2011 POPULATION CENSUS
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Official Statistics
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RESULTS OF
Published by: DSEC Macao, May 2012
Composed & designed by: DSEC Printed by: DSEC
Contents
Page
Analysis of Results
1. Population Size and Principal Demographic Structure... 5
2. Other Demographic Characteristics... 10
3. Marine Population ... 21
4. Population with Disability ... 22
5. Household ... 24
6. Housing... 28
7. Distribution of Population by Statistical Area ... 33
8. Supplementary Data... 35
Principal Demographic Characteristics and Changes ...36
Explanatory Notes ...39
Methodology ...43
Tables...53
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Analysis of Results
1. Population Size and Principal Demographic StructurePopulation Size
Total population of Macao was 552,503 on 12 August 2011, an increase of 117,268 (+26.9%) in comparison with 2001, with an average annual growth of 2.4% over the past 10 years. (Table 1)
Rapid economic development induced growing demand for human resources; however, non-resident workers were conducive to ease manpower needs yet speeding up population growth as well. When the 2011 Population Census was taken, there were 62,304 non-resident workers and 4,944 foreign students in Macao that took up 12.2% of the total population. Excluding non-resident workers and foreign students, the local population totalled 485,255. (Table 33)
Chart 1 – Population change
Age and Gender Structure
Analysed by age structure, number of newborns declined continuously after peaked in the mid-1980’s until a gradual rebound in 2003; consequently, the youth population (aged 0-14) decreased substantially by 30.1% from 2001 to 65,870 (11.9% of the total population), down by 9.7 percentage points over the past ten years.
The elderly (aged 65 and above) totalled 39,964 that made up 7.2% of the total population, down slightly by 0.1 percentage point from 2001. In fact, number of elderly increased by 8,276 (+26.1%) over the last decade; the increment is similar to that of the total population. As the majority of incoming immigrants and non-resident workers were adults, who helped slowing down the pace of population ageing.
For those who were born in the baby-boom of the 1980’s now become part of the adult population (aged 15-64) and most incoming immigrants and non-resident workers fall in this age group; as a result, number of adult surged by 44.4% from the past decade to 446,669, accounting for
Average annual growth (%)
355,693 435,235 552,503
2.4%
2.0%
1.9%
0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000
1991 2001 2011
No.
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
80.8% of the total population, an increase of 9.7 percentage points.
Chart 2 – Distribution of population by age group
21.6 11.9
71.1 80.8
7.3 7.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
%
Youth population Aged 0-14
Adult population Aged 15-64
Elderly population Aged 65 and above
Low fertility rate and longer life expectancy contributed to the continuous ageing of the population; median age stood at 37.0, an increase of 3.7 years over the past decade. Population pyramid of Chart 3 showed that in comparison with 2001, the pyramid base narrowed further attributable to the decline in number of newborns; however, the upper part representing those aged 45 and above was broader, with those aged 45-64 accounting for 29.6% of the total population, up by 9.8 percentage points from ten years earlier.
Chart 3 – Population pyramid (2001 and 2011)
The increase in adult population and the decrease in youth population caused the overall dependency ratio to decline significantly to 23.7% in 2011, in comparison with 40.7% in 2001.
2011 2001
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 Њ85
('000)
Male Female
Age Group
2011 2001
1 – Dependency ratio
% 2011
Dependency ratio 2001
Total Excluding non-resident workers & foreign students Overall dependency ratio 40.7 23.7 27.8 Youth dependency ratio 30.5 14.7 17.3 Elderly dependency ratio 10.2 8.9 10.5
Ageing ratio 33.6 60.7 60.3
Chart 4 showed that non-resident workers and foreign students predominated in the six age groups between 20-49. Excluding non-resident workers and foreign students, median age of the population increased to 38.1, up by 1.1 years from 37.0 and the dependency ratios also increased, denoting that non-resident workers and foreign students helped to decelerate the pace of population ageing.
Population aged 55-64, the age group with fewer non-resident workers, totalled 64,383 or 11.7%
of the total population, who will become part of the elderly population in the next ten years; therefore, the pace of population ageing is expected to accelerate.
Chart 4 – 2011 Population pyramid
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 Њ85 Age group
('000)
Mean age of the population was 37.5. Analysed by statistical area, higher mean age was being observed in those living in Baixa de Macau, Praia Grande & Penha, Conselheiro Ferreira de Almeida, Coloane Island, Horta e Costa & Ouvidor Arriaga, and Guia. These used to be the early developed residential districts that were characterized with a sizable share of elderly (over 10% of the total) and small number of youth; as a result, the ageing ratio was far higher than the total of Macao. Besides,
Excluding non-resident workers and foreign students Total population
Male Female
Coloane Island had an ageing ratio of 134.1% that was attributable to the fact that the proportion of youth shared merely 8.2% of the total and the establishment of several elderly homes in that area.
2 – Statistical areas with higher mean age
Age structure (%) Statistical area Total Mean age
0-14 15-64 Њ65
Ageing ratio (%)
Total 552,503 37.5 11.9 80.8 7.2 60.7
Baixa de Macau 21,423 41.4 9.6 78.0 12.4 128.8 Praia Grande & Penha 11,085 41.2 11.1 76.6 12.3 111.0 Conselheiro Ferreira de Almeida 26,253 40.7 10.7 78.4 10.8 100.6 Coloane Island 4,262 40.3 8.2 80.8 11.0 134.1 Horta e Costa & Ouvidor Arriaga 24,409 40.0 11.6 77.7 10.7 92.5
Guia 5,516 40.0 13.1 76.1 10.8 81.8
Regarding the gender structure, male (265,144) and female (287,359) accounted for 48.0% and 52.0% of the total population respectively, similar to that in 2001. With female outnumbered male, the gender ratio stood at 92.3 males per 100 females.
3 – Gender structure
2001 2011 Gender
Total Structure
(%) Total Structure (%)
Excluding non-resident workers & foreign students
Structure (%)
Total 435,235 100.0 552,503 100.0 485,255 100.0 Male 208,865 48.0 265,144 48.0 233,483 48.1 Female 226,370 52.0 287,359 52.0 251,772 51.9
Gender ratio 92.3 92.3 92.7
In respect of gender ratio by age group, as male babies outnumbered females, gender ratio of the youth was 107.5 males per 100 females. For the adult and elderly, the majority of those moving to Macao were female and female tended to have longer life expectancy; therefore, gender ratio of the adult was 91.2 males per 100 females and that of the elderly at 81.4 males per 100 females respectively.
Excluding non-resident workers and foreign students, gender ratio went up from 92.3 per 100 females to 92.7 males per 100 females. As shown in Chart 5, gender ratio of those aged 15-24 saw apparent increase, as well as improvement in those aged 25-34, revealing that female outnumbered male in the two age groups was attributable to the non-resident workers and foreign students. On the contrary, for those aged 35 and above, gender ratio declined further after excluding non-resident workers and foreign students, indicating that female outnumbered male more obviously in these age groups. (Table 33)
Chart 5 – Gender ratio by age group
95.8
79.0 87.7 96.3 75.0
85.9 95.2 107.5
93.0 95.1 107.5
101.4
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 Њ 55 Age No. of males per 100 females
Excluding non-resident workers and foreign students Total population
Others 5.3%
Philippines 1.2%
Portugal 0.4%
Macao 43.9%
Mainland China 47.4%
Hong Kong 3.3%
Other countries/
territories 3.8%
2. Other Demographic characteristics
Place of Birth
Incoming migrant is an essential component of the population. Results of the 2011 Population Census indicated that 326,376 (59.1% of the total population) were born outside Macao, an increase of 3.0 percentage points over the last ten years. Analysed by place of birth, 255,186 (46.2%) were born in Mainland China, down by 1.2 percentage points from 2001. Besides, 226,127 (40.9%) were born in Macao, 19,355 (3.5%) in Hong Kong and 1,835 (0.3%) in Portugal. (Table 5)
There were more persons born in other countries or territories as the number of non-resident workers increased. Among them, 14,544 were born in the Philippines, 7,199 in Vietnam and 6,269 in Indonesia, altogether taking up 5.1% of the total population. Besides, 1,942 were born in Europe other than Portugal, 2,252 in Americas, 959 in Africa and 672 in Oceania.
Analysed by age group, 85.2% of the youth population (aged 0-14) were born in Macao, and 62.9% of those aged 35 and above were born in Mainland China.
Chart 6 – Distribution of population by place of birth
2001 2011
Other countries/
territories 4.0%
Indonesia 1.1%
Philippines 2.6%
Portugal 0.3%
Macao 40.9%
Mainland China 46.2%
Hong Kong 3.5%
Vietnam 1.3%
Others 9.4%
Nationality and Ethnicity
Analysed by nationality, 509,788 (92.3% of the total population) were of Chinese nationality, down by 2.9 percentage points from the 2001 Census; meanwhile, only 0.9% was of Portuguese nationality, a decrease of 1.1 percentage points. Over the last ten years, diversity of the various components of the population is enhanced as economic development has drawn people to invest, work or study in Macao; consequently, 37,695 (6.8%) were of other nationalities, up by 4.0 percentage points, with 2.7% being Filipinos. (Table 6)
Macao is a Chinese community and those of Chinese ethnicity totalled 510,383, an increase of 94,030 over the past ten years; however, its proportion to the total population decreased by 3.3 percentage points to 92.4%. Those of Portuguese ethnicity totalled 8,106, up slightly by 333 compared with 2001; its proportion to the total decreased by 0.3 percentage point to 1.5%. (Table 7)
4 – Distribution of population by ethnicity
2001 2011 Ethnicity
Total % Share Total % Share Total 435,235 100.0 552,503 100.0 Chinese 416,353 95.7 510,383 92.4 Chinese & Portuguese 4,254 1.0 4,019 0.7
Portuguese 2,810 0.6 3,485 0.6
Chinese & non-Portuguese 1,771 0.4 1,601 0.3
Others 10,047 2.3 33,015 6.0
Portuguese & others 709 0.2 602 0.1
Educational Attainment
Over the last ten years, educational attainment of the population has improved with the implementation of free education. Population aged 3 and above totalled 539,131, with 34.2% had primary education or lower, down significantly by 20.4 percentage points from 2001. In addition, 49.0% completed junior secondary and senior secondary education, 16.7% completed tertiary education, up by 11.1 and 9.3 percentage points respectively from the past decade. (Table 8)
Chart 7 - Distribution of population by educational attainment (2001 and 2011)
0.1 10.0
5.9
18.4
22.8
26.1
16.7
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
No schooling/
pre-primary education
Primary education - incomplete
Primary education
Junior secondary
education
Senior secondary
education
Tertiary education
Special education
%
2001 2011
Analysed by gender, the proportion of male who completed senior secondary education (26.1%) and tertiary education (16.8%) increased by 9.8 and 9.0 percentage points respectively from 2001;
proportion of female who completed senior secondary education (26.2%) and tertiary education (16.6%) surged by 11.2 and 9.5 percentage points respectively.
5 – Distribution of population by gender and educational attainment
2001 2011 Educational
attainment
Male % Share Female % Share Male % Share Female % Share Total 203,174 100.0 221,029 100.0 258,237 100.0 280,894 100.0 Primary education or
lower
109,658 54.0 122,019 55.2 86,048 33.3 98,457 35.1
Junior secondary education
44,314 21.8 50,177 22.7 61,121 23.7 61,985 22.1
Senior secondary education
33,171 16.3 33,079 15.0 67,338 26.1 73,575 26.2
Tertiary education 15,814 7.8 15,611 7.1 43,407 16.8 46,660 16.6 Special education 217 0.1 143 0.1 323 0.1 217 0.1
Excluding non-resident workers and foreign students, 23.9% completed senior secondary education and 15.8% completed tertiary education. (Table 40)
Social and economic development has provided the population with better opportunity to receive higher education. The population who had completed tertiary education totalled 90,067, up by 186.6% over the past ten years. Furthermore, 80,155 (89.0%) had completed degree courses, among them, 85.0% had completed one degree course, 12.8% had completed two degree courses and 2.1% had completed three degree courses. (Tables 8 and 16)
Analysed by field of education, 43.1% studied Social Science, Business & Law; 12.9% studied Humanities & Arts; and 9.9% studied Engineering, Manufacturing & Architecture. As regards the place where the degree was conferred, 35.3% had completed the degree course in Macao, 29.5% in Mainland China and 7.6% in Taiwan, China.
Language Ability
In Macao, 83.3% (449,274) of the population aged 3 and above frequently used Cantonese as their usual language, down by 4.6 percentage points compared with 2001. With rising number of incoming immigrants and non-resident workers, the proportion of those commonly used Mandarin (5.0%) and English (2.3%) as their usual language rose by 3.4 and 1.6 percentage points respectively from 2001. (Table 9)
With respect to the language ability, 41.4% could speak Mandarin, up by 14.7 percentage points over the past decade; 21.1% could speak English and 2.4% could speak Portuguese. (Table 10)
6 – Language ability
% Usual language Ability to speak language Language or dialect
2001 2011 Difference (percentage
point)
2001 2011 Difference (percentage
point)
Total 100.0 100.0 .. .. .. ..
Cantonese 87.9 83.3 -4.6 94.4 90.0 -4.4
Mandarin 1.6 5.0 3.4 26.7 41.4 14.7
Hokkien 4.4 3.7 -0.7 7.3 6.9 -0.4
Other Chinese dialects 3.1 2.0 -1.1 10.4 8.8 -1.6
Portuguese 0.7 0.7 - 3.0 2.4 -0.6
English 0.7 2.3 1.6 13.5 21.1 7.6
Others 1.7 3.0 1.3 4.3 7.2 2.9
School Attendance
Analysed by age group, the population aged 3-19 totalled 91,198 and 96.3% would attend regular education in the coming school year. Enrolment rate of those aged 20-24 and those aged 25-29 was 41.0% and 12.8% respectively, up by 14.1 and 3.9 percentage points over the past ten years. (Table 11)
Literacy
Population aged 15 and above totalled 486,633 and the literacy rate increased by 4.3 percentage points over the last ten years to 95.6%. Literacy rate of those aged 15-39 reached 99.6% and that of the elderly aged 65 and above stood at 72.6%. (Table 14)
Illiteracy rate of the population aged 15 and above was 4.4%, lower than the 8.7% in 2001, with female population having a higher illiteracy rate (6.3%) than the male (2.2%). The majority of the illiterates who were unable to write and read were the elderly aged 65 and above; illiteracy rate of the female elderly was 40.3% and that of the male elderly was 11.5%, as females were given less opportunity to receive education in the past society compared with males.
Marital Status
Population aged 16 and above totalled 480,073. Analysed by marital status, 31.2% were never-married and 2.7% were separated or divorced, up by 0.9 and 0.6 percentage point compared with the standardized rates in 2001; meanwhile, the proportion of those who were married (62.7%) and widowed (3.4%) declined compared with ten years ago. (Table 13)
7 – Marital status
% 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011
Total Male Female Never married 30.3 31.2 32.3 32.3 28.5 30.3 Married 62.8 62.7 64.7 65.1 61.0 60.5 Separated/divorced 2.1 2.7 1.4 1.7 2.7 3.6
Widowed 4.8 3.4 1.6 0.9 7.8 5.7
In the past ten years, the proportion of the never-married female increased by 1.8 percentage points to 30.3%, lower than the 32.3% of the male, yet the difference has narrowed to 2.0 percentage points.
Singulate mean age at marriage of the population aged 16 and above was 29.0, of which the singulate mean age was 29.9 for male and 28.3 for female, an increase of 0.4 year for both genders in comparison with 2001, signifying the tendency of late marriage in both genders.
Excluding non-resident workers and foreign students, singulate mean age at marriage of the population was 29.1; the singulate mean age was 30.1 for male and 28.1 for female.
8 – Singulate mean age at marriage 2011 Gender 2001
Total Excluding non-resident workers & foreign students
Total 28.6 29.0 29.1
Male 29.5 29.9 30.1
Female 27.9 28.3 28.1
Analysed by gender, the proportion of married male (65.1%) was higher than that of married female (60.5%). Analysed by age group, the proportion of married female aged under 35 was slightly higher than that of married male. However, an opposite trend was observed in subsequent age groups where the proportion of married male exceeded that of married female as age ascended. (Table 13)
Chart 8 – Marital status by gender and age group
Male Female
0 20 40 60 80 100
16-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 Њ65
% 0 20 40 60 80 100
16-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 Њ65
%
Table 7 indicated that the proportion of those who were separated or divorced increased by 0.6 percentage point from 2001 to 2.7%. Among them, the proportion of separated or divorced female accounted for 3.6% of the female population, far higher than the 1.7% in the male population, since males were more likely to get remarried. Moreover, as female had longer life expectancy, the proportion of widow (5.7%) was also higher than that of widower (0.9%), and the difference was more noticeable in ascending age groups. (Table 13)
Migratory Flow
Land-based population aged 5 and above totalled 529,602, with 203,176 (38.4%) changed residence in the last five years, including 98,904 (48.7%) who moved to the current residence from other places in Macao (internal migration), as well as 51.3% who moved to the current residence from places outside Macao. (Table 12)
Population having internal migration within the Macao Peninsula, the most common move, totalled 76,001 (76.8%). Besides, 10.4% (10,293) moved to Taipa Island from the Macao Peninsula, down by 3.8 percentage points from 2001; the proportion of those (3,994) moved to the Macao Peninsula from Taipa Island increased from 1.4% in 2001 to 4.0% in 2011. Furthermore, internal migration within Taipa Island saw significant increase.
Never married Married Separated/divorced Widowed
9 - Internal migration
% Residence in 2001 Residence in 2011
Place of residence 5 years ago
Total Macao Peninsula
Taipa Island
Coloane
Island Total Macao Peninsula
Taipa Island
Coloane Island Total 100.0 82.0 17.2 0.8 100.0 81.0 18.3 0.7 Other unit in Macao Peninsula 95.2 80.3 14.2 0.6 87.7 76.8 10.4 0.5 Other unit in Taipa Island 4.2 1.4 2.8 0.1 11.9 4.0 7.7 0.1 Other unit in Coloane Island 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1
Population who lived outside Macao five years ago totalled 104,272, with 59.1% living in Mainland China, 9.1% in Hong Kong and 7.7% in the Philippines.
Place of Previous Residence and Total Duration of Living in Macao
Land-based population who were born outside Macao totalled 325,892, an increase of 83,066 from 2001; the majority (78.3%) were from Mainland China, Hong Kong (7.3%) and the Philippines (4.1%). (Table 30)
10 – Distribution of non-Macao born population by place of previous residence
2001 2011 Place of previous residence
Total % Share Total % Share
Total 242,826 100.0 325,892 100.0
Mainland China 198,921 81.9 255,334 78.3
Hong Kong 17,841 7.3 23,673 7.3
Philippines 5,221 2.2 13,518 4.1
Other Asian countries or territories 13,941 5.7 25,266 7.8
Portugal 1,746 0.7 2,202 0.7
Other countries or territories 5,156 2.1 5,899 1.8
As previously mentioned, economic development drove up the demand for human resources; in fact, population growth in recent years was led by incoming migrants. Table 11 revealed that 26.4%
of the population resided in Macao for less than five years and the majority were non-resident workers. (Table 28)
11 – Distribution of non-Macao born population
by place of previous residence and total duration of living in Macao
Total duration living in Macao (years)
<5 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-49 50Њ Place of previous residence Total
%
Total 325,892 26.4 20.4 14.0 29.6 5.4 4.2 Mainland China 255,334 20.7 19.8 15.0 35.4 4.2 4.8 Hong Kong 23,673 33.0 22.5 14.7 16.5 9.5 3.7 Philippines 13,518 58.8 28.8 11.0 1.1 0.3 0#
Other Asian countries or territories 25,266 55.5 17.1 4.4 5.5 16.9 0.7 Myanmar 4,845 7.9 5.5 6.4 18.3 61.2 0.6
Cambodia 881 2.5 9.3 2.4 6.0 79.2 0.6
Portugal 2,202 25.0 20.7 34.9 13.3 2.7 3.4 Other countries or territories 5,899 49.2 30.5 10.0 5.1 4.5 0.8
Population whose place of previous residence in Mainland China totalled 255,334, with 35.4%
having resided in Macao for 25-34 years, the majority were Chinese immigrants moving to Macao in the 1970’s and 1980’s; in addition, 20.7% moved to Macao because of studying, working or family reunion in last five years, 4.8% had resided in Macao for 50 years or more. (Table 31)
Population whose place of previous residence in Portugal totalled 2,202, with 34.9% having lived in Macao for 15-24 years and 3.4% for 50 years or more.
Population with place of previous residence in other Asian countries or territories totalled 25,266, with 17.6% having resided in Macao for 35 years or more, mostly from Myanmar (2,996) and Cambodia (703); the majority were returning Chinese from Southeast Asia who moved to Macao in the 1960’s and 1970’s.
Economic Activity Status
In the last ten years, labour force (economically active population) aged 16 and above increased by 50.2% from 2001 to 346,497, attributable to the increase in number of incoming migrants and non-resident workers; moreover, increase in the female labour force reached 58.0%, higher than the 43.4% rise of the male. (Table 17)
12 – Labour force (economically active population)
2001 2011
Total Structure
(%) Total Structure (%)
Excluding non-resident workers & foreign students
Structure (%)
Total 230,670 100.0 346,497 100.0 285,401 100.0 Male 123,305 53.5 176,818 51.0 147,431 51.7 Female 107,365 46.5 169,679 49.0 137,970 48.3
Labour force participation rate was 72.2%, up by 2.9 percentage points over the past decade.
More job opportunities amid tight labour market boosted the labour force participation rate of the female to 67.2%, up by 6.5 percentage points from 2001; however, the male labour force participation rate stood at 77.7%, down by 1.4 percentage points. Difference between the male and female labour force participation rates narrowed substantially from 18.4 percentage points in 2001 to 10.5 percentage points in 2011.
13 - Labour force participation rate
% 2011
2001
Total Excluding non-resident workers & foreign students
Total 69.3 72.2 69.1
Male 79.1 77.7 75.2
Female 60.7 67.2 63.6
Excluding non-resident workers and foreign students, size of the local labour force was 285,401, with male and female accounted for 51.7% and 48.3% respectively. Labour force participation rate of the local population was 69.1%, with that of the male at 75.2% and female at 63.6%. (Table 43)
Number of employed population (total employment) was 337,716. With rapid development of the tourism and gaming sector, an analysis of the employed by industry revealed that 175,821 were working in Recreational, Cultural, Gaming & Other Services; Hotels, Restaurants & Similar Activities; and Wholesale & Retail Trade, altogether taking up 52.1% of total employment, a notable increase of 14.0 percentage points from 2001. As the economy has undergone structural changes;
therefore, only 3.4% were working in the Manufacturing sector, down substantially by 16.4 percentage points compared with ten years ago. (Table 21)
Domestic workers accounted for 5.0% (16,863) of total employment, up by 2.8 percentage points from 2001, the majority were non-resident domestic helpers. With improvement in the employment situation, non-resident domestic helpers enabled the re-entrance of some housewives to the labour force that helped to raise the labour force participation rate of the female population.
Chart 9 – Distribution of total employment by industry
0.9 2.9
3.4 5.0
5.2 6.9
7.6 7.9
8.2
12.5 14.0
25.6
1.7 3.1
19.8 2.2
7.4 6.6 5.6
8.3 7.2
15.1 11.4
11.6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Others Financial Intermediation Manufacturing Domestic Work Transport, Storage & Communications Education, Health & Social Welfare Real Estate & Business Activities Public Administration & Social Security Construction Wholesale & Retail Trade Hotels, Restaurants & Similar Activities Recreational, Cultural, Gaming & Other Services
%
Structural change of the economy towards the service sector modified the occupations of the employed population. Analysed by occupation, 27.7% (93,686) were Clerks (including croupiers, floorpersons, cage cashiers, etc), up by 9.1 percentage points from ten years ago; 21.3% were Service
& Sales Workers, and 15.4% were Unskilled Workers. Over the past ten years, job structure of the Unskilled Workers experienced significant changes, from mostly factory janitors or porters in the past to cleaners of the service sector (hotels, restaurants, gaming, etc.) or domestic helpers. (Table 22) In view of higher educational attainment of the population and development of the economy, 22.8% of the employed were managers, professionals and associate professionals, up by 3.4 percentage points from 2001. As the importance of the conventional manufacturing sector was diminishing, the proportion of Craftsmen & Similar Workers (7.7%); and Plant & Machine Operators, Drivers & Assemblers (4.6%) decreased by 4.5 and 7.9 percentage points respectively from 2001.
2001 2011
Chart 10 – Distribution of total employment by occupation
0.4
4.5 4.6
7.5 7.7
10.8
15.4
21.3
27.7
1.2 3.3
12.5 6.5
12.2 9.6
16.4 19.8 18.6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers
Professionals Plant and machine operators,
drivers and assemblers Legislators, government officials, association leaders,
company directors and managers Craftsmen and similar workers Technicians and associate professionals Unskilled workers Service and sales workers Clerks
%
Median employment earnings of the employed population for July 2011 amounted to MOP10,000, which was twice of the median employment earnings (MOP 5,000) for July 2001.
(Table 25)
Excluding non-resident workers and foreign students, median employment earnings of the local employed population was MOP 11,000. (Table 44)
2001 2011
3. Marine Population
2011 Marine Population Census covered 234 occupied vessels, a decrease of 136 from ten years ago. The marine population totalled 735, down notably by 1,163 from 2001. (Table 1)
Analysed by gender, male and female accounted for 76.3% and 23.7% respectively. In respect of age structure, the adult population (aged 15-64) made up 96.3% of the total marine population. In terms of place of birth, the proportion of the marine population born in Mainland China stood at 45.3% and those born in Macao shared 34.1%. The majority (57.0%) of the marine population had primary education or lower. As regards the marital status, 88.6% were married and 10.6% were never-married. Analysed by status in employment, 42.6% were employees and unpaid family workers shared 27.1%.
14 – Characteristics of the marine population
2001 2011 Characteristics
No. Structure (%) No. Structure (%)
Total 1,898 100.0 735 100.0
Male 1,463 77.1 561 76.3
Female 435 22.9 174 23.7
Age group
0-14 92 4.8 14 1.9
15-64 1,791 94.4 708 96.3
Њ65 15 0.8 13 1.8
Place of birth
Macao 628 33.1 251 34.1
Mainland China 1,033 54.4 333 45.3
Others 237 12.5 151 20.5
Educational attainment
Primary education or lower 1,142 60.9 419 57.0
Primary education 543 29.0 156 21.2
Junior secondary education 150 8.0 90 12.2
Senior secondary education 33 1.8 40 5.4
Tertiary education 6 0.3 30 4.1
Marital status
Never married 345 19.2 76 10.6
Married 1,438 80.2 637 88.6
Others 11 0.6 6 0.8
Economic activity status
Economically active population 1,770 98.7 712 99.0 Economically inactive population 24 1.3 7 1.0
Status in employment
Employer 319 18.0 213 29.9
Self-employed 48 2.7 3 0.4
Employee 982 55.5 303 42.6
Unpaid family worker 421 23.8 193 27.1
4. Population with Disability
In Macao, the 2001 Population Census was the first attempt to collect information on the population with disability, using the self-defined approach. Subsequently, uniformed criteria in defining those with disability were adopted in the 2006 By-Census and the 2011 Population Census, i.e. hindered by physical, intellectual, mental or psychiatric conditions, an individual had difficulty in carrying out daily activities, even with auxiliary equipment, and assistance is required; the difficulty has lasted or is expected to last for six months or more. Therefore, data on the population with disability from the 2011 Population Census are compared directly with those of the 2006 By-Census.
Results of the 2011 Population Census indicated that the population with disability totalled 11,141, an increase of 2,843 in comparison with 2006. The proportion of population with disability accounted for 2.0% of the total population, up by 0.3 percentage point from five years ago.
(Table 46)
Analysed by age group, the proportion of those with disability to the youth population stayed unchanged at 0.4%, same as 2006; the proportion of the disabled to the adult population (1.2%) and the elderly population (13.5%) increased by 0.4 and 0.1 percentage point respectively from 2006. As regards gender of the population with disability, 41.4% were male and 58.6% were female.
15 – Distribution of population with disability by age group (2006 and 2011)
2006 2011 Age group
Total Population
with disability % of Total Total Population
with disability % of Total Total 502,113 8,298 1.7 552,503 11,141 2.0
0-14 76,406 302 0.4 65,870 256 0.4
15-64 390,352 3,252 0.8 446,669 5,474 1.2
Њ65 35,355 4,744 13.4 39,964 5,411 13.5
With respect to the educational attainment, 71.1% (7,901) had primary education or lower, 12.9% completed junior secondary education, 9.0% completed senior secondary education and 3.7%
had tertiary education.
Analysed by cause of difficulty, 41.0% (4,565) of the disabled who had difficulties in carrying out daily activities were caused by chronic illness, up by 2.9 percentage points from 2006, with 26.5% aged 40-59 and 70.1% aged 60 and above. (Table 48)
In addition, 23.2% (2,582) of the disabled were caused by impaired limb(s) or trunk, down by 0.1 percentage point; 19.8% (2,205) were caused by mental disorder, up by 0.9 percentage point from 2006.
Chart 11 – Distribution of population with disability by cause of difficulty
15.2
10.3
16.3
23.3
18.9
38.1
22.3
10.1
6.7
10.8
23.2
19.8
41.0
6.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Visual impaired and blind
Voice disorder and speech impediment
Hearing impaired and
deaf
Impaired limb(s) or trunk
M ental disorder Chronic illness Others
%
Note: Difficulty can be caused by multiple causes.
Analysed by type of difficulty, 60.5% had difficulties in mobility, 38.7% had difficulties in self-care and 30.3% had difficulties in communication. (Table 49)
In respect to the duration of having difficulty, 29.8% experienced difficulties for less than 5 years, 25.7% experienced difficulties for 5-9 years, 17.1% experienced difficulties for 10-14 years and 13.3% experienced difficulties for 25 years or more. (Table 50)
Regarding housing, Table 16 indicated that 9,694 persons with disability (87.0%) were living in residential units, of which 1,180 persons (10.6%) were one-person household; meanwhile, 1,397 persons were living in institutes or other collective living quarters. In terms of type of housing, 75.7% were residing in private housing, 13.9% in economic housing and 10.4% in social housing.
16 – Housing characteristics of population with disability 2011 Housing characteristics
No. Structure (%)
Total 11,141 100.0
Residential unit 9,694 87.0 1-person household 1,180 10.6
Collective living quarters 1,397 12.5 Type of
unit
Others 50 0.4
Total 9,694 100.0
Private housing 7,340 75.7 Economic housing 1,350 13.9 Type of
housing
Social housing 1,004 10.4
2006 2011
5. Household
Household Size
Total number of households was 170,769, up by 26.5% compared with ten years ago, including 234 households of the marine population. Although total number of households registered an increase, yet the average household size dropped to 3.08 persons per household, a decrease of 0.06 in comparison with 2001.
Average household size decreased continuously in the last ten years. An analysis of the household size revealed that the proportion of 2-person households predominated, at 23.3%, up by 3.6 percentage points from 2001. However, the proportion of 4-person households, the largest in 2001, decreased by 2.8 percentage points over the past ten years to 23.0%. One-person households accounted for 15.2% of the total, down by 1.9 percentage points from 2001. (Table 68)
17 – Household size
2001 2011 Household size
No. % Share No. % Share
Total 134,965 100.0 170,769 100.0
1 person 23,117 17.1 25,984 15.2 2 persons 26,566 19.7 39,862 23.3 3 persons 28,790 21.3 39,621 23.2 4 persons 34,779 25.8 39,280 23.0 5 persons 14,829 11.0 16,750 9.8
Њ6 persons 6,884 5.1 9,272 5.4
Average household size 3.14 3.08
Household Composition
Relationship of the household members enables classification of three types of household composition, i.e. “one-person household”, “nuclear household” and “no nuclear household”. A family nucleus is composed of a couple or a single parent with unmarried child(ren); a household with one or more family nuclei is considered as a nuclear household.
There were 130,910 nuclear households, accounting for 76.7% of total; the majority (38.2%) were composed of a couple with unmarried child(ren), down by 4.1 percentage points from ten years ago. Nuclear households composed of a couple shared 14.0% of the total, up by 3.3 percentage points from 2001.
Moreover, there were 3,542 nuclear households composed of married child(ren) and parents, an upsurge of 206.4% compared with 2001, indicating that married child(ren) living with parents become a common phenomenon in past ten years. However, the proportion of nuclear households with three generations living together (i.e. father/mother with unmarried child(ren) and parents) was 5.6%, down by 0.8 percentage point from 2001, signifying the trend of big family no longer prevailed.
A household composed of two or more members, e.g. brothers, friends, etc., living together without forming a family nucleus is considered a “no nuclear household”. There were 13,875 no nuclear households, up by 1.4 percentage points from 2001 to account for 8.1% of the total, composed mainly of non-related members such as non-resident workers living together.
There were 25,984 one-person households, sharing 15.2% of the total, down by 1.9 percentage points from ten years ago.
Analysed by statistical areas, 85.9% of the households living in Guia were nuclear households, the highest of all areas. NAPE & Aterros da Baía da Praia Grande had the highest percentage share of one-person households (25.3%) and no nuclear households (22.8%) living there.
18 - Household composition
2001 2011 Household composition
No. Structure
(%) No. Structure (%)
Total 134,965 100.0 170,769 100.0
One-person household 23,117 17.1 25,984 15.2 Nuclear household 102,854 76.2 130,910 76.7
A couple 14,395 10.7 23,904 14.0
A couple and unmarried child(ren) 57,088 42.3 65,201 38.2 Single parent and unmarried child(ren) 13,676 10.1 14,668 8.6 Married child(ren) and parents 1,156 0.9 3,542 2.1 Father/mother, unmarried child(ren) and parents 8,620 6.4 9,647 5.6
Others 7,919 5.9 13,948 8.2
No nuclear household 8,994 6.7 13,875 8.1 Relative household 4,228 3.1 6,376 3.7
Non-relative household 4,766 3.5 7,499 4.4
Monthly Household Employment Earnings
Over the past ten years, economic development generated more jobs and better income. Average number of employed persons per household was 1.85, higher than 1.53 in 2001. Median monthly employment income of household in July 2011 amounted to MOP 23,700, far higher than MOP 9,000 in 2001, at an average annual growth rate of 10.2%.
Household employment earnings had close relationship with the number of working members.
The majority (59,848) of the households had two members working, and median employment earnings soared by 126.9% compared with ten years ago. For the 49,288 households with one member working, median employment earnings soared by 122.7%.
19 – Median employment earnings of households
2001 2011 Working
Members No. % Share Median earnings
(MOP)
No. % Share Median earnings
(MOP)
Change (%)
Total 116,669 100.0 9,000 151,628 100.0 23,700 163.3 1 person 53,362 45.7 5,500 49,288 32.5 12,250 122.7
2 persons 46,405 39.8 11,000 59,848 39.5 24,964 126.9 3 persons 11,447 9.8 15,000 28,894 19.1 32,000 113.3 4 persons 3,657 3.1 17,700 10,033 6.6 38,500 117.5 Њ5 persons 1,798 1.5 19,000 3,565 2.4 47,000 147.4
Possession of Motor Vehicles
Total number of households possessing motor vehicle continued to rise in the past ten years.
There were 170,535 households of the land-based population and 93,749 (55.0% of the total) had private car and/or motorcycle under their possession. Among the households possessing motor vehicle, 40,240 had motorcycle and 23,986 had private car; number of households possessing both motorcycle and private car increased to 29,523 in 2011, up significantly by 14,198 in comparison with 2001. (Table 76)
In spite of smaller household size, a total of 47,118 households were having more than one motor vehicle under their possession, up by 24,362 from 2001; in particular, 16,451 had three or more motor vehicles. (Table 77)
The ratio of motor vehicles and households stood at 57 motorcycles and 39 private cars per 100 households, an increase of 20 motorcycles and 10 private cars respectively compared with 2001.
20 – Household-owned motor vehicles
2001 2011 No. % Share No. % Share
Total 134,595 100.0 170,535 100.0
With motor vehicle 59,726 44.4 93,749 55.0 Motorcycle only 26,012 43.6 40,240 42.9
Private car only 18,389 30.8 23,986 25.6
Motorcycle and private car 15,325 25.7 29,523 31.5 Number of motor vehicles
1 36,970 61.9 46,631 49.7
2 17,284 28.9 30,667 32.7
Њ3 5,472 9.2 16,451 17.5
Without motor vehicle 74,869 55.6 76,786 45.0
Motorcycles per 100 households 37 57
Private cars per 100 households 29 39
Chart 12 showed that 53.4% of the households living in the Macao Peninsula possessed motor vehicles, up by 12.1 percentage points from 2001 when the rate of increase in Coloane Island reached 15.8 percentage points; in Taipa Island, proportion of households possessing motor vehicles decreased by 5.9 percentage points over the past ten years to 64.3%. (Table 76)
Number of household-owned private cars totalled 67,280, of which 76.1% were parked at private car-park at night; household-owned motorcycles totalled 96,752, with 71.3% parked on the street at night. (Tables 79 and 80)
Chart 12 – Household-owned motor vehicles in Macao Peninsula and the Islands
Macao Peninsula Taipa Coloane 58.7
46.6
29.8 35.7
49.9
34.1 41.3
53.4
70.2 64.3
50.1
65.9
0 20 40 60 80 100
2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011
%
Without motor vehicle With motor vehicle Macau Peninsula Taipa Island Coloane Island
6. Housing
Coverage of Units
2011 Population Census covered a total of 233,870 units of different types, of which 231,908 were building units, including 189,861 residential units.
21 – Type of unit
Total Building unit Temporary unit Others
Total 233,870 231,908 988 974
Macao Peninsula 202,352 201,194 441 717 Taipa Island 29,813 29,449 237 127 Coloane Island 1,705 1,265 310 130
Analysed by occupancy of the building units, number of vacant building units (for sale/for rent) totalled 22,430; therefore, the vacancy rate of building units stood at 9.7%. Number of vacant residential units was 13,382 and the respective vacancy rate was 7.0%; meanwhile, the vacancy rate of commercial and other units was 23.3%.
Coloane Island had the highest vacancy rate of residential units, at 20.2%; vacancy rate of residential units in Taipa Island was 6.9%. For the commercial and other units, Coloane Island also had the highest vacancy rate of 24.3%, while the lowest rate was in Taipa Island, at 20.5%.
22 – Vacant building units
Building unit Residential unit Commercial & other unit Total Vacant Vacancy
rate (%) Subtotal Vacant Vacancy
rate (%) Subtotal Vacant Vacancy rate (%)
Collective living quarter Total 231,908 22,430 9.7 189,861 13,382 7.0 38,777 9,048 23.3 3,270 Macao
Peninsula 201,194 19,934 9.9 162,316 11,354 7.0 36,527 8,580 23.5 2,351 Taipa Island 29,449 2,240 7.6 26,503 1,818 6.9 2,061 422 20.5 885 Coloane
Island 1,265 256 20.2 1,042 210 20.2 189 46 24.3 34
Housing Characteristics
After more units were built, the once common scene of several households sharing the same house nearly disappeared. Land-based households totalled 170,535 and the average number of households per building unit was 1.01, a decrease of 0.02 compared with 2001.
Analysed by type of building unit, there were a total of 168,937 households living in residential units. Among these households, 146,620 (86.8%) were living in private housing, with an average household size of 3.08; besides, 16,462 (9.7%) were living in economic housing, with an average
household size of 3.30; a total of 5,855 (3.5%) were living in social housing and the average household size was 2.71. (Table 71)
Analysed by year of building completion, there were 81,716 households (48.4% of total) living in residential units that were completed in 1990-1999, a substantial increase of 14,926 from 2001.
Meanwhile, 45,122 (26.7%) living in units that were completed in 1980-1989, while 19,723 (11.7%) in units that were completed in 2000 and after. (Table 72)
23 – Households by year of building completion
2001 2011 Year of completion
No. % Share No. % Share
Total 133,005 100.0 168,937 100.0
Before 1980 21,011 15.8 22,137 13.1 1980-1989 41,289 31.0 45,122 26.7 1990-1999 66,790 50.2 81,716 48.4 2000 and after 2,331 1.8 19,723 11.7
Unknown 1,584 1.2 239 0.1
Analysed by usable area of the residential unit, the majority (45.8%) of households were living in residential units with a usable area of 40-59.9 square meters, 17.9% in units with a usable area of 60-79.9 square meters and 4.6% in units with a usable area of 120 square meters and above. Per capita living space stood at 20.1 square meters.
Chart 13 – Distribution of households by usable area of residential unit
Others 13.1%
<40 m2 14.7%
40-59.9 m2 45.8%
60-79.9 m2 17.9%
80-99.9 m2 8.5%
100-119.9 m2 6.2%
Њ120 m2 4.6%
Unknown 2.4%
Analysed by number of bedrooms, 58.8% of the households were living in 2-bedroom units, 25.7% in 3-bedroom units and 9.8% in 1-bedroom units. Average number of bedrooms per residential unit was 2.2 and the average number of bedrooms per person was 0.7.
Chart 14 – Distribution of households by number of bedrooms
2 bedrooms 58.8%
Њ4 bedrooms 4.4%
3 bedrooms 25.7%
1 bedroom 9.8%
Studio flat 1.3%
Analysed by household size, Table 24 indicated that the majority (67.8%) of the 3-person households were living in 2-bedroom units, 24.1% in 3-bedroom units. As regards the 4-person households, 59.7% were living in 2-bedroom units and 32.6% in 3-bedroom units.
24 – Distribution of households by household size and number of bedrooms
% Household size
1-person 2-person 3-person 4-person 5-person Њ6 persons Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Studio flat 5.2 1.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 1 bedroom 26.8 15.4 5.4 2.9 1.7 1.4 2 bedrooms 51.4 63.7 67.8 59.7 47.6 36.0 3 bedrooms 14.6 16.9 24.1 32.6 41.7 42.1 Њ4 bedrooms 2.0 2.4 2.4 4.6 8.9 20.2
Tenure of Residential Unit
Over the last decade, population size and number of households increased amid the shrinking household size; as a result, there were 119,578 households (70.8% of the total) who were owner-occupiers of their residential units, an increase of 17,276 compared with 2001 but the proportion of owner-occupiers decreased by 6.1 percentage points from 2001. Furthermore, there were 41,376 households (24.5%) who were tenants of the residential units on account of rising property prices, increasing demand on rental dwellings of non-resident workers, etc., up by 5.5 percentage points from ten years ago. (Table 69)
Moreover, a total of 86,595 households who were mortgage free owner-occupiers of their residential units, an increase of 23,530 compared with 2001; there were 32,983 owner-occupiers who had mortgage to repay, a decrease of 6,254 from ten years ago, indicating that some households have fully repaid their mortgage over the last decade and the new additions were mostly tenants.
(Table 70)
25 – Households by tenure of residential unit
2001 2011 No. % Share No. % Share
Change (%)
Total 133,005 100.0 168,937 100.0 ..
Owner-occupier 102,302 76.9 119,578 70.8 16.9 Mortgage free 63,065 61.6 86,595 72.4 37.3 With mortgage 39,237 38.4 32,983 27.6 -15.9
Tenant 25,243 19.0 41,376 24.5 63.9
Employer provided 2,786 2.1 2,303 1.4 -17.3
Others 2,674 2.0 5,680 3.4 112.4
Rent and Mortgage Payment of Residential Unit
There were 32,983 owner-occupiers who had to repay mortgage for their residential unit.
Analysed by the amount of mortgage payment, 20.2% repaid less than MOP 3,000 per month, 32.4%
repaid MOP 3,000-MOP 5,999 per month, and 23.4% repaid MOP 10,000 and above per month.
Median monthly mortgage repayment of household amounted to MOP 5,390, an increase of MOP 2,590 (+92.5%) compared with 2001. (Table 70)
Average monthly mortgage payment of household amounted to MOP 7,173. Analysed by statistical area, Coloane Island had the highest average of MOP 20,377, while Cidade & Hipordromo of Taipa Island had the lowest average of MOP 3,555.
Chart 15 – Distribution of households by monthly mortgage payment
9.3 10.1 12.2
10.7 8.8
5.9 6.3 3.0
14.3 9.2 9.5
0.8 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
<1000 1000-1999
2000-2999 3000-3999
4000-4999 5000-5999
6000-6999 7000-7999
8000-8999 9000-9999
10000-14 999
Њ15000 MOP
%
There were 41,376 households who were tenants of the residential units and the median monthly rent payment amounted to MOP 3,204, a three-fold increase from ten years ago. Analysed by the amount of rent payment, 25.1% of the households paid less than MOP 2,000 per month and 37.3%
2001 2011
paid MOP 2,000-MOP 3,999 per month. (Table 70)
Average monthly rent payment of household amounted to MOP 4,169. Analysed by statistical area, NAPE had the highest average of MOP 15,241, while Ilha Verde had the lowest average of MOP 1,435.
Chart 16 – Distribution of households by monthly rent payment
15.4 9.7 14.9
22.4
12.5 6.6 4.0
14.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
<1000
1000-1999
2000-2999
3000-3999
4000-4999
5000-5999
6000-6999
Њ7000 MOP
%
2001 2011
7. Distribution of Population by Statistical Area
Analysed by statistical area, the more densely populated areas were Areia Preta & Iao Hon;
NATAP; Baixa da Taipa; Barca; Tamagnini Barbosa; as well as Barra & Manduco, altogether having a population size of 299,226 (54.2% of total population), an increase of 62,386 compared with 2001.
(Tables 2, 3, 4)
Population in Baixa da Taipa and NATAP registered the fastest growth of 89.8% (+26,213) and 46.7% (+18,216) respectively over the last ten years, higher than the 26.9% increase of the total population, which was owing to the completion of more residential units and more incoming migrants living in these areas, in particular, 19,169 living in Baixa da Taipa were incoming migrants after 2001.
26 – Densely populated statistical areas Population change Change in
residential unit
Incoming migrant after 2001 Statistical area Total
No. Change
(%) No. Change
(%) No. % of Total
Total 552,503 117,268 26.9 18,539 10.6 126,967 23.0 Areia Preta & Iao Hon 66,875 7,599 12.8 239 1.2 15,030 22.5
NATAP 57,249 18,216 46.7 3,582 25.0 13,630 23.8 Baixa da Taipa 55,412 26,213 89.8 5,632 39.2 19,169 34.6
Barca 43,668 3,872 9.7 193 1.2 7,698 17.6
Tamagnini Barbosa 38,263 2,008 5.5 -38 -0.3 7,433 19.4 Barra & Manduco 37,759 4,478 13.5 447 3.3 7,909 20.9
Moreover, population living in Areia Preta & Iao Hon; Barca; Tamagnini Barbosa; as well as Barra & Manduco increased at a lower growth rate than that of the total population; the slowdown in population increase was caused by more people moving out of these areas.
Total land area measured 29.9 square kilometres in 2011, increasing at an average annual growth of 1.5% over the past decade, lower than the average annual growth of 2.4% of the total population;
therefore, population density climbed further to 18,478 per square kilometre, an increase of 1,608 (+9.5%) in comparison with 16,870 per square kilometre in 2001.
Analysed by statistical area, population density in all areas of the Macao Peninsula were higher than those of the Islands. The area of Areia Preta & Iao Hon had the highest population density of 148,611 per square kilometre and Coloane Island had the lowest of 323 per square kilometre.
However, it was noteworthy that the Islands are having major residential projects in progress;
therefore, population size and population density of the Islands are expected to increase in the future.
27 – Population density by statistical area
2001 2011 Statistical area Population
density (persons/km2)
Ranking
Population density (persons/km2)
Ranking
Change in population density (%)
Total 16,870 18,478 9.5
Areia Preta & Iao Hon 131,724 1 148,611 1 12.8
Barca 120,594 2 132,327 2 9.7
Doca do Lamau 90,610 6 129,062 3 42.4
Horta e Costa & Ouvidor Arriaga 105,430 3 116,233 4 10.2
Tamagnini Barbosa 92,962 5 98,110 5 5.5
Fai Chi Kei 103,365 4 94,844 6 -8.2
NATAP 65,055 9 92,337 7 41.9
Conselheiro Ferreira de Almeida 76,766 7 90,528 8 17.9 Patane & São Paulo 65,695 8 72,734 9 10.7 Barra & Manduco 61,631 10 68,653 10 11.4 Baixa da Taipa 33,952 12 64,433 11 89.8 Baixa de Macau 38,776 11 39,672 12 2.3 Praia Grande & Penha 24,513 13 28,423 13 16.0
Ilha Verde 18,797 14 22,506 14 19.7
Móng Há & Reservatório 18,498 15 21,834 15 18.0
ZAPE 11,549 17 18,212 16 57.7
Guia 13,291 16 15,760 17 18.6
Jardins do Oceano & Taipa Pequena 10,817 18 12,357 18 14.2 Universidade & Baía de Pac On 5,971 19 12,241 19 105.0 NAPE & Aterros da Baía da Praia Grande 2,859 20 5,524 20 93.2 Cidade & Hipódromo da Taipa 1,902 21 2,910 21 53.0 Pac On & Taipa Grande 170 23 814 22 378.8
Coloane Island 262 22 323 23 23.3
8. Supplementary Data
According to the administrative records, there are 7,449 Macao residents living in Zhuhai and the neighbouring areas who commute to Macao to study or work. Gender and age structure of the residents are as follows:
Age group Total Male Female
Total 7,449 4,933 2,516 0–4 284 150 134 5–9 335 166 169 10-14 323 170 153 15-19 335 173 162 20-24 291 186 105 25-29 420 271 149 30-34 509 312 197 35-39 749 427 322 40-44 816 502 314 45-49 914 683 231 50-54 884 740 144 55-59 739 565 174 60-64 468 342 126
Њ 382 246 136 65
In addition, there were 73,171 visitors staying in Macao at the census reference moment (3 a.m.
on 12 August 2011). Gender and age structure of the visitors are as follows:
Age group Total Male Female
Total 73,171 40,254 32,917
0–4 705 330 375
5–9 1,201 577 624 10-14 1,560 795 765 15-19 1,538 652 886
20-24 7,060 2,742 4,318
25-29 10,352 5,097 5,255
30-34 9,576 5,487 4,089
35-39 10,404 6,103 4,301
40-44 9,901 5,899 4,002
45-49 8,239 5,165 3,074
50-54 4,987 3,184 1,803
55-59 3,408 2,067 1,341
60-64 2,149 1,192 957
Њ65 2,091 964 1,127
Principal Demographic Characteristics and Changes
1/3
2001 2011 Characteristics
No. Structure (%) No. Structure (%)
Population Size 435,235 100.0 552,503 100.0
Gender
Male 208,865 48.0 265,144 48.0
Female 226,370 52.0 287,359 52.0
Gender ratio (no. of males per 100 females) 92.3 92.3 Age group
Youth population (aged 0-14) 94,221 21.6 65,870 11.9 Adult population (aged 15-64) 309,326 71.1 446,669 80.8 Elderly population (aged 65 and above) 31,688 7.3 39,964 7.2
Median age 33.3 37.0
Place of residence
Macao Peninsula 388,647 89.3 469,009 84.9
Taipa Island 41,786 9.6 78,497 14.2
Coloane Island 2,904 0.7 4,262 0.8
Marine population 1,898 0.4 735 0.1
Population density (per square kilometre)
Total 16,870 18,478
Macao Peninsula 45,723 50,323
Taipa Island 6,740 10,636
Coloane Island 262 323
Place of birth
Macao 191,139 43.9 226,127 40.9
Mainland China 206,384 47.4 255,186 46.2
Hong Kong 14,436 3.3 19,355 3.5
Portugal 1,616 0.4 1,835 0.3
Others 21,660 5.0 50,000 9.0
Total duration of living in Macao (year) excluding marine population
Less than 1 year 9,344 3.8 22,333 6.9
1-4 31,184 12.8 63,680 19.5
5-9 21,220 8.7 42,411 13.0
10-14 32,869 13.5 23,992 7.4
15-19 36,701 15.1 15,609 4.8
20-24 70,000 28.8 30,155 9.3
25 and above 41,508 17.1 127,712 39.2
2/3
2001 2011 Characteristics
No. Structure (%) No. Structure (%) Applicable to the population aged 3 and above 424,203 539,131
Usual language
Chinese 411,482 97.0 506,993 94.0
Cantonese 372,697 87.9 449,274 83.3
Mandarin 6,660 1.6 27,129 5.0
Other Chinese dialects 32,125 7.6 30,590 5.7
Portuguese 2,813 0.7 4,022 0.7
English 2,792 0.7 12,155 2.3
Others 7,116 1.7 15,961 3.0
Educational attainment
No schooling/pre-primary education 41,831 9.9 31,684 5.9 Primary education - incomplete 80,285 18.9 53,699 10.0 Primary education 109,561 25.8 99,122 18.4
Junior secondary education 94,491 22.3 123,106 22.8 Senior secondary education 66,250 15.6 140,913 26.1 Tertiary education 31,425 7.4 90,067 16.7
Special education 360 0.1 540 0.1
Applicable to the population aged 16 and above 332,696 480,073 Marital status
Never married 93,979 28.2 149,818 31.2
Married 215,661 64.8 300,892 62.7
Separated/divorced 7,147 2.1 12,919 2.7
Widowed 15,909 4.8 16,444 3.4
Economically active population 230,670 69.3 346,497 72.2 Economically inactive population 102,026 30.7 133,576 27.8 Employed population 214,577 337,716
By industry:
Gaming, recreational, cultural & other services 24,895 11.6 86,533 25.6 Hotels, restaurants & similar activities 24,480 11.4 47,238 14.0 Wholesale & retail trade 32,397 15.1 42,050 12.5 By occupation:
Clerks 39,816 18.6 93,686 27.7
Service & sales workers 42,580 19.8 72,089 21.3 Unskilled workers 35,148 16.4 52,088 15.4 Median employment earnings of the employed
(MOP) 5,000 10,000
3/3
2001 2011 Characteristics
No. Structure (%) No. Structure (%) Household
Total no. of households 134,965 100.0 170,769 100.0
Average household size 3.14 3.08
Average no. of households per building unit 1.03 1.01 Monthly median employment earnings (MOP) 9,000 23,700 Monthly average employment earnings (MOP) .. 29,853 Housing
Tenure of residential unit 133,005 100.0 168,937 100.0
Owner-occupier 102,302 76.9 119,578 70.8
Tenant 25,243 19.0 41,376 24.5
Employer provided 2,786 2.1 2,303 1.4
Others 2,674 2.0 5,680 3.4
Median monthly rent payment (MOP) 800 3,204 Average monthly rent payment (MOP) .. 4,169 Median monthly mortgage payment (MOP) 2,800 5,390 Average monthly mortgage payment (MOP) .. 7,173 Average no. of bedrooms per residential unit .. 2.2
Explanatory Notes
Macao has conducted 14 population censuses. The 1991 Census is the last population census prior to the Handover of Macao and the 2001 Census is the first census operation after commencement of the 21st Century and the Handover. Population census aims to have a better comprehension on the population size and detailed demographic characteristics, namely age, gender, educational attainment, economic activity status, housing characteristics, etc. Census data are essential reference to the Government in the formulation of policy on education, housing, transportation, health, social services, etc., that are also important to private enterprises in planning of business strategies and to academic institutions in research studies.
Following the social and economic development in the past ten years, the population structure, composition, distribution, and even housing characteristics have undergone considerable changes;
therefore, the 2011 Population Census is most appropriate to reflect the latest situation on the demographic structure and the socio-economic characteristics of the Macao population
Coverage and Scope
2011 Population Census is the 15th Population Census and the 5th Housing Census of Macao.
Coverage of the 2011 Population Census included all units of the Macao Special Administration Region that were used for housing, commercial or other purposes; the observation unit was the individuals living or staying in these units, excluding military personnel and facilities of the People’s Liberation Army of the People’s Republic of China stationed in Macao.
Population of Macao composes of the land-based population and the marine population. Hence, coverage of the 2011 Population Census also included vessels berthed in the customary water of Macao.
Census Reference Moment
For the land-based population, the census reference moment when the data collected should take reference to, was 3 a.m. on 12 August 2011. Data collection of the marine population was carried out from 1-6 July, taking advantage of the fishing moratorium period, and in order to stay near with the data collection period of the land-based population.
Data Collection
The 15-day data collection of the 2011 Population Census started 12-26 August 2011.
Population census was the largest statistical operation and required an enormous group of staff; as a result, 14 Census Stations were set up in different areas, recruiting more than 2,700 students of
