(<2500g) had higher failure rate in gross motor skill, langue, social contact, and children development (all categories). Maternal nationality did not have significant effect on children development.
Conclusion: Cadmium affects the gross motor skill performance of children. The development of immigrant children is not worse than those born domestically. Low birth weight is an important factor affecting children development.
SP-108
Possible Age Differences in the Predictors for Incident Use and Long-Term Use of Benzodiazepines (BZDs) in Community-Dwelling Population in Taiwan
Shao-You Fang, Hsueh-Han Yeh, Hsing-Yi Chang, I-Shou Chang, Keh-Ming Lin, Chuan-Yu Chen, Sheng-Tsung Yu
National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
Benzodiazepines are one of the most commonly abused psychoactive medications worldwide. This study sought to understand predictors of incident use and long-term use (LTU) of Benzodiazepines (BZDs) in
community-dwelling civilians in Taiwan and probe possible adult-elderly differences in such links. The data were from 2005 National Household Interview Survey (NHIS). Information concerning pharmacological services and medical records in 2004-2006 National Health Insurance Research Database were subsequently retrieved upon consent (linkage rate~70%). Building up 15,508 individuals who had received any BZD
prescription in 2004, incident use was defined by having received BZD prescription at least one day in 2005; as to LTU, having 180-or-more BZD prescription days between 2005-06. Complex survey analyses were performed to estimate association strengths.
Annual incident rate of BZD use in adults and elderly was 7.26% and 10.98%, respectively. Among BZD new users, roughly one in 6~7 elders develop LTU,
significantly higher than 5% in adults. Adult-elderly differences appear in the predictor profile of LTU. For example, higher educational attainment and having more physical disorders in individual characteristics were modestly associated with BZD LTU in adults (aOR=1.4~2.1); whereas for elderly BZD users, only service-provider attributes matter (receiving BZD prescriptions from ≧2 specialties, aOR=12.47). Our study found possible adult-elderly differences in not only the occurrence of incident use and LTU of BZD, but also the predictor profile. Future health education and pharmacological policy should integrate age-tailored strategies to reduce BZD LTU related problems.
SP-109
The Effect of Floating in Seawater on Physical and Psychological States- Evaluation of Anxiety
Psychological State in Subjective Perspective by Using Stai and Vas-
Takehiko Toyosato, Jun Motomura, Takao Yokota, Masashi Arakawa, Tetsuya Miyagi
University of the Ryukyus, Japan
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of floating in seawater on physical and
psychological states.
Subject and Methods: The study was performed with a randomized , nonblinded, crossover design. The eighteen subjects aged 19-29 (21.0±2.2 y) who had no medical treatment and agreed to the informed consent are selected as participate. The subjects were randomly assigned to either an intervention of floating in sea-water (FS) or to a control group of lying on a bed (LB), and performed both trials after 48h washout periods in Thalassotherapy health-spa facilities, Okinawa, Japan in May, 2006. To evaluate the effect of trials on physical and psychological state, STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and VAS (Visual Analog Scale) were measured at before and after of each trial.
Results: A significant difference was found between SF and LB on the state anxiety scores after the
intervention.On the subjective evaluation on the psychological state, the score of will, mood,
concentration and appetite state decreased significantly after intervention, while that didn’t change significantly in the control.
Conclusions: As a conclusion, the floating in seawater as a thalassotherapy had better effects to decrease anxiety and improve psychological state, and it might be well recommended as it was good to relaxation stresses and improve mental health.
SP-110
The Relationships of Coping Behaviors with
Bereavement, Attachment Styles, and Anticipatory Mourning Reactions among Families of Terminal Cancer Patients in Kaoshiung Hospice
Huei-Jia Tzeng
Kaohsiung Municipal Min-Sheng Hospital, Taiwan The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of coping behaviors with bereavement, attachment styles, and anticipatory mourning reactions among families of terminal cancer patients, and to understand the differences between anticipatory mourning reactions and bereavement-related factors, such as sex, age, religion, health condition and social support.The subjects of this study were 142 families in Kaoshiung Hospice. The subjects were evaluated by Attachment Style Scale, Brief COPE Scale, and RGEI Scale.The data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0. The results were summarized as follows: 1.The anticipatory mourning reactions among subjects were significantly effected by sex, health condition, sources of social support, and relationship quality, such as conflict or dependence. 2.Attachment styles were significantly
-Poster Sessi
on
II
related with the differences in "planning", "positive reframing", "religion", "denial", and "behavioral disengagement" of coping behaviors with bereavement. 3.Attachment styles were significantly related with the differences in "existential concerns", "depression", and "physical distress" of anticipatory mourning reactions. 4.The anticipatory mourning reactions among subjects correlated negatively with coping behaviors of "active coping", "positive reframing", "acceptance", "using instrumental support", and "venting", whereas positively with coping behaviors of "denial","behavioral
disengagement", and "self-blame".Suggestions were proposed in accordance with the study result.
SP-111
The Analysis of Exercise Behavior and Depression Tendency in Taiwan: Results from Taiwan National Health Kap Interview Survey in 2002
Yi-Chun Yeh, Kai-Ren Chen Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
This study aimed to: (1) describe the prevalence of exercise behavior and depression tendency in Taiwan, and (2) analyze the relationships between exercise behavior and depression tendency. Data from Taiwan National Health KAP Interview Survey were analyzed. People of age 15 years and older (n=26,755) were reviewed by a three stage systematic random sampling of households in this cross-sectional study. The
relationships between exercise behavior and depression tendency was analyzed by Chi-square test and logistic regression. The main findings of this study were as the following: 1. The subjects without exercise behavior were 44.8%. 2. The subjects with depression tendency were 4.8%. 3. Subjects who were males, older than 65 years old, illiterate, widowed, not working, at lower health status, at lower economic level or living alone were more likely to exercise regularly. 4. Subjects who were females, elderly and adolescents, widowed, divorced, separated, at lower health status, at lower economic status or living alone were at highest risk of depression tendency. 5. The relationships between exercise regularity and depression tendency were negative; and that between exercise intensity and depression tendency were positive. 6. When
demographic factors were adjusted, regular exercise was the major factor to decrease depression tendency, and the relationships between exercise intensity and depression tendency were positive. According to the finding, we may apply to help develop the policy for preventing depression and promoting physical and mental health.
SP-112
Effects of Work Support Program for the Person with Disabilities Rehabilitation
Tetsuya Miyagi, Yuka Iha, Takehiko Toyosato, Takao Yokota, Toshihiro Shimoji
University of the Ryukyus, Japan
Purpose: The purpose of our study was to establish fundamental job support environmental at psychiatric department clinical site.
Subjects and method: We adopted
Randomized-Controlled Trial to measure the effectiveness of starting job program during the six months. Twenty people with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 10) or to a control group (n = 10). Regards to judgment scale of intervention effect, we conducted several scale for three times, pretest, 3-months posttest, and 6-months posttest and these scales are Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Life Assessment Scale for the Mentally Ill and Self-Efficacy for Community Life scale. We also used General Self-efficacy Scale and Work-Personality scale.
Result: The score of GSES in the control group increased significantly after 6 months, but that in the intervention group did not. The score of SECL in both the control group and the intervention group did not change
significantly between pre-test and post-test. The score of Work-Personality in the intervention group increased significantly between pre-test and 2-months post-test, and between pre-test and 4-months post-test, whereas that in the control group did not.
Conclusion: Considering above results, this work support program has proved that it has learning effect on
schizophrenia in terms of their current recognition and job skills. Thus, this program has demonstrated its effectiveness toward schizophrenia for their social reinstatement support.
SP-113
Medicine Inefficiency among the Insured in Indonesia: A Case Study in a Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia Pujiyanto Pujiyanto, Budi Hidayat
University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Physicians tend to be less sensitive to the costs of healthcare services when the patients covered by insurance. This makes the physician provides unnecessary of healthcare services, including provide prescriptions more medicine. One of the types of inefficiency is the unused medicine that has been priscribed by the physician. To test a hypothesis of whether the physicians prescribed more medicine among the insured patients, a study was done in a hospital in Jakarta. The study include 236 insured patients as the sample, which was selected randomly from 2.225 inpatients during the year 2008. The results confirms that there was an inefficiency of prescribed medicine, among other, due to (i) replacement of existing medicine, (ii) the physician prescribed more medicine than needed, and (iii) the doctors prescribe more medicine in order to be stocked of the ward. The inneficiency figures reached about 19% of the total medicine costs, consisting of 21% of the medicine covered by insurance and 5% of
non-insurance. Our multiple linear regressions confirms
