壹、緒論
近年來國人看電視、上網的時間竄升，身體活動量卻因科技發達及生活型 態的轉變而逐漸下滑，少動多吃的生活型態造就了許多肥胖的學生。現代人吃的 過多及運動量過少造成營養過剩，容易引起心血管疾病如高血壓、中風….等， 但只要適度參與規律性有氧運動，或可有效的控制心血管疾病的危險因子，增加 高密度脂蛋白膽固醇 (high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C) ，促 使 三 酸 甘 油 酯 (triglyceride, TG) 、 低 密 度 脂 蛋 白 膽 固 醇 (low density lipoprotein, LDL-C) 、總膽固醇 (total cholesterol, TC) 與 HDL-C 之比值 (TC/HDL-C) 下降，對血脂值產生正面的效果。運動訓練對肥胖者的效果，部份 研究指出可以有效減輕體重 (Mayo, Grantham & Balasekaran, 2003)，但亦有 研究指出，運動訓練並不能使體重或體脂肪百分比下降 (Grundy 等, 1999； Motoyama 等, 1998)，但大部份的研究結果較支持運動訓練可使體脂肪百分比下 降(Mayo 等, 2003；DeStefano, Caprio, Fahey, Tamborlane & Goldberg, 2000)。
運動可以增加能量消耗，而減少能量的攝取卻必需從飲食控制著手，大約只 有 50%的研究支持運動訓練可降低體重，但幾乎所有飲食控制方面的研究都支持 可以使體重下降，但是運動可提高心肺耐力，飲食控制卻沒有此效果，短期的運 動訓練（三個月內）對降體重的效果並不顯著，反而是飲食控制的效果較佳，但 長期的體重控制計畫若只靠飲食控制是不健康的，若能配合運動可使體重控制的 效果更好及預防復胖發生 (Jakicic & Gallagher, 2003；陳元和、林正常，2001； Hagberg, Park & Brown, 2000；Kamel, McNeill & Wijk, 2000)。超過三個月 以上的運動訓練可以有效降低血壓，包括收縮壓約 10mmHg、舒張壓 5mmHg 以上， 在文獻上是得到支持 (Grundy 等, 1999；Motoyama 等, 1998)。而運動訓練介入 對 心 肺 功 能 的 提 升 ， 大 致 獲 得 研 究 的 支 持 (Mandigout, Lecoq, Courteix, Guenon & Obert, 2001；DeStefano 等, 2000)。
過去有關運動介入對血液中 TG 值的影響並不一致，雖然有學者指出，長期 規律的運動可以使 TG 值下降 (Suzuki, Yamada, Sugiura, Kawakami & Shimizu, 1998)，但亦有研究指出，運動介入無法改變 TG 值 (Tolfrey, Campbell & Batterham, 1998)。Rimmer & Looney (1997) 指出有氧性運動訓練後發現 TC 值 顯著下降，也有研究支持這個結果 (Mougios 等, 1998)；但 Tolfrey 等(1998) 卻 指出十二週的有氧運動訓練不能使 TC 值顯著下降，也有研究支持這個結果 (El-Sayed & Rattu, 1996)。
貳、研究方法
一、研究對象
性所致。但只有中、低強度運動會增加 Insulin 的敏感性而降低 Insulin 濃度， 高強度運動（最大攝氧量 70%以上），反而會降低 Insulin 敏感度，且訓練中止後 一段時間，Insulin 的敏感性會有恢復的現象。Gaesser (1999) 指出運動訓練並 不一定會造成體重的下降，但針對肥胖者做運動訓練及飲食介入將有效改善其 Insulin 的敏感性。本研究運動訓練介入已有效改善 Insulin 的敏感性，且使安 靜時 Insulin 濃度下降。
肆、結論
本研究所獲得結論如下： 運動訓練可改善腰圍、增加攝氧量，並對血脂有改善效果和降低 Insulin， 這樣的改善效果有助於心血管疾病、糖尿病及肥胖的預防。參考文獻
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Effects of Exercise Training on Visceral Fat in Overweight
University Students
Lin, Jui-Hsing
1、Lai, Ying-Fan
1、Teng, Wen-Bao
2National Ping-Tung University of Education
1Ping-Tung Christian Hospital
2ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks exercise training on visceral fat in overweight university students. Twenty-four untrained healthy students and BMI >24 were recruited as subjects from the National Ping Tung University of education and randomly assigned to two groups. The exercise training group (Group E) were asked to perform 3 days per week, duration increased from 20 to 45 minutes gradually each session at 70% of V‧O2peak of bicycle exercise. Control group
(Group C) were asked to maintain their habitual lifestyle throughout the whole period of the study. All subjects underwent the following measurements: weight(WT), body mass index(BMI), percent body fat(PBF) by underwater weight, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT) and total abdominal fat(TAF) assessment by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), rest heart rate, rest blood pressure, V‧O2peak, and
blood lipid profiles such as TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and Insulin were evaluated before and after 12 weeks exercise training. The data were analyzed by one-way ANCOVA to examine any changes after the training. The statistical significance was determined at the .05 level. The results showed that there were significant improvement in weist, V‧O2peak, HDL-C, and Insulin in Group E after
12 weeks exercise training. We concluded that exercise training may reduce body fat, increase oxygen comsumption, lower blood lipids and insulin. The results could decreased the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabete, and obesity.
