公立高中教師規律運動行為影響因素之研究—以台北市教師會會員為例
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(3) ठ. ᖴ. ΟԃਔᑫଆǴམ೭ޕӈًǴӵϞࡾཪ໒Ǵ҅ፕЎԏ പਔǴӈًଶᎫܭԜǴ৳৳චձᅺγᏢಞғఱǴԶךஒਁવ०๔Ǵ०ӛؒԖ ൎᕅޕޑ྅Ƕӣ२ٰਔၡǴਔதᐱࡷڹᐩډϺܴǴԖਜ३ᙝሳՔيךǴ ฅԶǴՈఽಖزϯԋዟ੧ᝊǴહસᙦԏౡऍᅺ݀Ǵᗨၡำᐕ॥ᗩǴࠅឦ ёᐕǴၡٰوǴһᒘӭΓڐշǴЈύคज़གৱǶ ӧᆛόޕᘜБӛϐሞǴགᖴԖࡰᏤ௲ֈܱܴറγЈЇǴҔค КޑངЈᆶऐЈࡰЇࢭǴόჇྠځӦࡰᏤᏢǴ٬ૈךճֹԋፕЎǴ׳ གᖴৱৣჹғఱޑႴᓰᆶЍǴᡣךӧΓғᙯ௬ϐሞǴቚуߞЈय़ჹᜬᛜޑ ਓǶӕਔགᖴس݊ϡ௲Ϸ୯ҥᆵчៈ଼நεᏢᙴៈ௲܌زࣴػଯ ྆ذୋ௲ࡰޑᏤǴჹፕЎኗቪගٮӭᝊࡌޑᆶࡰЇǴ٬ፕЎ׳ᑪ ֹ๓ᆶۯڬǶ ԜѦǴᗋाགᖴѠчѱ௲ৣЎܱ٣ߏǵէԃୋ٣ߏϷӚϦҥ ଯύϐ௲ৣߏޑЍᆶڐշǴаϷႣ၂λႳႳΚ࣬շǴ٬ፕЎࢎᄬϷ ၗϩ׳укჴǵᆒྗǶགᖴӕᏢఘ࣓ǵॳǵݒᇅǵಛ䑦ǵનถǵ۩։ǵ ृችΓޑϩ٦ᆶႴᓰǴ٬ፕЎૈౢǴЪᙦΑޑךᅺγғఱǶΨགᖴЎ ։Ϸځёང࠳ζᐇ⑮Ǵ๏ךคКזᆶ۩ᅽǶ നࠆჴޑ٩ǴವၸܭৎΓޑЍǴགᖴݿݿᄪǵ༰༰ન഻Ǵ๏ϒന ྕཪޑᜢᚶᆶྣ៝ǴΟόϖਔഢִံࠔڹǴᡣံךкᡏΚǴ׳ӧךੲಕό.
(4) ਔǴࣁךబՊᇂǴӺং଼ޑךநǶགᖴۆۆૠǵۆϻਕ᎔ǵ୯ฦǴ ϩᏼᓸΚǵ࣮ךႝቹǵӞऍ१ϷගٮӄБՏޑЍǴᡣךӧᏢૈЈค ᜰǴ৬ཀච᠀ǶགᖴьᅟЎٌ༇ௗଌǴӼ௨ࢲᡣךỜှኁཆǴΨགᖴё ངޑλཡೈ—⪅ǴϯيനऍޑϺ٬ǴණѲᆶངǶགᖴ߄യ๔ǵ଼ ◖Ϸځζ϶ॕ൛ǴഉךፋЈǵຉǴቚబғࢲ፪ǶനࡕǴགᖴݺᗙ—ᕴ όଶұǴᒿਔ Standby—ሀനཪڥڥངᆶᜢᚶǶ ڙৱǴᔈགᖴޣᕷόയᖐǴᙣаԜЎ߄ၲЈύനεޑᖴוǴ٠ஒԜᄪ ᝬϩ٦ϒ܌ԖڐշǵЍǵഉՔϷᜢЈ၃൛ߏৣޑǵӕ٣ǵৎΓǵܻ϶ॺǴ གৱாǶ. ࢫ၃൛ ᙣठ 2011/02/17.
(5) ୯ҥѠৣጄεᏢ଼நߦᆶፁғ௲ػᏢسᅺγᅺγፕЎ Ϧҥଯύ௲ৣೕࡓၮՉࣁቹៜӢનϐࣴزȋ аѠчѱ௲ৣࣁٯ ᏢғǺࢫ၃൛. ࡰᏤ௲Ǻֈܱܴറγ ᄔ. ा. ҁፕЎԑӧϦҥଯύ௲ৣঁΓङඳӢન(ԃសǵ܄ձǵ௲ػำ ࡋǵஆ࠷ݩރǵԾ଼நݩރǵୖуၮޗიᡍ)ǵޗЈӢન(ၮ ޗЍǵၮԾךਏૈǵၮ٦གϷၮ่݀යࡑ)ǵၮᕉნ Ӣન(ၮഢ܈Ꮤǵၮ)܌ᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁϐ໔ޑᜢ߯Ƕа 99 ԃ ࡋѠчѱ௲ৣϐϦҥଯύ௲ৣࣁࣴزჹຝǴࣴز௦سᒿᐒܜኬ ܜݤኬǴаԾ༤ୢڔᇆԖਏୢ ڔ338 ҽǴӣԏࣁ 74.3%Ƕ܌ளၗ аඔॊ܄ीǵt ᔠۓǵൂӢηᡂ౦ኧϩǵҜᅟහᑈৡ࣬ᜢǵӭϡ ᘜϩीБݤՉϩǶख़ा่݀ᘜયӵΠǺ ǵġ ऊԖѤԋޑϦҥଯύ௲ৣԖೕࡓၮՉࣁǶ Βǵġ ቹៜࣴزჹຝೕࡓၮՉࣁঁޑΓङඳӢનᡂхࡴ܄ձ(܄ت ޑೕࡓၮՉࣁКଯܭζ)܄ǵԾ଼ந(ݩރԾ଼நݩރཇ ӳޣǴཇܰவ٣ೕࡓၮՉࣁ)ǵୖуၮޗიᡍ(Ԗୖуၮ ޗიᡍޣၨவ٣ೕࡓၮ)Ƕ. i.
(6) Οǵġ ޗЈӢનϐၮޗЍǵၮԾךਏૈǵၮ٦གǵၮ ่݀යࡑࣣᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁև҅࣬ᜢǶ Ѥǵġ ၮᕉნӢન(ۚՐӦБޑၮഢ܈ᏔǵۚՐӦБߕ߈ёၮ ޑӦ)ᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁև҅࣬ᜢǶ ϖǵġ ࣴزჹຝޑೕࡓၮՉࣁёҗȨၮԾךਏૈȩ ǵ Ȩၮഢ܈Ꮤ ȩ ǵ ȨԾ଼நݩރӳȩΟঁᡂٰႣෳǴှញΚࣁ 49%Ƕ ᜢᗖӷǺଯύ௲ৣǵೕࡓၮՉࣁ. ii.
(7) Study of Regular Exercise and Its Related Factors on Public Senior High School Teacher in Taipei—The Case of Taipei Teachers’ Association A Master Thesis By Shih Ting Hung ABSTRACT The purposes of this study were to investigate the personal background factors, socio-psychological factors and environment for exercise in relationship with regular exercise behavior. The subjects were the public Senior High School Teachers of Taipei Teachers’ Association’s members. The instrument for the study was a questionnaire, and the valid samples were 338. The findings are as follows: 1. About 40% of the subjects exercise regularly. 2. Subjects who were male, perceived their health status to be better or have experiences in clubs were more likely to exercise regularly. 3. Regular exercise was positively correlated with social support for exercise, self-efficacy for exercise, sport enjoyment and outcome expectation value for exercise. 4. Environment for exercise, including exercise facility and sport venue near resident, was positively correlated with regular exercise. 5. Self-efficacy for exercise, exercise facility near resident and self-perceived health status could predict regular exercise and explain iii.
(8) 49% variance. Key wordsǺRegular ExerciseǵSenior High School Teacher. iv.
(9) Ҟԛ ಃക ᆣፕ ........................................................................................................... 1 ಃ ࣴزᐒᆶख़ा ܄............................................................................ 1 ಃΒ ࣴزҞ ޑ............................................................................................ 5 ಃΟ ࣴزୢᚒ ............................................................................................ 6 ಃѤ ࣴزଷ ............................................................................................ 7 ಃϖ Ӝຒࣚ ۓ............................................................................................ 8 ಃϤ ࣴزज़ ڋ............................................................................................ 9 ಃΒക Ў ................................................................................................. 11 ಃ ೕࡓၮՉࣁޑ ...................................................................... 11 ಃΒ ঁΓङඳӢનᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁޑᜢ߯ .......................................... 19 ಃΟ ޗЈӢનᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁޑᜢ߯ .......................................... 25 ಃѤ ၮᕉნӢનᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁޑᜢ߯ .......................................... 31 ಃΟക ࣴزБ ݤ................................................................................................. 33 ಃ ࣴࢎزᄬ .......................................................................................... 33 ಃΒ ࣴزჹຝ .......................................................................................... 34 ಃΟ ࣴزπ ڀ.......................................................................................... 34 ಃѤ ࣴزᡯ .......................................................................................... 41 ಃϖ ၗೀᆶϩ .............................................................................. 43 v.
(10) ಃѤക ่ࣴ݀زᆶፕ ..................................................................................... 45 ಃ ࣴزჹຝϐঁΓङඳӢનǵޗЈӢનǵၮᕉნё߈ ک܄ೕࡓၮՉࣁޑϩթ ...................................................... 45 ಃΒ ࣴزჹຝϐঁΓङඳӢનǵޗЈӢનǵၮᕉნё߈ ܄ϩձᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁϐ໔ޑᜢ߯ .............................................. 67 ಃΟ ࣴزჹຝೕࡓၮՉࣁቹៜӢનϐ໔࣬ޑჹख़ा܄.................. 79 ಃϖക ่ፕᆶࡌ ............................................................................................. 83 ಃ ่ፕ .................................................................................................. 83 ಃΒ ࡌ .................................................................................................. 85 ୖԵЎ ............................................................................................................... 89 ύЎϩ ........................................................................................................ 89 मЎϩ ...................................................................................................... 103 ߕᒵ ..................................................................................................................... 113 ߕᒵ ୢڔਏࡋԵᡍৎӜൂ ................................................................ 113 ߕᒵΒ ่ᄬԄୢ߃ڔዺ ............................................................................ 114 ߕᒵΟ ȨϦҥଯύ௲ৣೕࡓၮՉࣁቹៜӢનϐࣴزȩ҅Ԅୢڔ.... 119. vi.
(11) კ߄Ҟԛ კ 3- 1 ࣴࢎزᄬ.................................................................................................. 33 ߄ 2- 1 ೕࡓၮࡌྗ࣬ᜢࣴ ز................................................................. 13 ߄ 2- 2 ୯ϣ௲ৣೕࡓၮՉࣁϐࣴ ز............................................................. 18 ߄ 2- 3 ၮԾךਏૈᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁϐ࣬ᜢࣴ ز......................................... 29 ߄ 3- 1 ୢڔϣठ܄ϐߞࡋϩ ......................................................... 41 ߄ 3-2 ࣴزҞޑǵࣴزୢᚒᆶीБݤჹྣ߄ .............................................. 44 ߄ 4-1 ࣴزჹຝঁΓङඳӢનϩթ .......................................................... 47 ߄ 4-2 ࣴزჹຝޗЈӢનޑϩթ .............................................................. 48 ߄ 4-3 ӕ٣ၮЍޑϩթ ...................................................................... 49 ߄ 4-4 ܻ϶ၮЍޑϩթ ...................................................................... 51 ߄ 4-5 ৎΓၮЍޑϩթ ...................................................................... 52 ߄ 4-6 ၮԾךਏૈޑϩթ ...................................................................... 54 ߄ 4-7 ၮ٦གޑϩթ .......................................................................... 56 ߄ 4-8 ၮ่݀යࡑϐёૈޑ܄ϩթ ...................................................... 58 ߄ 4-9 ၮ่݀යࡑϐख़ाޑ܄ϩթ ...................................................... 60 ߄ 4-10 ၮ่݀යࡑϩթ ........................................................................ 61 ߄ 4-11 ࣴزჹຝၮᕉნё߈ޑ܄ϩթ ........................................................ 62 ߄ 4-12 ۚՐӦБၮഢ܈Ꮤޑϩթ ................................................ 63 vii.
(12) ߄ 4-13 ۚՐӦБߕ߈ёၮޑ܌ϩթ ................................................ 64 ߄ 4-14 ೕࡓၮՉࣁޑϩթ .................................................................... 65 ߄ 4-15 ၮᅿᜪޑϩթ ............................................................................ 66 ߄ 4-16 ೱុᡂϐୃᄊ߯ኧϷঢ়ࡋ ........................................................ 67 ߄ 4-17 ঁΓङඳӢનᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁϐᡂ౦ኧϩ .................................... 71 ߄ 4-18 ܄ձᆶޗЈӢનǵၮᕉნӢનϐ T ᔠ ۓ................................ 72 ߄ 4-19 ޗЈӢનǵၮᕉნӢનᆶԾ଼நݩރϐᡂ౦ኧϩ ........ 73 ߄ 4-20 ၮޗЈӢનکೕࡓၮՉࣁϐҜᅟහᑈৡ࣬ᜢ߯ኧ ............ 74 ߄ 4-21 ၮޗЍӚηᚒکೕࡓၮՉࣁϐҜᅟහᑈৡ࣬ᜢ߯ኧ ........ 75 ߄ 4-22 ၮԾךਏૈӚηᚒکೕࡓၮՉࣁϐҜᅟහᑈৡ࣬ᜢ߯ኧ ........ 76 ߄ 4-23 ၮ٦གӚηᚒکೕࡓၮՉࣁϐҜᅟහᑈৡ࣬ᜢ߯ኧ ............ 77 ߄ 4-24 ၮ่݀යࡑӚηᚒکೕࡓၮՉࣁϐҜᅟහᑈৡ࣬ᜢ߯ኧ ........ 78 ߄ 4-25 ၮᕉნё߈ک܄ೕࡓၮՉࣁϐҜᅟහᑈৡ࣬ᜢ߯ኧ ................ 79 ߄ 4-26 ፄᘜϩϐᔕᡂ߄ .................................................................... 80 ߄ 4-27 ፄᘜϩԾᡂޑࡋהᆶᑩ߯ኧ ............................................ 80 ߄ 4-28 ೕࡓၮՉࣁޑፄᘜϩᄔा߄ .................................................... 81. viii.
(13) 第一章. 緒論. 本章共分六節,包括第一節研究動機與重要性、第二節研究目的、第 三節研究問題、第四節研究假設、第五節名詞界定及第六節研究限制。. 第一節 研究動機與重要性 世界衛生組織(World Health Organization, WHO)近年指出,危害人 類健康有三害,分別為吸菸、不健康的食物及運動不足(引自王玉祥, 2003),且坐式生活型態是人類死亡、疾病及失能(disability)的主要 原因,全球每年有二百多萬人因長時間坐着不動而死亡,預計到 2020 年全球將有 70%的疾病是因坐得太久或缺乏運動引致(世界衛生組織, 2009)。而美國衛生暨福利部(United States Department of Health and Human Services, U.S.DHHS)指出,適度且規律的運動可以降低死亡率、 憂鬱感及因慢性疾病而死亡的危險,並可促進心肺耐力及提升心理上 的幸福安寧,適度的運動同時也是提升生活品質、促進健康的重要因 素,即使中年後才改善運動量,也可以降低總死亡率(U.S.DHHS,1996 ; 2009)。此外,美國運動醫學會(American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM)亦於 2007 年更新的身體活動指南中指出,身體若活動則可減 少慢性疾病及早死的風險(ACSM, 2007)。養成規律的運動習慣有益於. 1.
(14) ႣٛϷ෧Ͽ੯ੰޑวғ(Forshee, Anderson, & Storey, 2004ǹPate, 1995ǹ БໜǴ2001ǹֆቺǴ2006)ǴჹيЈޑӳೀଯၲ 106 ᅿа(ᐽߪ ֻǴ2002ȑ ǴᡉـԖೕࡓޑၮǴჹيᡏ଼நԖವεޑӳೀϷख़ा܄Ƕ Զᖄӝ୯ε ܭ2003 ԃࡰрၮࢂߦ଼நǵ௲ػϷวکѳޑБݤ (United Nations Children's Fund \UNICEF^, 2007)Ǵᡉـၮନߦ଼ நѦǴҭԖշܭ௲ػϐǶ ฅԶǴࣽמၗૻϯϷമᐒఓϯуೲжΓ֤ԄғࢲࠠᄊϷᓉᄊ ϯϐҶ໕ࢲǴΓॺεໆ෧ϿيᡏࢲǴ़ғΑӭ଼நୢᚒǴӵԼ ԺለภǵΠङੵภǵੲമ܈Ӛᅿᄌ܄੯ੰ(ࠧమǵଯ྆ذǵഋࣿᆺǵ ৪⦻ཧǴ2003)Ƕҗ 99 ԃࡋՉࡹଣፁғ୯଼҇நֽȜаΠᙁᆀ୯҇ ଼நֽȝଞჹӄ୯ 15 ྃаԖᙍπբޑπϐፓࡰрǴԖ 77.2% πၮόىЪ҂ၲຼၮ 150 ϩដϐྗǴځύӭၲ 35.6%ޑ πֹӄؒԖၮǴԶᙍπനத଼ـநୢᚒࣁԼԺମᓝለภ(ऊ՞ 29.1%)ǵੲമ(ऊ՞ 27.5%)ϷЈᓸΚୢᚒ(ऊ՞ 22.3%) (୯଼҇நֽǴ 2010)ǶԜѦǴ٩Ᏽ୯଼҇ந଼ֽநኧӷ 123ȜаΠᙁᆀ଼நኧӷ 123ȝ (2007)Ϧϐ 94 ԃޑȨ୯଼҇நೖୢᄤᛰނᔲҔፓȩϷ 97 ԃȨ଼ நՉࣁӒᓀӢηᅱෳȩፓၗᡉҢǴѠӦȐό֖ߎߐǵଭȑ 18 ྃа҇ӧၸѐؒຼٿԖၮޑ՞ 44.2%ǴЪၸѐঁٿᘶࡨǴ18. 2.
(15) Կ 64 ྃ҇ϺΦ֤Ȑόϼȑޑਔ໔Ǵѳ֡ଯၲ 5.38 λਔ(5 λਔ 23 ϩ)Ǵځύ 26 Կ 45 ྃπբΓαࢲόޑى࣬ᝄख़ǴϺΦ ֤όޑਔ໔Ǵѳ֡ଯၲ 7 λਔǴᡉ୯Γ֤ԄғࢲࠠᄊදၹᆶલЮ ၮޑ࣬ᝄख़Ƕ Ξ٩ᏵՉࡹଣᡏہػǵՉࡹଣፁғϷ୯ৎፁғࣴزଣᐒ ᄬӧ 2001 Կ 2004 ԃ໔܌ᒤޑѤӄ୯ፓᡉҢǺऩаຼԿϿၮ 3 ԛаࣁྗǴᆵӦԋԃΓၮՉऊࣁ 30%-35ʘǹύԴ ԃΓၨߙ֧ԃဂଯǶோऩа௲ػӃ܌ගޑȨ333ȩ Ȑຼၮ 3 ԛаǴԛԿϿ 30 ϩដǴϩដЈၢၲ 130 ԛаȑࣁྗǴᆵ ӦԋԃΓαޑၮՉ߾Ԗऊ 14ʘǶඤقϐǴۘԖ߈ 85ʘޑԋ ԃΓۘ҂Ꭶԋೕࡓၮಞᄍ(ЇԾђറЎǵഋ߭ᆺǴ2009)ǶԜѦǴ98 ԃࡋၮࠤѱፓၗҭᡉҢ 98 ԃࡋ୯ϣೕࡓၮΓαԖ 24.4%(ՉࡹଣᡏہػǴ2009)Ǵᡉ୯ΓදၹલЮೕࡓၮಞᄍǴ ୯ΓೕࡓၮಞᄍϐගϲϝԖոΚޜ໔Ƕ ଼நރᄊࢂቹៜᏢಞϷғࢲࠔ፦ޑख़ाӢનǴᎦԋೕࡓၮՉࣁૈ Ԗਏගϲ଼நރᄊǴࣁΑׯ๓୯ΓલЮၮǴԶᎦԋ୯Γၮಞ ᄍǴ߈ԃٰ୯଼҇நֽϷՉࡹଣᡏہػൂՏᑈཱུ୯Γၮ॥ ٠ᔼך୯ၮᕉნǴԜѦǴ௲ػࣁΑᎦᏢғၮՉࣁǴҭᑈཱུ. 3.
(16) ӚԄගϲᏢਠၮ॥ϐࡹǴฅԶǴ98 ԃࡋӚભᏢਠᏢғၮ ୖᆶፓൔᡉҢऊԖ 41.9%ᏢғԖೕࡓၮ(Ϻಕᑈၮ 30 ϩ ដǴЪຼಕᑈၮ 210 ϩដ)ՉࣁǴځύ୯λǵ୯ύǵଯύϷεᏢᏢ ғϐೕࡓၮКϩձࣁ 60%ǵ42.1%ǵ33.4%Ϸ 37.3%Ǵаଯύғೕࡓ ၮՉࣁനեǴЪଯύғёаၮޑਔ໔ҭၨ۳ԃ෧Ͽ(௲ػǴ2009)Ƕ ёૈࢂଯύᏢਠӧѠϲᏢЬကޑቹៜϷР҆ჹηζԵڗᓬذε ᏢޑයࡑΠǴதय़ᖏ؇ख़ϐϲᏢᓸΚǴӢԶ௲ৣǵৎߏϷᏢғܰ ۹ౣᎦԋၮಞᄍϷճҔၮٰගϲᡏૈ଼நୢᚒǶ ᠘ܭ௲ৣӧᏢਠڀԖ࣬ϐቹៜΚǴيځ௲ǵق௲ǴჹᏢғԖు ᇻϐቹៜǴঃؒԖ଼நޑԴৣǴ൩ؒԖ଼நޑᏢғǴ௲ৣࢂᏢਠ௲Ꮲ ЬाΓΚၗྍǴߦ௲ৣୖᆶၮǴёගϲيځЈ଼நǵ௲Ꮲࠔ፦ǵ πբਏϷᆣᆅǴ٠ёᙖҗኳጄբҔǴڈᐟϷቹៜᏢғჹၮޑ ୖᆶΚǶӢԜǴගϲ௲ৣϐၮՉࣁૈߦ௲Ꮲࠔ፦ϐගϲǵமϯਠ ༜ၮ॥ǴฅԶǴ௲ػՉϐӚᏢਠၮ॥ࡹӭаග ϲᏢғᡏૈǵػᏢғಖيၮಞᄍᆶၮ᠘፞ૈΚࣁЬǴၨϿаග ϲ௲ৣᡏૈϷၮಞᄍࣁҞǶࡺࣴޣزᇡࣁΑှ௲ৣޑೕࡓၮՉ ࣁቹៜӢનԖځख़ा܄Ϸሽॶ—Ѐаय़ᖏ؇ख़ϐϲᏢᓸΚϐଯύ௲ৣ ࣁࣗǴёշܭଯύᏢਠᎦԋ௲ৣޑၮ॥ǴԶᘉԿӚભᏢਠǴ. 4.
(17) ԜΏҁࣴزᐒϐǶ ԖᜢᏢਠၮՉࣁزࣴޑεӭаᏢғ(Ֆ࣓ٵǴ2005ǹէનǴ2008ǹ ֈలऍǴ2005ǹ࢙ٵើǴ2010ǹ৪҉ሹǵѶኾǵࡹၰǴ2006ǹྕ ஏݒǴ2008)ǵ୯λ௲ৣ(ഋ౺ǵԢ़ǹ2005ǹഋԋǴ2005ǹླྀࣿ েǴ2010)ǵ୯ύ௲ৣ(ЦຏྍǴ2005ǹ݅٫ኾǴ2006ǹഋᒸکǵ݅మқǵ ݅ৱ፥Ǵ2008ǹ൹ຬဂǴ2005)ǵεᏢ௲ৣ(ФҏࣔǴ1997ǹ݅ཥᓪǴ2006) ࣁЬǴᗛܿᆺȐ2000ȑϐѠчѱҥଯύᏤৣၮՉࣁϷځӢન ፓࣴࡰزрவ٣ ຼ3 ԛԛ 20 ϩដаϐೕࡓၮϐଯύᏤৣԖ 37%ǴฅّϞ 10 ԃ໔୯ϣځдଯύ௲ৣೕࡓၮՉࣁࣁཱུزࣴޑ ีϿǴࢂࡺǴҁࣴزаѠчѱ௲ৣޑϦҥଯύ௲ৣࣁჹຝǴ ೕࡓၮՉࣁޑϷ࣬ځᜢӢનǴаբࣁѠчѱ௲ৣ଼ந ߦीฝϐୖԵǴ٠යૈെଆ௲ൂػՏϷεჹ௲ৣೕࡓၮՉࣁϐ ख़ຎǴԶࣁᏢูϷޗεϐڂጄǹ܈ගٮᏢਠՉࡹൂՏϷࡹ۬ ࣬ᜢߐࡹۓڋਔϐୖԵǴԜΏҁࣴزᐒϐΒǶ. ಃΒ ࣴزҞޑ ҁࣴزЬाӧϦҥଯύ௲ৣϐঁΓङඳӢન(ԃសǵ܄ձǵ௲ ػำࡋǵஆ࠷ݩރǵԾ଼நݩރǵୖуၮޗიᡍ)ǵޗЈӢ. 5.
(18) ન(ၮޗЍǵၮԾךਏૈǵၮ٦གϷၮ่݀යࡑ)ǵၮ ᕉნӢન(ၮഢ܈Ꮤǵၮ)܌ᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁϐ໔ޑᜢ߯Ƕ ஒҁࣴزϐࣴزҞޑᘜયܭΠǺ ǵġ ΑှࣴزჹຝϐঁΓङඳӢનϩѲǶ Βǵġ ΑှࣴزჹຝϐޗЈӢનϩѲǶ Οǵġ ΑှࣴزჹຝϐၮᕉნӢનǶ Ѥǵġ ΑှࣴزჹຝϐೕࡓၮݩǶ ϖǵġ ࣴزჹຝϐঁΓङඳӢનᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁϐ໔ޑᜢ߯Ƕ Ϥǵġ ࣴزჹຝϐޗЈӢનᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁϐ໔ޑᜢ߯Ƕ Ύǵġ ࣴزჹຝϐၮᕉნӢનᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁϐ໔ޑᜢ߯Ƕ Ζǵġ ࣴزჹຝೕࡓၮՉࣁቹៜӢન໔ϐ࣬ჹख़ा܄Ƕ. ಃΟ ࣴزୢᚒ ਥᏵࣴزҞޑǴҁࣴ܌زϐୢᚒӵΠǺ ǵġ ࣴزჹຝঁޑΓङඳӢનϩѲࣁՖǻ Βǵġ ࣴزჹຝޗޑЈӢનϩѲࣁՖǻ Οǵġ ࣴزჹຝޑၮᕉნӢનࣁՖǻ Ѥǵġ ࣴزჹຝޑೕࡓၮՉࣁࣁݩՖǻ. 6.
(19) ϖǵġ ࣴزჹຝޑೕࡓၮՉࣁࢂցӢঁΓङඳӢનϐόӕԶԖᡉ ৡ౦ǻ Ϥǵġ ࣴزჹຝޑೕࡓၮՉࣁࢂցӢޗЈӢનϐόӕԶԖᡉ ৡ౦ǻ Ύǵġ ࣴزჹຝޑೕࡓၮՉࣁࢂցӢၮᕉნӢનϐόӕԶԖᡉ ৡ౦ǻ Ζǵġ ࣴزჹຝೕࡓၮՉࣁቹៜӢન໔ϐ࣬ჹख़ाࣁ܄Ֆǻ. ಃѤ ࣴزଷ ਥᏵࣴزୢᚒǴගрΠӈࣴزଷǺ ǵġ ࣴزჹຝϐၮޗЍᆶځೕࡓၮՉࣁԖᡉ҅ᜢ߯Ƕ Βǵġ ࣴزჹຝϐၮԾךਏૈᆶځೕࡓၮՉࣁԖᡉ҅ᜢ߯Ƕ Οǵġ ࣴزჹຝϐၮ٦གᆶځೕࡓၮՉࣁԖᡉ҅ᜢ߯Ƕ Ѥǵġ ࣴزჹຝϐၮ่݀යࡑᆶځೕࡓၮՉࣁԖᡉ҅ᜢ߯Ƕ ϖǵġ ࣴزჹຝϐၮഢ܈Ꮤޑё߈܄ᆶځೕࡓၮՉࣁԖᡉ҅ ᜢ߯Ƕ Ϥǵġ ࣴزჹຝϐၮޑ܌ё߈܄ᆶځೕࡓၮՉࣁԖᡉ҅ᜢ߯Ƕ. 7.
(20) ಃϖ Ӝຒࣚۓ ᆶҁࣴزԖᜢϐӜຒࣚۓӵΠǺ ǵġ ೕࡓၮՉࣁ(Regular Exercise) ၮᓎࣁຼԿϿ 3 ԛǵԛԿϿុ 30 ϩដа܈ԛԿϿ ុ 10 ϩដЪಕीၲ 30 ϩដаϐύமࡋаޑၮǴӧၮύ ܈ၮখ่״ਔག֎ڥഹ٠ԖࢬԠޑǶ Βǵġ ঁΓङඳӢન ()Ծ଼நݩރǺࣴزჹຝЬᢀຑԾ଼ޑيநࢂӳǵද೯ ܈όӳǶ (Β)ୖуၮޗიᡍǺࡰࣴزჹຝၸѐϖԃ໔(֖ӧ)මୖу ၸޑၮޗიᡍǶ Οǵġ ޗЈӢન ()ၮޗЍ(Social Support for Exercise)Ǻࣴزჹຝޑӕ٣ǵ ܻ϶کৎΓჹځவ٣ೕࡓၮޑЍำࡋǶ (Β)ၮԾךਏૈ(Self-Efficacy for Exercise)Ǻࣴزჹຝӧਸ ნΠჹԾρլ֚ܺᜤǴٰவ٣ೕࡓၮעޑඝำࡋǶ (Ο)ၮ٦ག(Sport Enjoyment)Ǻࣴزჹຝჴሞୖᆶၮ܌ౢғ ᅿ҅ӛޑၮᡍགڙǴ٬ၮޣགډڙ٦ڙǵඍ৹ǵݒ. 8.
(21) ഻ǵזǵᅈىǵܫǵԖԾߞǶ (Ѥ)ၮ่݀යࡑ(Outcome Expectation Value for Exercise)Ǻࣴز ჹຝᇡࣁೕࡓၮႣය่݀วғޑёૈ܄Ϸ่݀ޑख़ा܄Ƕ. ಃϤ ࣴزज़ڋ ҁࣴزӧࣴزБݤϷीΚᝄᙣֹǴՠӢΓΚǵނΚǵ ਔ໔Ϸځд࠼ᢀӢનϐቹៜǴϝԖаΠϐࣴزज़ڋǺ ǵġ ҁࣴزаѠчѱ௲ৣϦҥଯύ௲ৣࣁࣴزჹຝǴ่ࣴز ݀คݤፕԿѠчѱଯύ௲ৣǴѝૈፕԿѠчѱ௲ৣǶ Βǵġ ҁࣴزឦᐉᘐزࣴ܄Ǵคܴݤዴࡰрᡂ໔ϐӢ݀ᜢ߯Ƕ Οǵġ ҁࣴزаࣴزჹຝԾ༤ୢڔБԄՉၗԏǴឦܭ٣ࡕӣᏫǴ ёૈӢࣴزჹຝ༤เਔޑᕉნǵيЈݩރǵӣเཀᜫϷӣ ᏫୃৡӢનǴԋ่݀ёૈԖᙤᇤǶ Ѥǵġ ࣴزჹຝޑೕࡓၮՉࣁёૈۑډڙϷংޑቹៜǴࡺࣴ ่݀زѝૈж߄ԜۑϐೕࡓၮՉࣁǴёૈคݤፕځдۑ ܈ӄԃϐೕࡓၮՉࣁǶ. 9.
(22) 10.
(23) ಃΒക Ў ҁകӅϩѤǴхࡴಃೕࡓၮՉࣁޑǵಃΒঁΓङ ඳӢનᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁޑᜢ߯ǵಃΟޗЈӢનᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁ ޑᜢ߯ϷಃѤၮᕉნӢનᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁޑᜢ߯Ƕ. ಃ ೕࡓၮՉࣁޑ ҁЎޑϣхࡴೕࡓၮՉࣁۓޑကǵೕࡓၮՉࣁޑ ෳໆǵೕࡓၮՉࣁჹ଼நޑቹៜϷ୯ϣ௲ৣೕࡓၮՉࣁޑݩǴ ϩॊӵΠǺ. ǵೕࡓၮՉࣁۓޑက ჹ଼நԖϐၮीฝԵໆᓎǵၮமࡋϷុਔ໔ྗ (ύ҇୯଼يၮڐǴ2004)Ƕҗܭόӕ୯ৎǵဂǵਔޜङඳǴ ჹܭၮᓎǵமࡋϷុਔ໔ёૈԖόӕϐࡌྗǴԶೕࡓၮ ϐۓကҭӢਔǵӢӦ܈ەڋঅुǴදၹፋፕϐೕࡓၮࢂࡰᅿ ԖीჄǵԖಔᙃǵϸᙟޑǵԖҞޑޑᆢߦ܈ᡏૈيޑᡏࢲǴ Ҟࢂޑाߦߥ܈ᡏૈǶฅೕࡓၮჹ଼நϐቹៜۘሡԵቾঁᡏϐ ৡ౦Ǵӵᒪǵ܄ձǵԃសǵ଼நݩރǵيᡏಔԋаϷځдӢનǴӢ Ԝऍ୯ၮᙴᏢ(ACSM)ǵך୯Չࡹଣፁғǵ௲ػൂՏǴࣣӚ 11.
(24) ձගрϷঅ҅όӕޑၮࡌྗǴᘜયӵΠ߄(߄ 2-1)Ƕӵऍ୯ ၮᙴᏢӃ ܭ1990 ԃஒೕࡓၮۓကࣁ଼நԋΓᔈຼԖ 3 Կ 5 ԛޑၮǴԛၮុ 20~60 ϩដǴЪၮமࡋሡၲനεЈၢኧϐ 60%~90%܈നε਼ໆϐ 50%~85%ޑԖ਼܄ၮǴаׯ๓܈ᆢЈ ޤૈǴࡕΞ ܭ2007 ԃׯ׳ೕࡓၮࡌໆࣁຼၮ 5 ԛǴԛԿ Ͽុ 10 ϩដЪಕीၲ 30 ϩដаϐύமࡋаޑၮ(ACSM, 1990ǹ2007)ǹՉࡹଣፁғ(1994)ӧȨ୯҇ߥ଼ीฝȩύǴஒೕࡓၮ ಞᄍۓကࣁຼவ٣ၮԿϿ 3 ԛǴЪԛԿϿाԖ 20 ϩដаޑ ၮǴωᆀࣁೕࡓၮǹԶ௲ػ߾Ӄ ܭ1999 ԃܭӄ୯ӚભᏢਠ Ȩᡏૈ 333ȩीฝǴࡌᏢғຼၮ 3 ԛǴԛၮ 30 ϩដЪ Јၢၲϩដ 133 ԛǴࡕ௲ػΞ ܭ2007 ԃගঀȨࢲזीฝȩǴ ࡌ܌ԖᏢғϺԿϿၮ 30 ϩដǴຼಕीၮ 210 ϩដǴаቚ Ꮲғᡏૈ(௲ػǴ1999ǹ2007)Ƕ ҁࣴୖزԵаЎϐ࣬ᜢۓကǴஒೕࡓၮՉࣁࣁۓԿϿຼ 3 ԛǵԛԿϿុ 30 ϩដа܈ԛԿϿុ 10 ϩដЪಕीၲ 30 ϩដаϐύமࡋаޑၮǴЪӧၮύ܈ၮখ่״ਔག ֎ڥഹ٠ԖࢬԠޑǶ. 12.
(25) ԿϿ 7 Ϻ/ຼ. ၗٰྍǺࢫ၃൛Ǵ2011Ƕ. ௲ػ(2007). ௲ػ(1999). Չࡹଣፁғ(1994) Չࡹଣፁғ(1998) Չࡹଣፁғ(2002). ACSM(2007)ǵ U.S.DHHS(2008). ACSM (1998). ACSM (1995). 3-5 Ϻ/ຼ. ACSM(1990). ၮமࡋ. ុਔ໔. ၮࠠᄊ. ଼நԋԃΓ ଼நԋԃΓ ଼நԋԃΓ. ଼நԋԃΓ. ෧Ͽᄌޑੰ܄ ӒᓀӢη ෧Ͽᄌޑੰ܄ ӒᓀӢη. ගϲ଼நԋΓ Јޤфૈ. Ҟ ޑ/ Ҕ ჹຝ. 13. Ꮲਠᡏ ૈ௲ػǴගϲ Ꮲғᡏૈ ϺԿϿಕᑈ 30 ϩǵ ܄ەЪᐟਗ਼ำࡋ Ꮲғ ຼಕᑈ 210 ϩដǶ يޑᡏࢲ. നεЈၢၲ 60~90Ǵ ܈20 ډ60 ϩដೱុ܄Ԗ਼ ٬ҔεԼԺဂǵុ܄ നεԖ਼ૈΚၲ 50~85 ၮ Ԗ਼ၮǴӵǺوၡǵ າǵ፯ًǵෞݚ 6-7 Ϻ/ຼ ύࡋ(3 ډ6METs) ಕᑈԿϿ 30 ϩដࢲ ԿϿوזமࡋޑҺՖ يᡏࢲ 6-7 Ϻ/ຼ നεЈၢၲ 55~90ʝ ಕᑈԿϿ 30 ϩដࢲ ԿϿوזமࡋޑҺՖ ܈നεԖ਼ૈΚၲ 40ʝ يᡏࢲ ~85ʝ 5 Ϻ/ຼ ಕी 30 ϩដύமࡋၮ وזǵ᚛ဌ፯ًǵၢᆸ (ԛಕीޑၮሡ Ƕ ុ 10 ϩដа)Ƕ ԿϿ 3 ԛ/ຼ 20 ϩដೱុ܄ၮ ԿϿ 3 ԛ/ຼ നεЈၢၲ 60 а 20 ډ30 ϩដೱុ܄ၮ ԿϿ 3 ԛ/ຼ നεЈၢၲ 60 аǴ 20 ϩដаೱុ܄ၮ ٬ҔεԼဂǴڀࡓ ัࢬԠ٠ԾԖᗺഹΞ ܄ǴёΦՉЪΞܰ όϼഹǶ ܭԾךޑڋӄ܄ي ၮǴջаԖ਼ၮࣁ ЬǶ ԿϿ 3 Ϻ/ຼ Јၢၲ 130 ԛ/ϩ 30 ϩដೱុ܄ၮ ܄ەЪᐟਗ਼ำࡋ يޑᡏࢲ. ᓎ. Ў. ߄ 2- 1 ೕࡓၮࡌྗ࣬ᜢࣴز.
(26) ΒǵೕࡓၮՉࣁޑෳໆ ӧၮՉࣁࣽᏢሦୱύǴςวрӭၮޑຑБԄǶLaporteǴ Montoye کAspersen(1985)༼ԖᜢෳໆၮՉࣁزࣴޑၗࡰрຑ ၮޑБݤԖ 30 ӭᅿаǴёཷϩࣁΎᜪǴхࡴǺ1.ໆෳۓȐޔ ௗݤᆶ໔ௗݤȑ ǵ2.ፓݤȐӣᏫݤᆶВݤȑ ǵ3.ғෳໆǵ4.Չࣁᢀ ჸݤǵ5.ႝηሺᏔᅱෳǵ6.१ෳໆǵ7.πբᜪࠠϩᜪݤǶᅿБݤ ࣣځڀᓬલᗺǴᔈଞჹࣴزϐঁձ܄ǵࣴزჹຝϐဂϷ፦Զ ᒧҔǶBouchard(2000)ϷߋႠǵᅸ(2005)ࡰрෳໆБԄޑᒧ Եቾኬҁኧελǵԋҁǵਔ໔ϷπߞޑڀਏࡋǴаᒧനӝϐෳ ໆБԄǶჹኬҁኧၨεޑဂᡏՉၮՉࣁޑෳໆਔǴၨதаፓݤ ࣁЬ(ដדமǴ1999)Ƕ ୯ϣǵѦӭጇၮࣣࣴزаӣᏫፓݤᔠຎࣴزჹຝϐၮǴ хࡴၮᅿᜪǵਔ໔ǵᓎǵ܌ϷமࡋǴЪᡉҢҔӣᏫፓݤᔠ ෳၮڀࢂԖؼӳߞޑਏࡋ(Bowles, Morrow, Leonard, Hawkins, & Couzelis, 2002ǹChen & Chang, 2004ǹKelsey et al., 2006ǹЦᑯǵ ൜Ǵ2006ǹէનǴ2008ǹ࢙ٵើǴ2010ǹࢫૠǴ2010ǹలǴ 2008ǹᅸޱǴ2004ǹഋऴǴ2005ǹഋऍǴ2001ǹࠧమΓǴ. 14.
(27) 2003ǹἃಹǴ2003ǹླྀ๐ǵޱǵฐǵഋऍӵǴ2007ǹᐽ లǴ2006ǹᒘ֮પǴ2004)Ƕ җаЎёޕǴӣᏫፓૈݤԖਏޑຑࣴزჹຝޑၮǴ ԶԾ༤ԄୢڔፓࣁݤҞதҔЪԖਏϐӣᏫፓزࣴݤБݤϐǴ ࡺҁࣴزҭஒ௦ҔԜБԄՉࣴزჹຝޑೕࡓၮՉࣁϐࣴزǶ. ΟǵೕࡓၮՉࣁჹ଼நޑቹៜ ଼நࢂࡰؒԖ੯ੰǴ٠ЪӧғǵЈϷޗૈၲؼډӳӼ ރޑᄊǶၸ଼நߦёڐշΓॺׯᡂՉࣁǴᆢៈ٠ቚ଼நǴ Զගଯғࢲࠔ፦ڂޑጄ(݊ϡǵถǴ2000)ǶԶၮ൩ࢂځύࡽ ᔮΞനԖਏ଼ޑநߦБ࢙(ݤችǵដᛏ੧Ǵ2005)Ƕऍ୯ፁғᄤ ᅽճ(U.S.DHHS, 1996ǹ2009)ᘜયၮᆶ଼நБय़زࣴޑᡉҢǴೕ ࡓၮԖܭғǵЈϷ଼ޗநǴϩॊӵΠǺ. () ғ଼ந ࣴࡰزрೕࡓၮёаߦЈޤऐΚǴႣٛЈՈᆅ੯ੰǵ ଯՈᓸǵႣٛޥऔǵ₽ԝ(Sudden death) (ACSM, 2000ǹU.S.DHHS, 1996ǹ2009ǹৎǵীীǴ2009)ǵफ़ե߷ેރ੯ੰϐӒ ᓀӢηǵफ़եԝΫᆶᑡੰ(ACSM, 2000)ǵׯ๓ᜢࢲޑ. 15.
(28) ૈΚǵ෧եрମ፦౧ޑᐒǵૈуೲཥഋжᖴǵ෧Ͽဈለ ङภ(ৎǵীীǴ2009)ǵமϯխࣝسфૈǵႣٛᑡᕎ ੱ(ഋߪ۸Ǵ2002)Ǵ٠ё٬ମᓝᡂள׳ம֧(݅௴οǵಷ݅ǵ ڬঙǵကകǵࣿྡྷǴ2001)Ƕ ԜѦǴࠧమΓ(2003)ࡰрೕࡓၮԖշܭᙍπႣٛ ᙍੰ্ǴӵԼԺለภǵΠङภǵੲമ܈Ӛᅿᄌੰ܄Ƕ. (Β) Ј଼ந ೕࡓၮჹЈ଼நޑೀхࡴफ़եኁቾǵቚ۩ᅽགǵ ගϲғࢲࠔ፦(ACSM, 2000ǹU.S.DHHS, 1996ǹ2009)ǵỜှғ ࢲᓸΚ(ACSM, 2000ǹU.S.DHHS, 1996ǹ2009ǹৎǵীীǴ 2009ǹഋ౺ǵԢ़Ǵ2005ǴᐽߪֻǴ2002)ǵቚуӼགǵ πբ߄(ACSM, 2000) ǵቚமπբਔޑΦΚ(ৎǵীীǴ 2009)Ƕ. (Ο) ଼ޗந ჹঁޗԶقǴၮёаफ़եԴϯೲࡋǵ෧Ͽ੯ੰޑᑡ ǵ෧ϿᙴᕍၗྍᆶҔޑЍрϷޗԋҁޑЍр(U.S.DHHS, 1996ǹ2009)ǴԶቹៜғࢲࠔ፦Ϸ୯ৎᔮ(ጰӺǵדԋǴ 2005)Ǵ٠ёගϲғࢲᅈཀࡋϷғࢲࠔ፦(ᐽߪֻǴ2002)Ƕ 16.
(29) җаЎёޕǴೕࡓၮჹ௲ৣ଼ޑநǴόፕࢂғ଼ந ܈Ј଼நתᄽࡐख़ाفޑՅǴЪԖշ଼ޗܭநϐวǶ. Ѥǵ୯ϣ௲ৣೕࡓၮՉࣁޑݩ ӭࣴزςჴೕࡓၮჹ଼நޑೀǴோ٩Ᏽ 99 ԃࡋ୯଼҇ந ֽଞჹӄ୯ 15 ྃаԖᙍπբޑπϐፓࡰрǴԖ 77.2%πၮ όىЪ҂ၲຼၮ 150 ϩដϐྗ(୯଼҇நֽǴ2010)Ǵ97 ԃϐ Ȩ଼நՉࣁӒᓀӢηᅱෳȩፓၗᡉҢǴԖ 44.2% 18 ྃаϐѠ ӦȐό֖ߎߐǵଭȑ҇ӧၸѐؒຼٿԖၮǶԶՉࡹଣᡏہػ 98 ԃࡋࡼࡹᕮਏൔҭᡉҢǴ98 ԃࡋ 13 ྃаԖவ٣ೕࡓ܄ၮ (ຼԿϿၮ 3 ԛǵԛԿϿ 30 ϩដǴЪԖࢬԠ܈ഹ)ޑ୯Γѝ Ԗ 24.4%(ՉࡹଣᡏہػǴ2009)ǶԜѦǴഋᗶǵᖴٖܱ(2003)ම ࡰрǴ15 ྃаԖவ٣ೕࡓ܄ၮޑ୯ΓѝԖ 32.48%ǹ݅ྷ(1991) ଞჹ୯଼҇நፓࣴࡰزрǴ25 Կ 44 ྃԖவ٣ೕࡓၮޑ୯ΓѝԖ 29.2%ǴᡉҢ୯ΓϐೕࡓၮόᅰགྷǶ Զ߈ԃٰ୯ϣӭࣴزҭඟ㇞୯ϣ௲ৣೕࡓၮՉࣁޑКऊӧ 17.79%-37.00%ϐ໔ǴӵǴՖ㗟Ꮶ(2003) ࡰрѠࠄᑜ୯λ௲ৣೕࡓၮ ՉࣁКࣁ 19.10%ǹഋ౺ǵԢ़(2005)ࡰр୯λζ܄௲ৣԖೕ ࡓၮՉࣁޣ՞ 33.90%ǹഋᒸکǵ݅మқǵ݅ৱ፥(2008)ࡰрԖ 33.30% 17.
(30) ݅ᑜЏϤѱ୯ύ௲ৣԖೕࡓၮՉࣁǹФҏࣔ(1997)аҬ೯εᏢ௲ ৣࣁٯϐࣴزǴࡰрεᏢ௲ৣೕࡓၮՉࣁК ࣁٯ17.79%Ǵᡉ୯ϣ ௲ৣவ٣ೕࡓၮϝԖࡑගϲǶ௲ৣೕࡓၮ࣬ᜢϐࣴزӵ Π߄(߄ 2-2)Ǻ ߄ 2- 2 ୯ϣ௲ৣೕࡓၮՉࣁϐࣴز வ٣ೕࡓၮ К(%). ࣴ(ޣزԃҽ). ࣴزჹຝ. Фҏࣔ(1997). εᏢ௲ৣǴ195 Γ. 17.79. ণᄆ(1999). ୯λ௲ৣǴ333 Γ. 31.50. ੀᄆ(2000). ୯λ௲ৣǴ433 Γ. 27.50. ᗛܿᆺ(2000). ଯύᏤৣǴ423 Γ. 37.00. Ֆ㗟Ꮶ(2003). ୯λ௲ৣǴ529 Γ. 19.10. ୯ᑫ(2003). ୯λ௲ৣǴ366 Γ. 31.70. ᔎؼӄ(2003). ୯λ௲ৣǴ1,102 Γ. 24.04. Ԣ़(2004). ୯λ௲ৣǴ284 Γ. 25.40. ഋ౺ǵԢ़(2005). ୯λζ௲ৣǴ284 Γ. 33.90. ഋԋ(2005). ୯λζ௲ৣǴ664 Γ. 24.70. ഋᒸکǵ݅మқǵ݅ৱ፥(2008). ୯ύ௲ৣǴ269 Γ. 33.30. ླྀࣿে(2010) ၗٰྍǺࢫ၃൛Ǵ2011Ƕ. ୯λ௲ৣǴ1,264 Γ. 29.90. 18.
(31) ಃΒ ঁΓङඳӢનᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁޑᜢ߯ ҁЎޑϣхࡴԃសǵ܄ձǵ௲ػำࡋǵஆ࠷ݩރǵԾ ଼நݩރϷୖуၮޗიᡍǴϩॊӵΠǺ ǵԃស ࣴزᡉҢၮՉࣁӢԃសԶԖ܌όӕ(Ֆ㗟ᏦǴ2003ǹ৪҉ሹ ΓǴ2006ǹণᄆǴ1999)ǴදၹύԃΓၮՉࣁϿܭԃᇸΓᆶԴԃΓ (ՉࡹଣᡏہػǴ2006ǹ2007ǹ2008ǹ2009ǹ݅ྷǴ1991ǹഋ ಹǵើǴ2001ǹ൹ᆵᖏǴ2006ȑǶฅԶǴ٩ᏵՉࡹଣᡏہػ 94 ԃၮࠤѱ௨Չᄦፓ่݀ᡉҢԖ 16.6%ϐߙϿԃ (18-29 ྃ)Ԗೕࡓ ၮಞᄍǹԖ 10.5%ϐߙ֧ԃ(30-39 ྃ)ԖೕࡓၮಞᄍǹԖ 19.9%ϐ ύԃΓ(50-59 ྃ)ԖೕࡓၮಞᄍǹԖ 16.9%ϐԴԃΓ(60 ྃа) Ԗೕ ࡓၮಞᄍǴᡉύԃΓϐೕࡓၮՉࣁଯߙܭϿԃǵߙ֧ԃϷԴԃ Γ (ՉࡹଣᡏہػǴ2005)Ƕ ฅԶ SternfeldǴAinsworth کQuesenberry (1999)ଞჹ 2,636 Տ 20 Կ 65 ྃޑζၮՉࣁፓวԃសᆶଶࡕζၮՉࣁևॄ࣬ ᜢǹ٠ԖࣴࡰزрೕࡓၮՉࣁᒿԃសޑቚуԶԖ෧Ͽޑᖿ༈ (Estabrooks, Glasgow, & Dzewaltowski, 2003ǹU.S.DHHS, 1996ǹ൹ᆵ ᖏǴ2006ȑǴЪਥᏵ୯଼҇நֽ 97 ԃϐȨ଼நՉࣁӒᓀӢηᅱෳȩፓ. 19.
(32) ၗǴ18 Կ 44 ྃԖၮಞᄍϐߙ֧ԃԖ 56.29ʘǴ45-64 ྃԖၮ ಞᄍϐύԃΓԖ 55.79ʘǹ65 ྃаԖၮಞᄍϐԴԃΓԖ 52.92ʘǴ ҭᡉҢԃសຫεǴၮޑКϸԖफ़եϐ଼(நኧӷ 123Ǵ2007)Ƕ ԜѦǴҭԖࣴزวԃសຫεǴவ٣ೕࡓၮКཇଯȐФҏ ࣔǴ1997ǹֆች࣓Ǵ1996ǹ҅วǴ2000ǹறذǵࠬຽဂǴ1995ǹ דԋǵ৪౺ܴǵ৪⡧దǵҡᘑǵᔎܿচǴ2003ǹণᄆǴ1999ǹ ੀᄆǴ2000ǹླྀࣿেǴ2010ǹᗛܿᆺǴ2000ȑǶϷԃសᆶೕࡓၮ Չࣁ٠คᡉ࣬ᜢ(ើǵഌ֡ӼǵໜӼǵऍᆢǵዐ᫉ᐪǵᎅصฑǴ 1995ǹࢫૠǴ2010ǹഋذ੧Ǵ1999ǹഋऍǴ2001ȑǶ җаЎᡉǴԃសჹೕࡓၮՉࣁޑቹៜϝڀόዴ܄ۓǴӢ ԜҁࣴزஒԃសᆶϦҥଯύ௲ৣೕࡓၮޑᜢ߯Ƕ. Βǵ܄ձ ςԖࣴزᡉҢၮՉࣁӢ܄ձԶԖ܌όӕǴ܄تவ٣ၮՉࣁ ޑКଯܭζ( ܄Tudor-Locke, Ainsworth, Adair, & Popkin, 2003ǹ Twisk, Kemper, & Mechelen, 2002ǹՉࡹଣᡏہػǴ2009ǹՖ㗟ᏦǴ 2003ǹ݅ە፣Ǵ2004ǹ৪҉ሹΓǴ2006ǹଯ྆ذǵࠧమǴ2000ǹ ੀᄆǴ2000ǹྕஏݒǴ2008ǹቅቹఘǵഋߪ۸ǵጯҥนǴ2004ǹᐽ ދᒑǴ2004ǹᗛܿᆺǴ2000)ǶԶਥᏵ 99 ԃࡋ୯଼҇நֽଞჹӄ୯ 15 20.
(33) ྃаԖᙍπբޑπϐፓࡰрǴᙍπຼၮຬၸ 210 ϩ ដ(܄تޣ19.2%)ଯܭζ(܄12.9%)ǹຼၮ 120-180 ϩដ(܄تޣ7.3%) ଯܭζ(܄5.9%)ǹຼၮ 30-90 ϩដ(܄تޣ39.5%)ଯܭζ ܄43.9%)ǹ ֹӄؒԖၮ(܄تޣ33.9%)եܭζ(܄37.3%)ǴᡉҢ܄تၨζܰ܄வ٣ ၮՉࣁǴЪಕीၮਔ໔܄تҭଯܭζ( ܄୯଼҇நֽǴ2010) ǴՉ ࡹଣᡏہػ 94-98 ԃࡋၮࠤѱፓ่݀ҭࣣᡉҢ܄تឦܭೕࡓ ၮΓαޑКٯଯܭζ(܄Չࡹଣᡏہػǹ2005ǹ2006ǹ2007ǹ2008ǹ 2009)Ƕ ԜѦǴԖ٤ࣴزԖόӕ่݀زࣴޑǴדԋΓȐ2003ȑϐࣴز ҭวᆵӦ 65 ྃаԴΓζ܄ၨ܄تதೕࡓၮǶԶഋذ੧ (1999)ჹԴΓၮՉࣁϷ҅ว(2000)ჹ୯λᏢғৎߏϐၮୖᆶ ϐࣴ߾่݀زᡉҢၮӧ܄ձ٠คᡉৡ౦Ƕ җаЎᡉҢǴεӭزࣴޑᡉҢޑ܄تೕࡓၮККζ܄ଯǴ ࡺҁࣴزஒ܄ձӈΕࣴزᡂύǶ. Οǵ௲ػำࡋ Bopp Γ(2006)ࣴဴߚزऍ୯܄تϷζي܄ᡏࢲቹៜӢηϐࣴ زᡉҢߚဴऍ୯ζ܄ϐࢲيǵၮՉࣁᆶځ௲ػำࡋԋ҅ӛᡉ࣬ ᜢǴԶ୯ϣӭኧࣴزҭࡰрǴ௲ػำࡋཇଯޣǴவ٣ၮޑКຫଯ(Չ 21.
(34) ࡹଣᡏہػǴ2005ǹើΓǴ1995ǹ◖ۑ੧ǵ಄ࡾऍǴ1992ǹ ݅ۗባǵқలችǵֆҏࣔǵᛥΪἃǵᖴΓണǴ2004ǹಷૠዅǴ2002ǹ דԋΓǴ2003ǹമπӼӄࣴ܌زǴ2007ǹླྀࣿেǴ2010)Ƕ ฅԶǴનጃ(2005)ࣴزѠύӦ҇ޗၮวǴεᏢ() Ꮲᐕϐ҇ୖᆶၮၨځдᏢᐕϐٰ҇ளեǴՉࡹଣᡏہػ 95-98 ԃࡋၮࠤѱፓ่݀߾ᡉҢεᏢᏢᐕ(23.7%)҇ೕࡓၮ КٯനଯǴځԛࣁࣽᏢᐕǴറγᏢᐕ(10.3%)҇Кٯനե(Չࡹଣ ᡏہػǴ2006)ǹ୯λаΠᏢᐕ(28.4%)҇ೕࡓၮКٯၨӭǴ ځԛࣁ୯ύᏢᐕ(24.3%)ǴࣽᏢᐕ(15.4%)҇КٯၨϿ(Չࡹଣᡏػ ہǴ2007)ǹа୯λаΠ(29.3%)ᆶ୯ύ(29.1%)Ꮲᐕឦܭೕࡓၮ ΓαޑКٯၨଯǴԶᅺγᏢᐕ(20.5%)КٯനեǴځԛࢂࣽ(21.5%)Ǵ ӆٰࢂଯύᙍ(22.4%)ᆶεᏢ(22.9%)Ꮲᐕ(ՉࡹଣᡏہػǴ2008)ǹ റγ(33.2%)ǵ୯ύ(30.0%)ᆶ୯λаΠ(28.9%)ᏢᐕឦܭೕࡓၮΓα ޑКٯၨଯǴԶᅺγᏢᐕ(19.9%)КٯനեǴځԛࣁࣽ(21.5%)ǵεᏢ Ꮲᐕ(22.3%) (ՉࡹଣᡏہػǴ2009)Ƕ ԜѦǴMarcusǴPintoǴSimkinǴAudrain کTayloȐ1994ȑଞჹᙍ ζزࣴޑ܌܄Ǵว௲ػำࡋᆶζޑ܄ၮୖᆶݩރ٠คᡉ࣬ ᜢǴЪֆ٫(܃2009)ǵഋऍ(2001)ΨࡰрၮՉࣁᆶ௲ػำࡋคᡉ. 22.
(35) ࣬ᜢǶ җаЎᡉǴ௲ػำࡋჹೕࡓၮՉࣁޑቹៜϝڀόዴ܄ۓǴ ӢԜǴҁࣴزஒ௲ػำࡋᆶϦҥଯύ௲ৣೕࡓၮޑᜢ߯Ƕ. Ѥǵஆ࠷ݩރ ςԖࣴزᡉҢၮՉࣁӢஆ࠷ݩރԶԖ܌όӕǴ҂ஆޣவ٣ၮ ՉࣁޑКଯܭςஆ(ޣSternfeld et al., 1999ǹறذǵࠬဂǴ 1995)ǴՉࡹଣፁғȐ2008ȑҭࡰрςஆζவ٣ၮޑКၨӕԃ សՠ҂ஆޣեǴԖ 56ʘа ޑ26-55 ྃςஆζ܄ᇡࣁલЮਔ໔ᆶৎ ೢҺᕷख़ज़ڋΑၮୖޑᆶǴᡉҢஆ࠷ݩރёૈቹៜζ܄வ٣ၮ ϐཀᜫǶฅԶՖ㗟Ꮶ(2003)߾ࡰрςஆϐ୯λ௲ৣၨ҂ஆϐ୯λ௲ৣ Ԗၨ٫ϐೕࡓၮՉࣁǹഋ܃։Ȑ2005ȑزࣴޑҭᡉҢ҂ஆޣȐ15.7%ȑ КςஆޣȐ26%ȑၨϿԖೕࡓၮಞᄍǴёૈࢂ҂ஆޣԾຑيᡏݩރ ࡐӳޑКȐ47.7%ȑКςஆޣȐ31.0%ȑӭǹςஆޣК҂ஆޣၨӭவ ٣ೕࡓ܄ၮǴёૈᆶଛଽ໔࣬ϕගᒬϷഉՔၮԖᜢȐ݅ՙǵྕ ௴ٖǵፁ؊ЎǴ2007ǹדԋǴ2003ȑǶ ԜѦǴҭԖࣴࡰزрၮՉࣁᆶஆ࠷ݩރคᡉৡ౦(Chen & Chang, 2004ǹSteptoe, Rink, & Kerry, 2000ǹᅸᗪǴ2001ǹࢫૠǴ 2010ǹഋऍǴ2001ǹૠǴ2003)Ǵণᄆ(1999)ҭࡰр୯λ௲ৣ 23.
(36) ϐஆ࠷ݩރᆶځவ٣ೕࡓၮՉࣁ໔คᡉৡ౦Ƕ җаЎᡉǴஆ࠷ݩރჹೕࡓၮՉࣁޑቹៜϝڀόዴ܄ۓǴ ӢԜǴҁࣴزஒஆ࠷ݩރᆶϦҥଯύ௲ৣೕࡓၮޑᜢ߯Ƕ. ϖǵԾ଼நݩރ ፏӭࣴࡰزрǴԾ଼நݩރᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁԖᡉᜢ߯ǴԾ ଼நރᄊຫӳޣǴவ٣ೕࡓၮКၨଯǶঁΓԾ଼நݩރၨ ৡਔǴ߾ၨόவ٣ၮǴҭջԾ଼நݩރᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁԖᡉޑ ҅࣬ᜢ(Duffy, 1988; Duffy, Rossow, & Hernandez, 1996; Resnick & Nigg, 2003; Shephard, 1978; Sindey & Shephard, 1982; Weitzel, 1989; Wolinsky, Stump, & Clark, 1995; ֈܱܴǵٍߪڑǵ݊ϡǴ2002ǹ ࡘܕǴ2000 ᅸᗪǴ2001ǹ݅ስǴ2004ǹࢫૠǴ2010ǹचѯݒǵ ݅҅தǵֆቺǴ2003ǹଯ྆ذǵࠧమǴ2000ǹలǴ2008ǹ ᅸޱǴ2004ǹ᐀ЎǴ2000ǹૠǴ2003ǹᗛܿᆺǴ2000)Ƕ җаزࣴޑวǴԾ଼நݩރၨӳޣǴၨܰவ٣ೕࡓၮՉ ࣁǴࡺҁࣴزஒԾ଼நݩރӈΕࣴزᡂύǶ. Ϥǵୖуၮޗიᡍ ӭࣴزᡉҢǴԖୖᆶၮޗიޣǴځೕࡓၮՉࣁޑКၨ ଯ (Sallis, Zakarian, Hovell, & Hofstetter, 1996; Ֆ࣓ٵǴ2005ǹֆ٫܃Ǵ 24.
(37) 2009ǹܴᏦǴ1998ǹܕࡘǴ2000ǹలǴ2008ǹഋذ੧Ǵ1999ǹ ዐऍҏǴ1996ǹഋऍࡿǴ2006)ǴԶ Washington Γ(2001)ᇡࣁୖᆶၮ იᡏԖշܭೕࡓၮՉࣁϐᎦԋǴЪ Willis کCambell(1992)ࡰрම ӧᏢਠୖуၸၮ࣬ᜢࢲޑΓǴВࡕவ٣ೕࡓၮޑКٯၨଯǶӧ ᙍπୖуၮޗიᡍᆶೕࡓၮᜢ߯ϐࣴزύǴचѯݒΓ (2003)ࡰрၮಞᄍࡌޑҥᆶᎦԋǴᆶၸѐऍӳၮᡍԖᜢǴԖୖ уၮიᡏޑᙍπǴၨதவ٣ೕࡓၮȐዐऍҏǴ1996ȑǶ җаࣴزวၸѐԖୖуၮიᡏޣǴၨܰவ٣ೕࡓၮǶӢ ԜǴҁࣴزஒၸѐԖคୖуၮიᡏᡍӈΕࣴزᡂύǶ. ಃΟ ޗЈӢનᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁޑᜢ߯ ҁЎޑϣхࡴၮޗЍǵၮԾךਏૈǵၮ٦ གϷၮ่݀යࡑǴϩॊӵΠǺ ǵၮޗЍ ޗЍࢂࡰҺՖՉ܈ՉࣁჹঁΓӧଓҞǵᅈىሡޑ ݩރۓΠ܌ౢғޑբҔǴ೭ᅿЍाҗௗٰޣڙᑽໆ(Tolsdorf,1976)Ƕ Cohen کSymeȐ1985ȑஒޗЍۓကࣁࢂдΓ܌ගޑٮၗྍǴԶε ӭޗޑЍࢂٰԾܭৎޑԋǵܻ϶аϷځдჹঁΓڀԖਸཀ. 25.
(38) ကޣǶࣴࡰزрǴޗЍቹៜၮՉࣁȐSherwood & Jeffery, 2000; ᅸᗪǴ2001ȑǴၮਔԖคუՔǵࢂցᕇளৎΓǵܻ϶Ѝࣣ ࣁගଯঁΓၮՉࣁޑख़ाӢનȐYoung, Gittelsohn, Charleston, Felix-Aaron & Appel, 2001ȑǴՉࡹଣፁғ(2008)ҭࡰрޗЍࢂ ،ۓζ܄வ٣ၮޑख़ाӢનǴЀࢂځৎޑЍǶ లृǵቅᆧᖚǵࢫЎᆝȐ2002ȑεᏢζғၮಞᄍϐޗ ЈӢનࡰزࣴޑрǴԖຫӭၮޗЍޣǴځၮՉࣁ߄ຫ ӳǶԜѦǴٰԾР҆ϷӕᏆޗޑЍҭࣁቹៜၮՉࣁޑख़ाᡂ ȐProchaska, Rodgers, & Sallis,2002ǹWallance, Buckworth, Kirby, & Sherman, 2000ȑǶKeresztesǴPikoǴPluhar کPage (2008)ଞჹߙϿԃ ᡏࢲػϐޗቹៜΚزࣴޑᡉҢǴР҆ϷӕᏆޑЍࢂࢂߙϿԃவ ٣ᡏૈࢲޑख़ाቚமٰྍǶߙϿԃΕεᏢࡕǴР҆ޑቹៜΚ ᡂλ (Lau, Quadel, & Hartman, 1990)ǴԶԜ໘ࢤӕᏆޑޑၮޗЍ ቹៜനε(Lau et al., 1990;ֈలऍǴ2005ǹܕࡘǴ2000)Ƕ ԜѦǴChen کChang(2004)ሌՉᙍζޑၮՉࣁࣴز ᡉҢǴၮޗЍࣁᙍζϐၮՉࣁޑख़ाቹៜᡂǶӭࣴ زҭᡉҢၮޗЍຫଯޣǴၮՉࣁຫӳǴЪຫܰவ٣ೕࡓၮ (Chen & Chang, 2004; էનǴ2008ǹࢫૠǴ2010ǹᔎؼӄǴ2002ǹ. 26.
(39) ᗛܿᆺǴ2000)Ƕ җаࣴزวǴၮޗЍቹៜঁΓவ٣ၮޑՉࣁǶ ၮޗЍຫӭǴ൩ຫܰᎦԋϷߥೕࡓၮಞᄍǶёـၮޗ Ѝࢂೕࡓၮޑख़ाቹៜӢનϐǴࡺҁࣴزஒၮޗЍӈ ΕࣴزᡂϐύǶ. ΒǵၮԾךਏૈ Schunk کCarbonari(1984)ᇡࣁԾךਏૈࢂঁΓჹԾρനଯૈΚ ۺߞޑǴԶߚ҅ૈޑΚǴЪዴঁۓΓӧۓნΠۓՉࣁޑԾך ਏૈࡐख़ाǹҭջԾךਏૈࢂࡰᅿঁΓ࣬ߞԾρёаֹԋۓҞ ۺߞޑǴࢂঁΓவ٣πբϐǴჹֹԋ၀πբۺߞޑǴࢂឦܭ ۓნޑԾߞЈǶBanduraȐ1986ȑᇡࣁԾךਏૈࢂᆶѦӧᕉნǵঁΓ ૈΚᆶԋ൩߄ҬϕբҔࡕ่݀ޑǴԜၸำ܌ౢғޑԾߞЈ، ځۓϣӧᐒޑଯեǶԶԾךਏૈٰྍԖѤǴхࡴȐ1ȑၸѐԋ൩ᆶ߄ ȐPerformance Accomplishmentsȑǵ Ȑ2ȑඹжޑᡍȐVicarious ExperienceȑǵȐ3ȑقᇟޑᝀᇥȐVerbal Persuasionȑ ǵȐ4ȑᆣޑ ᐟᘋȐEmotional Arousalȑ(Bandura, 1977ȑǶ ၮԾךਏૈࢂࡰঁΓЬᢀղᘐӧۓნύჹԾρவ٣ၮޑ עඝำࡋ (ጰӺǵᒲቼӼǵഋֻǵഋܴדǴ2004)ǶςԖӭࣴز 27.
(40) ࡰрǴԾךਏૈࣁவ٣ೕࡓၮՉࣁޑख़ाႣෳᡂȐChen & Chang, 2004; Juniper, Oman, Hamm, & Kerby, 2004; Leenders, Silver, White, Buckworth, & Sherman, 2002; Ֆ࣓ٵǴ2005ǹֈܱܴǵٍߪڑǵ݊ ϡǴ2002ǹܕࡘǴ2000ǹᅸᗪǴ2001ǹࢫૠǴ2010ǹలǴ 2008ǹᅸޱǴ2004ǹ᐀ЎǴ2000ȑ ǴЪၮԾךਏૈຫଯޣǴၮ ຫӳȐChen & Chang, 2004; Fotheringham, Wonnacott, & Owen, 2000; Sullum, Clark, & King, 2000ǹᅸᗪǴ2001ǹలआǵ⪮ǵ ྍቺǴ1996ȑǶ ၮԾךਏૈᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁϐ໔ᜢ߯ࣁཱུزࣴޑᙦǴ ஒଯύ௲ৣၮԾךਏૈᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁϐ࣬ᜢࣴزӈ ߄ܭ2-3Ǵа ߡКၨόӕࣴزϷࣴزჹຝύǴԾךਏૈᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁϐᜢ߯Ƕ җаЎวǴჹӚᅿπբୱπϐೕࡓၮՉࣁԶقǴၮ ԾךਏૈࣁԖਏϐႣෳӢηǴЪᆶೕࡓၮ໔և҅࣬ᜢǴࡺҁࣴز ஒၮԾךਏૈӈΕࣴزᡂϐύǶ. 28.
(41) ߄ 2- 3 ၮԾךਏૈᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁϐ࣬ᜢࣴز ࣴ(ޣزԃҽ). ୱ. ࣴزჹຝ. ၮԾךਏૈᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁϐᜢ߯. ֆች࣓(1996). ᙴଣ. ᖏៈΓ. ԾךਏૈࣁೕࡓၮՉࣁޑख़ाႣෳӢ. Ǵ900 Γ. ηǴԾךਏૈଯޣǴၨԖೕࡓၮޑ. ዐऍҏ(1996). Ҿ. ύԃқሦ໘ભ Ծךਏૈࢂቹៜೕࡓၮಞᄍޑख़ाᡂ ܄تǴ416 Γ. Фҏࣔ(1997). Ꮲਠ. εᏢ௲ৣǴ. வ٣ೕࡓၮᆶၮԾךਏૈևᡉ҅࣬ᜢ. 195 Γ ণᄆ(1999). Ꮲਠ. ୯λ௲ৣǴ. ၮԾךਏૈࣁவ٣ೕࡓၮՉࣁޑख़ा. 333 Γ. ႣෳᡂǴၮԾךਏૈຫଯޣǴၮ ຫӳ. ᗛܿᆺȐ2000ȑ. Ꮲਠ. ଯύᏤৣǴ. ԾךਏૈཇமǴ௦ڗೕࡓၮޑёૈ܄ཇଯ. 423 Γ ഋऍ(2001). Ҿ. ሌՉζ܄ᙍ. ၮԾךਏૈࢂೕࡓၮՉࣁޑԖਏႣෳ. Ǵ424 Γ. ᡂϐǴคೕࡓၮϷόමவ٣ၮޣ ϐၮԾךਏૈୃե. Ֆ㗟Ꮶ(2003). Ꮲਠ. ୯λ௲ৣǴ 529 Γ. चѯݒΓ(2003). ࡹ۬. ୯λ௲ৣޑೕࡓၮՉࣁᆶၮԾךਏૈ ևᡉ҅࣬ᜢ. ୍ֽ݅Ǵ150 Γ όӕၮ໘ࢤزࣴޑჹຝǴӧၮԾךਏ ૈڀԖᡉৡ౦ǴၮԾךਏૈຫଯ ޣǴຫܰׯᡂၮՉࣁ٠ර҅य़วБӛ. ૠ(2003). ࡹ۬. ζ܄Ϧ୍Γ. ၮԾךਏૈᆶၮ໘ࢤޣٿ໔ӸԖᡉ. Ǵ706 Γ. ҅࣬ᜢǶόӕၮ໘ࢤزࣴޑჹຝǴӧၮ ԾךਏૈԖᡉৡ౦ǴЪคཀკයɦ ཀკයɦྗഢයɦՉයɦᆢය. ഋԋ(2005). Ꮲਠ. ୯λζ௲ৣǴ όӕၮ໘ࢤزࣴޑჹຝǴӧၮԾךਏ 664 Γ. ల(2008). Ꮲਠ. ૈڀԖᡉৡ౦. ೌמᏢଣᏢ. όӕၮ໘ࢤزࣴޑჹຝǴӧၮԾךਏ. ғǴ513 Γ. ૈڀԖᡉৡ౦ǴᆢයϐၮԾךਏ ૈനଯǴคཀკයϐၮԾךਏૈനե. ࢫૠ(2010). Ў. Ў௲ᐒᄬ. ௲ᐒᄬ. πǴ138 Γ. ၮԾךਏૈᆶவ٣ೕࡓၮ໔և҅࣬ᜢ. ၗٰྍǺࢫ၃൛Ǵ2011 29.
(42) Οǵၮ٦ག ၮ٦གࢂࡰঁΓӧୖᆶၮޑၸำύౢғඍ৹ǵݒ഻ǵז ҅ӛޑགڙȐScanlan & Lethwait,1986ǹWankel,1993ȑ ǶԖࣴࡰزрǴ ೕࡓၮՉࣁᆶၮ٦གԖᜢǴၮ٦གёаڈᐟၮୖޑᆶǴ ࢂᇨวၮୖᆶᐒޑख़ाӢન(Kilpatrick, Hebert, & Bartholomew, 2005)ǴΨࢂᆢၮՉࣁޑख़ाӢન(Hamid, 1990)Ƕ ԜѦǴၮ٦གҭࣁೕࡓၮՉࣁϐख़ाቹៜӢનϐ(Chen & Chang, 2004 ܕࡘǴ2000ǹླྀࠤǴ2009)ǴЪၮ٦གᆶೕࡓၮ ՉࣁϷᕴၮໆԖᡉ࣬҅ޑᜢ(ֈలऍǴ2005ǹܕࡘǴ2000ǹࢫ ૠǴ2010ǹ᐀ЎǴ2000ǹᗛܿᆺǴ2000)Ƕၮ٦གຫଯǴၮ ୖޑᆶՉࣁ൩ཇӳ(Chen & Chang, 2004; ֈలऍǴ2005ǹܕࡘǴ 2000ǹࢫૠǴ2010ǹ᐀ЎǴ2000ǹᗛܿᆺǴ2000)ǴԶၮ٦ག ຫեǴ߾Γॺຫόܰୖᆶၮ(Kelsey et al., 2006)Ƕ җаЎёаวǴၮ٦གࢂቹៜঁΓ௦ڗϷᆢၮՉ ࣁϐख़ाӢનǶӢԜǴҁࣴزஒၮ٦གӈࣁࣴزᡂϐǶ. Ѥǵၮ่݀යࡑ Dishman(1991)මӣ៝ 56 ጇࣴز٠ගрቹៜၮՉࣁޑӢનхࡴ ჹၮ่݀ޑයࡑǶၮ่݀යࡑࣁঁΓჹೕࡓၮޑႣය่݀ϐว ғёૈک܄ԜሽॶჹঁΓޑख़ाޑ܄४ᑈȐDzewaltowski, Noble, & Shaw, 1990)ǴࢂঁΓவ٣ၮՉࣁޑ،ۓӢનϐȐSallis, Hovell, Hofstetter, & Barrington,1992ǹഋ᭰యǴ2001ǹਁ㗟Ǵ1999ȑǶςԖ ࣴࡰزрǴၮ่݀යࡑࢂೕࡓၮՉࣁޑᡉႣෳӢηǴЪၮ่ 30.
(43) ݀යࡑᆶೕࡓၮϐ໔ၲीᡉ҅࣬ᜢǴջၮ่݀යࡑຫଯޣǴ ೕࡓၮՉࣁ߄ຫӳ(Dzewaltowski, l989; Ֆ㗟ᏦǴ2003ǹࢫૠǴ 2010ǹഋ᭰యǴ2001ǹቅᆧᖚǴ1995ǹቅᆧᖚǵలृǴ1999)ǶԜѦǴ Ֆ(࣓ٵ2005)ࡰрǴၮ่݀යࡑᆶၮՉࣁׯᡂ໘ࢤԖᡉޑᜢ߯Ǵ ໘ࢤᖿ༈ࣁᆢයǵՉයǵྗഢයɧཀკයɧคཀკයǴЪȬᆢ යȭ>ȬྗഢයȭǶ җаЎวǴၮ่݀යࡑࢂೕࡓၮՉࣁޑख़ाቹៜӢનǶ ӢԜǴҁࣴزஒၮ่݀යࡑӈࣁࣴزᡂϐǶ. ಃѤ ၮᕉნӢનᆶೕࡓၮՉࣁޑᜢ߯ 1986 ԃШࣚፁғಔᙃ(WHO)ޑϼᏦക(Ottawa Charter)ჹ଼ந ߦрܴዴۓޑကϷՉޑБݤǴமፓ଼நߦόӆѝଞჹঁΓૈΚ ޑуமǴӕਔΨхࡴׯᡂޗǵᕉნϷᔮ(ݩރЦमǴ2005)ǴԶ Шࣚፁғಔᙃ(WHO)ҭஒബЍ܄ᕉნӈࣁ 2005 ԃ଼ޑநߦ ϐख़ЈǴᙖҗബࡌ϶๓ޑၮᕉნǴ٬ၮᡂࣁᙁൂޑ٣ǴӢԶך୯ Չࡹଣᡏہػஒׯ๓୯҇ၮᕉნӈࣁ 91-94 ԃࡋϐύำࡼࡹीฝ ϐǴࡺගϲၮᕉნޑё߈܄ԖշܭၮՉࣁϐᎦԋᆶᆢǶ FrenchǴStory کJeffery (2001)ࡰрǴೕࡓၮᆶၮഢ܈ၮ ޜ܌໔ϐё߈܄ԖᜢǶӢԜǴҁۚՐӦБޑᕉნၮഢϷ ᕉნၮ܌ᆶೕࡓၮϐᜢ߯ǴϩॊӵΠǺ. ǵۚՐӦБޑᕉნၮഢ ࣴࡰزрǴၮഢޑόߔࣁىᛖவ٣ၮՉࣁޑӢનϐ 31.
(44) ȐBooth , Bauman, Owen, & Gore, 1997ǹDuffy,1988ǹTappe, Duda, & Ehrnwald ,1989ǹJones & Nies, 1996ǹഋऍǴ2001) ǴЪࢂज़ڋζ ୖᆶၮޑЬाӢનȐࡡၲǴ2000ǹᖴలǴ2001ȑǶ ᕉნၮࡼᆶၮϷᡏૈࢲໆԋᡉ҅࣬ᜢǴԖຫӭᕉნၮ ഢޣǴຫёૈவ٣يᡏࢲ܈ೕࡓၮ(Sallis, Johnson, Calfas, Caparosa, & Nichols, 1997;Ֆ࣓ٵǴ2005ǹֈలऍǴ2005ǹܴᏦǴ1998ǹ ࢫૠǴ2010ǹ᐀ЎǴ2000ǹഋऍࡿǴ2006ǹླྀەοǴ1995ǹᙔٍ ԹǴ1998)ǶԜѦǴBrownsonǴBakerǴHousemannǴBrennan کBacak Ȑ2001ȑፓऍ୯ 1818 Ӝۚ҇ԾᕉნࡹჹၮՉࣁޑቹៜǴ่ ݀ҭวᕉნഢᆶၮՉࣁև҅࣬ᜢǶ җаЎёаวǴᕉნၮഢቹៜঁΓޑၮՉࣁǴӢ ԜǴҁࣴزஒᕉნၮഢӈࣁࣴزᡂϐǶ ΒǵۚՐӦБޑᕉნၮ܌ ࣴࡰزрǴᕉნၮޑ܌ӭჲᆶيᡏࢲԋ҅࣬ᜢ(ֆች࣓Ǵ 1997ǹླྀەοǴ1995ǹᙔٍԹǴ1998ǹܴᏦǴ1998ǴᅸᗪǴ2001)Ƕ җаЎёаวǴᕉნၮഢቹៜঁΓޑၮՉࣁǶӢ ԜǴҁࣴزஒᕉნၮഢӈࣁࣴزᡂϐǶ. 32.
(45) ಃΟക ࣴزБݤ ҁകӅϩϖǴхࡴಃࣴࢎزᄬǵಃΒࣴزჹຝǵಃΟ ࣴزπڀǵಃѤࣴزᡯϷಃϖၗೀᆶϩǴϩॊӵΠǺ. ಃ ࣴࢎزᄬ ٩ᏵࣴزҞޑϷЎǴගрӵკ 3-1 ܌ҢϐࣴࢎزᄬǺ ঁΓङඳӢન! ԃស! ܄ձ! ௲ػำࡋ! ஆ࠷!ݩރ Ծ଼ந!ݩރ ୖуၮޗიᡍ!. ޗЈӢન!. ! ೕࡓၮՉࣁ!. ၮޗЍ! ၮԾךਏૈ! ၮ٦ག! ၮ่݀යࡑ!. ၮᕉნӢન! ۚՐӦБޑၮഢ܈Ꮤ! ۚՐӦБޑၮ!܌. კ 3- 1! ࣴࢎزᄬ. 33.
(46) ಃΒ ࣴزჹຝ. ǵ҆ဂᡏ ज़ޣزࣴܭϐΓΚǵΚǵނΚӢનǴҁࣴزа 99 ԃࡋѠч ѱ௲ৣϐϦҥଯύ௲ৣࣁࣴزჹຝǴځΓኧࣁ 1,843 ΓǶ. Βǵࣴزኬҁ () ኬҁኧǺୖԵ Krejcie کMorgan(1970)ܜޑኬԔጕྗǴࣴ ҆زဂᡏࣁ 1,843 ΓਔǴ܌ሡኬҁኧࣁ 320 ΓǴՠԵໆୢڔӣ ԏǵቲڔǵፎଷ܈Ԗ଼நज़ڋϐǴа 7 ԋӣԏᆉǴ ڗܜ455 ΓࣁኬҁǶ (Β) ܜኬБݤǺ௦سᒿᐒܜኬܜݤኬǴаѠчѱ௲ৣϐଯύ௲ ৣӜнጓࣁسӈೱុဦዸǴа҆ဂᡏ 1,843 Γନаኬҁ ኧ 455 Γڗளܜኬ໔ࣁ 4 ΓǴճҔᒿᐒኧ߄ܜрኬҁޑଆ ᗺဦዸǴ٩ܜኬ໔ഌុܜр܌ሡϐኬҁǶӅीวр 455 ҽǴ ӣԏ 341 ҽୢڔǴԖ 3 ҽቲڔǴځύԖ 2 ҽ༤เᙴৣບᘐό ӝύமࡋаޑၮǴԖਏӣԏࣁ 74.3%Ƕ. ಃΟ ࣴزπڀ ҁࣴز௦Ծጓϐ่ᄬԄୢزࣴࣁڔπڀǶࣴزπڀϐୢڔी߯ ୖ᎙୯ϣѦ࣬ᜢЎǴӆଛӝҁࣴزϐࣴزҞޑǵࢎᄬጓᇙԶԋǴୢ ڔϣх֖ѤεϩǺঁΓङඳӢનǵೕࡓၮǵޗЈӢન. 34.
(47) ϷၮᕉნӢનǶᔕۓୢ߃ڔዺࡕǴӆৎਏࡋǵႣ၂Ϸߞࡋϩ ၸำᔕԋ҅ԄୢڔǴϩձᇥܴӵΠǺ ǵ่ᄬԄୢ߃ڔዺ ୖԵ࣬ᜢЎǵໆ߄Ǵ٠ଛӝҁࣴزϐࣴزҞޑǵࢎᄬጓᇙ ԋୢ߃ڔዺ (ߕᒵΒ)Ǵ܌ᔕޑۓୢڔϣх֖ѤঁϩǴϩձࣁ ঁΓङඳӢનǵೕࡓၮǵၮᕉნӢનǵޗЈӢનǴ ၁ಒ௶ॊӵΠǺ () ঁΓङඳӢનǺҁϩ߯ୖԵ࣬ᜢࣴزୢࣿླྀ(ڔেǴ2010ǹᗛ ܿᆺǴ2000)Ǵ٠ଛӝҁࣴزϐࣴزҞޑǵࢎᄬঅጓᇙԶԋǴӅ ϩࣁ 7 ᚒǴхࡴԃសǵ܄ձǵ௲ػำࡋǵஆ࠷ݩރǵԾ଼ந ݩރǵ߈ϖԃ໔ࢂցԖୖуၮޗი܈იᡏǵࢂցᙴৣບᘐ όӝύமࡋ(֎ڥԖᗺഹЪԖࢬԠ)аޑၮǴϩ ॊӵΠǺ 1. ԃសǺ൳ྃǵрғԃДǶ 2. ܄ձǺࣁ܈܄تζ܄Ƕ 3. ௲ػำࡋǺৣǵৣጄଣਠεᏢǵৣጄଣਠࣴ܌زǵ εᏢ௲܈سػᕇ௲ػᏢำǵεᏢ௲࣬ػᜢࣴ܌زǵ εᏢځдࣴ܌زǵځд(ፎ༤ቪ)Ƕ 4. ஆ࠷ݩރǺ҂ஆǵςஆǵϩۚ܈ᚆஆǵ഼ଽǵځд(ፎ༤ቪ)Ƕ 5. Ծ଼நݩރǺᒧԖߚதӳǵӳǵද೯ǵόӳǵߚதόӳǶ 6. ߈ϖԃ໔ࢂցԖୖуၮޗი܈იᡏǺவ҂ୖуǵමୖуǶ 7. ࢂցᙴৣບᘐόӝύமࡋ(֎ڥԖᗺഹЪԖࢬԠ )аޑၮǺցǵࢂ (ӵࢂǴаΠխ༤)Ƕ. 35.
(48) (Β) ೕࡓၮǺҁϩ߯ୖԵ࣬ᜢࣴزୢࢫ(ڔૠǴ2010)ጓ ᇙԶԋǴӅϩ 2 ᚒǴಃ 1 ᚒࣁന߈ΒঁДϣவ٣ೕࡓၮޑ ǴӅԖ 4 ঁᒧǴϩձࣁ 1.ֹӄؒԖǵ2.ԖǴՠததύᘐǵ 3.ԖǴՠԖਔংύᘐǵ4.ޔԖǴϩձࣁ 1-4 ϩǶಃΒᚒࣁ നதவ٣ޑၮҞࣁՖǴᒧёፄᒧǴڀԖ 22 ᅿதޑـၮ Ǵಃ 23 ࣁځдǴ٠ፎࣴزჹຝԾՉ༤ቪǴ௦ಕीीϩǶ (Ο) ޗЈӢનǺӅϩ 4 ঁໆ߄ǴϩձࣁၮޗЍǵၮԾ ךਏૈǵၮ٦གǵၮ่݀යࡑϩॊӵΠǶ 1. ၮޗЍǺҁໆ߄߯ୖԵ࣬ᜢࣴزୢ(ڔSallis, Grossman, Pinski, Patterson, & Nader,1987ǹቅᆧᖚǴ1995ǹᔎؼӄǴ2002ǹ ᗛܿᆺǴ2000) ጓᇙԶԋǴځҞࣁޑΑှࣴزჹຝவ٣ೕࡓ ၮՉࣁǴځӕ٣ǵܻ϶ǵৎΓޑЍǶӅԖ 12 ঁᚒ ҞǴϩձࣁၸѐϤঁДύޑךӕ٣ǵܻ϶܈ৎΓഉךଆ ၮǵࡌךவ٣ၮǵႴᓰុךၮǵගᒬך ѐၮǵࡰᏤךၮޑБݤǵࣁΑᆶךଆၮԶׯᡂ চޑۓीฝǵךکፕᆶၮԖᜢޑ၉ᚒǵᔅځךд ٣٬ךԖਔ໔ၮǵᆀᢌޑךၮՉࣁǵڐշךीฝၮ ǵນךၮޑӳೀǵගךٮၮҔࠔǶҁໆ߄௦ Likert ΟϩݤीϩǴӣเȨόЍȩࣁ 1 ϩǵȨଽᅟЍȩ ࣁ 2 ϩǵȨததЍȩࣁ 3 ϩǴໆ߄ளϩཇଯޣǴ߄Ңၮ ޗЍཇமǶ 2. ၮԾךਏૈǺҁໆ߄߯ୖԵ࣬ᜢࣴزୢ(ڔDesharnais, Bouillon, & Godin, 1986ǹMaibach & Murphy, 1995ǹ Sallis, Pinski, Grossman, Patterson, & Nader, 1989ǹቅᆧᖚǴ1995ǹ. 36.
(49) ᔎؼӄǴ2002ǹᗛܿᆺǴ2000) ጓᇙԶԋǴځҞࣁޑΑှࣴ زჹຝӧਸݩΠǴૈុೕࡓၮעޑඝำࡋǴӅԖ 18 ঁਸ(ݩϺংό٫ਔǵيךᡏόܺਔǵךπբϼ ಕਔǵךளᡏΚόਔǵךπբϼӭਔǵךԖৎ୍ ٣ाೀਔǵךளᓸΚࡐεਔǵךགډਔ໔όਔǵ ךགؒډԖБߡޑၮ܈܌ഢਔǵךགੲ॰ਔǵ ךЈόӳਔǵךགྷୂᚷਔǵߏܫଷਔǵલϿଆ ၮޑӕՔਔǵךԖКၮ׳Ԗ፪ޑ٣ёаਔǵၮ ሡा٤(ӵວၮᏔǵᛦ)ਔǵӕ٣ǵܻ϶ ܈ৎΓό૱ܭၮਔǵၲډၮޑҞ(ӵ෧ޥԋфǵள ᒸ)ਔ)Ǵ٠ஒځϩձ ܭܫ18 ঁηᚒύǶҁໆ߄௦ Likert ϖϩݤीϩǴаȨԾךਏૈமࡋȩբࣁෳໆӛࡋǴӣเȨ๊ ჹؒעඝȩࣁ 1 ϩǵȨԿΟԋעඝȩࣁ 2 ϩǵȨѤԿϤԋ עඝȩࣁ 3 ϩǵȨΎԿΐԋעඝȩࣁ 4 ϩǵȨ๊ჹԖעඝȩ ࣁ 5 ϩǶໆ߄ளϩཇଯޣǴ߄ҢၮԾךਏૈཇமǶ 3. ၮ٦གǺҁໆ߄߯ୖԵ࣬ᜢࣴزୢ(ڔKendzierski, 1991ǹ ዐऍҏǴ1996ǹలǴ2008ǹᗛܿᆺǴ2000) ጓᇙԶԋǴ ځҞࣁޑΑှࣴزჹຝჹၮޑགǴӅϩࣁ 7 ᚒǴϣх ֖ჹךԶقǴၮࢂᅿ٦ڙǵၮਔǴᡣךགזǵၮ ਔǴךளԖ፪ǵၮ๏ךᅈىགǵၮਔǴךள ЈܫӭǵၮਔǴךགډԖԾߞǵၮਔǴך൳Яב ਔ໔Ƕҁໆ߄௦ Likert ϖϩݤीϩǴӣเȨߚதόӕཀȩ ࣁ 1 ϩǵȨόӕཀȩࣁ 2 ϩǵȨύҥཀـȩࣁ 3 ϩǵȨӕཀȩ ࣁ 4 ϩǵȨߚதӕཀȩࣁ 5 ϩǶ. 37.
(50) 4. ၮ่݀යࡑǺҁໆ߄߯ୖԵ࣬ᜢࣴزୢ(ڔThomas, Bruce, & Kevin, 1992ǹЦలޱǴ2000ǹቅᆧᖚǴ1995ǹՖ࣓ٵǴ2005) ጓᇙԶԋǴځҞࣁޑΑှவ٣ೕࡓၮ่݀ޑวғޑёૈ܄ Ϸख़ा܄ǴӅх֖ 10 ঁᚒҞǴঁᚒҞޑᒧፎࣴزჹຝ ୮ᒧёૈک܄ख़ा܄Ƕ೭ 10 ঁ่݀㯎ॊޑᚒҞϩձࣁӵ݀ ךவ٣ೕࡓၮǴஒ٬଼ߥךநǵ٬ךቚуࢲޤໆǵ٬ ךᆒઓКၨӳǵ٬ךᆢᡏΚǵᡣךܰമಕǵ٬ךᆢᡏ ख़ǵ٬ךၮ্ǵ٬ךᓸΚǵૈቚΓሞᜢ߯ǵ٬ך ၨܰΕᅵǶҁໆ߄௦ Likert ϖϩݤीϩǴӧȨ่݀ޑёૈ ܄ȩҽǴӣเȨߚதόёૈȩࣁ 1 ϩǵȨόёૈȩࣁ 2 ϩǵ Ȩύҥཀـȩࣁ 3 ϩǵȨёૈȩࣁ 4 ϩǵȨߚதёૈȩࣁ 5 ϩǹӧȨ่݀ޑख़ा܄ȩҽǴӣเȨߚதόख़ाȩࣁ 1 ϩǵ Ȩόख़ाȩࣁ 2 ϩǵȨύҥཀـȩࣁ 3 ϩǵȨख़ाȩࣁ 4 ϩǵ Ȩߚதख़ाȩࣁ 5 ϩǴനࡕаޣٿ४ᑈ߄کҢ่݀ځයࡑǶ ځύၮ่݀ёૈ܄Ϸख़ा܄ϐಃ 5 ᚒȨᡣךܰമಕȩǵ ಃ 7 ᚒȨ٬ךၮ্ȩࣁϸӛᚒǴ௦ϸӛीϩБԄǶ (Ѥ) ၮᕉნӢનǺҁϩ߯ୖԵ࣬ᜢࣴزୢࢫ(ڔૠǴ2010) ጓ ᇙԶԋǴӅϩ 2 ᚒǴಃ 1 ᚒࣁாۚՐӦБ(ӵǺԾৎǵચࡂӦБ) ё٬Ҕব٤ၮഢ܈Ꮤ( ?ёፄᒧ)Ǵᒧх֖ 19 தޑـ ၮഢ܈ᏔǴಃ 20 ࣁځдǴ٠ፎࣴزჹຝԾՉ༤ቪǴ ௦ಕीीϩǶಃ 2 ᚒࣁாۚՐӦБߕ߈Ԗব٤ёၮޑӦ? (ёፄᒧ)Ǵᒧх֖ 16 தޑـၮӦǴಃ 17 ࣁځдǴ ٠ፎࣴزჹຝԾՉ༤ቪǴ௦ಕीीϩǶ. 38.
(51) ΒǵਏࡋԵᡍ ֹԋୢ߃ڔዺࡕǴہፎ୯ϣፁғ௲ػϷᡏػ࣬ᜢሦୱৎ (ߕᒵ)Չୢڔໆ߄ϣਏࡋԵᡍǴଞჹୢڔᚒҞϐȨֹ܄ȩǵ ȨϪ܄ȩϷȨ҅ዴ܄ȩᔠຎ٠๏ϒࡌǶӧৎቩ᎙ࡕǴࣴ ޣز٩ࡌځǴӃ߃অ҅ǴӆᆶࡰᏤ௲ଞჹৎࡌҽ ՉፕࡕǴঅׯୢ߃ڔዺǴֹԋႣ၂ୢڔϣǶৎࡌϐϣ ᇥܴӵΠǺ ()অ҅ಃϩঁΓङඳӢનϣǺ 1. ԃសǺарғԃДࣁϐǶ 2. ௲ػำࡋǺ (1) ȨεᏢ௲܈سػ௲ػᏢำȩׯϩԋٿᒧǶ (2) ќቚуȨεᏢځдࣽسȩᒧǶ 3. Ծ଼நݩރǺׯаȨᆶѐԃКၨǴாளҞԾρ଼ޑந ݩӵՖȩǵȨாளாҞ଼ޑநݩӵՖȩǵȨᆶځдӕԃ इޑΓ࣬КၨǴாளாيޑᡏ଼நݩӵՖȩΟηᚒࣁϐǶ (Β)অ҅ಃΟϩޗЈӢનϷಃѤϩၮᕉნӢન༤เᒧ ϐҔᇟǶ (Ο)҅׳ୢڔ༤ቪᇥܴϐॊ㯎ЎӷϷঅ҅ᒱձӷǶ ΟǵୢڔႣ၂ аࢌଯύߚኬҁჹຝᒧ ڗ40 ΓࣁႣ၂ჹຝǴႣ၂ਔ໔ࣁ҇୯ 99 ԃ 10 Д 26 ВǴբเਔ໔ࣁ 40 ϩដǴႣ၂ၸำኳᔕ҅၂ࡼෳ ნǴႣ၂ӕਔፎڙ၂௲ৣଞჹᚒཀόమ܈όܴᕕϐೀගрཀ. 39.
(52) ـ٠уаᒵǴаߡΑှࣴزჹຝ༤เୢޑڔϸᔈᆶୢޑڔϪ ܄ǶᕴӅӣԏୢ ڔ40 ҽǴԖਏୢ ڔ39 ҽǴႣ၂ֹԋࡕ߾ஒႣ၂ ၗᒡΕႝတǶ ӧႣ၂ၸำύǴԖ 1 ՏႣ၂ჹຝϸࢀǴၮ่݀යࡑϐϸӛ ᚒԋ༤เ֚ᘋǴᆶࡰᏤ௲ፕࡕǴᇡࣁϸӛᚒԖځ ӸӧϐѸाǴࡺϝϒаߥ੮Ƕ Ѥǵߞࡋϩ Likert ໆ߄ݤதҔԵᡍߞࡋޑБ ࣁݤCronbach ߯ኧǴӵ݀ ߯ኧॶλܭ.5 ࢂեߞࡋǴεܭ.7 ࢂଯߞࡋǴऩεܭ.6 ࢂёௗڙጄ ൎȐֆܴໜǴ2005ǹڬЎ፣Ǵ2002ȑǶႣෳࡼෳࡕǴஒ܌ᇆϐ ȨၮޗЍȩǵȨၮԾךਏૈȩǵȨၮ٦གȩǵȨၮ ่݀යࡑȩໆ߄ၗǴаी೬ᡏ SPSS17.0 ހՉ Cronbach ߞࡋϩǴаዴᇡୢڔᚒҞϐϣठ܄Ƕߞࡋϩ่݀ӵ߄ 3-1Ǵ ၮޗЍϐ Cronbach’s ॶࣁ.905ǵၮԾךਏૈϐ Cronbach’s ॶࣁ.909ǵၮ٦གϐ Cronbach’s ॶࣁ.889ǵၮ ่݀යࡑϐ Cronbach’s ॶࣁ.759ǴᡉҢҁୢࡋߞڔϩࣁ่݀ ଯߞࡋǴୢڔϣϐठ܄٫ǴӢԜǴջаႣ၂ϷߞࡋԵᡍ่݀ ࣁኗቪ҅Ԅୢڔϐ٩ᏵǶӆ٩ᏵႣ၂ჹຝ܌ගрࡌᆶϸᔈǴ ᆶࡰᏤ௲ፕǴՉୢڔঅु٠ֹԋ҅Ԅୢߕ(ڔᒵΟ)Ƕ ҅ԄࡼෳࡕǴӆԛᔠۓҁୢڔȨၮޗЍȩǵȨၮԾ ךਏૈȩǵȨၮ٦གȩǵȨၮ่݀යࡑȩϐϣठ܄Ǵ аୖᆶ҅Ԅࡼෳϐ 338 ՏࣴزჹຝǴᔠෳӚໆ߄ϐ Cronbach’s ॶǴϩ่݀ӵ߄ 3-1ǴӚໆ߄ ޑCronbach’s ॶϟܭ.899 Կ.973Ǵ. 40.
(53) ᡉҢҁୢڔӚໆ߄֡ڀԖؼӳϐϣठ܄Ƕ ߄ 3- 1 ୢڔϣठ܄ϐߞࡋϩ Cronbach’s ॶ ໆ߄Ӝᆀ. ᚒኧ. Ⴃ၂ୢڔ. ҅Ԅୢڔ. (n=39). (n=338). ၮޗЍ. 36. .905. .945. ӕ٣ޑၮޗЍ. 12. .838. .899. ܻ϶ޑၮޗЍ. 12. .932. .939. ৎΓޑၮޗЍ. 12. .905. .927. ၮԾךਏૈ. 18. .909. .973. ၮ٦ག. 7. .889. .958. ၮ่݀යࡑ. 20. .759. .899. ಃѤ ࣴزᡯ ҁࣴزϐՉ२ӃࣁՉࡹᖄᛠޑπբǴௗᔕۓୢ߃ڔዺǴᅟ ࡕՉႣ၂ǴӆΕ҅ԄࡼෳǴനࡕӣԏୢڔՉၗǶ. ǵՉࡹᖄᛠ ࡼෳǴᒃԾࡨೖѠчѱ௲ৣǴ၁ಒᇥܴࣴزҞޑǵࣴزჹຝ ᒧڗǵࡼෳВයǵࡼෳБԄǵ༤เਔ໔ाǴӕਔଛӝѠчѱ௲ৣ ϐՉࡹࢬำǴ٠ቻள٣ߏӕཀЪᕇளՉࡹЍǴӼ௨ࡼෳВ යᆶਔ໔ǶϐࡕǴаӕኬБԄՉႣ၂Ϸ҅ԄୢࡼڔෳǶ. 41.
(54) Βǵ่ᄬԄୢ߃ڔዺϷਏࡋԵᡍ ਥᏵԖᜢೕࡓၮՉࣁቹៜӢનǵ࣬ᜢЎᆶࣴࢎزᄬ߃ᔕୢڔǴ ٠ፎ࣬ᜢሦୱޑৎᏢޣଞჹୢڔϣՉֹ܄ϷϪ܄অ҅Ƕ. Οǵ่ᄬԄୢڔႣ၂ࡼෳ җࣴޣزᒃԾԿڙ၂ޣҺ௲ϐᏢਠᇥܴࣴޑزҞޑǵ༤เБԄϷ ༤เᔈݙཀ٣ǴՉ่ᄬԄୢڔႣ၂ǴаΑှࣴزჹຝ༤เୢڔϐ ϸᔈǵୢڔҔ܄ǵ༤เ܌ሡਔ໔ϷࡼෳਔёૈวғޑݩǶ. Ѥǵ่ᄬԄୢ҅ڔԄࡼෳ ࡼෳǴࡨೖѠчѱ௲ৣǴ٠ӛୋ٣ߏ၁ಒᇥܴࣴزҞޑǵ ࣴزჹຝᒧڗǵࡼෳВයǵࡼෳБԄǵ༤เਔ໔ाǴӕਔଛӝѠ чѱ௲ৣϐՉࡹࢬำǴӼ௨ࡼෳВයᆶਔ໔ǶӆҗѠчѱ௲ৣॄ ೢΓځ܈ޣ೯ځޕǴڐշ༤ቪୢڔϐ࣬ᜢ٣ەǴӵࣴޑزҞ ޑǵ༤เБԄϷ༤เᔈݙཀ٣Ƕќҗࣴޣزແ่ᄬԄୢڔϷᆒऍ ᘶࠔǴՉ҅ԄୢࡼޑڔෳǴ٠ۓࡰܭਔ໔ϣᒃᖏӚਠ௲ৣᒤϦ࠻ ՉԏӣǶ. ϖǵୢڔӣԏᆶၗ ᒃԾԿӚਠӣԏϐୢڔǴԌନόୢࡕڔǴஒԖਏୢڔጓဦǴӅ ӣԏ 341 ҽୢڔǴ3 ҽቲڔǴځύԖ 2 ҽ༤เᙴৣບᘐόӝύ 42.
(55) மࡋаޑၮǴԖਏӣԏࣁ 74.29%ǶฅࡕǴஒၗዸࡕᒡΕ ႝတǴՉϩǶ. ಃϖ ၗೀᆶϩ ୢڔӣԏࡕǴѐନ༤เόֹޣǴஒԖਏୢڔጓዸ٠ஒၗዸ ᗖΕႝတǴӆ٩ᏵࣴزҞޑǵࣴزୢᚒǵࣴزଷϷᡂ܄ϩǴ ᒧޑीБݤǴၸीး೬ᡏس SPSS17.0 ހǴаՉၗ ϐीೀᆶϩǴऩӚᡂԖཱུᆄॶǴϒа௨ନǶҁࣴޑزၗ ೀБݤӵΠǺ ǵඔॊ܄ीϩ аԛኧϩଛǵԭϩǵѳ֡ॶǵྗৡǵനεॶϷനλॶբࣁԾ ᡂǵ٩ᡂ໔ޑीඔॊॶǶ () аԛኧϩଛǵԭϩٰϩزࣴჹຝঁޑΓङඳӢનȐԃសǵ܄ ձǵ௲ػำࡋǵஆ࠷ݩރǵୖуၮޗიᡍϷԾ଼நݩރȑǶ (Β)аѳ֡ॶǵྗৡǵനεॶϷനλॶٰϩޗЈӢનᆶೕ ࡓၮՉࣁϩѲǶ. Βǵፕ܄ीϩ ਥᏵᡂ܄፦аϷࣴزҞޑǴа t ीԵᡍǵൂӢηᡂ౦ኧϩ (one-way ANOVA)ǵаᖙМ(ݤScheffe’s method)٣ࡕᔠۓǵય T3 (ݤDunnett’s T3)٣ࡕᔠۓǵҜᅟහᑈৡ࣬ᜢǵፄᘜϩीБԄ ϩᡂ໔ޑᜢ߯ǶҁࣴزஒӚीԵᡍНྗ ࣁۓɨ.05Ǵբࣁ่ 43.
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