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社區糖尿病共同照護對慢性腎臟病分期變化之影響因素探討

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(1)

– 11 – 學術論文摘要

一般論文

主題:流行病學與預防醫學

(一)

10月20日

(星期日)

第五會場

00教室

EP-1

孩童中心型肥胖至氣喘的致病機轉:體適能及 靜坐時間乃是前導因子 陳揚卿1,2 杜裕康1  黃國晉  季瑋珠1 陳保中 璩大成2 李永凌1 1 台灣大學公衛學院流行病學及預防醫學研究所 2 台北市立聯合醫院中興院區  台灣大學附設醫院  台灣大學公衛學院職業醫學與工業衛生研究所 背景:過去文獻很少考慮不同的肥胖測量與氣 喘的關係,及體適能,靜坐時間所扮演的角色。 目標:(1)比較不同肥胖測量方法對氣喘的關 係;(2)用結構方程式探討孩童中心型肥胖,體適能 及靜坐時間與氣喘的關係。 方法:“台灣孩童健康研究”於2010年起自全 台灣十四個社區召募共2名十歲學童參與。我們 收集了孩童問卷包含靜坐時間及體能活動參與,家 長問卷用以定義醫師診斷之氣喘,肥胖測量包括: 皮 下脂肪,身體組成分析,腰臀圍,以及學校施測的 八百公尺短跑速度作體適能的指標,自2010-2012 我們每年追蹤上述各項指標。統計使用Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE)於重覆三年之各項測量, 以分析肥胖,氣喘,體適能及靜坐時間這三角關 係,並使用結構方程式探討這三者的致病機轉,最 後再收集第一年無中心肥胖或氣喘者,計算追蹤兩 年的肥胖或氣喘發生率。 以驗證結構方程式所發現 的肥胖,氣喘,體適能及靜坐時間這三角關係。 結果:在許多不同的肥胖測量中,中心型肥胖 與氣喘相關性最密切。不論用GEE,結構方程式或 計算發生率,我們皆一致發現,體適能及靜坐時間 乃是中心型肥胖致氣喘的前導因子。中心型肥胖也 透過肺功能的降低導致氣喘。 結論:孩童應被鼓勵要減少靜坐時間併增加體 適能,以避免中心型肥胖所導致的氣喘發生。

EP-2

社區糖尿病共同照護對慢性腎臟病分期變化之 影響因素探討 吳惠婷1,2 楊文惠1 蔡文正1 張純如2 葉彥伯2 1中國醫藥大學醫務管理學系暨碩士班 2彰化縣衛生局 背景:糖尿病腎病變照護為慢性腎臟病防治主 要策略,如何提昇其照護成效仍有待評估。 目標:探討糖尿病共同照護收案個案,其慢性 腎臟病分期變化之影響因素,做為提升照護成效之 參考。 方法:本研究取樣自至101年間,中部某縣 衛生所門診糖尿病個案。該縣糖尿病共同照護網在 至年間逐步導入建立慢性腎臟病照護之標準與 流程,故以該導入期間為本研究的基礎期,至100 年為介入期,101年為評估期。研究對象之照護資料 來自縣衛生局建置之糖尿病管理資訊系統,接受管 理至少2年且分期資料可得者共120人納入分析。以 基礎期慢性腎臟病分期與評估期或介入期最後一年 資料作比較,其分期改善為依變項,運用邏吉斯迴 歸探討分期變化與人口學特質、生活型態、定期診 療、檢驗、衛教及疾病史之相關性。

(2)

– 11 – 學術論文摘要 結果:至101年期間個案管理持續年在案者 佔1.%。基礎期舒張壓血壓值≧100mHg且介入期 舒張壓改善者,其分期改善之勝算比為. (%信 賴區間(以下略)1.1-.0);基礎期分期低於2期者, 勝算比.2 (2.-.1);介入期糖化血色素檢驗和低 密度膽固醇檢驗每年平均次數大於2者,勝算比1. (1.2-2.);介入期BMI平均值<2 kg/m2,勝算比1. (1.1-2.1)。 結論:控制血壓為改善慢性腎臟病分期最重要 的影響因素,定期就醫檢驗追蹤與控制體重等亦有 助於改善分期。分期低於2期者,有較高的可逆性。 本研究結果可作為評價慢性腎臟病照護成效之參 考。

EP-3

Polysomnographic Parameters following Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: Systemic review and Meta-analysis

Kun-Tai Kang,1,2, Ming-Tzer Lin,1,2

Chia-Hsuan Lee,1, Wei-Chung Hsu,2

Yungling Leo Lee1

1 Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,

College of Public Health, National Taiwan University

2 National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan  Taipei Hospital, Department of Health, New Taipei

City, Taiwan

 China Medical University Hospital, Taipei Branch,

Taiwan

Background: Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

(T&A) is the first-line therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children. Polysomnography (PSG), the gold standard for diagnosis of OSA, is reliable in outcome measures for OSA children before and after surgery.

Objective: To investigate sleep parameter changes

in PSG and to determine success rate in children underwent T&A for treatment of OSA.

Methods: A systemic review was performed for

current literatures regarding OSA children (< 1 years of age) treated by T&A with PSG assessments. Studies that met inclusion criteria were put into further analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model for determining postoperative sleep parameter changes and overall success rate of T&A in children with OSA.

Results: Nineteen studies and 1 subjects

were enrolled. After surgery, sleep architecture altered by a significant decrease of 1.% (% confidence interval [CI], 0.-2.) in sleep stage 1 and an increase of .% (% CI, 1.-.) in slow wave sleep stage. The mean difference between pre- and post-operative was a significant reduction of 15.0 event/hour (95% CI, 12.-1.) in AHI (apnea-hypopnea index), a reduction of . event/hour (% CI, 2.-.2) in obstructive index, a reduction of . events/hour (% CI, .-1.) in hypopnea index, and a reduction of . event/hour (% CI, .-.) in total arousal index. The mean difference was a significant increase of 7.2% (95% CI, 4.7-9.7) in minimum oxygen saturation and a decrease of 2. mmHg (% CI, 0.-.) in end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure. The overall success rate was . percent (% CI, 44.3-62.8) when the success was defined as postoperative AHI <1, and the success rate was . percent (% CI, 0.2-.0) when the success was defined as post-operative AHI <.

Conclusion: T&A is effective in treating pediatric

OSA, and result in a variety of sleep parameter changes as documented by PSG recording. However, complete remission of disease is not achieved in some cases, making postoperative follow up and additional treatment strategies highly desirable in children with OSA.

參考文獻

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