國際國營油氣公司自主經營彈性之必要
The Necessity of International State-owned Oil and Gas Companies Independently and Flexibly Operate
與談稿 東華大學公共行政學系教授 朱景鵬
國際國營油氣公司 經營管理研討會
時間：2014年9月5日(星期五) 1330~1500
地點：福華國際文教會館前瞻廳
(臺北市大安區新生南路3段30號)
• The Empowerment Needed in Managing NOCs, by Dr David Parkinson
1. a comparative study of dozens of NOCs in different countries
2. Excellent points: 5 models of institution, and 8 dimensions of empowerment
從國際比較中，分類、整理出各國油氣公司5種 不同經營模式，並且提出8種授能管理的面向
• US-Styled reinventing government
• CPC Privatization as Means of
Managerial Autonomy, by Professor Wu
1. Focus on the NPM-styled reform, especially the Privatization
approach, a interesting contrast to Parkinson’s report
2. That is: no privatization, no management autonomy and efficiency and effectiveness
聚焦於英國民營化歷程，而我國中 油可借鏡其路徑，否則很難提 升管理營運效率
我國當下國營公司制度 面問題
Institutional Problems of State-owned Companies in Taiwan
法規的限制
Limitations of Law and Regulation
多項政策任務及政策負擔
Multiple Policy Missions and PolicyLoadings
未充分適度處理國營事業之定位
Not Fully Appropriately Understand thePosition of State-owned Companies
國營事業之定位議題(1)
Issues of the Position of State-owned Companies(1)
• 國營事業除追求經濟性利益之外，仍宜
兼及政治、社會性利益
• In addition to state-owned enterprises pursue economic interests, there should concurrently include political, social benefits
• 國營事業宜否成立基金會，讓部分營收
不用繳回國庫，透過基金會來提供社會 服務
• Whether state-owned enterprises should set up the foundation or not, so that part of the revenues may not be returned to the
Treasury. Otherwise, through the Foundation, they can provide social services
• 國營事業無法兼顧績效跟社會責任這兩
項政策目標。
• State-owned enterprises fail to take into account the performance and social
responsibility of these two policy goals.
1
•推動鬆綁 Promote deregulation
2
•建立績效評鑑 Build
Performance Evaluation
3
•退場機制 Build Exit mechanism
4
•可否進行切割Whether can be split or not
國營事業背負包括法 律、政策、輿論、關 說、政治力等問題。
State-owned enterprises bear legal, policy, public opinion, lobbying, political
forces and other issues.
關鍵在於如何把 這些問題解除或 是負擔鬆綁。
The key lies in how these problems are
solved or the burdens are deregulated.
自主營運與彈性 管理要有合理的
資產重估。
Automatic operations management and
flexibility need to have a reasonable
asset revaluation.
國營事業之定位議題(2)
Issues of the Position of State-owned Companies(2)
影響經營的重要因素是費率的問題，油價要依公式訂價。
Business is an important factor affecting the rate of the problem, and the oil price should follow the formula.
經營決策都要經過主管機關核定，造成決策流程冗長，無 法即時掌握商機。
Business decisions are made by the authority, resulting in a lengthy decision-making process, can not immediately grasp the opportunities.
財務部份要送去立法院審核，都要受層層監督。
What sent to the Legislative Yuan to review the financial part is subject to layers of supervision.
用人的選擇及評選機制必須完全公開。
Personnel selection and selection mechanisms must be fully open.
國營油氣公司管理面問題(1)
Management Problems of State-owned Oil and Gas Companies (1)
Current Future
1.製程老舊效率低；設備更新受制；替代土 地取得不易；國營事業體制決策流程冗長
，對應市場變動彈性較差。
The production process is old and low
efficiency, restricted upgrading equipment ; difficult obtain of the alternative land;
lengthy decision-making process of state- owned enterprises, and less flexible
corresponding changes in the market.
2.受限政策任務，油品價格不利市場自由競 爭
In result of restricted policy missions, oil prices are disadvantageous to free market competition
3.人員轉任事業支領高薪等議題，造成社會 不良觀感。
Staff who transfer to the other business have high salaries, and that result in adverse social perception
1.國營事業的調整方式，是政策性任務 解除、法規鬆綁、釋出股權、賦予董 事會職權。
The adjustable ways of state-owned enterprises are the tasks of lifting the policy, deregulation, release equity, and giving the board powers
2.未及修法前，有無方法使其可以協 調中油企業化經營，提高效率、盈餘 Before not amending the law, whether
the alternatives makes it possible to coordinate enterprise management, improve efficiency and earnings of China Petroleum Company.
國營油氣公司管理面問題(2)
Management Problems of State-owned Oil and Gas Companies (2)
國營油氣公司管理面問題(3)
Management Problems of State-owned Oil and Gas Companies (3)
• 民營化或是授能管理成功關鍵就是在於員工
• The keys of privatization or empowering management lies in staff attitudes.
員工溝通 Employee Communication
• 績效因子考慮進去，浮動油價機制會更加健全。
• Taking performance factors into account, the floating oil price mechanism will be more robust.
績效因子 Performance
Factor
• 讓國外產品進入國內競爭，消費者就會選擇對象
• Allow foreign products to enter the domestic competition, and consumers will select the object
引進競爭機制 The introduction of
competition mechanism
國營油氣公司未來變革之展望(1)
Looking to the future reform of the state-owned oil and gas company (1)
順 利 轉 型
Successful Transformation
統整問題清單
Integration all questions
長中短期的目標定位
Goal positions of short-, medium- and long term
有效回應
Effective response
配套得宜
Proper alignment
「石油管理 法」實施，
我國邁入油 品自由化。
The
implementation of "Petroleum
Management Law“ helps the oil liberalization
in Taiwan
設置「公 用事業費 率審議委 員會」之 機制。
To set up mechanism
of “Public Utility Rates Committee"
政府應讓營運有盈 餘繳庫，讓政府有 資金可以貼補弱勢 團體、回饋消費者 或優惠大眾交通運
輸業者。
Government should return the operating
surplus to the Treasury, so that government funds can
subsidize
disadvantaged groups, feedback consumer or
favor public transport operators
公司內部有責 任建立周邊制 度，以平衡計 分卡方式制定 各單位經營目
標。
The company has the responsibility to
establish internal evaluation system.
By the balanced scorecard approach, we can
develop business objectives of each
unit
國營油氣公司未來變革之展望(3)
Looking to the future reform of the state-owned oil and gas company (3)
結論 Conclusion
國營事業的經 營方面，受到 很多政策性的 因素，甚至於 很多的政治因 素的影響，影
響很大。
Business of state- owned enterprises is
influenced by many policy-related factors,
and even a lot of political factors, which
yield much influence.
效率與彈性這部 分，整個法令沒 辦法跟上鬆綁，
經營績效就無法 跟著去提升。
For efficiency and flexibility law fails to keep
up the pace of the deregulation, to which
management
performance will not be enhanced.
整個政治系絡環 境跟經營環境，
還要有可能前瞻 性的元素要去做
處理。
For overall political and business environment,
we need to include forward-looking elements to implement
