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(提示: 解出 dy dt = k(a− y) ,用起始條件求出a

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1. (10%) 令y(t)指某樹 ,其樹齡為t年時之高度(ft計算)。 假設 dy

dt = k(a− y) ,其 中a , k > 0都為常數 。 又設y(0) = 0 ft , y(1) = 2 fty(2) = 10

3 ft。 求tlim

→∞y(t)。 (提示: 解出 dy

dt = k(a− y) ,用起始條件求出a) Sol:

y0 = k(a− y) ⇒ y0+ ky = ka

取積分因子u滿足(uy)0= uy0+ kuy,u0= ku,可取u = ekt。 則有

ekt(y0+ ky) = ektka (ekty)0 = ektka

ekty = aekt+ c,兩邊積分。

∴ y = a + ce−kt 再由y(0)y(1)y(2)決定a, k, c,即解以下聯立方程式

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y(0) = 0 = a + c y(1) = 2 = a + e−k y(2) =10

3 = a + e−2k

可得a =−c = 6, k = ln3

2,因此y = 6− 6(2

3)t。 所求tlim

→∞y(t) = 6。 2. (10%) 解y0 = 1 + 2t + y2+ 2ty2滿足起始條件y(0) = 1

(提示: 1 + 2t + y2+ 2ty2= (1 + 2t)(1 + y2)。) Sol:

由提示(1 + 2t)(1 + y2),將原微分方程的y, t分離,即以下 y0

1 + y2 = 1 + 2t 兩邊對t積分,則有以下

y0 1 + y2dt =

1 + 2tdt

tan−1y = t + t2+ c

再由初始條件y(0) = 1 決定c,即以下:

tan−11 = 0 + 02+ c

⇒ c = π 4

∴ y = tan(t + t2+π 4)。

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