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機器視覺在精準農業的應用

機器視覺在精準農業的應用

國立台灣大學生物產業機電工程學系

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內容綱要

內容綱要

前言

精準農業的發展

機器視覺在精準農業中的角色

應用例

結語

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前 言

前 言

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精準農業的定義

精準農業的定義

Farmers use global positioning (GPS) technology

involving satellites and sensors on the ground

and intensive information management tools to

understand variations in resource conditions

within fields.  They use this information to more

precisely apply fertilizers and other inputs and to

more accurately predict crop yields.

– The U.S. House Committee on Agriculture Glossary

Observation, impact assessment and timely

strategic response to fine-scale variation in

causative components of an agricultural

production process.

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精準農業的相近同義字

精準農業的相近同義字

Precision Farming

Variable Rate Technology (VRT)

Variable Rate Management

Prescription Farming

Site Specific Crop Management

Farming by Soil

Grid Soil Sampling Agriculture

Grid Farming

Farming by the Inch

Farming by the Foot

GPS Agriculture.

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精準農業的發展

精準農業的發展

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精準農業的關鍵技術

精準農業的關鍵技術

衛星定位系統

(GPS)

地理資訊系統

(GIS)

遙測技術

(Remote Sensing)

機器視覺

(Machine Vision)

資訊技術

(Information

Technology)

感測器整合

(Sensor Fusion)

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國內的研發

國內的研發

水稻生育狀況與環境監測系統

– 水稻生長、逆境 ( 病蟲害、雜草、旱害等 ) 及產量之監測與估測 技術研究 – 稻株氮營養狀態檢測技術 – 近地面水稻光譜資料庫建置計畫 – 土壤性質及肥力狀態偵測技術

水稻栽培與環境精準管理專家決策系統

– 水稻栽培及病蟲草害管決策系統之建立 – 水稻精準施肥決策專家系統之建立 – 精準農耕綜合資料庫及網站建置

精準農業自動化農機操作系統之開發

– 精準農業作物產量分佈圖偵測系統之開發 – 田間作物性狀定點精準感測系統之開發研究 – 田間定點精準施藥系統之研究 – 田間定點精準變異率施肥系統之研究

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機器視覺在精準

機器視覺在精準

農業中的角色

農業中的角色

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常用的精準農業感測對象

常用的精準農業感測對象

土壤性質:

– 質地、結構、水份、養份、物理條件等

作物:

– 分佈、逆境、營養狀態等

產量監測:

– 產量、水份、收穫寬度等

可變量系統:

– 施肥、噴藥、灌溉等

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感測器種類

感測器種類

電磁感應

電導度

場效應電晶體

超音波

光電感測

壓力

機器視覺

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機器視覺的特性

機器視覺的特性

非破壞性

具空間資訊

訊號波長範圍廣

具應用彈性

高資訊量

計算量大

價位較高

高技術性

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感測器特性

感測器特性

波長範圍

空間解析度

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多頻道立體攝影機

多頻道立體攝影機

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合成孔徑雷達

合成孔徑雷達

SAR

SAR

主動式微波遙測成像系統

全天候之特性

立體空間資訊

SOURCE: "Alaska SAR Facility Scientific SAR User's Guide" by Coert Olmsted.

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主要應用

主要應用

農業機械自動導引

噴藥作業

遙測影像分析與判讀

土壤分析

植物狀態分析

溫室環控與管理

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SOURCE:http://www.bae.uky.edu/~precag/PrecisionAg/Pages/conductivity.htm

應用例

應用例

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田間雜草的辨識

田間雜草的辨識

Institute of Agricultural Environmental Engineering (IMAG), Netherland

Institute for Horticultural and Agricultural Engineering (ITG), University of Hanover, Germany Ref.:Hemming, J., T. Rath. 2001. Computer-vision-based weed identification under field

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選擇性噴藥

選擇性噴藥

Ref. Tian, L., J. F. Reid, J. Hummel. 1999. Development of a precision sprayer for site-specific weed management. Transactions of the ASAE. 42(4):893-900.

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變量施肥

變量施肥

Source: Laboratory of Field Robotics and Precision Agriculture, Graduate Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University.

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農業機械之自動導引

農業機械之自動導引

Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, University of Illinois Source: http://www.age.uiuc.edu/oree/.

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空照影像分析 – 雜草

空照影像分析 – 雜草

Ref. Bajwa, S. G., L. F. Tian. 2001. Aerial CIR remote sensing for weed density mapping in a soybean field. Trans. ASAE. 44(6): 1965–1974.

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空照影像分析 – 土壤狀態

空照影像分析 – 土壤狀態

Ref. Wells, L. G., T. S. Stombaugh, S.A. Shearer. 2001. Application and assessment of precision deep tillage. ASAE Paper No. 011032, St. Joseph., MI.

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植物生長量測

植物生長量測

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

DAYS AFTER SEEDING

L E A F A R E A ( cm 2 ) 1st cotyledon 2nd cotyledon 1st leaf 2nd leaf 3rd leaf 4th leaf 5th leaf 6th leaf Total leaf area

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製圖系統與影像資料庫

製圖系統與影像資料庫

台灣大學生物機電系

Schematic structure of the integrated spatial mapping system. GPS Electronic Compass Stereo Machine Vision Host Computer Positioning Database Image Database Base Map Map Layer 1 User Interface Map Layer 2 Position Orientation Image

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製圖系統與影像資料庫

製圖系統與影像資料庫

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結 語

結 語

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結 語

結 語

兼顧生態與生產的農業發展趨勢

適用於國內的精準農業模式為何

技術的發展與落實產業

感測器的發展

感測器整合的重要性

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參考文獻

參考文獻

Bajwa, S. G., L. F. Tian. 2001. Aerial CIR remote sensing for weed density mapping in a soybean field. Trans. ASAE. 44(6): 1965–1974.

Birrell, S. J., K. A. Sudduth, S. Borgelt. Comparison of sensors and

techniques for crop yield mapping. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 14(2-3):215-233.

Clark, R. L. and R. Lee. 1998. Development of topographic maps for precision farming with kinematic GPS. Trans. ASAE 41(4): 909-916.

El-Faki, M. S., N. Zhang, D. E. Peterson. 2000. Weed detection using color machine vision. Trans. of the ASAE. 43 (6):1969-1978.

Hemming, J., T. Rath. 2001. Computer-vision-based weed identification under field conditions using controlled lighting. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 78(3):233-243.

Lamb, D. W., R. B. Brown. 2001. Remote-sensing and mapping of weeds in crops. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 78(2):117-125.

Tian, L., J. F. Reid, J. Hummel. 1999. Development of a precision sprayer for site-specific weed management. Transactions of the ASAE. 42(4):893-900.

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參考文獻

參考文獻

Usery, E. L., S. Pocknee and B. Boydell. 1995. Precision farming data management using geographic information systems. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 61(11): 1383-1391.

Staford, J. V. 2000. Implementing precision agriculture in the 21st century. J. agric. Engng Res. 76:267-275.

Umeda, M., T. Kaho, M. Iida, C. K. Lee. 2001. Effect of variable rate fertilizing for paddy field. ASAE Paper No. 011111, St. Joseph., MI. Wells, L. G., T. S. Stombaugh, S.A. Shearer. 2001. Application and

assessment of precision deep tillage. ASAE Paper No. 011032, St. Joseph., MI.

參考文獻

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