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永磁同步馬達之電磁場分析與控制實驗規劃 吳育澤、陳盛基,葉競榮

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永磁同步馬達之電磁場分析與控制實驗規劃 吳育澤、陳盛基,葉競榮

E-mail: 319786@mail.dyu.edu.tw

摘 要

近年來,永磁同步馬達(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, PMSM)在轉速控制的應用場合中已漸漸占有一席之地。其 驅動方式一般採用六步方波驅動、弦波脈波寬度調變或空間向量脈波寬度調變。使用六步方波驅動永磁同步馬達可具有低 切換損失以及不需精確的轉子位置回授等優點,但伴隨而來的是具有較大的轉矩漣波。若使用弦波脈波寬度調變驅動可獲 得較小的轉矩漣波,但弦波脈波寬度調變驅動需要更為精確的轉子位置。空間向量脈波寬調變的工作原理是利用三 相PWM換流器的基本電壓向量來合成所需的定子電壓向量,而此定子電壓向量在定子線圈上作用產生旋轉的定子磁通向 量,再與轉子磁通相互作用產生轉矩使馬達旋轉。空間向量脈波寬度調變的諧波電流明顯比弦波脈波寬度調變小而分散,

因此諧波損耗明顯較少,轉矩漣波也較小。並藉由合理安排000與111狀態的分配,以六個非零向量加上兩個零向量合成為 圓形軌跡的電壓向量控制信號,同時可減少功率元件的開關次數與提升電壓利用率。 本研究針對永磁同步馬達進行電磁場 分析與控制實驗的規劃。以TI TMS320 F2812數位訊號處理器(DSP)為控制器核心,搭配VisSim/ECD DSP快速發展系統完 成嵌入式控制器實驗,並使用有限元素分析軟體JMAG進行馬達模型之有限元素分析與磁路模擬,將其模擬結果作為整個 控制實驗規劃之參考依據。 最後,將模擬結果與實際量測之波形進行比對,驗證模擬與實測之準確性,且同時針對不同控 制方法進行實驗,觀察調整控制器參數對系統響應的影響。

關鍵詞 : 永磁同步馬達、有限元素分析、永久磁鐵、磁路、永磁同、步馬達控制、VisSim、TI TMS320 F2812、數位訊號 處理器(DSP)、正弦波脈波寬度調變(SPWM)、空間

目錄

封面內頁 ........................i 簽名頁.....................

....ii 授權書 ........................iii 中文摘要................

........iv 英文摘要........................vi 誌謝.............

............viii 目錄 ......................... ix 圖目錄 ........

................xii 表目錄 ........................xix 符號說明...

.....................xx 第一章 緒論 1.1 前言....................1 1.2 文獻回顧..................2 1.3 研究方法..................6 1.4 內容大 綱..................7 第二章 永磁同步馬達之規格與特性分析 2.1 馬達之幾何尺寸與規格 ...

.........8 2.2 馬達之性能分析...............10 2.3 馬達之電磁場分析.........

.....13 2.4 馬達之繞線方法與程序............16 第三章 永磁同步馬達之磁路分析與模擬 3.1 有限 元素分析基本概念............18 3.2 馬達磁路分析模擬..............19 3.3 馬達結構建 模................21 3.4 建立及設定材料參數.......... . .23 3.5 設定分析條件與磁場 激勵源..........26 3.6 模擬結果探討................30 第四章 開迴路控制之實驗系統 與實驗設計 4.1 軟硬體架構簡介...............38 4.2 六步方波電壓向量控制實驗.........

.43 4.3 V/F開迴路SPWM速度控制實驗.........53 4.4 V/F開迴路SVPWM速度控制實驗 ........59 4.5 編碼器位置與速度量測應用實驗........66 4.6 DQ軸座標轉換實驗..............68 4.7 開 迴路電流向量控制實驗...........72 4.8 開迴路速度控制實驗(方波與弦波驅動之差異)..80 第五章 閉迴 路控制之實驗系統與實驗設計 5.1 閉迴路電流向量控制實驗...........91 5.2 閉迴路轉矩控制實驗....

.........96 5.3 閉迴路速度控制實驗.............101 5.4 閉迴路位置控制實驗.......

......104 5.5 調整PID控制器對馬達速度系統進行補償 ....106 第六章 馬達加載實驗 6.1 磁粉式制動 器DMD2000B之簡介.........110 6.2 馬達加載實驗 ................112 第七章  結果與 討論....................120 參考文獻.....................122 參考文獻

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