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第 2 型糖尿病患者攝取高量膳食纖維對其血脂肪的 影響

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2 型糖尿病患者攝取高量膳食纖維對其血脂肪的 影響

由於第 2 型糖尿病患者罹患冠心症的比例較一般健康者高,其原因與糖尿病患者的血脂 質容易異常有非常大的關係。而膳食纖維在許多研究中已被指出,具有延緩第 2 型糖尿 病患者血糖上升、改善血脂質的效果,進而可以有預防或治療冠心症的發生。因此美國 糖尿病協會( American Diabetes Association ; ADA )建議糖尿病患者每日應攝取 20-3 5 公克的膳食纖維,尤其是全榖類、蔬菜類及水果類等複雜型碳水化合物的食物來源。

然而隨著飲食習慣與型態的改變,國人的膳食纖維攝取量普遍低於建議量 ( 平均每日粗 纖維攝取量為 6.1 公克,約等於 18 公克的膳食纖維 ) 。

研究目的以飲食中添加米麩的方式,增加第 2 型糖尿病患者膳食纖維的攝取量,進而了 解其對患者血脂質的影響。本研究共分為 2 個部分,為期 4 週(第一部分)和為期 12 週(第二部分)的飲食介入實驗,受試者在實驗期間每日增加食用 20 公克米麩,且每 天仍持續服用藥物且不改變藥量。結果共分別招募 11 位、 6 位的第 2 型糖尿病的受試 者。收集受試者第 0 週、 第 4 週(第一部分)及第 12 週(第二部分)之空腹靜脈血及 餐後第 30 、 60 、 90 、 120 及 180 分鐘餐後靜脈血。研究顯示:受試者在攝取米麩後

,第一部分(為期 4 週)男性受試者血漿中總膽固醇、三酸甘油酯、低密度脂蛋白膽固 醇、 apo A1 及 apo B 皆有下降的趨勢,分別下降 3.2% 、 17.8% 、 3.8% 、 17.0% 及 8.

0% ;而女性受試者血漿中低密度脂蛋白膽固醇、 apo A1 及 apo B 也有下降的趨勢,分 別下降 5.2% 、 25.2% 及 22.9% ,其中 apo A1 在實驗前後有統計上的差異( p < 0.0 5 )。第二部分(為期 12 週)不論男女性受試者血漿中總膽固醇、三酸甘油酯、高密 度脂蛋白膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇、 apo A1 及 apo B 皆有下降的趨勢,分別下降 2 .5% 、 4.5% 、 12% 、 15.5% 、 8.1 及 17.7% 。由以上結果可知,增加第 2 型糖尿病患 者膳食纖維的攝取,確實會使血漿中的血脂質有下降的趨勢,進而達到降低冠心症的發 生率。

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Effects of high dietary fiber intake on plasma lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients

Type 2 diabetic patients are at higher risk of coronary heart disease than health people, because of their abn ormal blood lipids. Many studies have shown a beneficial effect of dietary fiber from delaying glycemic rai se and improving blood lipids in type 2 diabetic patients, furthermore preventing and treating the coronary heart disease. Therefore the American Diabetes Association ( ADA ) recommends diabetic patients to in take 20 to 35 grams dietary fiber per day, especially increasing consuming the complex carbohydrate sourc e from whole grains, vegetables and fruits. However, following the change of dietary habit and lifestyle, th e really dietary fiber consumption in Taiwan is lower than recommend, the average crude fiber consumptio n is only 6.1 g/day (it is about 18 gram of dietary fiber).

The aims of the study were to investigate the effect of rice bran intake on plasma lipid profile in type 2 dia

betic patients. Study was divided into two parts-4 weeks dietary intervention ( the first part ) and 12 we

eks dietary intervention ( the second part ) , subjects were given 20 grams of rice bran per day and woul

d not change the medicine doses in this period . A total of 11 ( the first part ) and 6 ( the second par

t ) subjects, venous blood samples were collected from subjects during the fasting and the time point of 3

0, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after breakfast at week 0, 4 (the first part) and at week 0, 12 (the second par

t). The levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , ap

olipoprotein AI ( apo AI ) and apolipoprotein B ( apo B ) in first part male subjects had decreased b

y 3.2%, 17.8%, 3.8%, 17.0% and 8.0%. And the levels of plasma LDL-C, apo AI, apo B in female subjects

had decreased by 5.2% 、 25.2% and 22.9% respectively. Apo AI was significantly decrease ( p < 0.0

5 )。 The levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, apo AI and apo B levels in all

second part subjects had decreased by 2.5%, 4.5%, 12%, 15.5%, 8.1% and 17.7% respectively. As the resul

ts that increased consumption of dietary fiber in type 2 diabetic patients could decrease the plasma lipid pr

ofile, with a risk reduction for coronary heart disease.

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