Graduate Institute of Taiwan Literature College of Liberal Arts
National Taiwan University Master Thesis
：
Provincial Images and Generational Games:
Representations of the White Terror in A Brighter Summer Day, Super Citizen Ko, and Detention
Bart Christiaan Dashorst
Advisor: Li Hsuan Chang, Ph.D.
108 7
July 2019
” 1991
1995 2017
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English Abstract
This thesis analyzes representations of the White Terror in three texts: Edward Yang's 1991 A Brighter Summer Day, Wan Jen's 1995 Super Citizen Ko, and Red Candle's 2017 Detention. By analyzing these three texts, this thesis re-examines the 1990s and makes a comparison with the 2010s, arguing that many of the social issues of Taiwan in the 2010s have been caused by the 1990s.
The textual analysis uses "province of birth" and "generation" as it main principles, pointing out that the two texts from the 1990s both reflect relations between people from different provinces that was at the back of the political and economic transformation at the time: A Brighter Summer Day takes refugees from China's feeling of crisis of being marginalized in the 1990s and projects this on second generation children of refugees in the 1960s; Super Citizen Ko instead tries to overcome the opposition between people from different provinces and the simplified discourse of victims and victimizers this has brought along. These two chapters use the concepts of the postmodern and postcolonial to frame the analysis, to explore how Taiwanese intellectuals understood the transformation that Taiwan experienced, as well as how Taiwan's location in the system of global capitalism was changing. Arriving at the new generation's Detention in the 2010s, province of birth is no longer a conceptual category of the new generation, as the new generation considers their identity in terms of identifying with Taiwan instead, and the growing multitude of materials related to the White Terror, influenced how the new generation that has not experienced the White Terror themselves represents this history.
This thesis points out that the transformations that were initiated in the 1990s and had relations between people of different provinces of birth as a driving force, led to Taiwan entering the trap of neoliberal economic deterioration, influencing Taiwan's development for the past twenty years. However, when Taiwan has already fully entered the system of neoliberalism, Detention successfully tells Taiwan's story to Taiwan and the rest of the world, to some extent responding to calls for transitional justice.
Keywords: White Terror, cinema, digital games, postmodern, postcolonial
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1 Lo 14 The
News Lens 2017 12 5 」 https://www.thenewslens.com/article/84823
2 228 2018 2 23 」
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3 2018 3 2 」 https://www.facebook.com/GongSheng228/
4 2018 3 2 」
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5 〈 2018 3 2 」
http://228memorialmuseum.gov.taipei/ct.asp?xItem=1651473&ctNode=38985&mp=11900A
6 2018 3 2 」
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8 1995
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http://www.goldenhorse.org.tw/awards/nw/?serach_type=award&sc=8&search_regist_year=1991&ins=2 3 14 The Criterion Collection, "Restoration Spotlight: A Brighter Summer Day", Current (August 8, 2016).
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〇
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19 20
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25 1949-1994 1998 255-296
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45 Fredric Jameson, "Postmodernism and Consumer Society".
46 Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism.
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48 Aijaz Ahmad, "Jameson's Rhetoric of Otherness and the 'National Allegory'", Social Text 17 (Autumn, 1987), 3-25.
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55 Kline et al., Digital Play, 37-41.
56 Kline et al., Digital Play, 42-46.
57 Kline et al., Digital Play, 53-57.
58 Kline et al., Digital Play, 58-59.
59 Kline et al., Digital Play, 74. "The 'ideal commodity form' embodies the most powerful economic, technological, social, and cultural forces at work in a regime. Such a commodity tends to 'reflect the whole social organization of capitalism at any historical and geographical point in its development.'"
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67 Michael Berry, "Edward Yang: Luckily Unlucky", Speaking in Images: Interviews with Contemporary Chinese Filmmakers (New York: Colombia University Press, 2005), 273.
68 Chris Berry and Feii Lu, "Introduction", Chris Berry and Feii Lu eds., Island on the Edge: Taiwan New Cinema and After (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2005), 5-6.
69 Tonglin Lu, "Taiwan New Cinema and Its Legacy", Song Hwee Lim, Julian Ward eds., The Chinese Cinema Book (Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), 122-124.
70 Berry and Lu, "Introduction", 6.
71 Lu, "Taiwan New Cinema and Its Legacy", 122-123.
72 John Anderson, Edward Yang (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2005), 102-3.
73 2014
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75 Emilie Yueh-yu Yeh, "American Popular Music and Neocolonialism in the Films of Edward Yang", See-Kam Tan, Peter X. Feng, Gina Marchetti eds., Chinese Connections: Critical Perspectives on Film, Identity, and Diaspora (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2009), 82-94.
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Mythologizing Its Own Closure: Edward Yang's A Brighter Summer Day", Chris Berry and Feii Lu eds., Island on the Edge: Taiwan New Cinema and After (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2005), 67-78.
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87 Ju, Jane C., "The Palace Museum as Representation of Culture: Exhibitions and Canons of Chinese Art History," in
2003
88 Jameson, "Postmodernism and Consumer Society".
89 Sung-sheng Yvonne Chang
〇 〇
Chang, Yvonne Sung-sheng, Modernism and Nativist Resistance: Contemporary Chinese Fictions from Taiwan (Durham: Duke University Press, 1993), 1-20.
90
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93 Chang, Modernism and Nativist Resistance, 148 1960
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109 Chu Chi-Jung, "Political Change and the National Museum in Taiwan", Simon Knell, Peter Amundsen, Ame Bugge eds., National Museums: New Studies from around the World (London and New York:
Routledge, 2011); Joseph Allen, "Display in the City", Taipei: City of Displacements (Seattle: University
of Washington Press, 2012). 1999
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111
》 1990
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》
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111 Sylvia Li-Chun Lin, Representing Atrocity in Taiwan: The 2/28 Incident and White Terror in Fiction and Film (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), 170-171.
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∕
》 1998 》
"Projecting Taiwan's Urbanization" 78-93
114 》 5 2
2008 107
115 》 107-115
116 》 121-131
3-19 3-20
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1990
〇 Wu Nai-tei
clientelism
patron client
117
118
〇 〇
》
『 7 7
3-21 3-22
117 Wu Nai-tei, The Politics of a Regime Patronage System: Mobilization and Control within an Authoritarian Regime, Ph.D. dissertation (University of Chicago, unpublished), 16-23.
118 Wu Nai-tei, The Politics of a Regime Patronage System, 359-363.
“ 7 亂
7 3-23
1990
【 3-24
3-21 3-22
3-23 3-24
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125 33
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128 〈 〇 68-69
129 Chen Kuan-hsing, Asia as Method: Toward Deimperialization (Durham, NC: Duke University Press,
2010), 48-52. 2000 2008
1990
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130 55-56
》
… Chen Hsiang-chun
… … 131
…
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131Chen Hsiang-chun, "Beyond Commemoration: the 2-28 Incident, the Aesthetics of Trauma and Sexual Difference", Ph.D. dissertation (University of Leeds, 2005).
132 56
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136 》
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142 1990
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139 140 141
142 "Projecting Taiwan's Urbanization: Class, Gender, and History in Wan Jen's Films"
…
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〇
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143 Arif Dirlik, "The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism", Critical Inquiry Vol. 20, No. 2 (Winter, 1994), 328-356.
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” ” 2017 1 12 」
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144
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146
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149
144 Brian Hioe, "Interview: Detention ( )", New Bloom (February 22, 2017).
https://newbloommag.net/2017/02/22/interview-detention-game/
145 」 4GAMERS 2018
1 13 」 https://www.4gamers.com.tw/news/detail/34142/red-candle-games-released-detention- ex-viedo
146 2017 12 21
」 https://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/154768/post/201712210008/
147 "You don’t need to know anything about the specifics of the period or the place, partly because there are universal elements to this particular form of control, but also because Detention’s writing is strong enough to present necessary information clearly, even when it’s not quite clear what is real and what is imagined. This, you see, is a game that is concerned with the history and politics it represents, but that uses them as the scaffolding around a personal nightmare." Smith, "Wot I Think".
148 ”
2017 1 18 」 https://buzzorange.com/2017/01/18/analyzing-detention/
149
The News Lens 2019 3 11 」
1990
1990
」
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7 7
150
》 151
1990
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152
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155 亂
https://www.thenewslens.com/article/115178
The News Lens 2019 3 11 」
https://www.thenewslens.com/article/115181
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159
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158 / 1992 06 ~2018 12
2019 1 28 」 https://esc.nccu.edu.tw/app/news.php?Sn=166
159 Tanguy Lepesant, "Taiwanese Youth Under Ma Ying-jeou", Bruce Jacobs and Peter Kang eds., Changing Taiwanese Identities (Oxon and New York: Routledge, 2018), 82-83.
160 〈
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161 Dafydd Fell, "Social Movements in Taiwan After 2008: From the Strawberries to the Sunflowers and Beyond", Dafydd Fell ed., Taiwan's Social Movements Under Ma Ying-jeou: From the Wild Strawberries to the Sunflowers (Oxon and New York, Routledge: 2017), 2-3.
162 2015 17
163 Newzoo 2018
newtalk 2018 7 17 」 https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2018-07-17/131749
164 〈
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https://kopu.chat/2018/07/30/game-industry-inverview/
166 Lynn
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http://eportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/~4980Q055/wiki/index.php/%E8%85%B3%E5%B0%BE%E9%A3%AF
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178 Kline et al., Digital Play, 19.
179
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〈 1960
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〇
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〇
1990
〇 2010
〈1990 》
”
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》
1960 181
180 - 1906-1944 2019 6 18
」
http://cloud.hakka.gov.tw/details?p=%203716
181 》 107-115
VICE
Due to our ongoing war with mainland China 〈
182
…
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183
ideal commodity
〇 184
182 Gino Grieco, "Even the Bleakest Horror Games End More Hopefully than 'Detention' Does", VICE (January 4, 2018). https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/bjyvbd/detention-horror-taiwan-white-terror
〈 ”
183 ”
2018 7 3 」 https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2018/07/03/detention-supported- oversea/
〈1966
2015 12 1 」
https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/1525576
」 」
184 Kline et al., Digital Play, 74-75.
2019 2 19 」 Steam
7
2 7 185
Steam review bomb 186 Steam
187
〈 188
189
190
Steam
185 2019 2
23 」
https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2019/02/23/devotion-xi-angry/
186 Owen S. Good, "Taiwanese game mocks Chinese president, and Chinese gamers review bomb it", Polygon (February 24, 2019). https://www.polygon.com/2019/2/24/18238752/review-bomb-steam- devotion-chinese-president-winnie-the-pooh
187 Steam newtalk 2019 3
16 」 https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2019-03-16/220809
188 〇 〇 2019
2 26 」 https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2019/02/26/devotion/
189 100%
2019 2 25 」 https://buzzorange.com/2019/02/25/the-devotion-investor-is- from-china-funds/
190 Brian Hioe, "Devotion Pulled from Online Sales After Controversy Regarding Xi Reference", New Bloom (February 26, 2019). https://newbloommag.net/2019/02/26/devotion-pulled-sales/
2017 〈 191
〈
7 」 九 ／ 7
7 7 〇
》 192
… 〈
191
192 ”
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2017
1990 2010 ”
”
1990 ”
》 ”
1990 2010
” 》
1990
─ 〇
〇
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1991
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〇 》
〇
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》 …
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、
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〇
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》 》
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1990
》
〈
〈
〈
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》
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〈 〇
1990
1990
〇
【
1990 〇 〇
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”
》
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〈
〈1990
〈
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…
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〈
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〈 》
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》
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〇
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2002
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1995
1995
25 5 1996 47-57
– 》 》 1992
… 〇
1992 77-97
1995
》
1995 277-326
1950-1969 1998
1995
1230 2004
1967
1983
〇 〇
2019 2 26 」
https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2019/02/26/devotion/
100%
2019 2 25 」
https://buzzorange.com/2019/02/25/the-devotion-investor-is-from-china-funds/
2018 3 2 」
https://www.facebook.com/GongSheng228/
2015 12 1
」
https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/1525576
2019 2 23 」
https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2019/02/23/devotion-xi-angry/
”
2018 7 3 」
https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2018/07/03/detention-supported-oversea/
4980Q055 2019 6 11 」
http://eportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/~4980Q055/wiki/index.php/%E8%85%B3%E5%B0%B E%E9%A3%AF%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9
3 ”
2016 12 10 」
https://www.president.gov.tw/NEWS/20954
2018 3 7 」
http://www.228.org.tw/288_redress.html
〈 2018 3 2 」
http://228memorialmuseum.gov.taipei/ct.asp?xItem=1651473&ctNode=38985&mp=11 900A
28 1991 2018 3 6 」
http://www.goldenhorse.org.tw/awards/nw/?serach_type=award&sc=8&search_regist_y ear=1991&ins=23
2018 3 2 」
https://www.chiayi.gov.tw/web/civil/228/monument.asp
2018 3 2 」
https://www.nhrm.gov.tw/Archive?uid=4
The News Lens 2019 3 11 」
https://www.thenewslens.com/article/115178
The News Lens 2019 3 11 」
https://www.thenewslens.com/article/115181
- 1906-1944
2019 6 18 」
http://cloud.hakka.gov.tw/details?p=%203716
2005 06 10 」
https://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/21477
2017
12 21 」
https://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/154768/post/201712210008/
/ 1992 06
~2018 12 2019 1 28 」
https://esc.nccu.edu.tw/app/news.php?Sn=166
30
2017 9 27 」
https://www.moc.gov.tw/information_250_70239.html
2018 2 28 」
https://udn.com/news/story/6656/3004684
」
4GAMERS 2018 1 13 」
https://www.4gamers.com.tw/news/detail/34142/red-candle-games-released-detention- ex-viedo
”
2017 1 16 」
http://www.storm.mg/article/213584
Steam newtalk
2019 3 16 」
https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2019-03-16/220809
228 2018 2
23 」
http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/paper/1178466
2019 6 12 」
https://www.ht.org.tw/religion207.htm
」
2018 3 1 」
http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2352475
2018 3 7 」
http://www.nylon.org.tw/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8&Ite mid=6
Newzoo 2018
newtalk 2018 7 17 」
https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2018-07-17/131749
”
2017 1 18 」
https://buzzorange.com/2017/01/18/analyzing-detention/
Lo 14
The News Lens 2017 12 5 」
https://www.thenewslens.com/article/84823
Lynn
( ) 2018 7 26 」
https://kopu.chat/2018/07/26/game-industry/
( )
2018 7 30 」
https://kopu.chat/2018/07/30/game-industry-inverview/
