行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告
故入迷宮：紅樓夢的後現代狀況(II-II)
Pur posely Lost in the Labyr inth:
The Postmoder n Condition of
Hongloumeng
計畫編號：NSC 88-2411-H-002-045
執行期限：87 年 8 月 1 日至 88 年 7 月 31 日
主持人：廖咸浩 台灣大學外國語文學系
email: xliao@ccms.ntu.edu.tw
一、中文摘要 本計劃將以當代理論對紅樓夢做全面 的「重讀」。本計劃共分七章：１）兩種 起源論：前緣與偶然；２）故入迷宮：溯 源與迷離；３）失樂園 詩樂園：藝術與 人生；４）致命的吸引力：陷阱與逃逸； ５）黛玉或寶釵？：選擇與推延；６）肉 淫 意淫：執著與嬉遊；７）結論：曹雪 芹 v.s.曹雪芹。第一章建立整個重讀的基 礎。主要採用「自傳」與「後設小說」的 理論，把紅樓夢視為「小說中的小說」之 結構— — 在外的《紅樓夢》為框，裹著在 內的《石頭記》則為「石頭」的「自傳」。 此章的探討將使我們注意到本書其實有一 個不曾為人注意的層面，其中蘊涵了對藝 術與人生關係的精妙見地。第二章採用巴 達業的「迷宮理論」，剖析薛蟠 香菱 夏桂與寶玉 黛玉 寶釵這個令人不解的 平行關係。而得出本書朝向「流失」（傳 統意義）的基本取向。第三章承繼前二章 所發展出的架構，以後結構與後現代文化 理論，更深入探討本書中對藝術與人生關 係的複雜態度。換言之，即探討書中如何 看待「詩樂園」與「失樂園」的關係。第 四章以波希亞的「誘惑理論」與拉崗的「觀 視理論」，解析本書中太虛幻境、石頭、 寶玉三者的拉鋸關係。即太虛幻境與石頭 如何各自以其「寶玉之起源論」誘惑寶玉。 經此我們也可以把太虛的真正本質— — 儒 家體制的共犯— — 和盤托出。第五章以心 理分析與後結構的理論透視寶玉在黛玉與 寶釵之間須作選擇的象徵意義。指出此乃 「人類基本處境」的體現。第六章繼續以 心理分析與後結構的理論解讀「肉淫」與 「意淫」之間似是而非的親密關係，導出 本書中「執著」與「嬉遊」的衝突。第七 章為結論，將以當代關於現代性與後現代 性的理論，針對貫穿全書的兩種不同、但 又似為作者同時接受的人生態度，剖析其 對照與糾結之關係。 關鍵詞：１）欲望；２）誘惑；３）後設 小說；４）現代性；５）後現代性； ６）觀視；７）藝術 人生；８）偶 然；９）淫；１０）自傳；１１）紅 樓夢 Abstr actThis project purports to present in book form a re-reading of The Dream of the Red Chamber (Hong-lou-meng) in light of
contemporary literary and cultural theories. It is divided into seven chapters: 1) Two Accounts of Origin:Predestination and Chance; 2) Paradise Lost / Paradise Poetic: Art and Life; 3) Purposely Lost in the Labyrinth: Tracing Origin and Obliquing Origin (or semination and dis-semination); 4) Fatal Seduction: Trap and Flight; 5) Daiyu or Baochai?: Decision and Deferral; 6) Yin:
Attachment and Differance; 7) Conclusion: Cao Xueqin v.s. Cao Xueqin. The first chapter establishes the basis for the whole reading. I will mainly employ the theories of autobiography and metafiction to posit the thesis that Hongloumeng is to a surprising
extent a metafiction. The outer layer of
Hongloumeng frames the inner core of Shi-tou-ji . The novel therefore has a never
suspected agenda that develops a rather sophisticated comment on the relationship between art and life. The second chapter utilizes Bataille’s theories of general economy and labyrinth to examine the
relationships: Xue Pan/ Xiang-Ling/ Xia Jin-gui and Bao-yu/ Dai-yu/ Bao-chai. The result will bring to light the novel’s basic tendency toward loss (of conventional “meaning”). On the basis of the insights provided by the first two chapters, the third chapter further delves into the rebus of the relationship between art and life as bodied forth in the novel. In other words, what concerns us here can also be understood as how this novel negotiates between “paradise lost” and “paradise poetic.” Chapter four makes a combined use of Baudrillard’s theory of seduction Lacan’s theory of gaze and look to examine how Baoyu is caught in a tug-of-war between the Gread Void and the stone, both of which claim to be the place where he has originated. This examination will reveal the true nature of the Great Void as an accomplice of the Confucian thinking, a phenomenon which has never been satisfactorily accounted for. Chapter five explores in the light of poststructuralist theories and psychoanalysis the significance of Baoyu’s having to choose between Daiyu and Baochai, a significance that actually underlies the human condition. Chapter six uses similar theories to analyze the entangled relationship between rou-yin and yi-yin, one
which eventually will appear to poise uneasily on a tension between attachment and differance. In Chapter seven we come to a tentative conclusion of this re-reading. It will enlist the theories concerning modernity and (of) postmodernity to shed light on the two intertwining and yet often conflicting attitudes toward life that underlie this novel.
Keywor ds: 1) desire; 2) seduction; 3)
metafiction; 4) modernity; 5)
postmodernity; 6) gaze; 7) art / life; 8) chance; 9) yin (attachment);; 10)
autobiography; 11) Dream of the Red Chamber (Hongloumeng) 二、緣由與目的 紅樓夢的詮釋歷經索隱、考證、傳記等學 派將紅學導入歷史研究之後，雖有余英時 等學者以新批評時期之西方文學批評理論 使紅學研究得以峰迴路轉，但新批評之後 的新視角並不多見。本人對紅樓夢一書的 研究興趣開始甚早。近年來因不斷嘗試以 當代理論解決前人忽視或無力之問題（如 書中紅樓夢與石頭記重疊、但對故事起源 描述互相矛盾的現象；太虛幻境 警幻仙 子時而佛家、時而道學的面貌；薛蟠與香 菱的意義；寶玉為何對其玉珮有愛恨情 結；大觀園與太虛幻境到底有何異同；寶 釵與黛玉與寶玉的關係，有何象徵意義 等），在相關研究上已發展出若干突破性 的新視角，並足堪以此等視角全面重讀本 書。此重讀工作不但將周詳解決上述難 題，更將為紅學研究開啟前人未及之領 域。以本人目前研究計劃的初步面貌判斷 （見己發表之二篇論文及本研究計劃之抽 要），已可預見研究結果必將言人所未言。 到目前為止，本人的兩篇論文不但在學術 會議受到國內外相關學者的注意與謬讚， 且此二論文皆獲國科會獎助。凡此皆使本 人對此計劃之信心培增。 三、結果與討論 １）研本計畫執行過程中所遭遇的問題， 皆能在原本的詮釋體系中迎刃而解。 而且解決問題的過程又能更進一步對 原先架構之詮釋體系有所增益，使本 計畫之面貌更形完整。 ２）本計劃雖為專書，未發表之各章已分 別寫成單篇論文計二篇，其中＜致命 的吸引力：紅樓夢中的誘惑與逃逸＞ 已於 1998/9/18 宣讀於「台北紅樓夢 博覽會學術研討會」（於師範大學）。 另一篇將選擇適當學術場合發表。全 書將於近期完成修訂並付梓。 ３）本研究計劃目前已與聯經出版社談 妥，將與大陸三聯出版社於海峽兩岸 同步發行。
四、計劃成果自評 １）前述已發表之論文受到各方紅學專家 的謬讚與好評，與本人早先之紅學論 文前後呼應，對紅學研究再次形成衝 擊。全書問世之後，本研究所發展出 來的紅樓夢詮釋體系將對紅學研究有 更進一步的革命性影響。 ２）本研究計劃將由台灣聯經出版社與大 陸三聯出版社於海峽兩岸同步發行。 對本書之影響力將有進一步的強化。 ３）本計劃聘任之兼任研究生助理前後四 名，皆能在研究方法上（蒐集資料、 建檔、各種軟體之運用、當代理論之 應用）有長足的進步，並對相關之紅 學與當代理論之議題有更進一步的了 解。 五、參考文獻 一．紅樓夢部份 （I）中文部份 （一）論文選集： 《紅樓夢問題討論集》（四集）上海：作 家出版社。 胡適等（１９６１）《紅樓夢考證》台北： 遠東圖書公司。 胡文彬、周雷編（１９８１）《台灣紅學 論文選》天津：百花文藝出版社。 — — — （１９８２）《香港紅學論文選》 天津：百花文藝出版社。 — — — （１９８２）《海外紅學論集》上 海：上海古籍出版社。 幼獅月刊社輯（１９７２）《紅樓夢研究 集》台北：幼獅文化事業公司。 吳宏一編（１９７４）《紅樓夢研究彙編》 台北：巨浪出版社。 吳世昌等（１９６３） 《散論紅樓夢》香 港：建文書局。 吳世昌等（１９７５）《紅樓夢研究資料》 北京師大學報叢書之三。北京：北京 師大。 一粟編（１９５８）《紅樓夢書錄》上海： 古典文學出版社。 — — — （１９６３）《紅樓夢卷》上海： 古典文學出版社。 周策縱編（１９８３）《首屆國際紅樓夢 研討會論文集》香港：中文大學出版 社。 周汝昌等（１９７７）《曹雪芹與紅樓夢》 北京：中華書局。 （二）專著 （部份重要論文因已收入上列各論文選集 中，故未再單獨羅列） 蔡義江（１９７９）《紅樓夢詩詞曲賦評 注》北京：北京出版社。 蔡元培（１９８９）《石頭記索隱》北京： 北京大學出版社。 陳慶浩（１９７９）《新編紅樓夢脂硯齋 評語輯校》台北：聯經出版事業公司。 陳毓羆、劉世德、鄧紹基（１９７８）上 海：上海古籍出版社。 馮其庸（１９７８）《論庚辰本》上海： 文藝出版社。 高陽（１９７７）《紅樓一家言》台北： 聯經出版事業公司。 胡菊人（１９７７）《紅樓水滸與小說藝 術》香港：百葉書舍。 胡適（１９８８）《胡適紅樓夢研究論述 全編》上海：上海古籍出版社。 黃金銘（１９７７）《紅樓夢的敘述藝術》 黎登鑫譯。台北：成文出版社。 康來新（１９８５）《石頭渡海》台北： 漢光文化事業股份有限公司。 李辰冬（１９７７）《紅樓夢研究》台北： 正中書局。 林以亮（１９７６）《紅樓夢西遊記》台 北：聯經出版事業公司。 林語堂（１９６６）《平心論高鶚》台北： 文星書店。 劉大杰（１９５６）《紅樓夢的思想與人 物》上海：古典文學出版社。 潘重規（１９７４）《紅學六十年》台北：
文史哲出版社。 — — — （１９７４）《紅樓夢新辨》台北： 文史哲出版社。 薩孟武（１９７７）《紅樓夢與中國舊家 庭》台北：東大圖書公司。 孫遜（１９９１）《紅樓夢探究》台北： 大安出版社。 孫遜、陳詔（１９８２）《紅樓夢與金瓶 梅》銀川：寧夏人民出版社。 宋淇（１９７２）＜論大觀園＞《明報月 刊》８１ 松青（１９７９）《紅樓夢人物論》台北： 長安出版社。 王國維（１９７３）《王國維先生三種》 台北：育民出版社 王夢阮、沈瓶庵（１９６４）《紅樓夢索 隱》北京：中華書局 王三慶（１９６９）《紅樓夢版本研究》 中國文化大學中國文學研究所博士論 文。 吳恩裕（１９６２）《曹雪芹的故事》北 京：中華書局。 — — — （１９６３）《有關曹雪芹十種》 文海：古典文學出版社。 俞平伯（１９５８）＜《紅樓夢八十回校 本》序言＞北京：人民文學出版社。 — — — （１９５２）《紅樓夢研究》上海： 棠棣出版社。 — — — （１９５７）《脂硯齋紅樓夢輯評》 上海：古典文學出版社。 余英時（１９７８）《紅樓夢的兩個世界》 台北：聯經出版事業公司。 張愛玲（１９７７）《紅樓夢魘》台北： 皇冠出版社。 趙岡（１９７５）《紅樓夢論集》台北： 志文出版社。 趙岡、陳鍾毅（１９７３）《紅樓夢研究 新編》台北：聯經出版事業公司。 — — — （１９７８）《花香銅臭讀紅樓》 台北：時報出版公司。 周汝昌（１９６２）《紅樓夢新證》（二 卷）台北：明倫書局。 — — — （１９６４）《曹雪芹》上海：作 家出版社 朱淡文（１９９１）《紅樓夢研究》台北： 貫雅文化事業有限公司。 朱虛白（１９６０）《紅樓夢人物評傳》 台北：新興書局。 （II）英文部份
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