貿易自由化與勞動權利的保障

全文

(1)A.l:fj I!fJn.tHbtm. 5t11:. [~±-t-~~ ]. ~~tEWJ~'. f(1h 13 EbftJQ.~lbtlfUt¥Ji*1Btl. ~~7!:t1S. t ~~t!.ii~ir1' ~.m1S. Jli~~~. '#. a7a*~*WHiJTfj(~. .fiij. ::-iittallJ ' fI!. -t. r. til t:b 1t. J ' IUl r.f] '1*Pf{f,J1t1fJ T ' II •• ilfj I" ' nli:ftl" ' *..:r.. {f,J,fl(. rr *. ~1lf ~ ~ 1!':4~.f± ~~ ~~t1 ~f 1Ul~ ~ ~ Pf4.t.:t4~Ft!4 ~ a~1111 ~At~ ~!411 ~.:.t-re' J'a ' 1t 4h ' j~*.h~~tilt:b8.·~~ *~a.*84_~.,a.M.~ {~~,~ ~fuJtl~* M.~:l(u1"T~1* ?. 1*.5*, **. ]~ taM!1' tfl5 E.. ilfj. ~~k~~m~,~~~ilfj~~~{f,J~~'II~~.4~~~~~ ~ft* •• ~!4I1~*.£ •• ~{f,J.$'A%4~.{f,Jr~~*.£ .J#.·~W~.{f,J.& •• a~fuJ'**II~~.~~a~**.. 0. *~*.~~r~~*.£.J~.~*'~.~~a~**.*~* .&~II~.A!4rr~.*~.~.:.t-r~~J.~*'~.~*~~* 1I~.{f,J~ •• r8~*.£.J'~A~I"~.~.!4~4~'~ti •• *.,fl(~~IIS •• £.{f,J.a'~~~Ft~~~~ • .:.t-~I~. fIR A ; ~~!. ••. ~WJm~l¥J. ~~~=+ $". 'lr ". ...>L-.....>. ijlj. a. m~ r ~ ~ IS rn1t J '. 1m ~ ~ , f!MlltEnm~~;ftl~Fnm~ ~~W1JFM;~HfjtimJ1D<:;ftl ~~~~~f*~rfJ1~~r ' ~*~~*~rdlifi5&b':Sl~' Ji*;fD~IIJ1J"5JtJElrn~1IJ 01'& ffif ' 1'"5J~l~:ttB ' Il.i~W~ '1~JirfJElrn1t ' ifi5&b ' Ji*~A1JJilmirfJlSrn~IIJ~&\fi~ '.I~U~lIJmtirfJ:f!!~ , ~ffijiB~'.I~UiaJff~lIJiam~i:t;iMrfJ)trtJ 0. -m)tffif~. .. r ~~EI E!31tJ rfJ~~r. ' ft A"5JtJI!il~~tltJrrfJf5!J.NItm~ :. , ~~5tIrfJltI~]l!1Jor'JfJM ; E!3/j1nm~~;f[/~Fnm~~~WrfJ1JFM; , ~)tH&&bl¥J~D ~&\fi!:ttJp;J~mti~::trfJiI~i§p.x:iiFJ J::rfJ~1J k6* ' iI~EilGJi*rfJ)t~~~p'x:1l9 0. ~ ~ EI E!31t~~lIJflflJrfJf*~. 225.

(2) ~N*~j]i¥Jm~z -. 0. ~lJlt ' l1Ul'l~:t1S. ' t) ilitt~W~ , tE r Ii ~ EJ EE{t J. :g: A J:iJt)fi~jtlilitttM)T~mJi1:OCtM*~1~Ji3lz~~J::l:;mi¥Jt'llt:tJDm~. i¥J~'rf. (~~-). !f.l~Jlt. '. ~EJ EE1. 0. ~,~t. 5¥:Jit\ ; ~ *,'!!fffi§~. {Ir 1r .ft )f. 1fJ.i. ft1r .ft. ~. 7. 70 14.19 11.83 24. 18 23. 02 17.78 14. 61 12.13 16.31 29.25 24.61 42.67 37.39 42.31 76.08 51. 29. 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001. )f ~. 0.57 1. 03 2. 19 9.31 15.52 16.56 8.87 16.61 16.17 13.57 21. 65 28.94 32. 96 32. 69 50. 77 43. 92. *~ iii ft .k i1!.ft Jt. f~HIliiJ:j~~. i¥J~~rf. --. '. ~. -- -- -- --. 1. 74 tM~~j. 2.47 31.68 9.62 10.92 12.29 43.34 20.34 12.53 26.07 27.84. , ~:. ~hi!rt:p. ][ s. (The. ( Internat ;fI*lj0~ (. ~1fJ:'1iilU ~. (Bismar. :l111JIflt;!3. tM;&'i"~B":. iI~tI. *~jUf*~ ~tlf:. 16l~~I~. www. moea. gOY. tw;& www. dgbas. gOY. tw. (Treaty. -. '~I5~#ij)T~mJii¥Jt'llt:tJo. ' t);&~~mH;1H~~Ii~~'!!ta;U:::f:TH r tl:#ij:9~ I1'Fi¥JAlXfufltEltMi¥JfflGft. EJ?&A~1iJ J. i¥Jm;u::' M. = ' EE~. Ii ~ EJ EI3{t J i¥J~~ , i!tl~*s.1k;lti;t~AOi¥JJ::I:;*fuflI\llZ5¥:j~~~ tNllf ilI*:f:TH:tJDJ,. i!t:W Ii ~*Jl.i¥J~~~1?i*s* ' ::f~iA~ijf~p1T~;U::i¥J~j;fffflGft*f~ftf: ~W ' tEtE$Iiiijf-~~1i~ EJ El31ti¥JiljlJ ' .~llJI~~i!tl~tM Aj]IYj'iI\M<!B1:OCj!1:OC r. i¥J~it. ILO). 0. 0. '. I. ~. 0. t+=lJiB ~~:t1S ' ~.

(3) ~~."T' ). !f.§~JJll±H~:P89~~. 0fMl!illi~. 0. , mU9.i~~f1tl)1H¥'J ' ~~mU9.i~f[];ttffilnl~J9.i~[Z;J1?sJl. a~~~89~.W~mA~.*M.~~89~~·. 0. ~.-~~fiJla~~~~~. , :t('I1:~I898t~fti. ' , :t('t1~I ~[Z;J1?silli~~n~l9.i~~~A~.*89~~W ~JI ; ;ttrp , fr11:8t~Ii~89fjJJt~r.:u~!1Jtt8t~Ii~89~JJt 0. tI.:. ~W§Z. ;.~;ji. ~.iMilli~. '1£. rJla~~1tJ. 897mWIJ"T. '~ii*~kI~)1~~~1?s1tt~ ''i"kI~*sf.t3. , n~l9.i~jj~!J5~~ , f!3f-tff!89~~t3[Z;Jjffikl~ ffJ! § Z ' 1£ r. ~ ~{t; J. 0. U97mWIJ"T ' ~ffifli~ii*~tfjmJ~ii*~AmJ~I89;f1~~tlDfiiJ1iiH*?. i\ ' r f'fhilbf1 J 1¥Ff a!J;tl # , f!3~~ r Jla~ ~1tJ iiltlfU J (Labor Rights). '4. 89~~. f*~If'F89mllJ. , t3~Jtffil~AfTX!t89~~~~ , J:!r.lf-t~. 0. ~~~IIJ;fIflj89f*~' PJtJ~~mJ~Utt~aA;fIf*~rpm:~89-$fJ1. l7. r~. 0. 1£mf~mJ~. j2. Wctttrp , ~Jjrtf~89mJ~A;fI:x{~mH!'BtfjfJ~~IIJ;fIflj1*~89:i1:111 ~~:x{~tgmA;fI '§ § (The Universal Declaration of Human Rights) , ml~~;fI&iStm;flflj1}~ (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) 'fnmJ~~]jj!\' 'Utt&:x1t;. W. ;fIflj~~. ~4. JiJJrJ: '. 58 ,2. 0. (International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) ml~;ii±tt~~~lIJtlfljf*~I{'F89mllJ~~lt!f.. ~ (Bi smarck) iStlMgt~JjU~Jffij±'fU;f8**B~~~ttlli. 14 )3. ~f[JI*m*i*9!:lr&mllJ~IIJ¥$. 0. !f.1£+tLt!:!:*Brp~tJ~. , f~WT. ' 1fHII~ii?!l:~~W,illif[J~~'t1~1IJ. , tXSP:~ B ~~~89Jit±:~ii. 0. {!l~ , ~~Ji±89&:. ~&~~89~~~~'~~~~~*~~Jr~89~*o. 17. 14. .~1£-tLOli~~Jffij±B~89~~ttllirp,~tt~~~~~~n~1}~89~a~~. mii~'. *~¥Uf*~~IIJ~;fI~89I§89' ill~' mJ~ffcttt-J[¥U-tL-tL~89Bfifn*' alM~Itt~~89~M"T'~~~lIJtlW891*~~.m~a89~*o. 'Wl. (Treaty of Versai 11es). f'Fftlif~ J. , ~~fft±tt~~.p.~:lr7~~~Im*i (International Labour Organization'. ILO). ~-tL-tL~tJ*' ~~~Im*i~.~f-t~ii~1*89~IIJ¥$fjii?!l:7~~-B. 0. t+=~U91}*'gf[J9!'lli~. ~*ftli{~. ~!hEttB. ffl~jJI~. rp ffi5m~89 r 1iIf*&*fUj~IIJ~1}:SP:~il.p. Aili89I. U9J!1!~. :I fLU. 0. ¥~R • • 'fU~. '. 0. fiI~~~~~~~~~IIJ¥$89~m't1{)J~f!3~89~'lli. ~~~IIJ¥$89fj1±B~~fij.~ljJtlflj89mllJ.fij.-~~89ftR.. i>;i 7~~~Im*i89~~)1~. ' ill~ ,. 0. , ml~fft±tt~~~~f*~~mMlfIjI f'F89mllJt3:fjl~. Jl a. ~ ~{t~~IIJ;fIfU89f*~. 227.

(4) $Jr1 *~i&I.). r.i;i8 , 1i:: ~ ;J~I¥JmJTfiifF~. , tgfi5-fL1iIZY1¥!i!~~tbh~ (International Tin Agreement)'. -fL1\1\1¥!i!~j;W,.tbh~. (International Sugar Agreement) , -fL-t:;1i1¥!i!~""iiJ""iiJtbh~. (International Cocoa Agreement) fo-fL-t:;fL1¥!i!~7(~~Jmtbh~ (International. , jjiJ,l:J;tbh~mlr.f r fiiH~05JZ~lI1fl~f4 J I¥JmfE::tmtJ. ~A ' l!1Jm*fi~13}]liiml:fj'!'~!lglvl¥J~i1J~~ , tJ.'&'m*tEtbh~t:pitf:tjl&~fiI&l:fj{ffiiJ I~iiJatmfE: tE~:rJi~j§tbh~t:p, OfE-1M~&~i1JfflfUmfE:fiA1HHftifiUfJi1JB~:lf:: r1Jll& ~fi~~tbhfE:J (GATT) m. rlJll&rs:fi~~tktfE:J ~=+f,*I¥JmfE: '*W~1f""iiJtJ.1MWf~ ~Iil:8bl¥JilfifdAf*~I'f! 1f~ ltI¥Jf'Fh ' @.JI!:JtI:;:rJif'Fh r 1'f~mpx~IifI¥J~1'~l]!I¥J~JHr.i ;i8 , ~mpx1M!i!~fi~I¥J~f§llNifiU J ~JtI:; , {I~lUlfi~Wb1MljH'iif~1ff*~I'f!1f~ltI¥Jf'F hOJ~fif§'i'I¥JllNifiU ' f.ElJI!:lUlfi~tkt1M/n r ~~i§~i1JI¥J~lt J jji:rJi!i!~*II1~~I¥JJfifJlii WtfiHjt7 ~HlI¥Jf*~m1iffi Natural Rubber Agreement) ~. Q. !ilff~. Q. Q. Q. 0. =:H~*m!l. t:t $jfd:1lf1tJ ~) !i!*1¥ f:ttJ.fft/ji] *~!i!~j!. B*~fJ~ i1J~i1Jffl~. ~~~ ;i8¥IJ~~B. ~±:flI¥J~ ~I¥Jmi1JStandard~. !ilff~'~i&I~j§tkt~""iiJ~~~~j§tkt~~~1'~~~pxI¥J~~'@':lf::,~~tt1lf~i&I. ~jftkt~*~¥tl~lI1ffl~ljf~~I¥J~1J. ' ""iiJffi!l:lf::)j,;§MfiJ. Q. ~~F:lf::~1fJ(.IEfftE;JWi1ff~~. ~I¥Jf§R~fflJllfR;' ::eH!rJ~lr.f~i1JfflfUff~~~A~j§Wb~t:p 'JrJlfi1'~ l:t$~m~I¥J~~u Q. '. :If::Jffij±lt* (Migros) 0aJ/n-fL/\ =1¥!Ii!$1$J()j,~fjtH!itlH~Jt~0aJ (Del Monte). fAfJ1f1!.. pffiinI¥Jtbh~ tbh~t:p1'~a}]liimfE:f~Jt~0aJ1M/n1:.iI:*I&\@UJi!fjt!liP¥ttiff~J!1ff5JZ;tSj. ~fti¥J~J. *~tJ.l:I¥JI f'Ff,*f4. rJjI¥J~f'F. 0. '. J!1Mtkt~ P'J~:lf:::eJfif=rI¥Jlii~7d,&.~11t:IJDtJ.~J3:xmfE:. Q. H!~fAfJ ~mAffl. ' -fL==. ~m~1¥. -fL = =-1¥I¥J!i!*I~1iOOI1 (National. (Respon. Industrial Recovery Act) , -fL/\=1¥I¥J:lJD¥JJl:t?1i~itMi!Jt!1f~ (Caribbean BaEin. ~~,Jit. ~~iIi±iffpx~~i&II'f!1ff'F:J?!,mi1J~i1JAfflI¥J~UT. ,&.-fL ~ 0 Initiative)'. I¥JlJllfjH~. (Tariff Acts) ,. fL/\IZY1¥I¥J. ~fl. lUl&ifiU. ' l:tl:t~JI!:. Q. tX~!i!:J?!,~tl. J!Wfi1 (Generalized System of. Preferences Renewal Act), -fL/\1i1¥I¥Jfflj~~fLA1)tJif~~0aJi1 (Overseas Pri vate Investment Corporation Act) fO-;tL/\)\1¥i¥JK*~fi~'&'ID!~7E: (Omnibus Trade and Compet i t i veness Act ) ~mmfE:fi~i1Jfflfljf'*~. Q. f.ElJI!:Wf~~;J!i!~jfd: iff px~ 1M/nmi1J~i1Jfflfljl¥J -. {I~~ ®t1~tEfAf=rl:Rn&~q:~~~. f:!I1i::fIl. Q. ,. ~7. i1Jfflflj~. :IJD**:= tJ.mt:R:RS.

(5) $.J: ' ilmllJp;j~~~=¥~ftllJ~1IJ1IfIH*~i¥JIlJ*slft;Y;1iIlN~~1lJ . ~~:j;t121lJ *~~~A~ll:: ,~!&m;mlUJffl; (Countervailing Duties)' 1I!&&:Mmffl;' ~r~flmllJ M<~ , 11::~~~ (Company Penal ties) ~~rjWh[t'ij , Mtf:H~1Iirj~m;1IiU (Boycotts) ~fIfi. &: 1!f~tf:Hffr.1J. • f71Jtlo ' !l1itMIJ ' ~rfN~ , iffifJHffDtiB~llJtB~.lI.~ , ~f;j f:E$;fr±~M~ (.tlDJ;J'Mi~~ I ' 5Jiii§~IIJ~f!f~~ I;Y;ltIl'Ff,*ftf:f:E$MtH[t'ijJbi¥J~~~ ~) 1lJ*i¥Jlfij~p~~&:M~ffl ; -fLIi -1Fi¥J1lt1JiiAAtWdJI~f~Rif,*k0itn~11::~~~f'*ffX ' ~ J.tJ;)ft.IJi~~~ll!;J1-=¥¥.ii¥Jl1:~n~~frjmJE ; -fL-t1\lFf.t~ , fJJI)l!& ' JIfij~fD5}lItif;j *{&~~iI~IA$tlmI:m~5{f-;jJJfJii¥J:fI'§:li'dfiJi{HJBTt)m;1IiU ; J;):&~~~-fLIiIilFW. ifJi¥J~rlUJffl. B :;$:jftrJ'lHlfflWhlfijlF.1 ' ~* B :;$:9!.lI.flftIJiflilJIl· m: ~~UTtEtEm*~~ifd:~fflG~ ft. IJi'iJj..~!-t~~~. 1IJ~1IJ1IflJi¥J11::[iJ. Agreement) , :1lJ~ i'iJi'iJWh~. nternational J. i¥JmJE:JJOJ;). =¥~*ftllJ~1IJ1IflJi¥Jf*~. §rJ]!i¥J;£J]UM< fl1J~ ll::i¥J1'F ~~i¥JlfIrJ'Iii. ~~~r",'jfu jI!!~rjl&~i¥J~!3.1J. •. • ~~:ll!~~~iii¥J~1J~:ll!!fl1Ji¥Jf'F~ , tE~1IJ1IfIJ1*~i¥JftllJJ:tBiI ••~~iii¥J~1J~~~~;Y;~~fflGi¥J~lf!Ji ' .'if!fl1Jf'F~fBtlttt¥~ r ~. ~±~i¥J~lIJf*~±~ J. (National istic Labour Protectionism) ,. • tElll!l~jji±frfflG. , IJ!)1UAfl)tftllJljij.p;ji¥J1ll!l~05.fZ~IIJl£~ (International Fair Labour Standards) 8~l$1Tr¥JJl • m:~mmii¥JIll!l~05.fZ~IIJl£~7;J&J:1:Y.fi5 : *fi1ii±!3 El3i¥Jf*~ , il1l3..WlIImWhlfij:flflJi¥Jf*~ , raJIraJlftIH ' 1mmflftlF~i¥JmJE: ' JlJiili¥J~ll:: ' iJJiii§~IIJi¥J ~i¥JftllJ~. ~~;fr±~~~ ~~~]~~ia(. ~~i¥Jljijf7tl. ~ll::'~Ii¥J~ll::'.~~~:&~~i¥Jf*~~· .~,f;j~)tftllJi¥JIlJ~~IIJl£~8~~m~i¥J~~·ffi:ll!·~~IlJ*±1Ii¥J~~fD. '. )eI Monte) :~~]~5.fZ~. fArJ':n~J:i¥J~J<;:. , J;)~~ftllJi¥JJ~5&~~M<JJ[]iJJii. • 1lI~~~1t; , !3 El31bfoW! ~1t;i¥J~Wi: ' lll!l~ifd:frf;j~~IIJ:fIflJi¥JftllJ13~A 7 ~-m~ .tlD r tlofr.1J~~~~il1l3..Z raJi¥Jtrf'F*~~UftllJ~1IJ1IflJi¥J§i¥J J ~~ fNtJI~tr~~lit ' r m~i¥JIlJ~w~~J:UljtB lJ!~fAfi~trlll!li¥J§:m . ~~Ill!l~trf'F*M#eIll!l~~~ , ifd:~fDAil1!±~r.,\]m ' J;):&iZltJ J. ~tt, 1ll!l~il1l3..ZraJff!~~raJtr1'F*~~rjftIlJA:fIi¥J§i¥J • ~Utlo • ~9!.lI.1lJ. ( National. lean Badn System of. is Private Trade and. .~tlDtt. ,. 0. '-fL-=-=. 0. ~. i¥J~~~,~trlll!l.~. ,. m.~~~~ttfrff!.~ftllJr. ff~~J. (Responsible Fishing) J'tcp • ~tm~~~IIJ1!f~IIJWH~fEf'*ftf:13tBff!~~~Ill!l~~1IJ 0. l£~·~akfjAftllJi¥JlIiB.o. ~7~~m.zra~i:l1'P~[§Jft!\1]~IIJ;ffIlflJi¥JilI~j~ lIJ:fIflJ~~ffXkfjAWhiWi~~litzcp. 0. JJD**=lll!lraJ~iil!-'-lJi~lIJl)f1¥J. f7Utlo '. . if15i¥J*~~~±ilX*J1.13~;Y;~~ EEfl~Wh5Eiini¥JraJH'!j ,. (North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation) •. J;)M#e~~]~~trfff.i~~i¥J~lIJr",'m·. ttj~, IM.:?Jii~tr~fjcpmf~~i¥JUfr~IitWf!31Hl. § El31t;W~lIJfflfIJi¥Jf*[iIii. 229.

(6) ~. *6*' J 1itJt¥J t:p Jl." 0. 0. ~~-r~~1~g1J*,j3JifOiEXJff~W91Pi!m~ , !fi!m~~1tI1Jf'F~*m1itJ*1itJflfUN:1iI ~*1itJ~*t¥J~ tJ j~ • ~-:rJlm:1~i.:t~t¥Jili!I.tU:l~J1t:fik~FiEXJff~~ FitflJ~~:t£il[1Jlli1t¥J:11: IiIW~tJ. 0. {9Qtlo' EJ-:tL/\01f:f~1&:Itf.I· iHMilUta (Nike) N:;ttf~IIi:t£lf-F1P!~¥lili!J:j:l~*. 1990 if (codes of. ,I.:)'N:J:j:l~*!~MJ{IiI. fi~m~t¥J. tEtEJ.m:£Jl~Fi£j{Jff~~FitfrJ~~. $:rJlmftm. • fff.i:t£id.®~tJ3®ffi[J:j:l , -:rJlm:1~ff~t¥JJ1t:fik~±ftJf. ~~fl. f:f 8000 t¥J~J.m • kSI~ , fd:ftJHf 8000 /f1lr:J~~FiEXf(g:~~FitfIJ~~:t£mllJ*1itJflfIjWIiI. z~W9.~. ~~1itJ~*PffIDiJit¥JfiJ @ , iE.!J"IJa-:lfr:J~~~i£j{JM:t£m1i11*1itJflfIjW~~*1itJ~*1Ptfi!fF. 1;t;:f:f~t¥J:JJ(]. m ft l .YJ. m fI_ (Counci 1 on Economic Priori ties. ~J.mili-~. 9)\mZ~. Wd:ftJfff 8. t¥Jf'F~Pfftir~ilit¥J&Ifil.lfIJ(~1i11 (Anti -sweatshop Movement)'. ~t¥J.ili~~~~JjIft~~N:t~.~IIHIIt¥JV~WmlM· m1itJ*1itJflfIJWIiI~*1itJ~*t¥J~tJ. Accredi tation Agency' CEPAA : ~Mgl\,~,t¥JtBlB. '. Social Accountabi 1i ty International' SAl). ~i;!ffl1C~:rJlmftitYJ.mfltM. '. ep~±ftJfff 8000. t¥JitYJ.mfl_In05C=O 0-1f:- .FHjf~~tl~IiI~~~=s:tL+~~~f::f~~!(~fIDII~t¥J~WJ . j;)'fJl!Jf.mT~mi ' ~F miW!i2:mi+=1I~*~Ig;WIf'F• •~*W'iKi1}fjEtJ . :if!ffjj~~JjWfJtIfil.ffIJifOitI~ fflt¥J§1! kSIl1t, tE~3®1Pi!m~ , ¥1JfF~~tfm:Zj~ , ftrm~FiEXJMW~Fitflj~~~. t¥Jm~1JA ~T1ii .jBj:fik:a~. 0. ~j~N:!":JJ[. ~fflG~~liIiEXJMiEXm1J[p]Z-·. ~ , ~jtlD~ :t£~r:y:J~±ftJfff. ~. 8000. , .~tEt:£$fd:ftJfff. t¥JpglilZiW ' tr1CJ1tm1itJ~±~Jfff 8000 t¥J*Jl~1i&-.®~r:y:J !ilfE 8000 ltYJ.mt¥J:fik~i;!f~1C$:rJlmftltYJ.mfltM ' fEl.:fik ' Ei31n~~~ 0. 1C$:rJlmftWlmfltMf*~~fl1C$:rJlmft (the Counci 1 on Economic Priori ties, CEP) t¥J5t~fI. (affiliate)' $:&H~iW~i;!f~1C$:rJlmft:JJ(]j;),~aJ.l. it!!liffiN:)(1t. ~1Pj;. -~~ffi'. 0. Iff. 0. Ji1Ja~o. ~l~fl1C$:rJlmft@UJ1:1n 1969. , W:11:~t¥Jfd:ftN:$ii ~:£Jl:if!fflEUilN:0lEt¥J5t;ffiIf'F ~mft~J1:lnm~ , !J"IJ~:t£B7j:;: , ~~ , $~ , i!t!iffi ' ~*flj , !ffii~ , :JJ!1** ' ~1iI ' .ttflj~ , HJ!.lN:!ffii±m:f:fftf'FnW : ~tJln[p]t~.~ , f§t JiA ' rJcm~N:;ttfIB:11:~0~:11:~jji±ftJffft¥Jfl3ijftJm,~, kSI~ . - E!.f§tJiAN:i~.~Ji:~ In ftMUJim . fIB fMJ1tfjE:t£llfl'i Jt jBj ~~f§tJi~f'F iliJi:lEfft¥JrJc):E : fff.i :11:~iE.PIkSIl1t fff.i ~ffl ~ 1f: '. :fik-1I0~H~~iiH~m~. .~1~14. ·. 0. 0. ~i;!ff~. m-119l~H. ~~:JJ(]j;),~. ~Ji~*t:£$~:rJl~ft~ftW$ii~*t¥Ja~If'F° ~~fl1C$:rJlmftiiH~t¥JmJl.,':fiktE:11:~m1itJt¥J~ftJllli1. 0. -@.f15AfI '. ¥~)ji,t~flft. '. IImtll:iiiN: g;W;fd:~m1itJ ·ffjj~i;!ffl1C~:rJlmftitYJ.~ · r:::f:fJff:fil3~id .®:t£~ft.ffN:IR f*:f:f ~~f~:£Jlt¥J:11:~ · ,1.:), 1i&~;ttfIB:11:~t¥Jfl~ • m: =:: +1f:* . ~~fl1C$~mftf:1EiHili~ :f:f~wm:~~m~~t¥J:11:~'fff.iid.®:11:~:t£m~Lt¥J~~iE.1P~In-.®~~0~.f:ft¥J:11:. (-)f.

(7) ~. ~lJJflffjl?d~. 0. '. ~*. 1!1Jl¥J~JL\. Jl~.l:3~tt~l¥J:it~l'lI~1Jtn'f:ilJml!Hl¥Jit6~~mH~. , l!~ifr±~.ffittn'it6~m. 0. i:iinmJ l¥J:it. 1990 1f.f-tf)]WJt)JI~' El31n!l:*!l:~l¥J~mJfDgslXl¥J:it~~l±l §i3l¥JI f'F.~11'~;;fiU0. ~rmf:il~~*. (codes of conduct), .1(z~*{£§i3&~J1!it6l¥JI»l~t1DtJfA11' ~* 1'1I~ffl<:4§-m:. t*:~9JZIiI. fJ~mr-.Jl¥Jtf:lJj[. eqF1ffUtll:U~. .:rjlMb~Wl~~~~ffjjtn'. 7itJibji±~. ;IJJ:fIfU~~. *~tf11fl' Priorities. anal· SAl) ~1}7G-O. T~mI' ~F iffOjfI~. !tflJ*EUi&KIi. , l!f~l¥Jt~W:lffDj£~~pJT~f;:E. 3tn'~7Wf~. ies. CEP). J ' i~mI '. W:lf'11t .:lfl!~. fffjllJfJ4§. HE &!.I '!;~l±lffit.. , ~9f~9G 0. $;lrS&l¥J1JotJ~1i. ~~. '. 0. (audi tor) • j£~l¥J~81H1'~mr-.JlJ1lJ1trJ)+0-0-~ , tJ~tn'~ ~ 7Mtk:fj~m*"J1'-~l¥Jr<:mm. '. ~9f~9G.:rjlMb~~:g~~~. ~Jmtf:l-~I{'F.~~ftj:~*fO-flI1iI1l~~j£~fA11'ff;tl7tl¥J~~. 8000 (Soci al Accountabi 1i ty 8000) , l¥JWd~1JA. (9[J ISO 9000). 0. iffit1~~*~nmZ~. iID'8l¥J~~*~f*i~:?qJj[fj~~f*~it. &JtftH~:rjlmJ~A:fI.*~:g~~:m~ttl¥J~~iffi~ffl<:l¥J. 0. ~ 7~f*!tt-*~l¥JfH(£11 »lit6~i§il~J1t-~~l¥Jttflfg. • · f9tl9[J~I ' tllil&&:x1~. 0. 0. ' ~9f~9G.ljMb~It>g~tt~l'lIfi:ltHmM*m ' ~~~~ t1@ttpr.jt!1~~MbWJj£~~~l!f:f'i&*l¥Jtf~*~ , tJ~frI;. §~ • *,19ff~9G.:rjlMb~Wd~ttffJJJJitzl¥Jm~~§IH1Aj!i&ii. 1it±&~~!RM!lgl¥J~F~ffifii.f[JI~. , fif!jji±~jf{:E 8000. ~~~mtn'l'fi'lJl¥J. 0. ~~*~:it~~MH~jfffl¥J~Wt!1~-lj~~~1Jl¥JWil,.1(z~Jt~~~~tf~l¥J 0. ~~~F~ffifill.&I~t!1~:g~¥tlflfEl3~~ttpr.jJ:l¥Jm~&@~ttl¥J:fit~n~~~1IJ. W1Jca.~. 0. ~9ff~9G.ljMb~~:g~ttf1t1Jj~5!i{!Qjflt~Jff:E. .±iif~ftj:. , .1(zfif!l¥Jj£~tk:~fj~~l~it6~~jfd:~l¥J~~. ~9ff~9G.ljMb~Wd~ttffJJ~lll¥J §. 8000 &Jtl!t~*~*~~If'F. 0. l¥J ' f*i~~Jmj£~fr±~jff:EtJ*&~~~~ , iID. m-flI flJml±ll¥Jjjtmml¥JH~:Jfff 8000· ~9f~9G.ljMb ~~:g~tt~!3'ejj~1t>g~l¥Jj£~ ~.1Joj;J~~ , tJIiif*t1@j£~fAfjl¥Jff~1J 0. ~9f~9G.JlMb~~:gmtt~l¥Jfif!$ ~~~,. ~liIIiJE.m.:lf~j£~l¥JfI~. 1997 if:~ulHH~jfff~~ , r:Jm7~.:lf~~l1Jf~ftj:l¥JjHYl. Z:~i{!QW~wll~l¥J'iI~A~. -$ffi' :~&!.Im. 0. ~9ff~9G.JlMb ~If I f'F.~11'~mr-.J~7 -~JUl¥JUJf~ , ~Jj[~~JE~l'aJl~fO~. ~:W&~1Jo~il1J. ~~~. !ME. '. 0. , (£fif!j£~iIl~ff~flfEl3tJ 1'1JA1fI11'jfd:~jf{:E :. (-) E~~~~jJ~A~~~~~:t!;:~tie<.JEljfi1if~*. 0. (=) ttil ~* ~IJ e<.J*.lUti1JC J~i.~~ll. i'JEl¥J:it. jill~§ El31~~~l1JtlfIJl¥Jf*~. 231.

(8) rmf-t~fl. rz~mJ~~ ~ 7~Jmffd:~jHf 8000· ~4mfl$t;:jJlJitbb~~£~MfpH:3'm-M~~11iID~~~~'. JJ!'JfIffiH!~~. *§I~' ~Fi&M*JI~ '1E~I¥J ..*mPX. QlffiiID~~~~PX~I¥J"~1;g:j:3)JI ' ,~ It.rflflJ ' ~~f;fc5 ,#!;H!jI (supply chains) Q.~ , mtn"~I¥J~.~l¥JiID~~ ~~PX~~l~tF",,1'~~PX~~ , {E!~ '~px*Jl,t~-~~flf:,H~' )£~aJHiifU.~PJf-T1¥J U~jHf 8000 1¥J~j: Q ;r.+1mI'-='-'. ~~t!1H!~~. fIJ~~~~1t.. ' ~~~Im~1}f-J ' 1IJF€i~~l!MtlflJ1}*t1it ' l1il~t..rf~M~f!!~ : ' 5~H§~1fJ ' 3i.:~~f$jj: , ~fJt ' If'F. 8000 f*'ft(1l~~Atll¥J;ijHrB. AtI'§§l¥Jpg~lffilMil. ~OO'~~'~~'~U§m~~mtbb~~~~m*~Q 1'~~~~~~Im~~~E~~m~;ff:l1i€ifFl¥Jm~. , ~4m~~m~~~IfJ¥~~fi ~~€iI¥J1E~'ffM~*.~rmI¥JW~~~~*1E~• • ~~IfJ¥~ffi~€i'PJ~m~ !tS ' mf*l¥Jm~~~Jmf:ffffnJ-'WJ~*I¥J~~ , ~m~~j'i~f*,m~M~PX;ff:l~I¥J~~ 0. : ~jIf-$ 51. i&1I*~. ~-~. § t)J::~~PJ~D ' :tt r fi~§ mit; J l¥J~tlf ' mtnj'i*7Ff~~1E~ft7!-1)tj'il¥Jjtlt1JD · ~DfiiJijtfPJ1}SjZ~fHjl~flf:~~fB r IfIJJfIii J 1':¥:$flf:I¥J~j: , JJ!~~tl[f~m~l¥J~m Q 1'~:J:!~31tbb)£. , f§!31iID~~.~I¥Jf'F~ . ~~U~PX~E~4~?Vijt:lL~lfJffnlj~~. ~~IfJ¥~~~I¥JW~Q~~'~~U~PX~fttn~~~ijtm-~.rz~ml¥J~~~IfJ¥ ~ • • ~~z~~'~nl¥J1E~~~~E1'~~~Q~~,:tt~~u~PX~l¥JmlfJ~'JJ! 7U},.'fl$t;mlfJ.8Ijpgl¥J~~1}SjZ~IfJ¥~. ttll9 : Beut. (International Fair Labour Standards). of f. ~~~mom~m~I¥J~~1}SjZ~~¥$*~J::1;gm:~U§r±lI¥J~~,m~W~mtbb~. tlflJl¥Jf*~. , Jl:~~I¥J~ll:: '. 5~H§~~I¥J~ll::. 3i.:~1itf$jj:1it~~~II¥J~~~. '. Prot. MII¥J~ll:: (lmmafn;1f:~I¥J.)£)' ~~. 14:. Q :. r±l~J::l¥Ja~PJ~I~~U~PXftfttn~~~~¥~l¥Jm~~~=:J:!~mtnm~1¥J. r ~{J\~~¥~ J ' t!1J],t:J:!-~rf€i r .rz~m J IJiU~UBt~~~~¥$ IffiJBtn r ~11 J 0. IJiUWI¥J~~~~IfJ¥~KI~1'~m~l¥Jml5. 0. ~:jt:~, ~mMJjtl~*I¥J§±~~m~JmI¥J1'. ~~N,~1it~fBM~$~*I¥J&~'H!~~m~I¥J~~o~W~'-Br.rz~mJI¥J ~~~~¥$~~~m1t. ' 1IJjU~*~4m~JmI¥JPX* § ~~~~~j'if§!~'pJT~~)t!f:. ~~. 92. 1A. 0. Ros~. Rigl.

(9) iIDifi1ifJl¥J~~m~&hrPJ. ~~.'E8. ' t.lUfSf&:t1B ' ~1M1'f1iJ!~jilJinffli®~lt1r:!$U*fi~~~U rJi 1Z~ffl J ~~~It1~~PJTfSJ~1!f ' -{gJt;~~~l®IJ.!:~~It11:*ifilJ*fi~&~mI~~~W m~it~ mJrffijH!~1Ef;ft r ij'!ji11 J 1!f [Q]~' if~f-fit r Jirz~ffl J Jjj(~lJl¥JmI~~It1~~ , ~1M ~if-f-{gH!~~*31tfJ~mI~iil¥J1E:~~Z7UA1E:~~f!1JUlW$UIltp , t)13f1Sif~~It1f1 ffJ~~~~It1i§t~I¥J:m:~ © 0. ':i!I'~ i1!1¥J~~~. r~OJfJl¥J. 0. (*~~~rm~~It1&M.~~~~~fl.J~~). IffJ0~& ~fl(. ,. I1'F. tt~. : ~~1E:~p~nmA.ffiUJ~1t1 ' f&A.I¥J~It10. h~~W.. OJJ;)HU! ~I¥J~~. jtlj~.~lUi¥IJ!W~P\J1E:~{Jiffl:9~fiA.±~m}E~1EfWJ~ El. : ~"~J!p'xZ~~. 0. '~89' ~~1JDA1!tW..~*£l.if~lt1m~z~~WIZ9H!mPl2i. a~~I~~.~~f~J'G t~-J1l~~ffi7t'fJT J **IE~. '. ; **mI~~. !. 'tT. 90 ' r1JDA WTO ift1.5Jj:9:gt~f!J.zlt1. ~~~~~t1~t*~l!m~±~mli@R'<J!m~~~(i\Lj~Jf~1.. ;. , ~ 90 ' ~~tmA WTO ifm~':?I~~&Ji1!fDrUl~jtljf1l~.~1i5 ' f:Jmg~. jtlj~"§]~g:£;~J'G0. 1fl¥Jt'!t1Jo ' g~jj!j. PJTm~m DlU~~ fiMf;jjtlj &b~JlU&~ffd~ftiilf~~tT~. 0. 1mDlH~. IfflfIJW~ 1~~It1~. ~1t11'. ' H! lards) B :lIImm jtlj. Ijtljn~fjJ&M.~!fIA.mH~~nIH~~. 0. =:**mI~~'Mm~o. lip]: Beutler, Laurel A. 1988. "The lLO and IMF: Permissibility and Desirability of A Proposal to Meet the Com temporary Realities of the International Protection of Labor Rights." Syracuse Journal International Law & Comnerce. E)'. 14: 456.. ~pJfml¥J. r. , ~iWiI!f*~~1'lt1iJi '. , ffij;ft ff!!nIH~~~IJ1:!1m.. lili : Rosen, Sumner M. 1992. "Protecting Labor Rights in Market Economies." Human Rights Quarterly. 14: 372.. J. ~~I¥J1' . ~fflJI¥J . li1\ :. , fPiz~ttP\J0~ (Berne Convention) ~1}jiLr.t~lB§j( ~PJT~ffll¥J~ (Phosphorus) ~p.xOJ'I'81¥J1ff(~W3 ' ~0~±~. ~~OJ J;)~i&!~Jl:: 31t [] I¥J ~~, l-:J. ~ I f'F ~ PJT I¥J '1i ~ ~"J! Charnovt i z, Steve. 1992. -:tLOlilf:PJTiiJH&!1¥J0~. 0. 0. •. ~ El E81t;W~It1f1flJl¥J~~. 233.

(10) "Environmental and Labour Standards in Trade." World Economy. 15: 339 &1:1:; : Rosen' ibid. 'p. 372 Charnovtiz ' ibid. 'p. 339 0. : "Soc. 0. Depar. &1:j\ : Charnovtiz ' ibid. 'p. 340. 0. Avai 1. &1:::tL:Beutler·ibid. 'Po 464 Liemt, Gijsbertvan. 1989." Minimum Labour Standards 0. and International Trade: Would A Social Clause Work?" International Labour. - : tJ. Review. 128(4): 438-439.. &1:= -::Wl. : Charnovtiz ' ibid. 'p. 340 0. at &1:+- : Liemt ' ibid. 'p. 439. 0. =+!l9 : ~ : Liemt ' ibid. 'pp. 440-441 p. 341 0. moom '. 84, r. 0. Beutler' ibid. 'p. 466 Charnovtiz ' ibid. ' 0. tpJtiii~~I~JMi~pJT5IreZ~lli. ~X~~~tp~~~~~~~~ffi±~::tLO~~tp~~%~~~~~,=. B ,.~t,. In. (1990-1994)J ' . 21-22 oCharnovtiz, Steve. 1987. "The Influence of International. Labour Standars on the World Trading Regime." International Labour Review.. of &1:=+li: Ro. 569. 126(5): 568.. I¥J~. tt+= : Charnovtiz ' ibid. 'pp. 576-579. 0. ffi). &1:+!l9 : Rosen' ibid. 'p. 373 0Beutler> ibid. 'p. 463 Charnovtiz ' ibid. 'pp. 569-5740 0. Liemt'ibid. 'p. 437 0 ~~~~~i1J£~I¥J~mlpg~ , PJ~~;f§~l¥Jmrg~I 0~EHt!lli". 0. &1:+li: B eutler' ibid. 'p. 477. 0. : Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO), U. N. 1993. "International Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing. " paper prepared for the UN Conference on Straddl ing Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, New York, 12-30 July.. :moom ' ibid.' tt+ j\ : ~~f*.lit~. ,. 24. 0. 89 ' r ~P'g:Jjr.§~tt~i1J~1!tI¥JOOre : ~rg~i1Jiii~I¥JPJfi~ J ' fi. ~~~I~~~~rg~i1J~~~~~~lli.~o.

(11) [1:+Jt : PJ~~mfJ!Um '. 339. [1:=. +:. 84 • ~I7!W~I:fIfrjZf*~ • (. : F.I fttfJ.lWiiil± ) •. "Social Accountabi 1i ty International Recei ves $ l. 6 Mi 11 ion from US State Department and Ford Foundation to Strengthen Anti-sweatshop Work. Available at www.ceppa.org/publications. :mdards. :. Labour. - :. tJ.l:ii1GtPJ~~;j:<lHfffit;t¥JH~WrWJilt!:i. : www. cepnyc. org. l-:tl:Ji*'l-PJra]fJ~~~m{I;t¥JH~WrWJ!lt!:i. - : ~lmffd:WrjHE 8000. B"JJi~RWf~E!. : www. cepnyc. org. .. On-l ine version of SA8000" avai lable. at www.cepnyc.org [1:. ibid.. +. ~w 5!. Langhammer, Rolf J. 1994. "The Impact of European Economic. t. ~94) J '. ,tional. 'eview.. Integration on the Taiwan Economy." in Chung-Hua Insti tution for Economic Research ed. Proceedings of the Conference on the Evolution of Taiwan within A New World Economic Order. pp. 521-552. : Rosen. ibid., p. 373; Beutler, ibid.. p. 463; Charnovtiz, ibid., pp. 569-574; Liemt, ibid., p. 437; B"JmI~~Ii}¥J:&~~jl~'. 1m11t4§.J1i~t1J~~B"J~ap;j~, PJ~~fEllm. tJ.:&Rosen (op. cit.) ;ftlCharnovtiz (op. cit.). ~AB"J~:illli· ~-574. •. ~~I. :1. 1. 1. I, ~. ~. I. I Code. :rence 12-30. ~J. '. 1'J. E! El31l:W~t1J:fIflJB"J{*~. 235.

(12)