• 沒有找到結果。

環境生態學

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "環境生態學"

Copied!
77
0
0

加載中.... (立即查看全文)

全文

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)

(Tolerance)

(Avoidance)

(9)

(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)

基因層次: EPA-S1 PHD-2…

(endothelial Per- Arnt-Sim domain protein 1)

https://read01.com/Mm7DR.html

Lorenzo, F.R. et al. (2014). doi: 10.1038/ng.3067

西藏高原 4,000 m 60% O2

(22)
(23)

Jonathan B. Losos and Roger S. Thorpe, 2004

Anolis oculatus

(24)
(25)
(26)

生物的體溫是與外界環境的能量交換

(energy exchanges) 所決定

(27)
(28)

model

28 Temperature

(29)
(30)

(Radiation)

(Conduction)

(31)
(32)

SR =

IR =

H

conv

=

H

cond

=

H

et et cond conv out in plant

SR

IR

IR

H

H

H

H

(33)

氣孔張開 氣孔關閉

(34)
(35)
(36)
(37)

SR =

IR =

H

evap

=

H

met

=

met evap cond conv out in animal

SR

IR

IR

H

H

H

H

H

(38)

(Ectotherms):

主要透過與外界能量交換調節體溫

(Endotherms):

(39)

http://www.floristtaxonomy.com/category/worst-smelling-flowers/page/8

(40)

胡蜂 (Vespa mandarina) 蜜蜂(Apis cerana)

(41)
(42)

美洲帶蛇(garter snake)

(43)

Variation in Temperature

(44)

Figure 4.16 A Metabolic Rates in Endotherms Vary with Environmental Temperatures

增加速率

溫度中性區

(45)

Variation in Temperature

(Thermoneutral zone)—

在一定環境溫度範圍內,休息代謝率維持

一定

(Lower critical temperature)

低於某特定溫度以下,休息代謝率開始上

(46)
(47)
(48)
(49)

20oC

50-90%

(50)
(51)
(52)
(53)

台灣森鼠

(54)
(55)

species distribution model

用模式預測氣候變遷、林相改變對生物的影響

55 • 高海拔特有種爬蟲類: 菊池式龜殼花、台灣蜓蜥、雪山草蜥

(56)

species distribution model 動物 氣候 地形 植被 GIS 資料庫 生態表現 生長 存活 生殖 預測 分布範圍 微氣候 地理網格 型態 生理 行為 功能性特徵 資料庫 56 Prof. Warren Porter

(57)

model

57 Temperature

(58)

Cane toad Dengue mosquito Denque mosquito 58

(59)

預測氣候變遷對高海拔爬蟲類的影響

59 Takydromus hsuehshanensis 雪山草蜥 Trimeresurus gracilis 菊池氏龜殼花

(60)

Photos: http://myweb.rollins.edu/jsiry/GLOWADO; Craig D. Allen

氣候變遷

60

• 氣溫上升速率: 0.6

o

C/100年

• 高山地區: 2-3 倍

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

(61)

Huey et al. 2009.; Siveno et al. 2006. Photo: Laurie Vitt, www.herp.it

山區蜥蜴增加生殖率

赤道蜥蜴無法忍受熱

61 野外觀察

(62)

地景上的的植被

(63)

(Photo 林思民)

63

T. hsuehshanensis T. gracilis

Habitat

(64)

(65)

輻射、對流、 傳導

65

1

2

(66)

(67)

85.3%

67 Prof. 邱祈榮

(68)

Analyzed from raw data provided from Taiwan Forestry Bureau

(69)

Gap Light Analyzer (Frazer et al. 1999) − − − 69

(70)

mean ± 1 SD • : 70 % (year 2006-2009) • (2,374 m) 0% 70

(71)

model

71

(72)

(Takydromus hsuehshanensis)

(73)

海拔 3000 m, 七月

73

(74)

0 25 50 75 100 Shade level (%)

3000 m elevation, July

(75)

70.1% 地區 < 3 hr/d

a. 2015年氣溫 b. + 3oC

75

(76)

Predi ct ed act ive ti m e

最長活動時間預測值

2012氣候

+ 3

o

C

高山草原&空曠地 箭竹林 76 2012氣候

+ 3

o

C

(77)

數據

Figure 4.7  Temperature Ranges for Life on Earth
Figure 4.16 A  Metabolic Rates in Endotherms Vary with Environmental Temperatures
Figure 4.16 B  Metabolic Rates in Endotherms Vary with Environmental Temperatures

參考文獻

相關文件

‧環境荷爾蒙(Environmental Hormone) ,又 稱為「內分泌干擾素(Endocrine disrupter substance簡稱EDS)」 參見環保署「認識環境荷爾蒙」.

締約國同意在環保、保育(包括天然資源)方面共同合作。環境 合作機制(Environmental Cooperation

澳洲-太平洋聯盟自由貿易協定(Australia-Pacific Alliance FTA) 2017.7宣布啟動。4. WTO 複邊環境商品協定(Environmental Goods

Our environmental policy is to promote environmental education in schools, to maintain a management system to improve the environmental quality of our activities, to adopt

104 As shown in Figure 5, spin-restricted TAO- B3LYP and TAO-B3LYP-D3 (with a θ between 50 and 70 mhartree), TAO-PBE0 (with a θ between 60 and 80 mhartree), and TAO-BHHLYP (with a

Holographic dual to a chiral 2D CFT, with the same left central charge as in warped AdS/CFT, and non-vanishing left- and right-moving temperatures.. Provide another novel support to

• Environmental Report 2020 of Transport Department, Hong Kong: to provide a transport system in an environmentally acceptable manner to align with the sustainable development of

• Learn strategies to answer different types of questions.. • Manage the use of time