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100.1 材料熱力學 100.11.10

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100.1 材料熱力學 100.11.10

一、設 2.3atm 及 100℃時蒸發 A 及 B 兩成分混合形成非理想溶液,已知 y

A

=0.681,x

A

=0.753。100℃時其飽和蒸氣壓各為 950 及 1143Torr。試計算 A、B 之活性 R 即(1)

aA 、(2)aB;與 A、B 之活性係數即(3)γA;及(4)γB SOL:P

A

=y

A

×P=0.681 ×760×2.3 Torr=1190 Torr;

P

A

*=950 Torr;P

B

=1143 Torr

∵P

B

=P-P

A

=760×2.3-1190=558Torr

(1)aA=P

A

/ P

A

= 1190/950=1.25

(2)γA=aA/ x

A

=1.25 / 0.753=1.66

(3)aB=P

B

/ P

B

*= 558/1143=0.488

(4)γB=aB/ x

B

=0.488/ (1-0.753)=1.98

二、以 750 g 的水[其 K

f

=1.86(K.kg/mol)],溶解 37.8 g 的 CaCl

2

,(Ca=40,Cl=35.5)。

若實驗觀察到凝固點降低 3.15℃,試計算此溶質的活性係數 。 SOL:750g=0.75kg,CaCl

2

=40+35.5×2=111

△T

f

=γ× K

f

× m

B

3.15=γ×1.86×{[37.8×3/111]/0.75}→γ=1.24

參考文獻

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