異角釉小蜂 (Hemiptarsenus varicornis) (膜翅目：釉小蜂科) 之貯存與產卵調節能力

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(1)ं‫ـ‬ൢ֙ έ៉‫ٿ‬ᖪ 25: 9-21 (2005) Formosan Entomol. 25: 9-21 (2005). ள֎࿏ཻ̈ (Hemiptarsenus varicornis) (ቯਂϫĈ࿏ཻ̈ࡊ) ̝෬хᄃயӉአ༼ਕ˧ ᏿ഀ২*! Ο↳‫!࢐୿ૺ !܍‬. Җ߆ੰྺຽ؎ࣶົྺຽྏរٙᑕϡજ‫ۏ‬௡! έ̚Ꭹᙳपฏ̚ϒྮ 29: ཱི!. ၡ! ! ࢋ ! ! ώ͛ଣ੅ள֎࿏ཻ̈ (Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault)) ෬х̝ᖪഇᄃ୧І ̈́ᅬཻགྷ෬х‫̝ޢ‬யӉአ༼ਕ˧Ąඕ‫ۢ଀ڍ‬ௐ˘͟᛬ུд 8ƨ ˭གྷ෬х 1Ƃ2 ฉ‫ޢ‬ д 25ƨ ˭̝Ҁ̼தӈ˭ࢫࠎ 71.2Ƃ73.4%Ăᄃ၆໰௡̝ 96.0% Ӕព඾मளĄ҃ௐ ˘͟᛬ུд 10ƨ ˭གྷ෬х 1Ƃ5 ฉ‫ޢ‬д 25ƨ ˭̝Ҁ̼த‫੼ݒ‬྿ 91.7Ƃ99.0%Ăᄃ ၆໰௡൑ព඾मளĂͷ‫ك‬ඈ‫ܐ‬Ҁ̼јཻொˢ 25ƨ ‫ؠ‬໢֭Տֻ͟ᑕ૙͹‫߷ܧ‬ළ೹ሕᙀ (Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)) ᄃ৷ཻᄘॡĂ‫׎‬ᅬăฯཻု‫׻‬ᄃ̄΃ᅬّͧᔵ̙‫ཻצ‬ ུҲ໢෬х 1Ƃ4 ฉ̝ᇆᜩĂҭ‫࡭׎‬Ѫ૙͹ᓁᇴᄃཻ̄ᇴ‫كצݒ‬ඈཻུҲ໢෬х̝ᇆ ᜩĂྵ၆໰௡Чഴ͌ 44.3Ƃ54.7% ᄃ 55.9Ƃ67.2%Ąјཻд 15Ƃ30ƨ ˭่ͽ৷ཻ ᄘᔼࢴॡĂͽ 15ƨ ॡᅬăฯཻု‫׻‬౵‫ܜ‬Ă‫׎‬၁ീࣃЧࠎ 44.7 ᄃ 42.3 ͟Ăͷᅬă ฯཻЧ෬хҌ 38 ᄃ 37 ͟ॡĂ‫׎‬х߿த̪੼྿ 80%ĄТॡ൴னᅬཻд 15 ٕ 25ƨ ˭ᔼࢴ৷ཻᄘ‫ޞ‬෬хഇ႕ொˢ 25ƨ ‫ؠ‬໢ͷՏֻ͟ᑕ૙͹ᄃ৷ཻᄘ‫ޢ‬Ă่ᅬཻд 15 ƨ ˭෬х 10 ͟۰Ă‫׎‬Ϡֈ˧Ğfertilityğᄃ࡭Ѫ૙͹ਕ˧ᄃ၆໰௡൑ព඾मளć҃ ᅬཻд 15 ٕ 25ƨ ˭Ч෬х 20Ƃ30 ٕ 10Ƃ15 ͟۰Ă‫׻ု׎‬ă࡭Ѫ૙͹ᓁᇴ̈́ ̄΃ᅬّͧඈᔵᄃ၆໰௡൑ព඾मளĂҭ‫ཻ̄׎‬ᇴ‫ݒ‬ព඾ྵ၆໰௡Чഴ͌ 39.2Ƃ 43.6% ᄃ 31.4Ƃ33.3%Ąᓁ̝Ă‫̰ވ‬ᓄതள֎࿏ཻ̈ॡ̝෬х୧ІྵᚑĂ‫ͽ̚׎‬ᅬཻ д 15ƨ ˭ᔼࢴ৷ཻᄘ෬х 10 ͟۰ࠎ౵ዋĂ‫׎‬Ѩࠎᅬཻд 15 ٕ 25ƨ ˭ᔼࢴ৷ཻ ᄘЧ෬х 20Ƃ30 ٕ 10Ƃ15 ͟ĂГѨࠎௐ˘͟᛬ུд 10ƨ ˭෬х 1Ƃ4 ฉĄҭ ϣมͽϠ‫ۏ‬ᘽ጗͞ёᛖ‫ٸ‬ள֎࿏ཻ̈ॡĂ‫׎‬෬х̝୧ІΞྵᓄതॡࠎᆵĂ‫ͽ̚׎‬ᅬཻ д 15 ٕ 25ƨ ˭ᔼࢴ৷ཻᄘЧ෬х 10Ƃ30 ٕ 10Ƃ15 ͟ࠎ౵ዋĂ‫׎‬Ѩࠎᅬཻд 15ƨ ˭ᔼࢴ৷ཻᄘ෬х 40 ٕ͟ௐ˘͟᛬ུд 10ƨ ˭෬х 1Ƃ4 ฉĄΩᅬཻགྷ෬ х‫ޢ‬Г࿃૙͹ॡቁ‫׍‬யӉአ༼ਕ˧Ă‫ ͽ̚׎‬15ƨ ˭࿣ᗓ૙͹ 10 ͟۰̝͟૙Ϡ‫ݭ‬ё ᄃ၆໰௡౵ࠎ‫ܕ‬ҬĂ‫΁׎‬Ч఍ந௡̝ฟؕயӉ͟ഇăயӉ੼पഇ̝൴Ϡᄃ޺ᜈഇᔵᄃ ၆໰௡ரТĂҭ‫ك‬ඈயӉ੼पഇม̝͟யӉ૙Ϡᇴ‫ྵݒ‬໰௡ࢫҲĄ ᜰᗤຠȈள֎࿏ཻ̈ă‫߷ܧ‬ළ೹ሕᙀă෬хă࡭Ѫ૙͹ਕ˧ăயӉአ༼ਕ˧. *ኢ͛ᓑᘭˠ e-mail: [email protected]. ள֎࿏ཻ̝̈෬хᄃயӉአ༼ਕ˧. 9.

(2) ࠉ! ! ِ. Ιȃசкේ‫ސ‬ȃசк݀ᙫЅசҡြϞႷ‫ى‬ ώྏរٙϡ̝‫߷ܧ‬ළ೹ሕᙀᖪ໚ă૙͹ങ. ள֎࿏ཻ̈ (Hemiptarsenus varicornis. ‫( ֑෉ۏ‬Phaseolus vulgaris var. communis. (Girault)) ̶ο‫ڌٺ‬Η஧̝ሤ૲ᄃື૲࡚̈́. Aeschers) ࡺ̈́૙͹‫߷ܧ‬ළ೹ሕᙀ̝ᓄത͞. ઼ăआ‫ރ‬лăᖠᇝֲăᄂ៉ă઼̂̚ౙᇃ‫ڌ‬ඈ. ‫ڱ‬Ăт Chien and Ku (1996) ٙࢗĄள֎࿏. г (Kerrich, 1968; Minkenberg and van. ཻ̝̈ᖪ໚ᄃᓄത͞‫ڱ‬Ă‫݋‬т Chien and Ku. Lenteren, 1986; Boucek, 1988; Lin and. (2001a, b) ٙࢗĄӈͽ૲ѣௐˬ᛬‫߷ܧ‬ළ೹ሕ. Wang, 1992; Murphy and LaSalle, 1999;. ᙀρᖪሕࢴ̝ឫ೧෉֑ࡺĂᓄതள֎࿏ཻ̈Ą. Zeng et al., 1999)Ą૙͹ቑಛΒ߁ᗕਂϫሕᙀ ࡊ̝‫߷ܧ‬ළ೹ሕᙀ. (Liriomyza trifolii. (Burgess)) ă ൫ ࡵ ೹ ሕ ᙀ. (L. bryoniae. (Kaltenbach)) ă ቸ ෉ ೹ ሕ ᙀ (L. sativae. Πȃசҡြசҡमԫசкᇄ‫ॵڥ‬मԫசкϞୢ Ϸ ώྏរ̚ડ̶૙͹ρᖪజள֎࿏ཻ̈૙. (Blanchard)) ă ඘ ࡿ ೹ ሕ ᙀ. (L. pusilla. Ϡٕ‫࡭̝ޢࢴפ‬Ѫᇈ‫ې‬Ăֶܼ Chien and Ku. Meigen) ̈́ ෉ ֑ ఏ ሕ ᙀ. (Ophiomyia. (2001a, b) ٙࢗĂజ૙Ϡ۰វเҒăγԛᗫ࿺. phaseoli (Tryon)) ඈ (Kerrich, 1968; Boucek,. ٛ‫ܜ‬ҭ̪ܲ޺ֽ̝ࣧ࿸႕ăঐ̼გ̰൑ຳქҒ. 1988; Del, 1989; Lee, 1990; Lin and Wang,. ̝̰ट‫ۏ‬ăӔஎ‫ޘ‬౫༑‫ې‬ၗćజ‫ࢴפ‬۰វเነ. 1992)Ąдᄂ៉̚ొ‫߷ܧ‬ළ๩̰Ăྍ่ཻ̙ࠎ. Ғăγԛҩ‫ܜ‬វ޴ͷ෇ᒺăঐ̼გ̰̪ണѣຳ. ‫߷ܧ‬ළ೹ሕᙀ̝ώг჌ᐹ๕૙Ϡཻ (Chien. ქҒ̝̰ट‫ۏ‬ă๋˾఍঻ѣ઀ஃ̝វ୵Ą. and Ku, 1998)ĂͷϤ‫׎‬Ϡ‫ّۏ‬ពϯࠎѣड़૙ Ϡཻ (Lin and Wang, 1992; Chien and Ku, 2001a, b; Chien and Ku, 2002; Chien et al.,. έȃճྣອԆြဵᄇဵ෈ี‫ى‬Ϟኇ៪ А૟д 25ƨ ˭ᓄത̝ௐ˘͟᛬ཻུՏ. 2004)ĄซҖचᖪϠ‫ڼ֨ۏ‬ॡĂࠎ੨Ъचᖪ̝. 30 ࣎྅ˢ 7Ű1.5 cm ̝޽ԛგ̰Ă൒‫ޢ‬૟‫׎‬. ൴ϠĂ૱ᅮ෬х͇ᇲͽ౯ዋॡᛖ‫ٸ‬Ăтѩ͇ᇲ. ̶Ҿொˢ 8 ᄃ 10ƨ ̝‫ؠ‬໢ቐ̰ĂЧ෬х. ̝෬хᖪഇᄃ୧ІӈࠎचᖪϠ‫ڼ֨ۏ‬јୀ۞. 1ă2ă3 ̈́ 4 ฉᄃ 1ă2ă3ă4ă5ă6ă8 ̈́. ᙯᔣ̝˘Ą൒ள֎࿏ཻ̈෬х̝࠹ᙯྤफ़ѣ. 9 ฉĂ‫ޞ‬Ч఍ந෬хഇ႕‫ޢ‬Ă૟̰ѣཻུ̝޽. ࢨĂ่ۢྍཻု‫צੵ׻‬໢‫ޘ‬ᇆᜩγĂ‫ཻצإ‬ᄘ. ԛგ‫פ‬΍ொҌ 25ƨ ‫ؠ‬໢˭Ă‫ ̚׎‬8ƨ ̝Ч. ᄃ‫׎‬૙͹វ୵̝ᇆᜩ (Chien et al., 2004)Ą. ఍ந௡่੃ᐂјཻ̝Ҁ̼தĂ҃ 10ƨ ̝Ч఍. Ωγ༊૙͹৿ͻॡĂ૙Ϡཻߏӎ‫׍‬ѣயӉአ༼. ந௡‫੃݋‬ᐂཻུ̝൴ֈ͟ᇴᄃјཻ̝Ҁ̼. ਕ˧ĂϺࠎෞҤѣड़૙Ϡཻ̝ࢋІ̝˘Ąࠎᆧ. தĄΩన˘ϏགྷҲ໢෬х̝၆໰௡ĄЧซҖ 3. ซள֎࿏ཻ̈၆‫߷ܧ‬ළ೹ሕᙀϠ‫̝ڼ֨ۏ‬Ӏ. Ƃ4 ࢦኑĄ. ϡĂ˜ซҖώྏរĂଣ੅ள֎࿏ཻ̈౵ዋ̝෬ хᖪഇᄃ୧Ї́ྍཻ̝யӉአ༼ਕ˧Ăጔਕ೩ ֻྍཻ෬хԫఙᄃܲֈନ߉̝ણ҂Ą. ѲȃճྣອԆြဵᄇԙြҡ‫ى‬Ψ (fertility) ᇄ मԫசк૖ΨϞኇ៪ Ӏϡ݈ีཻུགྷ 10ƨ Ҳ໢෬х 1ă3ă. ؅ਟᇄП‫ݲ‬. 4ă6 ̈́ 8 ฉ‫ޢ‬ϒ૱Ҁ̼̝јཻࠎྏՄĄд 25ƨ ‫ؠ‬໢˭Ă૟‫ܐ‬Ҁ̼̝˘၆ᅬăฯཻ͔ˢ. 10. έ៉‫ٿ‬ᖪௐ˟˩̣‫ס‬ௐ˘ഇ.

(3) 21Ű12 cm ̝ࠟሬඌĂՏ͟ѝ˯ 7 ᕇĂЧ఍. ૙͹ௐˬ᛬ρᖪሕࢴ̝ឫ೧෉֑ࡺĂۡҌֻྏ. நͽ௟ͨඊ૟৷ཻᄘ๮‫ࠟٺ‬ሬඌ̰ጨĂֻ֭ᑕ. ཻѪ˸ࠎͤĄྏរഇมĂՏ͟૟Ч఍ந௡ٙՀ. 1 ঀ̰ѣ 40Ƃ50 ੸૙͹ௐˬ᛬ρᖪሕࢴ̝. ೱ˭̰ѣజ૙Ϡ૙͹̝෉֑ࡺொҌ 25ƨ ˭. ឫ೧෉֑ࡺĂۡҌֻྏཻѪ˸ࠎͤĄྏរഇ. ࿶ֈۡҌ̄΃јཻҀ̼Ăͷֶ Chien and Ku. มĂՏ͟૟Ч఍நٙՀೱ˭̰ѣజ૙Ϡ૙͹̝. (2001a) ̝͞‫ڱ‬Ă੃ᐂЧ఍ந௡јཻ̝ု‫׻‬ă. ෉֑ࡺொҌ 25ƨ ˭࿶ֈۡҌ̄΃јཻҀ. ཻ̄ᇴă̄΃ᅬّͧ (♀/(♀ + ♂))ă࡭Ѫ૙͹. ̼Ăֶ֭ Chien and Ku (2001a) ̝͞‫ڱ‬Ă. ᓁᇴă૙Ϡ࡭Ѫ૙͹ᇴă‫࡭ࢴפ‬Ѫ૙͹ᇴ̈́૙. ‫ٺ‬ତཻ‫ޢ‬Ѩ୐ĂАӀϡ౅Ѝ‫ࢍڱ‬ᇴᅬཻ၆૙͹. Ϡ࡭Ѫ૙͹ᇴᄃ‫࡭ࢴפ‬Ѫ૙͹ᇴּ̝ͧඈĄϺ. ρᖪ̝࡭Ѫᓁᇴ (૙Ϡ࡭Ѫᇴᄃ‫࡭ࢴפ‬Ѫ. న˘Ϗགྷ෬х̝၆໰௡ĄЧซҖ 4Ƃ11 ࢦኑĄ. ᇴ)Ă6 ͟‫ޢ‬ĂГ̶Ҿ੃ᐂᅬཻ၆૙͹ρᖪ̝ ૙Ϡᇴ (૙Ϡཻུᇴ) ᄃ‫ࢴפ‬૙͹ᇴ (࡭Ѫ૙. ΜȃርြϞ౰֊ᇄ‫ॵڥ‬፡࿽૖Ψ. ͹ᓁᇴů૙Ϡཻུᇴ) ̈́૙Ϡ࡭Ѫ૙͹ᄃ‫ࢴפ‬. ӀϡՄफ़ᄃ͞‫ڱ‬ௐ̱ีྏរ̝̚Մफ़ᄃ. ࡭Ѫ૙͹ּ̝ͧඈć‫ޞ‬૙ϠཻѪ˸‫੃ޢ‬ᐂјཻ. ͞‫ڱ‬Ăଣീᅬཻ༊ֻ่ᑕ৷ཻᄘă൑૙͹хд. ု‫׻‬ćཻ̄Ҁ̼‫ޢ‬Г੃ᐂᅬཻᄃฯཻᇴ̈́ᅬّ. ॡயӉᄃ‫ࢴפ‬૙͹̝አ༼ਕ˧ĄྏរഇมĂՏ. ͧ (♀/(♀ + ♂))ĄϺన˘ϏགྷҲ໢෬х̝၆໰. ͟૟Ч఍ந௡ٙՀೱ˭̰ѣజ૙Ϡ૙͹̝෉. ௡ĄЧซҖ 4Ƃ20 ࢦኑĄ. ֑ࡺொҌ 25ƨ ˭࿶ֈۡҌ̄΃јཻҀ̼Ăͷ ֶ Chien and Ku (2001a) ̝͞‫ڱ‬Ă੃ᐂЧ. Ϥȃྣ࡙ᄇԙြອԆਢჰ‫ڼ‬ᇄԆࣀ౥Ϟኇ៪ А૟‫ ٺ‬25ƨ ˭‫ܐ‬Ҁ̼̝јཻՏ 10 ၆ ͔ˢ 10Ű3 cm ̝ࠟሬგ̰ĂГ૟ࠟሬგ̶. ఍ந௡ᅬཻՏ̝͟யӉ૙Ϡᇴᄃ‫ࢴפ‬૙͹ ᇴĄϺన˘Ϗགྷ෬х̝၆໰௡ĄЧซҖ 4Ƃ11 ࢦኑĄ. Ҿ‫ٸ‬ˢ 15ă20ă25 ̈́ 30ƨ ඈ̙Т໢‫ؠ̝ޘ‬ ໢ቐĂՏ͟ͽ௟ͨඊ૟৷ཻᄘ๮‫ࠟٺ‬ሬგ̰ጨ ֻ‫ࢴפ׎‬Ă֭੃ᐂјཻ̝ု‫׻‬ᄃ͟х߿தĂЧ ซҖ 5 ࢦኑĄ. ΤȃಛॎϷ‫ݙ‬ Ч ี ྏ រ ྤ फ़ Ӏ ϡ SPSS (Statistical Products and Services Solutions) హវАซ Җត̶͞‫ژ‬ĂГͽ౵̈ព඾म (LSD) ‫ ٕڱ‬t. ϲȃԙြອԆᄇ‫ڏ‬ҡ‫ى‬Ψᇄमԫசк૖ΨϞኇ. ࣃീྏ‫ڱ‬ᑭീĂ֭ଳ p ≦ 0.05 ព඾ͪ໤ͧྵ. ៪. ఍நม̝मளّĄӀϡਫ਼ᕩ̶‫ڱژ‬ពϯ૙Ϡཻ. А૟д 25ƨ ˭‫ܐ‬Ҁ̼̝јཻՏ 10 ၆. ̝Чീྏีϫ (y^ )ĂтུഇăҀ̼தăᅬཻᄃ. ͔ˢ 10Ű3 cm ̝ࠟሬგĂГ૟ࠟሬგ̶Ҿ. ฯཻ̝ု‫׻‬ăᅬཻ࡭Ѫ૙͹ᓁᇴăᅬཻ૙Ϡ࡭. ‫ٸ‬ཉд 15 ᄃ 25ƨ ̝‫ؠ‬໢˭Ă15ƨ ॡЧ෬. Ѫ૙͹ᇴăᅬཻ‫࡭ࢴפ‬Ѫ૙͹ᇴăᅬཻ૙Ϡ࡭. х 10ă20ă30 ̈́ 40 ͟Ă25ƨ ॡЧ෬х 10. Ѫ૙͹ᇴᄃ‫࡭ࢴפ‬Ѫ૙͹ᇴּ̝ͧăཻ̄ᇴ̈́. ᄃ 15 ͟ĂഇมՏ͟ͽ௟ͨඊ૟৷ཻᄘ๮‫ࠟٺ‬. ᅬّͧඈᄃ෬хഇ (x) ̝ᙯܼĂ֭ଳ p < 0.05. ሬგ̰ጨᔼࢴĄ‫ޞ‬Ч఍ந௡јཻ෬хॡมഇ႕. ̝ព඾ͪ໤ซҖਫ਼ᕩ̝តளᇴ̶‫ژ‬Ą༊ y^ = b0. ‫ޢ‬Ăொཉ 25ƨ ‫ؠ‬໢˭Ă૟‫˘̚׎‬၆ᅬăฯཻ. + b1x + b2x2 ॡĂy^ ౵̂ࣃ̝Ր‫ڱ‬Ăܼͽ x =. ͔ˢ 21Ű12 cm ̝ࠟሬඌĂЧ఍ந௡Տ͟т. - b1/2b2 ΃ ˢ ݈ ี ̳ ё Ր ଀ (Neter and. ˯ีֻٙࢗᑕ৷ཻᄘᄃ 1 ঀ̰ѣ 40Ƃ50 ੸. Wasserman, 1974)Ą. ள֎࿏ཻ̝̈෬хᄃயӉአ༼ਕ˧. 11.

(4) ๖! ! ‫ݎ‬ ΙȃճྣອԆြဵᄇဵ෈ี‫ى‬Ϟኇ៪ ௐ˘͟᛬ཻུд 8 ٕ 10ƨ ෬хॡ̝Ҁ ̼தᄃཻུ෬хഇЧӔព඾̝ۡቢٕ˟Ѩਫ਼ ᕩᙯܼ (ဦ˘)Ąཻུд 8ƨ གྷ෬х 1Ƃ4 ฉ ‫̝ޢ‬Ҁ̼த่̙Ӯព඾ྵ၆໰௡ࢫҲĂϺᄃཻ ུд 10ƨ གྷ෬х 1Ƃ4 ฉ‫ޢ‬Ч఍ந௡̝Ҁ ̼தӔព඾मளćҭཻུд 10ƨ གྷ෬х 1 Ƃ5 ฉ‫̝ޢ‬Ҁ̼த̪ჯ޺д 92.3Ƃ99.0%Ăᄃ ၆໰௡Ӯ൑ព඾मள (ܑ˘)ĄពϯಶҀ̼த҃ ֏Ăள֎࿏ཻ̈ௐ˘͟᛬ཻུ̝౵ዋ෬х୧І ࠎд 10ƨ ˭෬х 1Ƃ5 ฉĄ 10ƨ ˭ள֎࿏ཻ̰̈ӣ෬хॡมུ̝ഇ ᔵᐌཻུ෬хഇ̝‫҃ܜؼ‬ព඾ᆧΐĂ‫׌‬۰Ӕព ඾̝ۡቢਫ਼ᕩᙯܼ (ဦ˘)Ąҭཻུд 10ƨ ෬ хഇ̚ೀͼઃ႖൴ֈĂཻུགྷ 10ƨ ෬х 1 Ƃ8 ฉ‫ޢ‬ொҌ 25ƨ ˭ĂٙᅮҀ̼͟ᇴϏ֍ព ඾ഴ͌Ă่෬х 9 ฉ۰̝Ҁ̼͟ᇴᒺൺࠎ 3.8 ͟Ăᄃ၆໰௡Ӕព඾मள (ܑ˘)Ą ΠȃြဵອԆᄇ႐ωြჰ‫ڼ‬ȃҡ‫ى‬ΨЅमԫச к૖ΨϞኇ៪. ყΙ! ౴ُ႐ωြြဵင 8 ‫ ܖ‬10ʨ ອԆ 0 Ս 9 ໊ ࡣӵ 25ʨ ήϞՁϽ౥ᇄဵ෈Ȅ Fig. 1.! Percent emergence and length of the pupal stage (including storage duration) of Hemiptarsenus varicornis at 25ʨ after pupae had been stored at 8 or 10ʨ for 0 to 9 weeks. Regression lines drawn for relationships where p < 0.05.. ௐ˘͟᛬ཻུགྷ 10ƨ Ҳ໢෬х‫ޢ‬Ăд 25ƨ ‫ؠ‬໢ăՏֻ͟ᑕ 40Ƃ50 ੸૙͹ௐˬ᛬. ᅬཻ˘Ϡ࡭Ѫ૙͹ᓁᇴᄃ‫࡭ࢴפ‬Ѫ૙͹. ρᖪᄃ৷ཻᄘॡĂ‫׎‬јཻု‫׻‬ăཻٕ̄ᇴăٕ. ᇴ̈́૙Ϡ࡭Ѫ૙͹ᇴᄃ‫࡭ࢴפ‬Ѫ૙͹ᇴ̝ͧ. ̄΃ᅬّͧඈӮᄃཻུ෬хഇӔព඾̝˟Ѩ. ּăٕ૙Ϡ࡭Ѫ૙͹ᇴඈĂᄃཻུ෬хഇЧӔ. ਫ਼ᕩᙯܼĂᅬăฯཻု‫̝׻‬౵̂Ҥീࣃࠎཻུ. ព඾̝ۡቢăٕ˟Ѩਫ਼ᕩᙯܼ (ဦ˟)Ąཻུҽ. д 10ƨ ˭Чҽх 3.2 ᄃ 2.9 ฉ‫ ̝ޢ‬31.7. х 1Ƃ8 ฉ‫ޢ‬Ă่̙Ч఍ந௡ᅬཻ̝࡭Ѫ૙͹. ᄃ 22.5 ͟ (ဦ˟)Ąཻུҽх 3Ƃ4 ฉॡᅬă. ᓁᇴă૙Ϡ࡭Ѫ૙͹ᇴ̈́‫࡭ࢴפ‬Ѫ૙͹ᇴӮព. ฯཻု‫׻‬ᔵព඾ྵ၆໰௡‫ܜؼ‬ćҭཻུҽх 1. ඾ ྵ ၆ ໰ ௡ Ч ഴ ͌ 55.7 Ƃ 77.5% ă 50.5 Ƃ. Ƃ8 ฉ‫ཻ̝̄ޢ‬ᇴ‫ྵݒ‬၆໰௡ព඾ഴ͌ 44.1. 84.3% ̈́ 39.7Ƃ72.1%ĂТॡᅬཻ˘Ϡ૙Ϡ࡭. Ƃ84.3%ćᅬّͧ͞ࢬĂ่ཻུҽх 3 ᄃ 8 ฉ. Ѫ૙͹ᇴᄃ‫࡭ࢴפ‬Ѫ૙͹ᇴּ̝ͧϺព඾Ϥ. ۰‫ࣃ׎‬Чࢫࠎ 0.46 ᄃ 0.09Ăᄃ၆໰௡Ӕព. ၆໰௡̝ 0.73:1 ࢫࠎ 0.41Ƃ0.60:1 (ܑ˟)Ą. ඾मள (ܑ˟)Ą. 12. έ៉‫ٿ‬ᖪௐ˟˩̣‫ס‬ௐ˘ഇ.

(5) ߒΙ! ౴ُ႐ωြဵင 8 ᇄ 10ʨήອԆ 0 Ս 9 ໊ࡣӵ 25ʨήϞՁϽ౥ᇄဵ෈ Table 1.! Percent emergence and length of the pupal stage ( x ± SE) of Hemiptarsenus varicornis at 25ʨ after pupae had been stored at 8 and 10ʨ for 0 to 9 weeks Duration of storage (wk) 1. 1). Percent emergence 8ƨ 10ƨ 73.4 ± 2.2Bb. 1). Length of pupal stage at 10ƨ (d) Storage duration included Storage duration excluded. 98.7 ± 1.3Aa. 12.6 ± 0.1h. 5.6 ± 0.1a. 2. 71.2 ± 1.4Bb. 91.7 ± 4.4Aa. 19.2 ± 0.1g. 5.2 ± 0.1a. 3. 40.4 ± 2.5Bc. 99.0 ± 1.0Aa. 26.0 ± 0.4f. 5.2 ± 0.2a. 4. 35.9 ± 1.9Bc. 97.6 ± 2.4Aa. 32.3 ± 0.2e. 5.3 ± 0.2a. 5. -. 92.3 ± 1.9a. 40.3 ± 0.1d. 5.3 ± 0.1a. 6. -. 69.1 ± 4.7b. 47.0 ± 0.1c. 5.0 ± 0.1a. 8. -. 23.8 ± 11.4c. 61.2 ± 0.3b. 5.2 ± 0.3a. 9. -. 10.0 ± 6.9c. 66.8 ± 0.3a. 3.8 ± 0.3b. Control 96.0 ± 0.5Aa 96.0 ± 0.5Aa 5.2 ± 0.1i 5.2 ± 0.1a Means within each row followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different at p ŷ0.05 (t-test). Means within each column followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different at p ŷ 0.05 (LSD). Percentages of emergence were transformed to arcsine x prior to the ANOVA test.. ყΠ! ౴ُ႐ωြဵင 10ʨ ອԆ 0 Ս 8 ໊ࡣӵ 25ʨ ήԙᙫϞჰ‫ڼ‬ȃҡ‫ى‬ΨЅमԫசк૖ΨȄ Fig. 2.! Longevity, fertility, and host-killing capability of Hemiptarsenus varicornis adults at 25ʨ after pupae had been stored at 10ʨ for 0 to 8 weeks. Regression lines drawn for relationships where p < 0.05.. ள֎࿏ཻ̝̈෬хᄃயӉአ༼ਕ˧. 13.

(6) ߒΠ! ౴ُ႐ωြဵင 10ʨ ອԆ 0 Ս 8 ໊ࡣӵ 25ʨ ήԙြϞჰ‫ڼ‬ȃҡ‫ى‬ΨЅमԫசк૖Ψ Table 2.! Longevity, fertility, and host-killing capability ( x ± SE) of Hemiptarsenus varicornis adults at 25ʨ after pupae had been stored at 10ʨ for 0 to 8 weeks Duration n of storage (wk) 1 20 3 6 4 7 6 6 8 4 Control 11 1) Means within. Longevity (d). No. progeny produced/♀ No. hosts killed/♀ Proportion Parasitized Feeding Female Male Total of female (A) (B) 25 ± 1b1) 19 ± 1bc 72 ± 8bc 0.54 ± 0.04ab 85 ± 8bc 140 ± 11bc 225 ± 17b 36 ± 3a 22 ± 2ab 90 ± 9b 0.46 ± 0.04b 104 ± 10b 173 ± 13b 277 ± 19b 36 ± 2a 25 ± 2a 67 ± 15bc 0.55 ± 0.05ab 84 ± 17bcd 167 ± 21b 252 ± 30b 15 ± 1c 6 ± 2d 52 ± 5bc 0.57 ± 0.03ab 54 ± 5cd 135 ± 21bc 190 ± 25c 13 ± 2c 4 ± 3d 32 ± 9c 0.09 ± 0.07c 33 ± 8d 80 ± 17c 112 ± 23c 22 ± 2b 15 ± 1c 204 ± 22a 0.62 ± 0.02a 210 ± 19a 287 ± 21a 497 ± 38a each column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p ŷ 0.05. No. of adult emerged. έȃྣ࡙ᄇԙြອԆਢჰ‫ڼ‬ᇄԆࣀ౥Ϟኇ៪. A/B 0.59 ± 0.03b 0.60 ± 0.04b 0.51 ± 0.06bc 0.43 ± 0.05c 0.41 ± 0.06c 0.73 ± 0.04a (LSD).. ௐˬ᛬ρᖪᄃ৷ཻᄘॡĂ̙ኢள֎࿏ཻ̈അд. ள֎࿏ཻ̈д 15Ƃ30ƨ ‫ؠ‬໢ă่ͽ৷ཻ. 15 ٕ 25ƨ ˭෬хĂᅬཻု‫ཻٕ̄׻‬ᇴӮᄃ. ᄘᔼࢴॡĂᅬăฯཻု‫׻‬Ӯᐌ໢‫҃̿˯̝ޘ‬ᒺ. ᅬཻ෬хഇӔព඾̝ۡቢਫ਼ᕩᙯܼćҭ̄΃ᅬ. ൺĂ‫׌‬۰Ӕព඾̝ۡቢਫ਼ᕩᙯܼ (ဦˬ)Ąјཻ. ّͧ‫ݒ‬되ཻд 15ƨ (p = 0.1550) ٕ 25ƨ. Ч͟᛬х߿தϺᐌ෬хഇ̰໢‫ࢫ҃̿˯̝ޘ‬. (p = 0.4408) ˭̝෬хഇ൑ᙯ (ဦ̣)ĄЧ఍ந. ҲĂд 15ƨ ˭ᅬăฯཻЧ෬х 38 ᄃ 37 ͟. ௡ᅬཻု‫׻‬ᔵӮྵ၆໰௡ព඾‫ܜؼ‬ćҭཻ̄ᇴ. ‫̝ޢ‬х߿த̪੼྿ 80%ć҃ᅬăฯཻд 20ă. ͞ࢬĂ่ᅬཻд 15ƨ ˭෬х 10 ̝͟఍ந௡. 25 ̈́ 30ƨ ˭Ч෬х 18ă11Ƃ12 ̈́ 4Ƃ5. ᄃ၆໰௡൑ព඾मளĂҌ‫ٺ‬Ч఍ந௡̝̄΃ᅬ. ͟‫̝ޢ‬х߿தӈҲ‫ ٺ‬80% (ဦα)Ą. ّͧ‫צ̙݋‬ᅬཻ෬х̝ᇆᜩĂӮᄃ၆໰௡൑ព ඾मள (ܑˬ)Ą. ѲȃԙြອԆᄇ‫ڏ‬ჰ‫ڼ‬ȃҡ‫ى‬ΨЅमԫசк૖. ள֎࿏ཻ̈˘Ϡ̝࡭Ѫ૙͹ᓁᇴăٕ૙Ϡ. ΨϞኇ៪ д 25ƨ ‫ؠ‬໢ăՏֻ͟ᑕ 40Ƃ50 ੸૙͹. ࡭Ѫ૙͹ᇴăٕ૙Ϡ࡭Ѫ૙͹ᄃ‫࡭ࢴפ‬Ѫ૙͹ ּ̝ͧඈӮ되ཻд 15ƨ ˭̝෬хഇӔព. ყέ! ‫ټ‬ᔖြᇙਢ౴ُ႐ωြჰ‫ڼ‬ᇄྣ࡙Ϟᜰ߽Ȅ Fig. 3.! Relationship between temperature and longevity of Hemiptarsenus varicornis fed with honey. Regression lines drawn for relationships where p < 0.05.. 14. έ៉‫ٿ‬ᖪௐ˟˩̣‫ס‬ௐ˘ഇ.

(7) ᇴĂ‫݋‬Ӯᄃྍཻд 15ƨ (p = 0.1089) ٕ 25 ƨ (p = 0.3976) ˭̝෬хഇ൑ᙯ (ဦ̣)Ąព ϯள֎࿏ཻ̈ᅬཻ̙ኢд 15ƨ ˭෬х 10Ƃ 30 ٕ͟д 25ƨ ˭෬х 15 ͟Ă‫࡭׎‬Ѫ૙͹ ᓁᇴ̙‫צ‬ᅬཻ෬х̝ᇆᜩĂᄃ၆໰௡Ӯ൑ព඾ मளć૙Ϡ࡭Ѫ૙͹ᇴ͞ࢬĂЧ఍ந௡่̚д 15ƨ ˭෬х 10 ͟۰ᄃ၆໰௡൑ព඾मளć ‫࡭ࢴפ‬Ѫ૙͹ᇴ͞ࢬĂЧ఍ந௡Ӯ̙‫צ‬ᅬཻ෬ х̝ᇆᜩĂᄃ၆໰௡൑ព඾मளć૙Ϡ࡭Ѫ૙ ͹ᄃ‫࡭ࢴפ‬Ѫ૙͹ּ̝ͧ͞ࢬĂЧ఍ந௡่̚ д 25ƨ ˭෬х 10 ͟۰ᄃ၆໰௡൑ព඾म ள (ܑˬ)Ą ϤȃርြϞ౰֊ᇄ‫ॵڥ‬፡࿽૖Ψ Ϥဦ̱ٙϯĂள֎࿏ཻ̈ᅬཻ‫ࢴֻٺ‬৷ཻ ᄘགྷ̙Т࿣ᗓ૙͹ॡมᄃ‫׌‬჌໢‫ޘ‬෬х‫ޢ‬Ăд 25ƨ ˭̝Ч͟૙Ϡ‫ݭ‬ё̚Ăͽ 15ƨ ˭࿣ᗓ ૙͹ 10 ͇۰ᄃ 25ƨ ˭Ϗ࿣ᗓ૙͹̝၆໰ ௡ม౵ࠎ‫ܕ‬ҬĂ݈۰ֻᑕ૙͹‫ޢ‬༊͟Ξய˭ 1.2 ௕ӉĂͷҋௐˬ͟੓Տ͟ய˭ 6.4Ƃ14.0 ௕ӉĂჯ޺‫ ܕ‬20 ͇̝யӉ੼पഇć‫ޢ‬۰‫ܐ‬Ҁ ̼‫ֻޢ‬ᑕ૙͹༊͟Ξய˭ 3.5 ௕ӉĂͷҋௐ ˟͟੓Տ͟ய˭ 7.5Ƃ14.2 ௕ӉĂჯ޺ 18 ͇̝யӉ੼पഇĄҌ‫΁׎ٺ‬఍ந௡̝ฟؕயӉ ͟ഇăயӉ੼पഇ̝൴Ϡᄃ޺ᜈ͟ഇᔵᄃ၆໰ ௡ரТĂҭ‫ك‬ඈயӉ੼पഇม̝͟யӉ૙Ϡᇴ ‫ྵݒ‬၆໰௡ࢫҲĄពϯள֎࿏่ཻ̈ᔼࢴ৷ཻ ყѲ! ‫ټ‬ᔖြᇙਢ౴ُ႐ωြԙြРԆࣀ౥ᇄྣ࡙Ϟᜰ ߽Ȅ Fig. 4.! Relationship between temperature and daily survival rates of adult Hemiptarsenus varicornis fed with honey.. ᄘд 15ƨ ˭ᄃ૙͹࿣ᗓ 10 ͇ăٕд 15 ᄃ 25ƨ ˭ᄃ૙͹Ч࿣ᗓ 20Ƃ30 ᄃ 10Ƃ15 ͇ ‫ޢ‬Ăྍཻࡶ࿃૙͹̪Ξ൴೭‫׎‬Бొٕ 56.4Ƃ 68.6% ̝૙Ϡਕ˧Ăҭࡶᅬཻд 15ƨ ˭ᄃ૙ ͹࿣ᗓ‫ܜ‬྿ 40 ͇۰Ă˘ό࿃૙͹‫׎‬૙Ϡਕ˧. ඾̝ۡቢਫ਼ᕩᙯܼ (ဦ̣)ćҭᅬཻд 25ƨ ˭. ่౺ 26.0% (ܑˬ)Ą. ෬хॡĂ‫ี׌ޢ‬ᔵ̪ᄃ෬хഇЧӔព඾̝ۡቢ. ள֎࿏ཻ̈ᅬཻ‫ࢴֻٺ‬৷ཻᄘགྷ̙Т࿣. ਫ਼ ᕩ ᙯ ܼ Ă ҭ ݈ ี ‫ ݒ‬ᄃ ෬ х ഇ ൑ ᙯ (p =. ᗓ૙͹ॡมᄃ‫׌‬჌໢‫ޘ‬෬х‫ޢ‬ĂЧ఍ந௡ᅬཻ. 0.0559) (ဦ̣)ĄҌ‫ٺ‬ᅬཻ˘Ϡ‫࡭ࢴפ‬Ѫ૙͹. ၆૙͹̝‫ࢴפ‬ᇴ̙ҭᄃ၆໰௡൑ព඾मள (ܑ. ள֎࿏ཻ̝̈෬хᄃயӉአ༼ਕ˧. 15.

(8) ყϤ! ౴ُ႐ωြርြငϚӣႤᚔசкਢ໢ᇄ‫ڍ‬ᆍྣ࡙ອԆࡣӵ 25ʨ ήϞჰ‫ڼ‬ȃҡ‫ى‬ΨЅमԫசк૖ΨȄ Fig. 5.! Longevity, fertility, and host-killing capability of female Hemiptarsenus varicornis at 25ʨ after females had been stored and isolated from the hosts for various durations at 2 temperature regimes. Regression lines drawn for relationships where p < 0.05.. 16. έ៉‫ٿ‬ᖪௐ˟˩̣‫ס‬ௐ˘ഇ.

(9) ߒέ! ౴ُ႐ωြርြငϚӣႤᚔசкਢ໢ᇄ‫ڍ‬ᆍྣ࡙ອԆࡣӵ 25ʨ ήϞჰ‫ڼ‬ȃҡ‫ى‬ΨЅमԫசк૖Ψ Table 3.! Longevity, fertility, and host-killing capability ( x ± SE) of female Hemiptarsenus varicornis at 25ʨ after females had been stored and isolated from the hosts for various durations at 2 temperature regimes Duration No. progeny produced/♀ Longevity n of storage No. of adult Proportion (d) (d) emerged of female 15ƨ 10 6 34 ± 2cd1) 186 ± 18ab 0.60 ± 0.02b 20 4 40 ± 2c 124 ± 25bc 0.70 ± 0.03a 30 4 50 ± 2b 115 ± 8cd 0.70 ± 0.04ab 40 5 62 ± 5a 53 ± 20d 0.64 ± 0.06ab 25ƨ 10 7 29 ± 1d 136 ± 9bc 0.66 ± 0.03ab 15 5 38 ± 1c 140 ± 18bc 0.63 ± 0.03ab Control 11 22 ± 2e 204 ± 22a 0.62 ± 0.02ab 1) Means within each column followed by the same letter are. 140 ± 10bc 237 ± 27b 377 ± 26cd 141 ± 19bc 274 ± 30ab 415 ± 17abc 210 ± 19a 287 ± 21ab 497 ± 38ab not significantly different at p ŷ 0.05. ˬ)ĂͷЧ఍ந௡д 25ƨ ˭̝ฟؕ‫ࢴפ‬૙͹. ෬х 6Ƃ8 ฉॡĂྍཻ၆૙͹̝࡭Ѫ˧่྿. ͟ഇă‫ࢴפ‬૙͹੼पഇ̝൴Ϡᄃ޺ᜈ͟ഇ̈́‫פ‬. 22.5Ƃ38.2%Ą. Parasitized (A) 190 ± 18ab 131 ± 24bc 119 ± 8cd 56 ± 21d. No. hosts killed/♀ Feeding Total (B) 355 ± 32a 263 ± 29ab 290 ± 6ab 218 ± 52b. 545 ± 43a 394 ± 36bcd 409 ± 8abcd 274 ± 67d. A/B 0.55 ± 0.05bc 0.53 ± 0.12bc 0.41 ± 0.03cd 0.27 ± 0.08d 0.65 ± 0.09ab 0.51 ± 0.04bc 0.73 ± 0.04a (LSD).. ࢴ૙͹੼पഇม̝͟‫ࢴפ‬૙͹ᇴඈ࠰ᄃ၆໰ ௡࠹‫( ܕ‬ဦ̱)Ą. Πȃ౴ُ႐ωြԙြϞອԆ ૙Ϡཻјཻ෬х̝୧Іᅮ҂ณࢴ‫ۏ‬ă໢. ଆ፣ᇄ๖፣. ‫ޘ‬ă۩ม̈́јཻ෬х‫̝ޢ‬Ϡֈ˧ᄃ࡭Ѫ૙͹ਕ ˧ඈĄϤώྏរඕ‫ۢ଀ڍ‬Ăಏಶု‫֏҃׻‬Ăј. Ιȃ౴ُ႐ωြြဵϞອԆ. ཻͽ৷ཻᄘᔼࢴॡĂд 15ƨ ˭ု‫׻‬౵‫ܜ‬Ąҭ. ૙Ϡཻཻུ෬х̝୧Іᅮ҂ณ໢‫ޘ‬ăུ. ࡶ҂ณјཻ෬х‫̝ޢ‬Ϡֈ˧ᄃ࡭Ѫ૙͹ਕ˧. ᛬ăҀ̼தă൴ֈ͟ᇴ̈́јཻ̝Ϡֈ˧ᄃ࡭Ѫ. ॡĂ൴னᅬཻд 15ƨ ˭෬х 10 ͟‫ޢ‬Ă݈ࢗ. ૙͹ਕ˧ඈĄϤώྏរඕ‫ۢ଀ڍ‬ĂಏಶҀ̼த. ‫ี׌‬পّԆБ̙‫צ‬Ҳ໢෬хᇆᜩć҃ᅬཻд. ҃֏Ăள֎࿏ཻ̈ௐ˘͟᛬ཻུ౵ዋ෬х̝໢. 15ƨ ˭෬х 20Ƃ30 ٕ͟ 25ƨ ˭෬х 10. ‫ޘ‬ᄃഇࢨࠎ 10ƨ ˭෬х 1Ƃ5 ฉĂͷдѩ෬. Ƃ15 ͟‫ޢ‬Ă‫׻ု׎‬ă̄΃ᅬّͧ̈́࡭Ѫ૙͹. хഇུ̚ઃ႖൴ֈĄҌ‫ٺ‬Ҁ̼‫ޢ‬јཻ̝Ϡֈ˧. ᓁᇴᔵ̙‫צ‬෬х໢‫ޘ‬ᄃॡม̝ᇆᜩĂҭ‫ཻ̄׎‬. ᄃ࡭Ѫ૙͹ਕ˧Ă‫݋‬ពϯᅬăฯཻု‫׻‬ᄃ̄΃. ᇴ‫ྵݒ‬၆໰௡Чഴ͌ 39.2Ƃ43.6% ᄃ 31.4. ᅬّͧᔵ̙‫ཻུצ‬Ҳ໢෬х 1Ƃ 4 ฉ̝ᇆ. Ƃ33.3%ĄЯ҃ଯኢĂ༊ᓄതள֎࿏ཻ̈ॡĂ. ᜩĂҭ‫࡭׎‬Ѫ૙͹ᓁᇴᄃཻ̄ᇴ‫׎צݒ‬ᇆᜩĂ. Яᜪ̈́‫ཻ̝̄׎‬ᇴณĂٙͽᅬཻ౵ዋ̝෬х୧. ྵ ၆ ໰ ௡ Ч ഴ ͌ 44.3 Ƃ 54.7% ᄃ 55.9 Ƃ. Іࠎдֻࢴ৷ཻᄘଐ‫ڶ‬Ă‫ ٺ‬15ƨ ˭෬х 10. 67.2%ĄЯ҃ಶ૙Ϡཻ̝ᓄത҃֏Ăள֎࿏̈. ͟ć‫׎‬Ѩࠎд 15ƨ ˭෬х 20Ƃ30 ٕ͟д. ཻௐ˘͟᛬ཻུ̙֭ዋ‫آ‬෬хĂҭͽϠ‫ۏ‬ᘽ጗. 25 ƨ ˭ ෬ х 10 Ƃ 15 ͟ Ą ҭ ͽ Ϡ ‫ ۏ‬ᘽ ጗. ԛၗϣมᛖ‫ٸ‬ᑕϡॡĂྍཻུ̝෬х୧І‫إ‬Ξ. (bioinsecticide) ̝ ԛ ၗ ᛖ ‫ ཻ ྍ ٸ‬ϣ ม ᑕ ϡ. ࢎࠎд 10ƨ ˭෬х 1Ƃ4 ฉĂҭд 10ƨ ˭. ॡĂЯࡇᅮ҂ณ૙Ϡཻ၆૙͹̝࡭Ѫਕ˧ĂЯ. ள֎࿏ཻ̝̈෬хᄃயӉአ༼ਕ˧. 17.

(10) ყϲ! ငϚӣႤᚔசкਢ໢ᇄྣ࡙೎౩ࡣ౴ُ႐ωြϞР౰֊ᇄ‫ॵڥ‬சк࠮ԒȄ Fig. 6.! Daily oviposition and host-feeding patterns of female Hemiptarsenus varicornis after females had been stored and isolated from the hosts for various durations at 2 temperature regimes.. ѩᅬཻ౵ዋ̝෬х୧ІΞ‫ٸ‬ᆵࠎд 15ƨ ˭. ᔣ̝˘Ąಶώྏរඕ‫ۢ଀ڍ‬Ă࠹ྵள֎࿏ཻ̈. ෬х 20Ƃ30 ٕ͟д 25ƨ ˭෬х 10Ƃ15. ཻུᄃјཻ෬х‫ޢ‬၆‫׎‬Ϡֈ˧ᄃ࡭Ѫ૙͹ਕ. ͟ĂࠤҌд 15ƨ ˭෬х 40 ͟ॡĂྍཻ၆૙. ˧̝ᇆᜩĂ‫ޙ‬ᛉள֎࿏ཻ̈ᓄതॡĂ‫׎‬෬х̝. ͹̝࡭Ѫਕ˧̪྿ 55.1%Ą. ౵ዋᖪഇᄃ୧Іࠎјཻд 15ƨ ˭ᔼࢴ৷ཻ ᄘ෬х 10 ͟Ă‫׎‬Ѩࠎјཻд 15 ٕ 25ƨ ˭. έȃ౴ُ႐ωြອԆϞᎌ࿋ᙫ෈ᇄనӇ. ᔼࢴ৷ཻᄘЧ෬х 20Ƃ30 ٕ 10Ƃ15 ͟Ă. ซҖचᖪϠ‫ڼ֨ۏ‬ॡĂࠎ੨Ъचᖪ̝൴. Г Ѩ ࠎ ௐ ˘ ͟ ᛬ ུ д 10 ƨ ˭ ෬ х 1 Ƃ 4. ϠĂ૱ᅮ෬х͇ᇲͽ౯ዋॡᛖ‫ٸ‬Ăтѩ͇ᇲ̝. ฉĄள֎࿏ཻ̈ͽϠ‫ۏ‬ᘽ጗͞ёϣมᛖ‫ٸ‬ॡĂ. ෬хᖪഇᄃ୧ІӈࠎचᖪϠ‫ڼ֨ۏ‬јୀ۞ᙯ. ‫׎‬෬х̝౵ዋᖪഇᄃ୧Іࠎᅬཻд 15 ٕ 25. 18. έ៉‫ٿ‬ᖪௐ˟˩̣‫ס‬ௐ˘ഇ.

(11) ƨ ˭ᔼࢴ৷ཻᄘ෬х 10Ƃ30 ٕ 10Ƃ15. யӉአ༼ॡࢨ̈́дϣมֻᑕ૙Ϡཻ̝ᄘ໚ͽ. ͟Ă‫׎‬Ѩࠎᅬཻд 15ƨ ˭ᔼࢴ৷ཻᄘ෬х. ‫ܜؼ‬૙Ϡཻ̝ု‫׻‬Ą. 40 ٕ͟ௐ˘͟᛬ུд 10ƨ ˭෬х 1Ƃ4 ฉĄ Ѳȃ౴ُ႐ωြϞ౰֊፡࿽ᇄ߳‫ى‬. ᇬ! ! ᗂ ώ ࡁ տ ٚ Җ ߆ ੰ ྺ ຽ ؎ ࣶ ົ 83 ࡊ ԫ. ૙ϠཻӉ̝ԛј͞ёĂPrice (1974) ᄮࠎ. -1.3 -ᖏ-24 (13) ࢍ൪ྃӄొ̶གྷ෱Ăྏរഇ. Ξ̶ࠎࣧ‫ؠ‬ёயӉ (proovigenic) ᄃᑕតё. มٚՂָᐖ̈ؓ‫ם‬ӄ࿶ᖪĂᖰѩ˘‫࡭׀‬ᔁĄ. யӉ (synovigenic) ‫ݭ׌‬Ąࣧ‫ؠ‬ёயӉ۰ᅬཻ ု‫׻‬ൺăயӉഇൺă͟யӉᇴត̼̂ă൑‫ࢴפ‬. ЕҢМᝦ. ૙͹௫ّăଵӉҋ൴ّă૟Ӊ෬х‫ٺ‬෬Ӊට̰ ҃አ༼யӉćᑕតёயӉ۰ᅬཻု‫ܜ׻‬ăயӉ. Bell, W. J., and M. K. Bohm. 1975.. ഇ‫ܜ‬ă͟யӉᇴֶ຋Ӊგᇴ҃ࡗࠎ‫ؠ׽‬ăᅬཻ. Oosorption insects. Biol. Rev. 50: 373-. ᖣ‫ࢴפ‬૙͹̝͞ёᒔ଀ᒉዳֻ֭јሢӉ̝޺. 396.. ᜈԛјăଵӉ‫צ‬γࠧЯ̄ᇆᜩ‫ܧ‬ҋ൴ّăͽӉ. Boucek, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea. ӛќ (oosorption) ͞ёአ༼யӉॡ፟ĄBell. (Hymenoptera). C.A.B. International,. and Bohm (1975) Ϻᄮࠎଳ‫פ‬ᑕតёயӉᓄ. London. 832 pp.. തඉர̝૙ϠཻĂд̙ዋᓄࢉᒖဩ˭૱ͽӉӛ. Chien, C. C., S. C. Chang, and S. C. Ku.. ќ̝͞ёአ༼யӉॡ፟Ăଂ҃ܲхϠതྤ໚֭. 2004. Influence of temperature on both. ᒔ଀ᄃ૙Ϡϡዋ᛬૙͹Тॡ൴Ϡ̝Т‫ّޠ‬. population increase and host-killing. (synchronism)Ąள֎࿏ֶཻ̈Ϡ‫׎ّۏ‬Ӊԛ. capability of Hemiptarsenus varicornis. ј ̝ ͞ ё ᛳ ᑕ ត ё ய Ӊ (Chien and Ku,. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Formosan. 2001b; Chien et al., 2004)ĂώྏរᔵϏଣտ. Entomol. 24: 91-105 (in Chinese).. ྍཻд࿣ᗓ૙͹‫ߏޢ‬ӎѣӉӛќன෪Ăҭࡁտ. Chien, C. C., and S. C. Ku. 1996.. ඕ‫ڍ‬ពϯᅬ่ཻᔼࢴ৷ཻᄘд 15ƨ ‫ؠ‬໢˭. Morphology, life history and repro-. ࿣ᗓ૙͹ 10 ͇̪Ξჯ޺‫ֽࣧ׎‬Ϗགྷ෬х̝. ductive ability of Liriomyza trifolii. J.. Ϡത˧Ă҃д 15 ᄃ 25ƨ ‫ؠ‬໢˭Ă‫׎‬யӉአ. Agric.. ༼ഇᔵΞЧ‫ ܜؼ‬20Ƃ30 ᄃ 10Ƃ15 ͇Ăҭ. Chinese).. Res.. China. 45:. 69-88. (in. ‫׎‬૙Ϡਕ˧‫ ࠎࢫ಼̂ݒ‬56.4Ƃ68.6%ĂࠤҌд. Chien, C. C., and S. C. Ku. 1998. The. 15ƨ ˭யӉአ༼ഇ‫ܜ‬྿ 40 ͇۰Ă‫׎‬૙Ϡਕ. occurrence of Liriomyza trifolii and its. ˧่౺ 26.0%ĄϤѩ଀ۢள֎࿏ཻ̈༊കٙᒖ. parasitoids. ဩ̙ᘦ‫׎ֹ࡭ؠ‬ᄃ૙͹Т‫ّޠ‬ዎ‫צ‬৔ᗼॡĂ‫׎‬. jamesonii. Chinese J. Entomol. 18:. ዋᑕّѣࢨĂࠎ൴೭ள֎࿏ཻ̈၆‫߷ܧ‬ළ೹ሕ. 187-197 (in Chinese).. on. fields. of. Gerbera. ᙀ̝Ժ‫ט‬ड़‫ڍ‬Ă‫ޙ‬ᛉϣม֨‫߷ܧڼ‬ළ೹ሕᙀॡ. Chien, C. C., and S. C. Ku. 2001a. Instar. ੵຕᏴ၆૙Ϡཻ൑߲ٕҲ߲̝Ᏼፄّᘽ጗. preference of five species of parasi-. γĂ‫إ‬ᑕ‫ڦ‬ຍᘽ጗̝ണड़ഇᔖҺ෹࿅૙Ϡཻ̝. toids of Liriomyza trifolii (Hymenop-. ள֎࿏ཻ̝̈෬хᄃயӉአ༼ਕ˧. 19.

(12) tera: Eulophidae, Braconidae). For-. Lin, F. C., and C. L. Wang. 1992. The. mosan Entomol. 21: 89-97 (in Chinese).. occurrence of parasitoids of Liriomyza. Chien, C. C., and S. C. Ku. 2001b. Appear-. trifolii (Burgess) in Taiwan. Chinese J.. ance and life history of Hemiptarsenus. Entomol. 12: 247-257 (in Chinese).. varicornis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).. Minkenberg, O. P. J. M., and J. C. van. Formosan Entomol. 21: 247-255 (in. Lenteren. 1986. The leafminers Lirio-. Chinese).. myza bryoniae and L. trifolii (Diptera:. Chien, C. C., and S. C. Ku. 2002. Intras-. Agromyzidae), their parasites and host. pecific competition of two species of. plants: a review. Agric. Univ. Wage-. parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). ningen Papers. 86-2. 50 pp.. of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae).. Formosan. Entomol.. 22:. 279-290 (in Chinese).. Murphy, S. T., and J. LaSalle. 1999. Balancing biological control strategies in the IPM of New World inva-. Del, B. G. 1989. Natural enemies of. sive Liriomyza leafminers in field. Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), Chroma-. vegetable crops. Biocontrol News Info.. tomyia horticola (Goureau) and Chroma-. 20: 91-104.. tomyia syngenesiae Hardy (Diptera:. Neter, J., and W. Wasserman. 1974.. Agromyzidae) in Tuscany. Redia 72:. Applied linear statistical models. Vol.. 529-544.. I. Regression. pp. 291-292. Richard D.. Kerrich, G. J. 1968. Systematic studies on Eulophid. parasites. (Hymenoptera:. Chalcidoidea), mostly of coffee leafminers in Africa. Bull. Entomol. Res. 59: 195-228.. Irwin, London. 842 pp. Price, P. W. 1974. Strategies for egg production. Evolution 28: 76-84. Zeng, L., W. Zhang, and J. Wu. 1999. Preliminary studies on the parasi-. Lee, H. S. 1990. Differences in injury of. toids of Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard). Liriomyza bryoniae (Kalt) on crops and. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Guangdong.. the influence of host plants to the. Nat. Enemies Insects 21(3): 113-116.. parasitoids. Chinese J. Entomol. 10: 409-418 (in Chinese).. ԝӇР෈Ȉ2004 ԑ 12 Т 4 Р ௥‫ڧ‬Р෈Ȉ2005 ԑ 3 Т 15 Р. 20. έ៉‫ٿ‬ᖪௐ˟˩̣‫ס‬ௐ˘ഇ.

(13) Study of the Storage and Oviposition-Regulating Capability of Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Ching-Chin Chien*, Shiu-Chih Ku, and Shu-Chen Chang Department of Applied Zoology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, R.O.C.. ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the suitable life stages and conditions for storage of the wasp, Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault). The wasp’s ovipositionregulating capability after storage was also determined. Results showed that there was a significant difference in the percent emergence between 1-day-old pupae stored at 8℃ for 1-2 weeks (% emergence = 71.2-73.4%) and the control (% emergence = 96%). However, the percent emergence did not decrease if the 1-day-old pupae were stored at 10℃ for 1-5 weeks. Emerged from the pupae previously stored at 10℃ for 1-4 weeks, and followed by rearing at 25℃ with honey and host (Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)), the wasps were not affected by the storage conditions in their adult longevity in both sexes and offspring sex ratio. However, the wasp’s host-killing capability and offspring production decreased by 44.3-54.7% and 55.9-69.2%, respectively, compared to those of the control. Adults were fed only with honey at between 15 and 30℃ for various time periods for the study of storage conditions. It was found that mean adult longevity was the highest under the 15℃ storage conditions with the female and male longevity of 44.7 and 42.3 days, respectively. In addition, the survival rate still reached 80% after the female and male had been stored for 38 and 37 days, respectively. After the end of the storage periods, wasps were kept at 25 ℃ with both honey and hosts to evaluate their capability of host-killing and offspring production. The results revealed that the host-killing capability and fertility of the wasps were not influenced after the adults had been stored at 15 ℃ for 10 days. Although adult longevity, host-killing capability, and female progeny proportion were not affected, the total offspring production decreased significantly after adult wasps had been stored at 15℃ for 20-30 days or 25℃ for 10-15 days. Maintaining a high fertility of the wasp is essential to rearing H. varicornis for mass production. For this purpose, suitable conditions to store the colony according to priority are (1) female wasps at 15℃ for 10 days, (2) female wasps at 15℃ for 20-30 days or 25℃ for 10-15 days and (3) 1-day-old pupae at 10℃ for 1-4 weeks. With the field release of H. varicornis as a bioinsecticide, the primary concern is the host-killing capability of the wasp. As such, the storage conditions can be less restrictive as (1) female wasps at 15 ℃ for 10-30 days or 25℃ for 10-15 days, and (2) female wasps at 15℃ for 40 days or 1-day-old pupae at 10℃ for 1-4 weeks. Female wasp has an ability to self-regulate oviposition in response to different storage conditions. Under the storage conditions at 15℃ for 10 days, female H. varicornis shows a comparable daily oviposition pattern to that of the control. Although the oviposition schedules and the occurrence and persistence of the peak oviposition period were similar to the control under other storage conditions, the number of daily eggs laid by the wasp at its peak oviposition period was lower than that of the control. Key words: Hemiptarsenus varicornis, Liriomyza trifolii, storage, host-killing capability, oviposition-regulating capability ள֎࿏ཻ̝̈෬хᄃயӉአ༼ਕ˧. 21.

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