.fm*#;Jt:k~
•
95
~lf-&ft~~jitt.~~~t~1tJl§..*:ll%
1.4bJ
ft*T
~
*~~
:t;Gip
'm**4~i~~
95
~ ~
It:ft
~ ~Ji
tt
-t-
~ ~£
Jt
tA.1T
!&
*:¥l
%
-, ---.
L.
_ _
*
rtf
.:£
1f 1f
-:¥= :
i 1(~;~;}. J:!;~
..
~ ~j
El
ft~
: __
5-\-~----'.,_1--,---,
_)
tt
-t"
'±A~
A. :
*+
~ ~i
13
tf
I\.;*~
M.
Xi¥-
:t-
grp
!' :., ,
t
~ ~{~--- 3
~,tt
§80--- 4
;f- ,
:ft-H :m1T
if;YJJ
a
~*(
J9:.)--- --
6
!1t '
,~jlt
it
Jfl
,It
7f3 -
:l
*-
---11
11i '
,~ttcg.---
12
ri '
)1(1
1~~---14
)1(1
1~- : it
~ ~mot1.eti
~1..
Jl!i:f~ ~jf;;E.1t 1;
~nUf£---16)1(1
1;~-=- :
It
~ ~m.t1.eti ~
1..
Jl!i:f~ f;c.iff;*-
---17m
1~":=-:
it
~ ~m;t1:fi
~1..
)j!i:f~ f~ f~ ~Jt
tfal
*
---181..
Jl!i:f~ f~.eti I'lip;t
Jt
tfal
*
---19f{1};~ ~
:
It~ ~mot1.eti ~ 1..Jl!i:f~ ~~ r~ ~
-ri:t
---21
)1(1
1~-t :it
~ ~motl.eti
1..
Jl!i:f~ f~:f~:t-
I'lip-ri
:t---
22
t~.:t... ~
*:3 ---
25
-
~.5i- )
fIJ ;t
f~~J.:t...
=-x.it 5i-1:$
*
---33Ni 1*' +
:
r;f.::J:ml;f! fif,.
~ .f~ ~I
z
it
t~..
:ft-
~*
~ i]::~Cit.i:tJt
0_ )
a~t,
,ltli
J
z::J:
it 0_1:$ ;& &.
00
-Jl~li ---
34
f{i1*,
+
~:;it
.ft1:
*ifl
1-.{£
~8:t~Jl a~fiX.
-
'l;&
~fo!~li
---35
)l(i 1*' +
:
it
1i
~* -ilifl ~
1.1fJt~
*-
~ ~* ·~~.A~ ~
*
it
)t~Jf t~
-t-
*---
36
f{t1*'+/\..:
r
;f.::J:~fl~fif,.Ji ij5Th'hJl/Jf4.ti~PfT a~it*(1tJA.0_)ra','ij!Jz::J:it
0_1$
&.
00
1f5li ---3 7
Fft1*'+iL :
~fl;f!j:Gi*,;&ru'~_$t'R~z::J:tt0_1$;&'wMkli&.001f5li---38
Ffi i1
=-
+ :
rif,.
~1I't1'"
4E.tt
*~;fl;jitlX.
*
1-
~fl~fif,.
a~t,
Jt
~ ~ titz.f~i*'---40
[\{i 1*'
=-
+ - :
It!lifi
1I't
-If
4E. it
*i;fl
;tit
It
* *
1-
~fl;fhrif,.
a~t,
Jt
~ ~tit
z
~ io~---41
*~#~~.~~~
• •
~~-4 £.#§'~~*±.~~.~A'~~~~ft~ft*~
,~ ~* *~~~~D~~'*#.~**Mft~*
~
• •
~• •
~~~ft~,~ .*#§*~4.~ ~,*~,~ .*~~ti *
±JlrLf~ ~'*'
1t
Jj~~ilUtti* '
JtJr~i!3&1
~ 1fH~H!P~{M(Peer Instruction/ Peer
Tutoring)
'J:)' ~*tJ'h!l/J
~*
a~ ~J\ ft
1r& *
±"~H1Hf(,j;t,
iJFt{l;"f1..~-'111a0
~i!3&1
~~.~R.*~~rt' ~~&*.rt*o
~~- M1t~.*~&ft* ±a.~'~A~aft*~ ~~-.,~
~5itffitJtt~~:
- .
~ 84%a0.*~ifl;titi ±Jlli;f~~~,*~ ~:t: .tm~~ ~~
• -ij:.a0Et;"f1..
~ ~1l55~1t±-fb ~.*({W9Jl)j-)a~:t:J.iiJt;.=-·3&1 77.7%4i
~ifl
tst
ti *
a~
±
tfb
A 1±
)jli;f~ ~'* ~
'31~
1t
ur
J:),~
*.ti
1::
~ifl
;f;ttt * ±
~
ii
UWi
)j-)
8~ ~1t; -==- . ~3&1 87. 9%.ti 1:
~ifl;fiti * a0 * ±
tfb
A '
Jjli;f~ ~'* ~ ~5tth
Jl!J
M-
i*
PIT
1~H~ii* ( itJ:.
~)
F,,9:iU! '
1ft
~ 8~ Jt~80
~ ~* ~ ~*
~ur
j::),1t
lji ,1±!!
1T
~
. '
±~~*# ~!!~'iJF~.1:~&ft*~*±~1±~.~~~
~~ft *~ii*a0~l¥,1tffit~;yJL.: L1!J. j..til'liji(80%)~:t:i!i&lJjIi;f~~*-a0t6h!l/J' ~5
~~ ~
r
M-
*
*
~ii* (
qWut )1-)
8~r119:iU! ;
,
Jt
t~ ~iH ;fitti 1t
Jj~ ~ 8~Fa9
1ft
.L
AA~~~~ff'A .AU~OO~~~' ~~~J\~~~.~*~~
•
~iH ;fit
tt *
0 ~,~'$-
ffit
a~l'liji
A
1:[\ ~ii
~iHtst
ti * *
Jlli;f~ ~'*a0
;:j] ~5~
511. '
£:Y
k
1J
~ ,~fvJ
a~ ~k
~Jl!J
a~, k
1K
~4;'1T
a0
-L11
0-,
ffl
a9
Bell-Lancaster
~1..
f#u
Ii
$f
*
a9
~iJt
M
+"3t
-*ifl
fij]7il
(peer-assisted learning)-k
(peer tutoring) ,
M
.te(peer modeling) ,
M
1~~i(peer education) ,
M
)lij(peer
counseling) ,
M
1~ ~if
(peer
monitoring)~M
1~~ty(peerassessment)
0..
---
li[1-Alfl
*-
~~1..a0~ ~JL'
tt1t
~E0
fl
~;f£(Gyanani &Pahuja,1995;
Maheady, 1998)
I~Ht
'
*_
o/'~~~*_~~Jl~tt~*_fiG1t.i~~t**£;t.:f§ ~~~tg;p ,~ tfti~ttt~H§~~ ;t.~~,~*~~~,~~.~~aft*~1..~.~'.~~aft
~~~~,~*~~ ~~a~, ~~4~~~E0~&'~~E0~*~~ ~
t£
~a0
~it '
J/ii
~ ~J1f.:h '
ptf
1-:1,*_
tt
-t"
~Jl:l
it
~ ~ 1~J/iifl
~ f~1M (Peer
Instruction/Peer-Tutoring)
'~l£Ji
J/i11i:
a0
M
~fifl
1ft;
~ffl J~a0
M
* '
1-:1, ~thh
JVJ
M
~E0~A~~~1..~g~.,~~@Ji~~E0 ~~~~.M&.*fl~~1
~ &*~~*o ;t.'*_~-t";t.§E0A~~.~~aft ~~~.~, ~
-'M~~~~Aft E0~1..~~a.~~RE0~JVJ ~M~M~~E0 .~
E0M
~'M ft~~~aft~ 1..~.~E0VJVJ ~~TM*1.. 'M:l~~Y~.~~Aft~~ E0~C~.o
- , ;£.:IT-:it
~:tift
.f>t
$t
~ ~1..
Jlli$
~tt~~m.f{~i~*" JHL*~~f/.J;£.:IT- § 2006/9/5
W
~t*tf·\.;
~t1zJ,'lj;
~ttl
iJJ; 2006112112 i!
-it
~~ ~.~~.
~~~~~
JiJJ;fy~;
2006112/28i!1t~1i.::jVt
'
~l~tt
rit
~mJt*
1.. JJfLf}S-
#.c.
~~ •
J 'r.tt *"
~m
;It <ti
~
1..
JJIi
f}S-
f~
<ti
grp
~ ~?al •
J 'r it
~
it *
iifl
;tit
:ti
*
1.. ~l ~ f~ f~ ~
1f. r
it
*
iifl
:ti
*
1.. ~l f~ f~ ~
Jt
tfo]~~ tf~- r.ft1f.~!J[5]*~ *,~a~lft;f.Itf 1155~1t'±'fb ~it*(1f.i;fA
t6l ~ ,
,...J j~ J
~
1&
84%
fJ0
f~ ~[5]
1f.
,ill
!J
raj*
~* '
~ a~J.ft;f.I tf
~115
5~11:.
.±.
fb
~it * (1f.i
;fft
0'-)
a~
LYJi'
ar
it
Pt
T
;$..tt
~
-100
-R-
It
El
;f;lf-
::it~
it
*
*ij5j"it:ti
*
1.. ~l~
(29.30%)'
[5]~:1rti(48.44%)'i!1ar:1rti(20.70%) ,
~F ~[5]:1rti(0.78%) ,
ru
:-j: 7} 1~&.
00
%
(tk
Jt
~i1:;y,
+
1L) , ~ill
1&
77.
7%~tiifl
.tit:li
M
1.. t~ ~
1f.
~l ~ f~ ~ ~
I
-Z..i&
ar
.t:J-*-
*
tt 1::
iiij
.tit:li
*
1..
~
it (1*1;fA
0'- )
-*-
$
.}fJH~ ~93
ill.
1-
.}i
,~Ii ~r¥.
~1m
i}f- ,Jt.}fJl:f7J;&
~*-'f-
);:0
11L~34. 70 '
iITJ*-;fi
1:
nli
th
r¥.
~1m
i}f-60
1-
-*
~178
ill. '
.}fJl
~7J;&
-'f-
);:0
~58.3 O(
tt *-
YL
f11
Ji*'
+
~),
lif.J
4f.f!.
~ ~Jjif
~(independent sample t=8.3 7,p=O.OOO<O.OO 1) ;
k~iITJ ' ~ft ~
;fi
1:
nli
th
r¥.
~1m
.:Z..
$
-it.
~B:;j-.}fJl 60 ;&
~*69
MH}
~Ctt
i-
Jt
FH
Ji~+
~)
or
fJ..1t
Jjt ,-it.
1T
*m
i}f-.:Z..1t,
1-
a0
;&
~*;f:;j-
~J:i!:.
*'
flJr
.}fJl
* '
-ku
;l'U~~ ~~
(F=0.004,p=0.94 7>0.05)
Ctt
*
[l~ ~
115
ttfh
1l/J
M
if~PIT
3t
~60
it
$
(1t.bffl
!JJ- )
rc~ ~ Jpo,
~a0
@]$.
*2
qF
'*
I&J
:t
4f
li
(33.59%)'
I&J:t4fli(54.30%) ,
~or4f6(12.11%)'ti3::x.it7}1-1fi.t'zllOO1tj
(tt*
::tt
b
(20%)'( - ) -It
;flij ;fit:eft
$ $
1-
~&.:r~ r~ r~ ~fA
Jt
~rt
t!
~~. ~A~$$1-
• •
~~~$r. ~A~~;f1. tf
~S 5~
1
t.
.£fiJ
~
1t
* (
ft.t
~
)j-)fIJ
;t
~J;t
;JJ:i:.!:Ii,!;;;f
or
1;( ~~ ~
a0'&
J.t (
~
YL
F1Hff;
..::.. +
);t
ill '
1§IJ-ko
~ r~ ~ t.~ ~
r
~
if
JJll
Ailt
1f
~
;y,t
&'<. J 'r
~~
¥}
a0 .i@;f1.
tf
~
c..
~Ii~
;ji
1:~ijl ;t:t:ft
* *
±
*
~
1t
*(it.t~)j-)
ag
;t
~J;t
;1;(~ B:t.}f~
fIJ
Ji§.~ag~~
Ii
(mit
+
~
)or ]:).
~t
JJt '
1i
llUt
~~ ~ :t.i! '
*
±
a0
Ji§.~*
4:t#.l
!1l!. i!
iV '
illT jl:A
*- '
4.(0:~U·1~
r%t.}fA ;fJ] Ji§.
~* a~] ~
¥ '
1;f,;pt1'-.}fA*-
Ji§.~* ~ ~
1f
I~ ~ ~
J!-
UN
~ff;
+
-t::) ,*
~r
;ji1:
~ijl t~
-=- '
~
1&
87. 9%;ji1:
~ijl t~:fi
*
ag
*
±
t.~ ~
,Jlli;f~
f¥-
~ ~s
t£h
JIj;M
~fdn- 3l~
ag
1t
* (
1~i:flt
J7'-) fa'
il! '
1;(
Jlli;f~ ~~ ~ 1i~ ~
*
1.
ag
1L
fiJ
J@;f1.
tf '
~t.~ ~
it
100
1;t
~
r~
*~*~
'*,-J(~Jtr1i~~"::"+)
,
15I;jl~~:ftgrpt,~~
r:i!.i@JlIi;fh~~ag~ijl or~+t:
·~.~A~ T~~*M ~~ MttM~~ff'A~ .~~OO
~~'*M~~A~~~. *~~*3 ~A~
o.
,~ ~~
A.
i~ill
Jt
it *IH;t
'* '*
mLf~ ~~ a~ ;:j) ~s ~J#.
~i'
1i-
Y
It. 1't '1f
.(>foJ
a~ ~*It.'1ftM~'It.~ .~$ff~L~c
.~,a*~A~ *±~.~~ ~'~~#3~~ ~~* ~M'
~# ff~ ~'* '1f~M'~#~~~~,*'1f
M'
'1f~ ~J#.~,It.
-1m
~~~~!i!~4lt.Jl
~ i1!1ta~Lit
cJi'
+A '
r *::X.~fl.f1Ht~tJ5k'hflJJMi*M3t~WJik.*(1~.t;fA-1r )Pt1'~ j .:t.::x.tk.1r1~:tt&. Jru
1tjIi
+~, a~~.*M~1r•
.:t.~.1r~*'.*Ii&.Jru%1i ~+, ~~M ~.*~~ft**±a~~WJ~~~~•
.:t.~. ~+-, ft~M.~.*~~ft**±a~~WJ ~~~•
.:t.~. ~+~, $-:4f;z.~ 151.
J-t
"*~.tSip1tt ¥lj/:Lfi-
f~ ~2.
J-t
t*~.tsip
~111-
ljli:fi-
ft
~ ~f-t
~ J!~t ~if1
Jt
B'ifM
3.
f-t
~1!1T
it *
*i$l-t-t~.t* ljli:fi- '
.iE
J~ ~it *:fi13
;fi~.t*
1-mi:fi-
~Gj~;fz4.
~~~.*~.~ 1-a.~. ~~~"*~~5.
;f§ ~~ tf( t*~.tsip
7/;'-*
ftfl
3ft-m -
:i1!
(~1 7 )
Wi
it*
*fl
;fit~.t* * 1-
mi.
~~ ~~ ~t:
~m. ~~~~a.~~~~.iE~~
6.
~Aitf }'E+
#Ji 1&
~M(f it *
*"
-'fit
~i*
1.
ljli:f~ Il~ ~igip
~ t~gip
~.iE~~t7.
;fEl
~~J-t
t*
~.tgip M(f
?iT
~ ~t.:t..it* *i13 ;fit
~.t* 1. Jjfi:fi-
f~ 11~ ~t:
~ +~Ji1& ~8.
jtJ],~i3fta'if(~18
:i1!);j:Eln~.}ft"*~igipM(fit*~i$l;fit~**1-JjIi:fi-jGj;f- ,&jtJ]tf '
jtJ]*-
1&
~-tr(
~J:.. '
jtJ]1&
).:t..
Exee 1
{i ~ ~Aitf }'E+
~Ji1&
~9.
Aitf }'E IJ'
~Ji1!
1f
1ft
~ ~ ~)j-{Jt .:L1'1=
El
JiA :
- - - -ai-rei :
-JJlft.&.: _ _ __ ti~:
_ _ __
~1t.: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Fa'
-Jl!
*-
17
1J :
.'if
'it
.'if'it
l.
*-=x
~fLf%-r~ ~ .Ji§ ~ I.:t-i&.t1t ft
~*
~it
* (
fT.i offl; 51-)E~ :t~~r§]~
D
M~D
[!,JarD
/f:M:t /f:M:tD
D
2. *-=xmLf!
r~ ~ tit t4!I/J fW ii', rtf il~ E~ tt*
(ttioffl; 51- ) po':Jl!D
D
D
D
D
...
...:e-~~c---1.
~1£*rn~M~iX.~* ,~FJ01fI;f£'f ~~E3~1t.'f/J
1:it*(~i{t)f-)FJ0 ~j{ 0~f
M
rlfJ
~M
1.
i!i&mtf~f~agt;/}1;WJ ':m~5~ii]T
1.
~tt*(1~i~5t)8gMi1!o
qF 'It
fii]t:
o
fii]t:
r%ar
'0
-r 8 JX L /f"" jPJ,~o
qF 'It
~ fii]t:
19 0~i~ ~1t.~
1t.-
'f'
.1.~i ~ **~~:;Itgrp ~1t.~lm~i_~-
'f'
-~~
*-iL
:;It grp
~lif~f~ ~
ljI
if-
f.;&.-=:''f'
-'f'
-'f'
-'f'
-'f'
'f'
i~j!~tm.*%tJJ
;t-I%
~1ff:_~f~fX*~
mf •
3ft~IfjJJi-!f4*~=1f:Z}!Jf
iiij.
¥
~*
1n
95
*1f:JJlm=*Mtt{:f*~3ft~W~$*J)JGf4
*~WtpJ~\ rJt*~~~*m~~~J ~~
,
~1tj
IttAA '
j;)~~ryj
0 21_~f4tx*~
m _
f-t¥~1fcp{,\**~!f ~gm~
95
¥1f:JJtm
=¥Mtti{:£*~3!l~W~$¥~f3f~¥~~
cP
JL\
r
~¥fm~~~g~~~
J
~t_±~
A
t~~~
em '
~j}]{Jl:cjfj\
,
P)~~ryj
0Att
4
12
3
o
o
21%
63%
16%
0%
0%
/,: .,-' "~t' p ~'" ~,.
t
.~~ 4#~~ ~{;~ , ~..,~~ H....
,,:..;..
t,;~. '5 J. ,-
j:~..
,~~ :...., ? '.. I ;~..;.?.t_= :~. ;-;w, .J--:'~: j ( "',I ~ /L, '~!
~..
fd1
l'" ::I; "':'wiI" 1 10
~Fl tJ 'l'J .-.) " ",I j ,:1 .jr 1 '~JI'"'( !"'. ..r:
~. .',t'.
,.. \.}.8
;8
D p~ i '~; ':Ii.'. ~r Ii t.1 -.j0
D
~1 ;:J ~CI il ,j)r
:) -~O, ~iTo
~:8,
In
v :) -·1 v ')n
'! iJ,:8:,
o
;J.p'mfQJ
III
DffiJllJ
iD/ffQJ
iL~~pm/f
fQJ_
im~+~;k~~~~~~.±~~~~~~*-~*~~~~
{ ..IIi0:{E ~'E
F&~cE1 )\.~
J&/j\{U§:
ZP:f:j{l~ ·'J·~4-b-: i !~ /: " , ..178
0
100
58.30.
21.945
,ttJH1J
,ttJJq:J
178
0
100
I56.48
24.966
178
2
100
61.81
22.575
,ttJJ*
178
I A~ !93
I0
76
34.70
22.214
,ttJJ*JJ
W]rp
931
0
100
49.15
22.527
M*
93
0
99
57.86
24.069
I93
A~ 60.00 50.00 30.00 35ZJS1JfD
§EI3N
t~tifDF
P
ID~~/tt*~*§w:JlI!lo~ p ~1
'Jc-':;x ...4087.43
2.33
139418.01
1134883.10
144461.22
1
1
268
271
270
4087.43
2.32
520.22
7.857
.004
.005
.947
FIt
it-
+
i\.: r-*-.::k
Jl!i$
~ ~ ~5 ~.!l/J
M-
i*
fIb!
l!
ffJ
it
*(
.~ 7)- )M
~J ~.::kit
7)-{iji*aOO%ti1
1':}
18
-.jo
11 v il il85
.i1
1'! 1i· ... _~ .l. 10%
12%
0%
III
o
#lspJ
01'
37I
,
iI
I
I
I
i
I
jfl(t~+iL JlJi$ ,~c:.it-
$:.
ru,
1l!
1}~Jt;t.:.ktt
1}~$:.
,
~~kIi
a
III
1f}Ii
A B
1
'4\ 'is 1 ;'v:2
~,;~~(~~ ~.~ ~16
a ~-: -c- :.JL ~.!tx..
3 .:.,."# >'.~~::!-'.. .... "~fl
4 .=...~ b~t~b~( ."", 'ry~ ~,:" :~ ~ t ":1 ,_J 5 ... '. - " , 6 .~2i ~ ~t:-'7,. ~'b~t 7-?
'~~::':;.t
;'5
8 ~-? ~~ ! ~, 9 ..- "':;J "!...:- • + , .:..~- ,.' l'~ 10 .~~ t~ ~ ~ . , :t ..~: .:Ji..;;i .... t,:4
11 ~~:: ~~~,:" ~.t ;'7 18 /7 ...- : .i", '~. ~ ~,:t
.}"'" .:--at :i".. i.XJ ~ ,,_
13 .=....
-
~.-
~~bt( 14 ~1i .~~=:
~ ~ 15 ~~~.t::. -, 16 :'l!;. !.r...I
-1781
100
C ':~f:..~13
812
,) .:1 • ' j 1·) \ .) \):4
D:J4,;f.
tt
1 ') 'J10
.:! 9 0 3 E S:~;<*'32
1 ':0 .!.'-' 1-119
1':'1.:14
F
6'1
;"
.~ i) '. ':J4
,:1 ,? -'~\ 9 ,j4
SJ 18 .J4
.J4
(1 Hie, G :;'r:";;; "'!'t,,,...';'''''.~'<.,-,.,32
_c4
·31 -" .:.0111
18
'I-F1
~),) ~j .:!45
4
V,4,:<1
H ~':.,L'.
E"
4.43:
O. 89: f•. (3~::, .)~-:c::·
24,
E.l'
·3.
~j'}: ,), g.}: -J! • ~l -1. " -i·,.,14.
-1 !2.
»}': 'j,S'L
9.:4;3 . 'I_.
8<:< " ) .-
I • 98~:· I IA*rz:jtJn£.~.;J fiJ:t 1-IIJ\Jt:.)
o £il!1Sz£1lI
rp~~
8%
7%
4%
II
~JJtct~
I§1Sz
I
0
-=fE3
~j~~I§I~
io
1~5tEr"J
Jf!;ffl
1%
!.
f~!1~&~I§I~i
o
ffl5tB"Jf~JJ
2%
6%
II
D~pRII
f~~;NISz~I§~
II
1~7tEr"J1S(JJ
o
~JJtct&~~1Sz
o
:~fE3&~·t?EI~25%
4%
• *J7tEr"Jff!ffl
6%
4%
·*&I~
.11
~1m
39..
f~ ~
9:
r ...*IHit
~t:iF
~... '
1!2.
*
ilHr'j
it
N~:iFf,5) ...
J 0f~~
10:
r ... ~1r,f/Hi:iFf,5) ...
J 0~~ ~
11:
r ... ~~.;ft~t ~Ji 5~HfjLIJ~ ~t:iF *f
a0
M
*
~*
~,
#.
~JJI1 ... J~,'
'" 14'
r
r¥
~. . . .
<tHip 1:
I ...,f;Y
!l
A*
1t
&r
jf;?(E.tt
~ill;tit
it
*...
it
1&
~ft~ f~80 flO
or
're -
ll!:. /}::i1t
r",':t
flip r"":it!
a~ ~...
J 0<tUlip 2:
I .. , ~'f '
JiHtd
~A
jf;O(E. ~ffl;tit<tt
*...
~13JJT
:1f
/~fuJ
a0
~0
4t~.iE
(t\. 83)
0 M1~Hilp~a~J1.t~.£hJt 0MiI'$11 ,
30
(2)
'41-49
i~~ (