'J1J'Jtllft ' t'!:ij{~1f! ff-Jt.t\=~ili{fJII~lt,tllm~)jljltlJlm. ' fL~tl~-Jt.Ali • • ~.m.~,~~-Jt.t\t~.~.~~.1t.~o~ ,~=+li~z.iliff 0. tl:® .OOLe Monde.le. 16-17 avril 1995. p.7.. ~.

(7) -- fLfLli1f:7*lItlMt);::ilz ljJftfi. 61. tt•••••*o-~~~¥~-~~~¥~OO,~~-~A~¥~-~jV\¥~OO ]I! ~ m1t.fft.~~UI~JIIlUR .*~~m.M •••• ,~e-~~~¥~-~~~¥~*.~ •• ffrA~ 0. .#.• ••. wmJ±.~~~~~E~m*~.o~Y.fl*M~*.~~A~'Mh~jr,]I! ~~. ft(m&~Emtt._~~8._E.~.-.~.~~~)o~. *,~¥*,.*~&-~~tt.~~~. ••• ~.~~%.,~~~M~,m~~. ~~~~~.*~.~,~~~~.~~~o. S~.~~ •• fl.~ •• o.*,~.-.m.8,~.r~~~±~mJ± • ' 8.t.lt)f~WTF ( Valery Giscard d'Estaing ) .B~RJlxt-f.*~ 0 JtlX , Em tt~.-.m.~~.,~m~. •. •• $xt-f.*~,~~••• ~Me •• ,fi~ •. *~~M~~%.*fl~~o~*,~.-.~xt-fEmtt~r~~. *f••. A±,~n. ~mJ~. •••*~8~~.*&.0M~.xt-f.*~o~~~fl.~. ./jfijY~.Iij:~~.~o. , ••~.~-~~ •• ~.~,~Emtt~~.~fl~~~A+li~~ .fl.~~•• *~o~~~~~~~.~fl~~~~+-~~.fl.~~.~*~ oa~~ •• ~~.~&fl~~~=+~~~.~m•• *~o@ (lm)ft.tt1t.~WT*~*f4~/f-':~. fftt•••1t ( i'l• • -.ilC.). 0. -'1Jmf~~-~A-¥~J-~AA¥~OO.. ,=1Jfti&~~-~AA¥~J-~~=¥~OOtl:Hf.. ff• • ~ • • oa~.~.WT*~.-.m.~~••• ~Ym~tt*.M~~~.. jJ. , ftB&flH·&,GX;.tt1t.1itft5t~~.fl.jJ~ ••A ~.,~~~~tt •• ~¥*ft~~*~$#~~(-~~=¥liA-S~ •• -Jtjijtp[ ( Pierre Beregovoy ) e f.($f4]1!.,GX;q~*~fIf.) ,.3&~.~%.~ .h*••• o~*,~~tt•• ~ •• ~~~*M.~~'.~.~A.,.~A 0. I£iI:. fi~WT*~~. o.. 0. r itmiwm J. (European Union-E.U.) ¥Jt1i~~H:t.t.ia* (Jacques. Dcl~)X~mili.,]I!~tt*.MAffimo~~m~~,~WT**~,GX;.,&~. ~,.~.,GX;. •• ~h~~.c. •••~it~~tt 1fE?&~.fi =lX~m.,m~~fi~.~ ••ffi••• ,~~~m.~etttffi •• o-1JOOm ~{x~~ • •*~&.ffiili~~~~)(1t~,GX;~~. 0. fl~~~~m~ffi.,~1JOO~~~~.~.~A.m.~~,&.~~m~~.~ ~~Ao. m:q~-~~~. , .~~~1t,. •• m.f$1'i~~1t ( Ie , m."f:~~~1t ( la Commission. ~.~It1f~~1t,. Conseil Superieur de I' Audiovisuel CSA) des Sondages) ~*Jl~]IiI~~~?&~fi •• Ifil~.J1~JjJ. , .~.~*Jlllff$~ m.~ffi.0.*_~mm~.fioO. n:@ #'-r!IILe Monde, Ie 10 mai 1995, p.12. il:@ #,-r!IIMichel Gentot, Les autorites administratives independantes(Paris: Montchrestien. 1991), pp.119-130. 0.

(8) r"Ug~iJf3'l. 62. ~1r~ ~ it. ~ 34 ~. ~ 6M. ,. ~ I!!llI 84 1f 6 fI. .:,~. 'i. , J1G* 5tJr:: mr. ~ ~.t.ltlkJft~J1:.t.It -::f.tIU!tB<J ~ ¥ -T ~. 0. JVt:;/\. -. ~,J1G*5t~~~~mtiB<Jr~~.~J~~~* • • ~~±ftB<J~.o~~,J1G* 5tB<J~~~~~Alk~.W~~~m~B<J~ft:. ,. HIt~~AW~-J1G*5tB<J~~!H~~~JIIri~~ , ~n~m J3.~mrm?x'B<Jtt t.ltlJi.~tI51lt.Jlt fEl.J1G~5ttn~.s: ' 11~~j]!4i1uN'..'~j]~~ , ~m-~~:::::?X.~~ ~~~.~,~~~Jr::r~~~,.~~JB<J~~o~~,J1G*5tB<J~~~~~~~ 0. ::E. ilUfJtJ T :Ii ~ JIll (=}If r ~~.~ J W~--1JOO , J1G*5t*F-'til1lf~~TIm~B<J.t.iIf:~J?ENJ1:. 0. M,~~m~~~oN1Joo,~.§-ntlm~~*~~~T.t.ilf:B<J~J?E(~~~B<J. ~~Jr::1"t*'til1lf~F.~~.B<J.~J) ,J1G~~~:lJ!~t=T-~B<J~j]~.~.t.iIf:, ~t& ~.il16~l1IfA±tiJ§p±.. Ji. ~ ~. 0. *-.iItm ~J&.1l$- -fJ PI. -nn~~:::::~B<J~~~.~~~,'ti~m.~~*.~~~li*ZImB<J~~J1G ~,~~~~~~=?X.rft~~~JB<J~OOo~~,J1G*5tB<J~~~~~~m~rft ~~~. J B<Jf.iltt.R • •L'~~~li~~.t.iIf:~T~m~*.B<J~~H~~.~::E.Z7r,.~L~ .~.t.It*Tm~J3.~~~~fim(.~.~~~.)B<J.j]o •• : (-H:I:1flrtt~ ( ~ Aff) (=J±*$*• • (~n1f) 0. 0. 0. ~~~~~%~W~(~T-*) 0 (l!Q)mltll~ • • ( ~T':=1~) 0 (li):::::1Jt.ilf:RrjJ , ~±*IIIW:ftit6 • •lk~j1.. ( ~Tliff). 0. ~~~~~m~Z.j](~Th*)O (t)1:I:1flr={\L.~~.~il ( ~liThf~) (J\)*F-B:ll:~fEl.~*%;(jiZ~~~~.~~j1 ••• ( ~/\T-f~) 0. 0. ~*,~li~~~ •• t.It~•• ~II~~.~~~-~.~J3.~.~.d.~B<J~*. ( r ft~~~ J ~~)JtlB<J'IWlJ(.Z7r) ,~W~~ttt.ilf:tf,lI*.B<J.~:lIfFmA Jim **' J1G*5t~!.IZ,~.m- • .lttmmA!4fFM1. ~1r~~amrJ1G*5t.t.ilf:f:I:1flrmr7r~$* , 1I'IJ~~1!J1G*5tft~tI~.B<J*J{ ( Alain Juppe) *jtf:I:.JlW~~TM 0. 0. ,. 0. .~~W~,J1G*5tLem:ll:~oo.B<J.::f.~~mJr::~M~.oJ1G*5t~-~~. mm.J{!iB<J**PJfIllJ /1)t!911f1l (La. France pour tous) ilr*.Jr::~~~B<J.~. , -N (j}!lz. \ ~lklXtfflr,,'.Jr::~II~mr:lilt~B<J~. , ~1I**B<J~MJErPJ~!.IZ, ..~miillil § mft=J- , ffUitJlI~.~~1t1t ' tt.ttH~.~.. ~.$~ , .~, u.~~. il1@. U.~tf. $D!lJacques Chirac, La France pour tous(Paris: Nil Editions, 1995), p.137.. 0.

(9) :a ~ ~. -N. -K. ;rm. ~. Ill:. jJg. •. llt!(~~~I1!:l1ii'. ~~*K~ • .L\ (it 1 -H-~~~ 1t-Wffi1(~tiI. $!I ~ .FS ~ *. o 4[1. 4:Iii~~~~iit*. 1t:: ~ ~ !§ Iii' {.il ~ ~~t:!1t::~W::~ l!Il.~l 4!l~~. ~ 4Il::. ~~IE ~~t!*. !§~~. o~m::. ~iR:Wt ~~"""' ~1IIl(~ ~ffi1(~o. ~*1(. ~. ~ ~ ~. 1E~1. ~. *'. ~.'-~ ~ ~ ml. -R~~-W ~,](rI~. 1Il!!-tI€i~~. ~*o~. it~Jl. ~~~~. ~ ,.~~ ~[I*.. ~1lIim::ii .~.Iii'. ~tt~P<. .~-... ~lIJ,-,1l(. ~. 11]. ~-H-aJo.L\$-H-. <-:{. ~ ~. ~~m::. ~.~~. .1!t. N. ~~~~'d1+<~ 1P<eI~~~~~ ~~l!Itm Iii'~~~. ~g. -\U1. .,~. ,.. ~,. ~~~~~:!;{ ,,"",~-8~:!;{*K~. tt~~~ERI-H-*. ~ ~ ~. 1 .tiI~~tilrt°. ;g:Mi~~o~~ ~~o,g:IlIi'-'if. **.tItj.~.. +<. ,-,~~*$~.taJ. =. ~iJI:r:~~-H-1l=~. ~ ~. +<. ~ • l!Il 4rr fF-\' ffi1( ~~iJl:r:i!Is • • ~ ~~~~~~~ !W!~~l litiJl:r:if. .~~t->~.~ :ti!§~.~~~o. ~1t::~~H!f.*KtiI~ ~~l@(*K'M-H-*K~. ~~.-H-H:1~-H-N ,.. l!Il .f::\. • • P<. ~ ~,~ ~. -W-<-RtmK 1Il!!!§. !ikg[~\lIlllI~~. ~J:!:t-~im:~.. -H- .:. .~1t::ffi1(~~~:ft. ~*~~. ~~+<~. l!Il~$. ~. ii~*m::1t::.~::tl1 ~lW*l 11 +tl """' ~ ~. •. *. *. *.

(10)