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ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ̼͛ඉர

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ̼͛ඉர ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ̼͛ඉர ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ̼͛ඉர! !!!

ҹఆකąϘ২ ӄநି଱

Ҙ૜Ҙॲ̂ጯ

Email: [email protected]

ၡࢋ

ၡࢋ ၡࢋ

ၡࢋ! !! !

ώ͛ўдᖎࢗᘹఙିֈ۞Чีෛᛇ̼͛ඉரĂΒӣநኢᄃ၁ኹᆸࢬĄдந ኢ͞ࢬĂඊ۰ಶ࣎ˠ၆ෛᛇ̼͛۞நྋ೩΍௚ፋّ࠻ڱĂΒ߁ன΃ۤົ࿅ഭҌ ޢன΃ۤົ۞࿅඀̚ĂтңያܕĞᔙШğෛᛇ̼͛ࡁտ۞ᅮՐĂͽ̈́тңଂந ኢ៍ᕇᒢྋෛᛇ̼͛Ąଂன΃ۤົᖼݭҌޢன΃ۤົ۞࿅඀྆ĂĶᘹఙķ۞ؠ ཌྷ޺ᜈᕖ·Ăৼˢ˞̂ிƝ߹Җ̼͛ć߹Җ̼͛˵జৼˢĂјࠎ̼͛ࡁտෞኢ

۞ࢦࢋಞાć͟ৈ೼̈́۞ಫវᄃ็ᇫćĶ࡚ጯķ˘ෟ۞ᕖ·Ă่̙Βӣ౅࿅ந

ّ͕ം౜Ҽ۞ĶՀჟቜ۞ຏءķĂᔘᕖ̈́൑ٲ൑Ձ۞֗វຏᛇć֭ͷ࠹၆ٺன

΃͹ཌྷ࡚ጯૻአ۞થݡϠயĂ҃ͅૻአથݡ۞ঐ෱ͽ̈́၆થݡᇒ୕۞ᄦౄĄٙ

ѣ۞ᖼតు႙ౄಶ˞̫͟Б஧ྤώ͹ཌྷۤົ۞လѐරপኳĂͽ࡚ጯԣຏਜ਼ೊˠ

͕ĂТॡ౅࿅൑̙ٙд۞ಫវ็ᇫ̍׍Ă็ᅍЧ჌ຍᙊԛၗĄෛᛇ̼͛ࡁտ۞

͹ࢋΑਕĂдٺኬਕ̟ĞԷႊ៍ካ۰۞ğጯϠĂିጱጯϠ෹௲࡚ጯԣຏ۞෍઄

ܑ෪Ă೬ᜨ࠹ᙯෛᛇ̼͛ྶវٙ็ᇫ۞ౘჺຍᙊԛၗĄ

дଣ৶ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ̼͛நኢ̝ޢĂඊ۰૟೩΍ೀีෛᛇ̼͛ඉர۞၁ ኹቑּĂΒ߁̂ጯొᖚ݈ିरᘹఙିֈኝ඀ͽ̈́ k-12 ۞࡚ఙኝĄд఺ֱቑּ

྆Ăඊ۰ீ̚۞ෛᛇ̼͛ࡁտĂ˜ߏ˘჌ኬਕٺᘹఙିֈ̍ү۰ăጯϠᘹఙछĂ

̈́׎ᘹఙݡ៍ி۞͞ёĂፂѩ੫၆ঐ෱͹ཌྷ೩΍ᄮّۢԲҿćТॡĂ˵ᖣѩ౅

ෛෛᛇ̼͛யۏϡͽӛ͔ঐ෱ᇒ୕Ą

ᜰᗤຠȈຜឈМϽȃოԑ๼ȃछᏰȃ៧᠌ȃཎᜋלᄘ

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

̼ඉர

ᘹఙؠཌྷ۞ᕖ̂ ᘹఙؠཌྷ۞ᕖ̂ ᘹఙؠཌྷ۞ᕖ̂ ᘹఙؠཌྷ۞ᕖ̂

Sturken ᄃ Cartwright (2001) ᄮࠎĂд̫͟ޢன΃̼͛༊̚ĂჟቜƝ఼

ܸᘹఙ̼͛۞̶ᅫຽ̏ĶሀቘķĂЯࠎĶჟቜᘹఙᄃ߹Җ̼͛۞मள̏གྷዚᄞķ

(p. 50)ĄDuncum (2014) ̙ኘтңડ̶ฮܸ̼͛Ă҃ߏ೩΍ధк͞ڱĂ૟ޢ

ன΃ᘹఙෛࠎ߹Җ̼͛۞˘ొ̶ĄWalker ᄃ Chaplin (1997) ކჍĂĶధкந ኢछᄮࠎᘹఙ۞࡚ጯᆸࢬಶߏι׍ѣ୻຾ࠧؠ۞পҒĂЯࠎι࢑యડ̶ᘹఙݡ

׶ܧᘹఙݡĂͽ̈́̂ி̼̝͛ม۞̙Тķ(p. 153)Ąࠎ˞ͅᅺ఺࣎࠻ڱĂ΁ࣇ

޽΍ĂĶ࡚ጯপኳ˵хдٺ఼૱̙జᕩᙷࠎᘹఙ۞ಫវ༊̚—ּтĂᇃӘăన

ࢍᄃ࿪ෛ༼ϫķ(p. 153)Ą

Chapman (2003) ૻአᘹఙᄃ߹Җ̼̝͛ม۞ĶሀቘķࠧቢĂ֭૟̂ிᘹ

ఙৼˢᘹఙቑᘞ̰ĂЯࠎιࣇߏĶՀ็௚۞ᘹఙԛё۞ޢ΃ķĂιࣇ۞౹ү۰

ౌצ࿅ᘹఙछ੊ቚĂ֭ͷֹϡϒఢ۞ԫμᄃ྅ཉ (p. 231)Ąдෛᛇ̼͛఺౤̂

౳˭ĂChapman ૟̂ிᘹఙؠཌྷࠎдঐ෱۰͹ጱăЋຽͽ࠳Ӏࠎϫ۞۞གྷᑻ វ̰Ă౅࿅̂ณϠய׶̂ณ߹఼͞ёĂ౹ౄ۞Ķᇆညă̍ᘹݡăᒖဩᄃְІķĄ ιࣇߏ߹Җ̼̝͛̚ĂȈ̶೼̈́۞˘ొ̶Ąซˢ˟Ȉ˘͵ࡔޢĂధкጯ۰Ğּ

т Carpenter & Tavin, 2010: Duncum, 2001, 2009; Freedman 2000, 2001;

Tavin, 2000, 2003) ౌ૟ᘹఙᄃ߹Җ̼͛఺׌̂ᆸࢬ˘ᆅৼˢෛᛇ̼̝͛̚Ą

ЯѩĂᘹఙିֈ̍ү۰ฟؕᄮᙊזĂᘹఙିֈኝ඀۞ቑᘞ̏གྷᕖ̂Ă׎̚

உᄏ۞่̙ߏ࿅Ν፾ጽ૞ಞ۞࡚ఙĂᔘѣϤ߹Җෛᛇ̼̮͛৵௡ј۞ˠ̍ᄦ ݡĄ

̼͛ࡁտ༊̚۞߹Җ̼͛

̼͛ࡁտ༊̚۞߹Җ̼͛

̼͛ࡁտ༊̚۞߹Җ̼͛

̼͛ࡁտ༊̚۞߹Җ̼͛

Sturken ᄃ Cartwright (2001) ᄮࠎĂĶтڍ̶̙ژЧ჌ฮܸ̼͛ԛёĂ

݋൑ڱৌϒᒢྋ̼͛ຍஉķ (p. 50) ĄDuncum (1987) ޽΍Ă̂ி۞͟૱Ϡ

߿ă߹Җ̼͛Ăវன˞઼࡚̼͛Ă˵ͅߍ׎ၗޘᄃᙯᘃࢦ͕Ą΁ซ˘ՎᛚࢗĂ ҋϤк̮͹ཌྷ׶Αਕ͹ཌྷౌߏ઼࡚߹Җ̼͛ࡁտ۞ૄᖂĄд࣍ጱк̮ᆊࣃ۞࡚

઼ۤົ྆Ă̂छٙࢦෛ۞ߏĶ̙Тݡקͪ໤ă̙Т៍ி׶ঐ෱۰ٙᒔ଀۞ڇચķ

(p. 3)ĄDuncum (1987) ૻአ߹Җ̼͛ࡁտĶ႕֖ᅮՐķ۞ΑਕّώኳĂ֭ͷ

޽΍Ă߹Җ̼͛۞Ϡயϫ۞дٺ႕֖Ķஎᆸ۞ώਕ׶ƝٕۤົΑਕķ(p.103)Ą тѩ˘ֽĂତᛈෛᛇ̼͛ٙ૲ֽ۞р఍ٕ೚ॆ—ᅮՐ۞႕֖—ҋ൒జГˬૻአ

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

ᑕྍڦຍ۞ߏĶෞᆊ۞೼࿆৿यķĂͽ̈́ĶຍᙊԛၗԲҿ۞;̝ᗒтķ(Duncum, ̼ඉர

1987, p. 2)ĄDuncum (1987) ͹ૺĂࡻ઼۞̼͛ࡁտඉரĂྵਕѣ˧г೬ᜨ΍

ྤώ͹ཌྷۤົ̰ొᜦᝋĂ౅࿅߹Җෛᛇ̼͛ಞાٙ็ᅍ׶ૻ̼۞ሕдᆊࣃĄ

̼͛ࡁտ۞၆෪ߏĶͽ෪ᇈΑਕࠎ͹۞ٙѣүݡķĂ఺ֱүݡޙၹ˞ۤົ

৩ԔĂ֭ͷĶࠎۤົ̝̚௡ᖐᄃ၁ኹ۞͹߹ຍཌྷ̈́ᆊࣃ៍Ă೩ֻะ̚൴ᓏ۞፟

ົķ(p. 6)ĄDuncum (1987) ྋᛖĂ΃ܑצᑅ࢝۞˘͞Ăଳפ̒࿰ҖજĂߏࡻ

઼̼͛ࡁտ۞ૄώჟৠĄ఺ֱ̼͛ࡁտநኢछૻአĂிˠӮᑕᄮ୻۞ְ၁ߏĂ ೠᝋ۞ङטล৺ࠎҋ̎׶ٙѣଂᛳล৺Ăᑢؠ΍Ķன၁༊̚ЧёЧᇹΞజତצ

۞ؠཌྷķĂۡז఺ֱؠཌྷĶ·̶೼̈́Ă௣૟јࠎଂᛳล৺౵͹ࢋ۞ĺ͟૱Ļன ၁ķ(p. 5)Ą఺˵ಶߏٙᏜ۞ᜦᝋĄѩ఍۞ᜦᝋΞͽநྋࠎ͹߹ဥវ౅࿅೸Ҷ ຍᙊԛၗĂ၆׎΁ˠ߉ΐଠטᄃᇆᜩĂ¹ўдֹˠѣຍᙊ׶Ɲٕ൑ຍᙊгТຍ

఺჌͹ጱّ (Balibar, 1996; Kincheloe & McLaren, 2000; Williams, 1977)Ąд ዎזᜦᝋಷˢ۞Ϡ߿ன၁྆Ă࢑య͚੨۞ຍᙊԛၗ̏ҋ൒זᙱͽ၅ᛇĂ֭ଂצ ᑅ࢝۞˘͞఍జજгĶפ଀ТຍķĂӈܮ఺̙֭௑Ъצᑅ࢝˘͞۞ҋ֗౵̂Ӏ

ৈ (Duncum, 1987, p. 5)Ąಶ఺ᇹĂд൑ˠٯԩ۞ଐڶ˭âГኑᄦ࠹Т۞ᑅ

࢝ĄЯѩĂд՟ѣႷཌྷ۞ଐڶ˭Ăຍᙊԛၗ଀ͽซҖТ̼Ă֭јࠎ˘჌ᙷҬ੺

ҹޥٙᏜĶ෍઄ຍᙊķ۞ޙၹ!(Williams, 1976, p. 127)Ą

ॲፂ఺ֱநኢ۞ଣ੅ᄃϹዡĂԧࣇ൴னĂຐࢋᒢྋˠ̍ᄦݡ߹఼۞ࡦഀᄃ

̼͛Ăυืᆶෛෛᛇ̼͛யݡ౅࿅߹Җ̼͛ྶវٙ็ᇫ۞ຍᙊԛၗᜦᝋĄෛᛇ

̼͛ࡁտྏဦ೬ᜨপؠ̼̰͛۞ᑅ࢝͞ᄃצᑅ࢝͞Ăᗃ୻׌۰۞मளĂͽࣹ̈́

ֱຍᙊԛၗᒔ଀޺ᜈଯᇃĂᖣͽૻ๕ჯ޺ߊ଀Ӏৈˠ̀۞ᐹ෸ҜཉĂ֭எגг

ౄಶ˞гҜ۞̙πඈĄ࣐ࡶ̙၆ෛᛇ̼͛ྶវ೩΍ኳႷĂ࠹ᙯ۞ᜦᝋୃְــ

ົᘢ஄࿅ᙯĂीीႣ౅Ҍ̂ி͕ី̝̚Ăјࠎͦ૶ཉႷ۞ৌநĄ

ಫវᕖ೸ᄃຍᙊԛၗ೸ᇫ ಫវᕖ೸ᄃຍᙊԛၗ೸ᇫ ಫវᕖ೸ᄃຍᙊԛၗ೸ᇫ ಫវᕖ೸ᄃຍᙊԛၗ೸ᇫ

఺჌ͦ૶ཉႷ۞జજᐵధĂ఺჌ຍᙊԛၗᜦᝋ۞ҋ൒̼Ăϒߏෛᛇ̼͛ࡁ տ۞ᙯڦࢦᕇĂ˵ߏࡻ઼̼͛ࡁտ۞ૄώჟৠĄSturken ᄃ Cartwright (2001) ᄮࠎĂຍᙊԛၗߏĶֹܳপؠᆊࣃ៍Čјࠎ࠻Ҭҋ൒۞ăυ౯۞Ă͟૱Ϡ߿ј

̶۞߱͘ķ(p. 21)ĄᇃӘᄃঐ෱̼͛ᇆညౌߏຍᙊԛၗ۞็ᇫԛёĂᖣѩĂĶԧ

1 ώ͛૟ຍᙊݭၗநྋࠎଯજ࣎ˠ۞ޥຐăྚᛖĂͽ̈́ᄃ͵ࠧ۞̢જ۞൑ຍᙊăѣຍᙊ۞ܫЈă ᆊࣃ៍ٕޥ҂͞ё (Decker, 2004)Ą

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

̼ඉர ࣇᄲڇ΁ˠТຍٕͅ၆ߙֱຍ֍Ăિ޺ٕୢчߙֱᆊࣃ៍ķ(p. 21)ĄWalker ᄃ

Chaplin (1997) ˵ᙒТ఺ᇹ۞ኢᕇĂ֭ڦຍז఺჌็ᇫ۞೼̈́ன෪ĈĶ෪ᇈԛ

ё۞Ϡயᄃ߹఼̏གྷČᄃ࣌͟ᆧͷ൑ڱਗ਼ᖼгஎౝٺ̫͟Б஧ّથݡ̼׶็

ᇫ࿅඀༊̚ķ(p. 23)Ąᐌ඾ಫវႣ౅͟૱Ϡ߿۞Ч͞ࢬĂຍᙊԛၗ˵рညјࠎ Ķҋ൒ٕߊؠ۞ķְ၁ (Sturken and Cartwright, 2001, p. 21)Ą

Williams (1977) ᜜ჍĂ੫၆఺჌ຍᙊԛၗĶҋ൒̼ķன෪۞ٯԩቁ၁х

дĂ΁ᔘ̬௜˞ٱ޺ĶѣҾٺ͹߹̼͛ĂࠤҌᄃ̝၆ϲķ۞̼͛ᙷݭ (p. 122)Ĉ Β߁അࠎ͹߹Ăт̫ё຋۞Ķണх̼͛ķ(p. 122)Ăͽ̈́೩΍Бາຍᙊԛၗ߄ ጼ͹߹۞ĶາᎸ̼͛ķ(p. 123)Ą఺׌჌Ωᙷ̼͛ౌϏజќበҌ͹߹̼͛༊̚Ă ጐგιࣇ˘ۡ఍ٺĶజќበ۞П፟ķ྆ (Duncum, 1987, p. 7)ć఺࣎િ޺̙ᄃ

͹߹̼͛ፋЪ۞ٯԩડાĂజෛࠎĶдČ೩ֻ׎΁ன၁ؠཌྷ۞۩ม̰۞޺ᜈԩ ۋķ(p. 10)ĄSturken ᄃ Cartwright (2001) ̶Ҿᛚࢗ˞ͽ఺჌ݻၗҋγٺ͹

߹̼͛۞ٯԩᅳાĄ΁ࣇ೯͔˞ཀྵᜋҘ۞நኢĂᄮࠎ࣎ˠѣޙၹຍᙊԛၗ۞ਕ

˧Ă఺ֱຍᙊԛၗߏ΁ࣇϠ߿၁ኹ̝ٙдĂ҃ͷĶ͹߹ຍᙊԛၗυื̙ᕝࢦາ ᙋځҋ̎Ă޺ᜈᄃͅᜦᝋ๕˧۞၆ᕑĂĞ͔ҋ Sturken ᄃ Cartwright, 2001, p.

54ğĄЯѩĂᐌ඾Ωᙷຍᙊԛၗྏဦଯજۤົត̼Ăனې˵ߏ౅࿅޺ᜈ۞םથ ᄃኘҿ҃๬ౄ඾Ą఺჌ኢᕇᄃΫౌąᐒႬ (Stuart Hall) ۞םથྋ᝝ໄهѣள ѡТ̝̍఍Ăޢ۰ᄮࠎĂĶঐ෱۰ߏ͹જ۞ຍཌྷᄦౄ۰ķĂ΁ࣇᖣϤତצٕ١

඗ĂซҖ඾ຍཌྷ۞ྚᛖĞ͔ҋ Sturken ᄃ Cartwright, 2001, p. 57ğĄࡻ઼۞

̼͛ࡁտᄃෛᛇ̼͛ࡁտĂдࠎצᑅ࢝˘͞൴ᓏ̝ᅫĂౌྏဦಓ੓Ч჌۞ͅᜦ ᝋ˧ณĂ֭೩࣍םથёྋ᝝ĄHausmanăPloofăDuignanăBrown ׶ Hostert

(2010) ඈˠ͹ૺĂ఺ᇹ۞ኝ඀ਕֹܳ៍۰ଳפԲҿّםથ͞ёĂଣ੅ۤົᝋ

˧ᛉᗟĂߏܳซିֈԼࢭ۞͹ࢋજ˧ĄAmburgy (2011) ˵ᄮࠎ఺჌Բҿّந ྋߏ߄ጼனхۤົ̙ཌྷன෪۞ᙯᔣࢋ৵Ą

൒҃Ăྤώ͹ཌྷЋဦᑅԺঐ෱۰၆ٺ఺ֱ࿰నຍᙊԛၗ۞ٯԩĄ΁ࣇ଀͕

ᑕ͘۞ڠጡĂಶߏ࡚ጯ೚ॆĄWalker ᄃ Chaplin (1997) ޽΍ĂĶ౅࿅೚ॆ఺

჌߱͘Ăෛᛇ̼͛ܮਕᄲڇ͔֭ᄵԧࣇ៍࠻ᄃ௮᝘జ็ᇫ۞ຐڱķ(p. 150)Ą

Chapman (2003) ᄮТ఺࣎៍ᕇĂ֭޽΍ĂĶ̂ிᘹఙߏϡֽซҖ࡚ጯᚍጱ۞

̍׍Ăϫ۞ߏᑅԺˠࣇ၆ٺ఺ֱᘹఙ۞ᆶຕ࠷ޥķ(p. 241)ĄDuncum (2002a)

˵ײᑕ఺ีኢᕇĂܑ֭ϯĂĶຍᙊԛၗ౵ѣड़۞ॡ࣏Ăಶߏ༊ιᔳԛ̙֍۞ॡ

࣏Ă҃ຏءᄵೊ࡚ጯਕѣड़ᔳᖟຍᙊԛၗķ(p. 10)Ą఺჌Ķຏءᄵೊ࡚ጯķ(p.

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

10)ĂϺӈ၆ٺ֗វ೚ॆ۞ૻአĂјࠎԧࣇࡁտྤώ͹ཌྷঐ෱ۤົෛᛇ̼͛۞ ̼ඉர

ࢵࢋࢦᕇĄ

дᘹఙିֈᅳા̚Ăෛᛇ̼͛ࡁտ۞ϫ۞ߏ͔ጱጯϠ౅࿅Բҿ֎ޘֽ࠻ޞ

ෛᛇ̼͛ྶវĄ֭ခᐽିर͔ጱጯϠĂࣤฟ೚ॆ࡚ጯ۞ᆸᆸγҗĂ೬ᜨᔳᖟ׎

̚۞ᜦᝋёੈिĄ˘ό೬ᜨ఺ֱੈिĂ̖ਕ͔ጱጯϠޥ҂׶ྋၹ఺ֱᜦᝋੈ

िăᏴؠϲಞĂซ҃ٯԩ࠹ᙯ۞ᑅّ࢝ຍᙊԛၗĄд̫͟Б஧ྤώ͹ཌྷᄃܸܽ

ঐ෱͹ཌྷ༊྽۞ॡ΃Ă఺Ξਕ֭ܧٽְĂЯࠎ࡚ጯᄵೊᔖฟˠᙷநّĂۡତᗆ ؠ˞֗វ׶࣎វ၆ٺຏءֳצ۞ഽ୕Ă఺˘ᕇ૟ٺ˭͛ᚶᜈ੅ኢĄ

̙ᕝᕖ·۞࡚ጯ

̙ᕝᕖ·۞࡚ጯ ̙ᕝᕖ·۞࡚ጯ

̙ᕝᕖ·۞࡚ጯ

Duncum (2005) ૻአ֗វ۞ࢦࢋّĂЯࠎιĶϒు႙јࠎາᎸঐ෱ྤώ

͹ཌྷᗆؠ۞ᇾ۞ķ(p. 10)Ą΁ֹϡĶវன࡚ጯķநኢֽଣ੅఺࣎ኢࢗ (p. 17)Ą

૵ᇇ೩΍۞ϒࢬ࡚ጯᆊࣃĂ˵ಶߏצז͕ം੊ቚޢٙᒔ଀۞ૣ੼ᄃᐹ࡚۞Ķჟ ቜ۞ຏצķĂ̏൑ڱஉᄏޢன΃࡚ጯໄه (p. 12)ĄDuncum ೩ᏹԧࣇĂԓᘷ ˠ၆࡚ጯ࡚ጯ࡚ጯ۞ؠཌྷĂТॡΒӣ˞೚ॆᄃ̙ॆ۞ຏצĂЯѩՀᆵᇃ۞࡚ጯؠཌྷ่̙࡚ጯ

ࢋৼˢ֗វࢬШĂᔘѣϒࢬᄃ࢑ࢬ۞ຏצĂ̙ΪᄮТૣ੼࡚ጯĂ˵ࢋᜪ̈́Ҳܸă

௖ᅑ׶π૶ĄWalker ᄃ Chaplin (1997) ྋᛖĂ࡚ጯܜ˳ͽֽܮࣘट඾೚ԣᄃ

̙೚ԣ۞ј̶Ĉன΃ᘹఙ૱ೡᘱᔟَ͹ᗟĂּт൪छ࣯ฮܮ૱ӔனĶצᙱăԶ

᎐ᄃČऻᛵķ۞ഀ෪ (p. 159)ĄWilliams (1977) ˵૟࡚ጯؠཌྷؼҩҌԣຏ̝

γĂৼˢ˞ĶՕ್൑௭ăឰˠڃჂ۞ķ࡚ጯវរ (p. 156)ĄDuncum (2005) ᄮ ࠎĂ఺჌࡚ጯໄه۞ᕖ·—ৼˢ֗វᄃ׎ϒࢬ׶࢑ࢬຏצ—ѣ׎υࢋّĂЯࠎ

ྭ઼Ћຽྤώϒд޺ᜈᄵೊ۞၆෪Ă˜ߏԧࣇ۞֗វĂ̙҃ߏԧࣇ۞͕ംķ(p.

18)Ą

ࠎ˞ᄲځ֗វдன΃̳ிኢࢗ̚۞ࢦࢋّĂDuncum (2005) ᔛኛԧࣇޥ

҂Ă஽Җٺދޙለ߷ॡഇĂͽྒૺă࿅౺۞֗វ׶ຏءࠎপᕇ۞လѐරົĄҭ ᐌ඾ୁᄋྻજ೩࣍நّĂ̍ຽछଯᇃࡴҖϠய˧Ăͽ̈́າିव᜔యЧ჌҇វᄵ

ೊĂလѐරдȈ˝͵ࡔ྆Ķዎז˞ր௚ّ۞ᑅԺķ (p. 13)ĄΩ͞ࢬĂ˟Ȉ͵

ࡔ྆Ϡயड़த۞ଯซĂౄಶ΍̂ณ۞ྤώ࠳ዶᄃЃยॡมĄϠய۞ࢦࢋّࢫ ҲĂࢦ͕ు႙ᖼொזঐ෱Җࠎ˯Ąˠࣇฟؕͽঐ෱۰ҋاĂ̙҃Гࢦෛҋ̎۞

Ϡய۰̶֗Ąࢬ၆఺ᇹ۞ᖼតĂDuncum (2005) ᄮࠎĂĶঐ෱̼͛ᄦౄ۞̙

ߏۏݡĂ҃ߏ၆ٺۏݡ۞ᇒ୕ķ(p. 15)Ąࠎ˞ӛ͔ᄃᄵೊঐ෱֗វᔉ෴Б஧ྤ

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

̼ඉர ώ͹ཌྷથݡĂдன΃͹ཌྷॡഇዎזᑅԺ۞လѐරёճᝌăᓂᇒֳሄĂдޢன΃

ॡഇ˫ГѨᒔ଀Ћຽྤώ͹ཌྷᇃӘᄃಫវ۞ॎᎸᄃခәĄ

Langman (2003) ޽΍ĂĶလѐරົĂ఺࣎ᛖٸᑅԺᇒ୕ᄃ̶֗۞ଐဩĂ

౅࿅လѐරёથݡ̼ሀᑢԛёĂГѨೇ߿ķĂ҃Ķ༰ԟ۞ԣຏķ̏јࠎ׎̙̚

Ξٕ৿۞পҒķ(p. 85)ĄLangman ᄮࠎĂঐ෱͹ཌྷĶт̫ЈᏥလѐරёĺေ

͇͑гĻ۞ᄦౄᄃ೸ᇫĂᙷҬ۞ေ͑͵ࠧٚᏚͷ೩ֻ˞႕֖֗វᅮՐ۞ăՀ೚

ԣ۞ॡגķĂ౼࿅ன၁ېڶ૲ֽ۞೚ॆ (p. 85)Ąд૟གྷរડ̶јඕၹᄃͅඕ ၹ׌̂ᙷ۞ۤົ྆Ă఺ֱΩᙷಞા೩ֻ˞ĶͅඕၹёྋٸķٕĶΞͽщБᆚԘ

ۤົ૱ఢĂซҖٯԩăᙹᖬă١඗۞̬̚ॡมᄃ۩มķ(p. 67)ĄᏝו۞ߏĂ఺

ֱ۩ม˵ЯѩĶјࠎᘦ׽ۤົඕၹķĂ֭םӄ׎წؼ̙Ѥ۞ВϚ (p. 68)Ąϒ тދޙॡഇ۞လѐරົߏĶދޙྺϔႽଐֳሄăᆮᑚ۞̬̚۩มķĂLangman ᄮࠎĂ͐Ҙလѐර׶઼࡚෹৺࠵֖஧ᔈ˵ߏன΃ˠྋٸᑅ˧۞လѐරճᝌᄅέ (p. 68)Ą

൑፾ѣઊĂManga (2003) ޽΍Ă࿪ෛ௲˾սĶͽ݈ٙϏ֍۞ఢሀĂࠎလ ѐරճᝌࢲঈ೩ֻ೸ᇫᄃତᛈ۞გ྽ķ(p. 181)Ąಶညދޙॡഇ۞လѐරົ˘

ᇹĂ఺ֱ࿪ෛ༼ϫӔன࿅ޘᓂଐֳሄᄃĶ෪ᇈّᙹᖬķ۞੅ኢ۩ม (p. 161)Ă ҭᄃދޙလѐර̙Т۞ߏĂ௲˾սͽĶՀ੼۞ᐛதķ΍னĂ֭ͷдΞ࿰ഇ۞ॡ

߱ᇫ΍Ăҭ˘ਠလѐර۞ᓝᏱॡม̙˘ؠĂ˵Яѩ೩੼˞လѐර۞̙щБຏ (p.

173)Ą௲˾ս̙ਕზߏ௲ᗓĶϠயČĺ͟૱Ϡ߿Ļķ۞΍˾Ă҃ͷιࣇ޺ᜈ̙

ᕝ۞Ξ଀ّĂֹ׎јࠎĶπ˲൑኷۞͟૱Ϡ߿ְІķ(p. 175)Ą఺ֱ༼ϫ̙х дٺۤົᙝቡĂ˵Ϗዎזᙝቡ̼Ă̝ͅĂιࣇ൑̙ٙдĂ҃ͷĶૄώ˯ĂӔன လѐරճᝌ۞ҖજᇆညĂ΍னдЧ࣎Ğ઼̰׶઼ᅫğгડ༊̚ķ(p. 178)Ą౵

ޢ˘ᕇĂт̫̙̏Ξਕଳפט෗߱͘ĈĶጐგ஝טᄃᙝቡ̼˘ۡߏᑅԺٕଠט လѐරճᝌ۞߱͘Ăҭࢬ၆ன΃௲˾սĂ఺჌Ⴞଠ͞ё̏൑ϡڠ̝гķ(p.

180)Ąလѐරճᝌ۞ᙹᖬ˧ณт̫̏ҋϤгႣ౅Ҍԧࣇ۞͟૱Ϡ߿̝̚Ą

៍ிᄮࠎĂĶ఺ֱ༼ϫӛֹ͔ٕ࢝΁ࣇ៍࠻Ăӈֹ΁ࣇҋ̎ĺځۢĻ༼ϫ ώ̙֭֗Ξפ (p. 182)ķĄManga (2003) ᄮࠎ఺჌៍࠻۞኏જĂߏЯࠎˠࣇ ၆ٺĶԧࣇۤົ̏གྷԆБಉεķ۞ĶလѐරۤົّķĂ̪ѣ˘჌೭̝̙Ν۞ᅮ Րຏ (p. 193)ĄϤٺ৿ͻৌϒ۞လѐරົ—ց֍ăᙝቡ̼ăజთטăะវ۞֗

វֳሄπέ—྾ѣ࿪ෛ௲˾սפ҃΃̝Ă႕֖˞៍۰၆ٺֳሄ۞˘჌ぢЄ̏

˳ă൑ڱԞᘃᄃ֏ځ۞ഽ୕Ą

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

̼ඉர

Duncum (2002b) ᄮࠎ࿪ෛၢ֎༼ϫ˵ߏΩ˘჌೩ֻ៍۰Ķᙹᖬۤົ૱ఢ

۞လѐරёሄ኷ķ۞πέĈ࿪ෛၢ֎༼ϫૄώ˯ົӔன˘࣎ፅέĂд఺࣎ፅέ

˯ĂΞͽདྷ൑ԟᇘгणனϒ૱̳ϔۤົٙ༰ͤ۞Ķ௖ܸă൙ᓵ׶Ғଐķ(p. 109)Ą ጐგ೚ॆăᅮՐ۞႕֖ߏ࿪ෛၢ֎༼ϫ۞ጃ˧ٙдĂҭ Duncum ᄮࠎд఺჌

؈៍༊̚Ăຳӣ඾ౘჺ۞͹߹ຍᙊԛၗĈ჌୉͹ཌྷă̩γڡෛăّҾڡෛăऻ

ᛵТّ᝽ă൑߆عېၗᄃᇷ˧Ąፂ΁͹ૺĂ఺჌ෛᛇ̼͛ಞાѣ׎ࢦࢋّĂЯ ࠎιࣇତᛈ۞၆෪ߏ˘ਠ̂ிĂ҃ͷࠎБ஧ྤώ͹ཌྷ۞ࣤ݇ώኳ೩ֻځቁ۞ּ

̄ĈĶᔵ൒ͽྒૺă࿅ޘ۞ԣຏ૲ֽᓂᇒវរČҭݒ൴೭ૻ̼͹߹ᆊࣃ۞˧ณķ (p. 115)Ą౅࿅఺჌൑̙ٙд۞လѐරճᝌྶវĂۤົ͹߹୉ཏ଀ͽ޺ᜈଯજ ຍᙊԛၗᜦᝋĄ

ଂလѐරă෹৺࠵ă࿪ෛ௲˾սᄃ࿪ෛၢ֎༼ϫඈּ̄̚ĂԧࣇΞͽ൴னĂ

఺ֱಫវ׍౯˞೚ॆ۞ӛ͔˧Ă֭ͷ଀ͽ႕֖̳ி۞ᅮՐĄ̙ض۞ߏĂϒт

Duncum (2002b) ၆ٺ࿪ෛၢ֎༼ϫ۞ԲҿĂ఺ֱಫវ˵Тॡ೸ᇫ΄ˠኳႷ۞

ຍᙊԛၗĄChapman (2003) ᄮࠎ̂ிᘹఙĶᖣϤ็ᇫѣᙯЪآᄃ̙༊Җࠎ۞

ᇆညĂֽĺିጱĻᆊࣃ៍ķ(p. 236)Ąҭ౅࿅൑̙ٙд۞ಫវ็ᇫĶလѐරё Б஧ྤώ͹ཌྷ͵ࠧķ(Langman, 2003, p. 85)ĂĶЪآķٕఢቑ۞ҖࠎҬͼߏ

࿅ΝٙĶ༰ͤķ۞ҖࠎĄྤώ͹ཌྷඈٺдކೳౘᖞ۞ຍᙊԛၗĄ

дޥ҂఺ֱလѐරྶវॡĂԧࣇ่̙ڦຍז׎ٙ̚೩࣍۞ౘჺຍᙊԛၗĂ ᔘѣ఺ֱෛᛇ̼͛ᘹఙݡ൑̙ٙд۞ன෪ĄБ஧෹̂ݭЋຽͽฯݓྤܛĂࠎ៍

ிؠഇχౄ΍౵ו፬ăճ౎ăေ͑۞Ωᙷလѐර͵ࠧĂֹ଀఺ֱ࡚ጯӛ͔˧ត

଀ᆐধ׶ᐛᓄĄநّ۞ទᏭޥ҂ਕ˧ዎזಛ๏ĂЯࠎ఺ֱ̼͛ྶវૻধ҃ᐛᓄ гӛ͔඾ϒࢬᄃ࢑ࢬ۞֗វຏצĂͽ̬̈́ٺ׌۰̝ม۞˘̷Ăϫ۞ߏ߄જĂ֭

౹ౄ៍۰۞ԣຏᄃᇒ୕Ą

ᔵ൒࿅Ν˘ਠ̂ி౅࿅လѐරົֽܑ྿၆௚ڼ۰ᜦᝋ๕˧۞ͅԩĂ֭ࢋՐ ט෗఺ֱᜦᝋᝋ˧Ăҭд̫͟Б஧ྤώ͹ཌྷۤົ̚ĂလѐරճᝌݒߏϤᜦᝋ๕

˧Ϡயᄃమ኱Ą఺჌ᖼតֹ଀ԧࣇ۞͟૱Ϡ߿·ϋ඾ᄵ͔֗វ۞થݡ̼ੈिĂ

֭ͷֹ଀လѐරճᝌјࠎБ஧ྤώ͹ཌྷۤົ൑ͧҋ൒۞˘ొ̶Ą఺჌ҋ൒̼ன ෪Ăߏ͔੓எגᙯ̷۞͹ЯĄᐌ඾఺჌็ᇫត଀ҋ൒ăநٙ༊൒Ăፋ࣎ۤົు

႙૟ιෛࠎ˘჌நٙ༊൒۞૱ၗĂ֭ͷ̙ГኳႷдۤົ༊̙̚ᕝ೸ᇫᄃТ̼۞

Ч჌ੈि—ຍᙊԛၗĄಏ৷۞៍ிĂд୮൑ᄮۢ۞ଐڶ˭Ă౵टٽዎ߾ཝĄ̣

ЍȈҒ۞လѐරԣຏᄋት˞ϔி۞ᗕீĂፋ࣎ۤົдٯԩ۞ТॡĂ˵ត଀਽

ऴĂ҃࿅Νთט඾఺჌ԣຏ۞ᝋ˧Ăт̫ౣ൒តј౵ࠎሤ̚׎ְ۞ކೳ۰Ą

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

̼ඉர д༊΃Б஧ྤώ͹ཌྷۤົ̚Ăֱ֤ጾѣ͹ጱᝋ۞ˠ˵ಶߏೠ೪ᝋ˧۞ˠĂ

΁ࣇѣᝋ˧౅࿅ಫវྶវĂͽ̈́׎΁ᙷҬෛᛇ̼͛Ă̂ณኑᄦ׍౯လѐරёӛ

͔˧۞ੈिĄтڍĂԧࣇ఺ཏିֈ̍ү۰Ăᔘԓጔҋ̎ਕдۤົ྆࣍ጱӀ΁͹

ཌྷĂ̙҃ߏӱෛ඾ϫ݈̙̳π۞னېĂԧࣇυืםӄጯϠྋၹ΁ࣇ۞ෛᛇ͵

ࠧĄ͍׎ߏ·ϋд΁ࣇ͟૱Ϡ߿̚۞ֱ֤߹Җ̼͛யۏĄ౅࿅ෛᛇ̼͛ࡁտĂ ᘹఙିֈ۰Ξͽ͔ጱጯϠĂᄮ୻ᄃٯԩလѐරё۞ಫវᄵೊĂТॡ᎕ໂԲҿЧ

჌ዎזಫវૻ̼۞ᔳӣੈिĄֶፂ఺ᇹ۞ϫᇾĂ˭͛૟ଣ੅࡚ఙኝૅ˯۞၁ኹ ඉரĄ

ኝૅ˯۞ෛᛇ̼͛ᘹఙିֈඉர ኝૅ˯۞ෛᛇ̼͛ᘹఙିֈඉர ኝૅ˯۞ෛᛇ̼͛ᘹఙିֈඉர ኝૅ˯۞ෛᛇ̼͛ᘹఙିֈඉர

т Hermann (2005) ٙ֏Ăޢன΃ॡഇ۞ෛᛇ̼͛ᘹఙିֈ̙Ξਕଳפ

࠹Т˘࡭۞ඉரĄс͹ࢋ۞ԲҿኢᕇߏĂĶӈֹኝ඀̰ट໚ҋෛᛇ̼͛நኢĂ ҭ౵ޢ̪ົ֕Шன΃͹ཌྷநه׶ԛё͹ཌྷ۞నࢍࣧ݋ķ(p. 42)Ă҃ͷԛё͹ཌྷ

۞ෞᆊ͞ёنர˞౹ү۞ۤົࡦഀĂͽ̈́ෛᛇ̼͛நྋ౵ࢦࢋ۞Я৵Ă˵ಶߏ

៍࠻ҖࠎĄ

೩࣍۰ೳୢ˞ன΃ॡഇ࣍ጱ۞ԛё̶ژڱ (Duncum, 2010; Hermann, 2005)Ăᖼ҃ޙᛉ౅࿅ෛᛇ̼͛ࡁտĂ૟ࢦᕇٸд޶ଧᇆညୃְٙ็྿۞ຍᙊ ԛၗޙၹ (Amburgy, 2011; Duncum, 2010; Keifer-Boyd, Amburgy, & Knight, 2007; Vidiella & Hernandez, 2006)Ąጐგѣధк͛ౢଣ੅д࡚ఙኝૅ˯ଣ৶ෛ

ᛇ̼͛۞ඉரĞኛણ֍т Ballengee-Morris, & Stuhr, 2001; Barrett, 2003;

Duncum, 2010ğĂҭ఺ֱ͛ᚥ۞ВТᕇдٺĂιࣇӀϡ׶ކೳ఺჌ୃְྋၹ ڱĂᄮࠎι֖ͽ೬ᜨֱ֤ૻ̼ۤົ͹߹ᆊࣃ۞ຍᙊԛၗĄ఺ֱඉரҬͼপҾࣅ ࢦԲҿёିጯڱĂԓ୕ᖣѩᄮ୻ᄃΝ͕̼̚လѐරё࡚ጯ۞ᄵೊ˧Ă֭ྏဦୁ

જநّĂ൴ଧෛᛇ̼͛ᘹఙݡٙ็྿۞எᆸຍཌྷĄ

םӄᖚ݈ᘹఙିֈ̍ү۰ םӄᖚ݈ᘹఙିֈ̍ү۰ םӄᖚ݈ᘹఙିֈ̍ү۰

םӄᖚ݈ᘹఙିֈ̍ү۰໤౯рܓତෛᛇ̼͛ ໤౯рܓତෛᛇ̼͛ ໤౯рܓତෛᛇ̼͛ ໤౯рܓତෛᛇ̼͛

ඊ۰எܫĂෛᛇ̼͛ᘹఙିֈநኢछ೩࣍۞ԲҿёିጯڱĂቁѣ׎ड़ڍĄ ЯѩĂдᘹఙିֈरྤᖚ݈ૈ੊ኝ඀༊̚Ăԧ˵͔ጱ඾Ϗֽ۞ᘹఙିֈ̍ү۰ ᒢྋĂтңд࡚ఙኝૅ̚ଣ੅ෛᛇ̼͛Ăͽ̈́఺Њ̍ү۞ࢦࢋّĄ

͞ڱĄ͞ڱĄ

͞ڱĄ͞ڱĄࠎ˞׍౯நྋ۞ૄᖂ׶ࡦഀĂԧࣇዦ᝝тңྋၹෛᛇᇆည۞͛ౢĂ ͽ̈́тңᑕϡ࠹ᙯྋၹඉரĂд࡚ఙኝૅ˯ႊϯĄּтĂԧࣇጯ௫ֹϡ Duncum

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

̼ඉர

(2010) ೩ז۞Ч჌֎ޘֽྋၹෛᛇ̼͛யۏĈᝋ˧ăຍᙊԛၗăГனăᄵೊă

጖ෛᄃᄮ୻̫͟ிк็ᇫ۞кሀၗᄃّ̢͛Ąٕߏྻϡ Barrett (2003) ޙᛉ۞

ඉரĂּтଣտෛᛇᇆည۞ᄬ֏ጯĞ͛ώğăγؼĞγពٕౘࢗğͽ̰̈́ᛃĞᔳ ӣğੈिĄVidiella ᄃ Hernandez (2006) ޽͔ԧࣇᄮᙊдͽଣտྙયࠎૄᖂ

۞ෛᛇ̼͛ඉர̚Ăࡁտ۞ࢦࢋّĂ఺˵ͅߍ΍Җજ—ࡁտ۞ՎូĞᏰᙊયᗟ

ٕᛉᗟăࡁտăҖજ [ͽᘹఙаᑕ]ăͅޥҖજăᏰҾາ۞Ɲ࠹ᙯ۞યᗟٕᛉᗟć

൒ޢᚶᜈ఺࣎ೈᒖğĄ

ࣧЯĄࣧЯĄࣧЯĄ

ࣧЯĄаᜪΞҖ۞ඉரޢĂԧࣇܮਕ៍၅࢚̀κтңፉ༊੓̼͛ିጯ็ᇫ ۰֎ҒĂĶ˘჌఼૱ߏдᒔ଀଱ᝋ۞ିֈវט̝γĂ౅࿅ۤົಞા۞ିƝጯ࿅

඀ķ(Tavin & Anderson, 2003, p. 23)Ăͽ̈́఺჌ؠཌྷтңᑕϡٺԧࣇ׹ዎ۞ෛ

ᛇ̼͛யۏ˯Ą఼૱ጯϠົд఺࣎ล߱Шԧ೩΍ԩᛉĈధкጯϠܑ྿΁ࣇ۞ͅ

၆ຍ֍Ă΁ࣇᄮࠎ̙ᑕྍтѩӼᜲ̼࢚̀κĄ΁ࣇܑϯĂҋ̎χ̈ଂϏͽ఺჌

֎ޘֽ࠻ޞ࢚̀κજ൪ˠۏĂЯѩ఺჌ᔳӣ۞ੈि̙֭ࢦࢋĂٕ۰ކჍҋ̎ଂ

ϏӛќזᙷҬ۞ੈिĄԧົЇϤጯϠԩ١۞ᓏࢰ޺ᜈᕖ̂Ă֭ͷឰ΁ࣇᄃ޺࠹

ͅຍ֍۞ጯϠซҖ᜜ኢĄּтâҜ̳ฟܑځТّ᝽้Ш۞̃ጯϠĂӈ೩ᏹ̂

छளّ᝽ቁ၁ѣ׎পᝋĂĶԧ੃଀ҋ̎ଂ̈ಶপҾಈᝌֱ֤̳͹Ă҃ͷຐࢋј ࠎͳ̄ķĄҭ࢚̀κજ൪۞ଐ༼ຳϯс൑ڱтᙸͽᐺĂЯࠎсߏ̃ϠĄѩγĂ ధк̃ጯϠ޽΍Ăֱ֤׍ѣّҾڡෛă೩ֻĶˠϠՎូķ޽ጱ۞̳͹߇ְĂᓁ ߏିጱ̃ϠࢋԱ࣎ѣਕ˧۞շֽ̀߀ାҰĂ൒ޢҰࣇඕ૓Ăଂѩ࿅˯ض჊ԣሄ

۞̄͟ćĶިᆃົആ̈̃ޅనؠ఺ᇹ۞ҋןଐ༼ă෍઄ன၁׶՟ѣԓ୕۞ˠ ϠķĊ˘ҜጯϠຏזȈ̶̙ͽࠎ൒Ąགྷ࿅᜜ኢޢĂԧࣇ៍࠻ᇆͯĮѼҁဂᜦᝋį (Mickey Mouse Monopoly; Sun et al., 2002) ༊̚۞ೀ࣎ͯ߱Ăͯ̚׊ආ၆࢚

̀κᇆͯ۞ͅᑕĂͽ̈́छܜᄃጯ۰۞Բෞຍ֍Ăౌײᑕ˞ൾѝ᝝࿅۞ Tavin ׶

Anderson (2003) ͛ౢ̚۞ኢᕇĄ׊ආົሀϼѷؑऋ׶ᚗΙ߸๰ޥඈΙ఼ˠۏ

۞γܑăڇ྅ăᓏࢰܑଐᄃّຏજүĄдԧ۞ᖚ݈रྤኝૅ˯Ăֱ֤੓ܐ͕ᘃ ԩ١۞ጯϠĂฟؕᖼត΁ࣇ۞࠻ڱĂҭ̪൑ڱၔغԼតĄ

ѩגĂٯԩ̪൒޺ᜈĈ఺ֱତצᖚ݈੊ቚ۞̂ጯϠિ޺Ă̈ޅ̙̄ົӛќ

఺ֱঘ̈́჌୉ڡෛăّҾڡෛăऻᛵТّ᝽ăѐ᛬ڡෛ۞ຍᙊԛၗĄ΁ࣇᄮࠎĂ

׊ආΪߏಏ৷ሀϼજ൪ˠۏ۞֏ᄬ׶ҖࠎĄତᜈ఺࣎ኢᕇĂԧࠎጯϠᇫٸ Įည ԧ఺ᇹ۞̃ޅį (A Girl Like Me; Davis, 2005) ۞ͯ߱Ąᇆͯ̚ѣкҜโˠ͌

̃д੅ኢĂсࣇ៍၅ז͹߹៍ᕇᄮࠎโˠّ̃۞நຐγܑᑕྍߏĈ୶Ғϩቲă ඊۡᐝጀĄ˵ಶߏ࠻੓ֽࢋͧྵϨĄତ඾Ăᇆͯ̚΍ன˘Ҝโˠ̈̃ޅĂсଂ

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

̼ඉர ॸ˯۞โҒᄃϨҒ߶ݾݾ༊̚Ă޽඾ϨҒ߶ݾݾᄲĂ఺ߏс౵ಈᝌĂ˵ߏсᄮ ࠎ۞Ķр߶ݾݾķĂĶЯࠎсߏϨ۞ķĄсᛇ଀โݾݾĶ̙р࠻ķĂĶЯࠎߏ โҒ۞ķĄ ତ඾ѣˠયсĶΞͽኛҰԯܜ଀ညҰ۞ݾݾोගԧ๜ķĉ ࠻ז̈

̃ޅ൘Ꮲ˞˘ົ׊Ă൒ޢҩ͘Νଯ֤࣎Ķ̙р۞ķโݾݾॡĂጯϠ׶ԧౌ̙༰

˘ੱ͕ᅕ—ѣֱጯϠࠤҌࣵ΍ֽĄԧд఺྆ᇶઃ˞ᇆͯĄ֤ૅኝ౵ޢĂԧࣇ੅

ኢܦ͌ѐтңӛќ֗ᙝᘕࠓّ۞̂ณ͹߹ੈिćͽ̈́дтѩρ̈۞ѐࡔĂ΁ࣇ

֭Ϗт็௚ିֈ֤ਠĂጯ௫тңםથ໛఼఺ֱੈिĄ֗ࠎͽෛᛇᇆညࠎିጯࢦ ᕇ۞ᘹఙିֈ̍ү۰ĂԧࣇѣయЇםӄѐᅅ˘΃םથ΁ࣇତќז۞ੈिĄ఺ૄ

ώ˯۞ຍޥߏĂିጱѐᅅጯϠтңͅᖬםથ΁ࣇ͟૱ٙ֍۞ෛᛇ̼͛Ą

ᖚ݈ିरٺ ᖚ݈ିरٺ ᖚ݈ିरٺ

ᖚ݈ିरٺ K-12 ࡚ఙኝૅ۞ෛᛇ̼͛ඉரĈቑּ ࡚ఙኝૅ۞ෛᛇ̼͛ඉரĈቑּ ࡚ఙኝૅ۞ෛᛇ̼͛ඉரĈቑּ ࡚ఙኝૅ۞ෛᛇ̼͛ඉரĈቑּ

౅࿅˯ࢗ͞ёĂԧ۞̂ጯొᖚ݈रྤ঱ጯϠฟؕᒢྋזĂ૟ෛᛇ̼͛၁ચ

૲ซ΁ࣇ۞࡚ఙኝ඀༊̚۞͹ࢋඉரăᐹᕇ׶ࢦࢋّĄ΁ࣇᙒТͷᙸຍ၁ኹ఺

ֱጯ௫јڍĂӀϡЧ჌͞ёĂ૟ෛᛇ̼͛ࡁտৼˢҋ̎۞࡚ఙኝ඀̚ĄּтĂ д 2015 ѐߋ؞۞၁௫ኝ˯Ăԧ۞ᖚ݈रྤ঱ጯϠՏฉ̱˯̾ࢋି଱ K-12 ጯϠ࡚ఙኝĂ׎̚˘Ҝ̂ጯϠࣘᘹఙିरĂZoe²Ăࠎс঱˯۞ 12-14 ໐ጯϠ నࢍ˞˭Еኝ඀Ą

၁௫ିर۞ෛᛇ̼͛ኝ඀ໄࢗĄ ၁௫ିर۞ෛᛇ̼͛ኝ඀ໄࢗĄ ၁௫ିर۞ෛᛇ̼͛ኝ඀ໄࢗĄ

၁௫ିर۞ෛᛇ̼͛ኝ඀ໄࢗĄZoe నࢍ۞ኝ඀ᇾᗟᄃĶ࿦ϖޥຐķ(Stewart

& Walker, 2005) ͹ᗟߏĶ঻˭Ұ۞О੃ķ(Make your Mark)Ąኝ඀ϫᇾߏ͔

ጱ 12-14 ໐ጯϠአߤ׶ᒢྋ΁ࣇ၆ٺ͵ࠧ۞ᇆᜩĞϒࢬᄃ࢑ࢬğĂͽ̈́͵ࠧ

၆ጯϠѣңᇆᜩĄсྏ඾ခᐽጯϠͽԲҿ͞ёޥ҂Ч჌ᇆᜩĂֹጯϠѣਕ˧ј ࠎү΍Ᏼፄ۞Ķүϡ۰ķĂ҃఺ֱᏴፄ૟ซ˘Վםӄ΁ࣇ๬ౄՀϒࢬ۞͵ࠧĄ

ௐ˘ኝ۞ኝ඀ϫᇾΒӣ׌࣎ᆸࢬĈ

1) ௐ˘ĂጯϠྏ඾࣠ژ΁ࣇϠ߿̚ᐌ֗ᛸ૲۞ঐ෱થݡĂ֭ޥ҂఺ֱۏ ݡтңᇆᜩ׎΁ˠ࠻ޞ΁ࣇ۞͞ёĞϺӈĂ఺ֱۏݡдጯϠϠ߿̚঻

˭ֱࣹО੃ĂՏҜጯϠ˫঻˭ֱࣹО੃ğĄۏݡͅߍ˞ጯϠ۞পኳĂ ϤٺጯϠ֗˯ᛸ૲఺ֱۏݡĂ׎΁ˠ˵ົ૟఺ֱۏݡᄃጯϠώˠాඕ д˘੓ĄѩγĂՏ࣎ᛸ૲۰Ξਕ૟఺ֱۏݡෛࠎҋ̎۞˘჌ͅߍĂ఺

ֱۏݡ޺ᜈҡᐌጯϠνΠĂЯѩјࠎϠ߿̚۞૱ၗĄ

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

̼ඉர

2) ௐ˟ĂጯϠྏ඾౅࿅̳ฟ۞ᘹఙ౹ү͞ёĂ၆ҋ̎࣎ˠ۞ঐ෱Җࠎܑ

྿Բҿّޥ҂Ăซ҃ૈዳ׎៍ி۞ͅ࠷Բҿਕ˧Ą౅࿅ቢ˯ࡁտă͔

ϡ Vidiella ׶ Hernandez (2006) ϯቑ۞ͽଣտྙયࠎૄᖂ۞ඉ ரĂ֭ޥ҂߹ҖᘹఙᙷݭĞኛણ֍т Livingstone, 2009; Pop art, 2015;

Pop-art movement, n.d.; Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 2015; Wolf, 2015ğĂጯϠ൴னĂధк߹Җᘹఙछ˵അྏဦԲҿ઼࡚

Чгቺؼ۞ঐ෱͹ཌྷĄ΁ࣇӀϡ߹Җᘹఙᙷݭֽೡᘱ͹ᗟĂ֭ᖣѩᔳ ӣঐ෱͹ཌྷԲҿޥຐĂ఺˵ߏ΁ࣇԓ୕ڟካ׎ᘹఙݡ۞៍ி଀ͽវົ

۞ৌϒຍஉĄ

K-12 ෛᛇ̼͛၁ኹඉரͅߍநኢඉரĄෛᛇ̼͛၁ኹඉரͅߍநኢඉரĄZoe ෛᛇ̼͛၁ኹඉரͅߍநኢඉரĄෛᛇ̼͛၁ኹඉரͅߍநኢඉரĄ ۞ෛᛇ̼͛ඉரĂдፋЪ˯

ࢗኝ඀̰टޢĂͅߍ΍ൾѝԧࣇଂநኢ֎ޘያܕĞ྿јğෛᛇ̼͛۞੅ኢ̰टĄ ͽ˭૟ೡࢗс۞ኝ඀тңͅߍෛᛇ̼͛ඉர۞நኢࢋཌྷĄ

ᘹఙؠཌྷ۞ᕖ̂

ᘹఙؠཌྷ۞ᕖ̂ᘹఙؠཌྷ۞ᕖ̂

ᘹఙؠཌྷ۞ᕖ̂ĄĄĄĄጯϠᕖ̂˞ᘹఙ۞ؠཌྷĂ૟߹Җ̼̮͛৵ৼˢ׎̚Ą΁

ࣇࡁտ۞၆෪ߏෛᛇ̼͛யۏ—͟૱ঐ෱ۏݡĂт޽ϥڵă܅ܱ۞ඊă੼ඌ஧

ይă૾Ғϩӵă௖ྫྷ൳̋࿮ඈ—̙҃ߏ็௚ٙᏜ۞Ķ࡚ఙķٕĶჟቜᘹఙķĄ

ෛᛇࡁտ̚۞߹Җ̼͛

ෛᛇࡁտ̚۞߹Җ̼͛ෛᛇࡁտ̚۞߹Җ̼͛

ෛᛇࡁտ̚۞߹Җ̼͛ĄĄĄĄ౅࿅੅ኢ׶ޥ҂ĂጯϠଂԈ៍֎ޘ΍൴Ăଣ৶ᄃ ԲҿՏีۏݡᔳӣ۞ຍᙊԛၗᜦᝋĂͽ̈́ۏኳ͹ཌྷăঐ෱͹ཌྷ׶ྤώ͹ཌྷඈ८

͕͹ᗟĄ΁ࣇޥ҂Ћຽтңଂ఺ֱጯϠᄃ׎΁ˠ۞ঐ෱༊̚ᒔӀĄ΁ࣇኳႷࣹ

ֱۤົ୉ཏ۞ᆊࣃ៍צזপҾࢦෛĂֱࣹ҃݋஍ࠎᙝቡऴ๕Ąߏኡϒдᄲڇ΁

ࣇᛸ૲ֱࣹঐ෱ۏݡĂፂѩ๬ౄ΁ࣇᑕྍ׍౯۞Ķநຐķγᄻĉ఺ֱĶநຐķ ԛ෪тңͅߍᛳٺٕ͚޺ߙ࣎পؠ୉ཏĞ͹߹ăܢᛳᄃึଂ۞ăܢᛳᄃͅԩ۞Ă

ٕߏ఺ᇹ۞ೈᒖğ۞পҒĉᒢྋ఺ֱᆸࢬޢĂጯϠࢋયĂ఺ֱߏӎߏ΁ࣇຐࢋ

͚޺۞ຍᙊԛၗĄ఺ᇹ˘ֽĂдᄃ఺ֱۏݡޙϲᙯܼ̝ᅫĂጯϠಶਕ͔ᅳҋ̎

۞நّᄃᄮۢԲҿ̶ژਕ˧Ăࣝዼٺ֗វ࡚ጯᄵೊ̝˯Ą ಫវᕖ೸ᄃຍᙊԛၗ۞೸ᇫ

ಫវᕖ೸ᄃຍᙊԛၗ۞೸ᇫಫវᕖ೸ᄃຍᙊԛၗ۞೸ᇫ

ಫវᕖ೸ᄃຍᙊԛၗ۞೸ᇫĄĄĄੵ˞Ԉ៍ё۞ۤົࡁտ̝γĂጯϠ၆఺ֱۏĄ ݡซҖᄮّۢᑭរĂ΁ࣇࣤฟᆸᆸ۞လѐරё࡚ጯγҗĂଂүࠎঐ෱ۏݡώ

֗ĂүࠎጯϠ͟૱ϡݡĂͽ̈́ଂ࣎ˠ຋៍֎ޘ΍൴Ă೬ᜨ఺ֱۏݡд఺ֱᆸࢬ

ٙ็྿۞࣎ҾੈिĄ֗ࠎ఺ֱঐ෱ۏݡ۞གྷ૱ّᛸ૲۰Ğͽ̈́ͽ͚޺۰׶Җዚ ۰۞̶֗޺ᜈणϯ఺ֱۏݡ—Ξᄲߏಫវྶវ۞ؼҩğĂ΁ࣇԲҿ఺ֱۏݡࠎ

΁ࣇҋ̎ٙ็྿۞ă෹ͼ၁ϡᆊࣃͽγ۞ੈिĄିर͔ጱጯϠޥ҂ĈՏ࣎ጯϠ

޺ѣᄃणϯՏีۏݡ۞ҖࠎĂߏдຳϯ΁Ɲс۞ֱࣹ࣎ˠপኳĉ΁ࣇѣຍĂ҃

ͷѣॡ̙ޫ༊гĂ౅࿅޺ѣᄃणϯ఺ֱۏݡĂຳϯֱࣹপᝋੈि—ٕ߄ጼপᝋ

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

̼ඉர ۞ੈिĄጯϠ੅ኢᄃኳႷ۞ᛉᗟΒ߁Ăˠࣇ૱૟ಱྈăĶᅖࠍķᄃ߹Җෛࠎᐹ

෸۞෪ᇈĂ˵ౄј˞ᚙঅम෼ĂΩγ˵̂ณኘኢᝋ˧ăల૏ăҋռᄃଂி͕நĄ

̙ᕝᕖ·۞࡚ጯĄ

̙ᕝᕖ·۞࡚ጯĄ

̙ᕝᕖ·۞࡚ጯĄ

̙ᕝᕖ·۞࡚ጯĄ఺჌ෛᛇ̼͛ࡁտĂਕឰጯϠѣਕ˧ຍᙊז఺ֱயۏ۞

လѐරёጃ˧Ăͽ̈́׎ࡦޢϡֽ͔൴ঐ෱֗វᇒ୕۞ᄵೊ͘ڱĄ׍౯఺ᆸຍᙊ ᄃᄮۢޢĂጯϠܮਕ౅࿅൴ଧᔳӣੈिĂซҖͅᖬםથĂࠤҌٯԩٕӎؠ఺ֱ

࡚ጯᄵೊĄጯϠѣਕ˧Ᏼፄ͚޺ߙֱপؠຍᙊԛၗĂٕ۰೩΍߄ጼĄ౅࿅఺ֱ

ᄮۢቚ௫ᄃણᄃё੅ኢ߿જĂጯϠјࠎ׍ѣԲҿޥ҂ਕ˧۞ঐ෱۰Ă่̙҃ߏ Ҋڇٺ࡚ጯጃ˧۞ঐ෱֗វĄ

ኬਕͽ̈́ଳפ၁ᅫᘹఙ౹үҖજ ኬਕͽ̈́ଳפ၁ᅫᘹఙ౹үҖજ ኬਕͽ̈́ଳפ၁ᅫᘹఙ౹үҖજ ኬਕͽ̈́ଳפ၁ᅫᘹఙ౹үҖજ

ጐგĶԲҿّநྋᄃኬਕ—̙ߏᘹఙܑ྿—ߏ VCAEĞෛᛇ̼͛ᘹఙିֈğ

۞͹ࢋϫ۞ķ(Duncum, 2002a, p. 6)ĂҭԧࣇޙᛉĂ࡚ఙኝૅ˯၁Җ۞ෛᛇ͛

̼ࡁտĂᑕྍؼҩזԲҿّޥ҂̝γĄጯϠ˵ᑕྍ౅࿅ᘹఙ౹үĂܑ྿ҋ̎۞

ຍ֍ĄDuncum (2002a) ૻአĂෛᛇ̼͛ᘹఙିֈĶ૟౹үᄃԲҿෛࠎ˘វ׌

ࢬķ(p. 6)Ą΁ᄲځĂĶԲҿّநྋᄃኬਕ౵ዋЪ౅࿅ᇆည౹үֽ൴णĂឰጯ ϠֳצҋҖଣ৶ຍཌྷ۞ҋϤķ(p. 6)ĄЯѩĂࡁտ֭Ᏼፄ߹Җ̼͛үࠎጯϠ۞

၁ۏГன͞ёĂ၆ٺጯϠଂ࡚ఙኝ˯ᒔ଀۞͕଀ᄃநྋĂȈ̶ࢦࢋĄϒт Keifer-BoydăAmburgy ᄃ Knight (2003) ٙ֏ĂĶଂޢன΃ۤົநኢ۞֎ޘ

ֽ࠻Ă౹ౄ˧ᄃԲҿͅ࠷ຍᙊिि࠹ᙯĂ˵ಶߏࢋᄮۢ౹үҖࠎ൴Ϡᄃຍ޽۞

ࡦഀᒖဩķ(pp. 48, 50)Ą߹Җᘹఙ۞൴Ϡࡦഀѣ׎ࢦࢋّĂ҃ͷдຍᙊԛၗ͞

ࢬĂ˵௑ЪጯϠ၆ٺ׎ঐ෱ۏݡ۞ᘹఙّೡᘱĄ

౅࿅д఺ܝෛᛇ̼͛ኝ˯۞ᘹఙ౹үĂጯϠጯ௫Ķͽ၁ኹ۰۞̶ֽ֗ᒢྋ ᘹఙćጯ௫ᘹఙछ۞ޥ҂͞ёķ(Duncum, 2002a, p. 6)Ąϒт Taylor ᄃ

Ballengee-Morris (2003) ڦຍז۞Ă߹Җᘹఙछ۞үݡĂĶ׎ϡຍߏ၆˟Ѩ̂

ጼޢ۞ঐ෱͹ཌྷۤົ೩΍ෞኢᄃԲҿķ(p. 21)ĄಶтТ఺ֱ࿅ـ߹ҖᘹఙछĶֹ

ϡෛᛇ̼͛ᇆညֽԲҿ׎៍ி۞ᆊࣃ៍׶ܫЈķ(p. 21)ĂĶ঻˭Ұ۞О੃ķኝ

˯۞ጯϠ˵ྏဦခᐽ៍ካ΁ࣇ౹ү۞߹Җᘹఙᘱ൪۞៍ிĂ൴೭Тᇹ۞Բҿّ

ޥ҂ਕ˧Ą఺ֱᘱ൪ೡᘱ˞΁ࣇଂԲҿ֎ޘޥ҂۞ঐ෱ۏݡĄдጯϠ߄Ᏼ߹Җ

̼͛ۏݡүࠎ౹ү̰ट۞࿅඀̚ĂጯϠͽᘹఙछ۞̶֗Ăޥ҂֭౹үҋ̎۞ᘹ ఙݡĂТॡ˵Բҿ఺ֱঐ෱͹ཌྷຍᙊԛၗĄϒт߹Җᘹఙछ˘ᇹĂ఺ֱጯϠĶଣ

੅˞઼࡚̼͛၆ٺ࣎ˠᄃۤົᆸࢬ۞ᇆᜩķ(p. 21)Ą

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

ඕኢ

ඕኢ ඕኢ ඕኢ

Chapman (2003) അᓏჍĂෛᛇ̼͛۞ϫ۞ߏĶ೩چጯϠ࣎ˠෞᆊ࡚ጯԛ

ё۞ࢦࢋّ۞ਕ˧ķ(p. 233)Ă֭ͷĶֹ଀ຏۢ۞࿅඀Հ׍ҋԧຍᙊ׶ᆶຕķ (p. 236)Ąд఺࣎޺ᜈዎצಫវ᜛ࠓă·ϋ඾൑ຍཌྷۏኳঐ෱Җࠎ۞͵ࠧ྆Ă

ෛᛇ̼͛ࡁտд࡚ఙኝૅ˯۞ϫᇾĂߏିጱጯϠтңଂလѐරёྤώ͹ཌྷ็ᇫ

֗˯Ăٵ˭࡚ጯ೚ॆ۞ࢬ׍Ăᄮ୻׶ԲҿّгםથĂᔳᖟ׎̚ͷ૱ឰˠͅຏ۞

ຍᙊԛၗĄ

тώ͛ٙࢗĂԧࣇΞͽ͔ጱᖚ݈ᘹఙିरᒢྋĂࠎңᑕྍ૟ෛᛇ̼͛ࡁտ ፋЪҌ΁ࣇ۞ኝ඀༊̚Ăͽ̈́ѣड़ፋЪ۞͞ёĄZoe ఺Ҝᖚ݈ᘹఙିरॲፂҋ

̎၆ٺ఺ֱநኢ۞ᒢྋĂ૟ෛᛇ̼࡚͛ఙኝ඀ፋЪҌ k-12 ࡚ఙኝ඀̚Ąс۞

၁ኹඉரͅߍ΍˘୧ᔙШĞያܕğෛᛇ̼͛நኢ۞྽ྮĄс۞ጯϠ͚޺ͷវរ זᘹఙؠཌྷ۞ᕖ·Ă૟߹Җ̼͛ঐ෱ۏݡৼˢ੅ኢቑᘞĄ΁ࣇ̶ژ఺ֱᆸᆸ࡚

ጯγܑ˭ٙᔳᖟ۞ຍᙊԛၗĂ֭ଣ৶ᄃ఺ֱۏݡ۞߹఼ѣᙯ۞পᝋᄃᑅ࢝۞ୃ

ְĄ΁ࣇࡁտ఺ֱঐ෱ۏݡࠎ׎ᛸ૲۰׶ଯᇃ۰ٙ็྿۞ᔳӣੈिĂ҃఺׌჌

̶֗ౌјࠎຍᙊԛၗ۞ྶវĄ΁ࣇ඾ࢦᄮۢᑭរĂ֭ԩ١ྏဦ͔൴׎ঐ෱֗វ ᇒ୕۞࡚ጯᄵೊĄТॡĂ΁ࣇֹϡ߹Җᘹఙ͘ڱֽೡᘱҋ̎߄Ᏼ۞ঐ෱ۏݡĂ ඈٺߏܑ྿̙ᙸజજତצঐ෱͹ཌྷ۞ຍᙊԛၗ۞ᑅ࢝Ą఺ֱ߹Җᘹఙ౹ү۞ϫ

۞ߏᕖ̂׎ٯԩ۞ᇆᜩቑಛĂ֭д׎ᘹఙ៍ிཏ༊̚Ă็ᇫ၆ঐ෱͹ཌྷ۞ԲҿĄ тѩ˘ֽĂጯϠϞྋ˞૟΁ࣇஂ՟׎̚ă൑̙ٙд۞ঐ෱͹ཌྷෛᛇ̼͛ᜦ ᝋĂ΁ࣇ่̙ͽ࣎ˠ̶֗ٯԩĂТॡՀ౅࿅ҋ̎۞ෛᛇᘹఙ౹үֽԲҿன̫ෛ

ᛇ̼͛ĂШՀᇃ̂۞͵ࠧәᜩٯԩ۞ཱི֎Ą

ᘹఙିֈ۞ෛᛇ͛

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