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第 2 條 個人資料之保護,依本法之規定

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附錄一 附錄一 附錄一 附錄一

電腦處理個人資料保護法 電腦處理個人資料保護法 電腦處理個人資料保護法

電腦處理個人資料保護法 ( ( ( (民國民國民國民國 84 84 84 年 84 年 08 08 08 月 08 月 11 11 11 日公布 11 日公布日公布 )日公布 ) ) ) 第 一 章 總則

第 1 條

為規範電腦處理個人資料,以避免人格權受侵害,並促進個人資料之合理利用,

特制定本法。

第 2 條

個人資料之保護,依本法之規定。但其他法律另有規定者,依其規定。

第 3 條 本法用詞定義如左:

一、個人資料:指自然人之姓名、出生年月日、身分證統一編號、特徵、指紋、

婚姻、家庭、教育、職業、健康、病歷、財務情況、社會活動及其他足資識別該 個人之資料。

二、個人資料檔案:指基於特定目的儲存於電磁紀錄物或其他類似媒體之個人資 料之集合。

三、電腦處理:指使用電腦或自動化機器為資料之輸入、儲存、編輯、更正、檢 索、刪除、輸出、傳遞或其他處理。

四、蒐集:指為建立個人資料檔案而取得個人資料。

五、利用:指公務機關或非公務機關將其保有之個人資料檔案為內部使用或提供 當事人以外之第三人。

六、公務機關:指依法行使公權力之中央或地方機關。

七、非公務機關:指前款以外之左列事業、團體或個人:

(一) 徵信業及以蒐集或電腦處理個人資料為主要業務之團體或個人。

(二) 醫院、學校、電信業、金融業、證券業、保險業及大眾傳播業。

(三) 其他經法務部會同中央目的事業主管機關指定之事業、團體或個人。

八、當事人:指個人資料之本人。

九、特定目的:指由法務部會同中央目的事業主管機關指定者。

第 4 條

當事人就其個人資料依本法規定行使之左列權利,不得預先拋棄或以特約限制之:

一、查詢及請求閱覽。

二、請求製給複製本。

三、請求補充或更正。

四、請求停止電腦處理及利用。

五、請求刪除。

第 5 條

受公務機關或非公務機關委託處理資料之團體或個人,於本法適用範圍內,其處

(2)

理資料之人,視同委託機關之人。

第 6 條

個人資料之蒐集或利用,應尊重當事人之權益,依誠實及信用方法為之,不得逾 越特定目的之必要範圍。

第 二 章 公務機關之資料處理 第 7 條

公務機關對個人資料之蒐集或電腦處理,非有特定目的,並符合左列情形之一者,

不得為之:

一、於法令規定職掌必要範圍內者。

二、經當事人書面同意者。

三、對當事人權益無侵害之虞者。

第 8 條

公務機關對個人資料之利用,應於法令職掌必要範圍內為之,並與蒐集之特定目 的相符。但有左列情形之一者,得為特定目的外之利用:

一、法令明文規定者。

二、有正當理由而僅供內部使用者。

三、為維護國家安全者。

四、為增進公共利益者。

五、為免除當事人之生命、身體、自由或財產上之急迫危險者。

六、為防止他人權益之重大危害而有必要者。

七、為學術研究而有必要且無害於當事人之重大利益者。

八、有利於當事人權益者。

九、當事人書面同意者。

第 9 條

公務機關對個人資料之國際傳遞及利用,應依相關法令為之。

第 10 條

公務機關保有個人資料檔案者,應在政府公報或以其他適當方式公告左列事項;

其有變更者,亦同:

一、個人資料檔案名稱。

二、保有機關名稱。

三、個人資料檔案利用機關名稱。

四、個人資料檔案保有之依據及特定目的。

五、個人資料之類別。

六、個人資料之範圍。

七、個人資料之蒐集方法。

八、個人資料通常傳遞之處所及收受者。

九、國際傳遞個人資料之直接收受者。

一○、受理查詢、更正或閱覽等申請之機關名稱及地址。

(3)

前項第五款之個人資料之類別,由法務部會同中央目的事業主管機關定之。

第 11 條

左列各款之個人資料檔案,得不適用前條規定:

一、關於國家安全、外交及軍事機密、整體經濟利益或其他國家重大利益者。

二、關於司法院大法官審理案件、公務員懲戒委員會審議懲戒案件及法院調查、

審理、裁判、執行或處理非訟事件業務事項者。

三、關於犯罪預防、刑事偵查、執行、矯正或保護處分或更生保護事務者。

四、關於行政罰及其強制執行事務者。

五、關於入出境管理、安全檢查或難民查證事務者。

六、關於稅捐稽徵事務者。

七、關於公務機關之人事、勤務、薪給、衛生、福利或其相關事項者。

八、專供試驗性電腦處理者。

九、將於公報公告前刪除者。

一○、為公務上之連繫,僅記錄當事人之姓名、住所、金錢與物品往來等必要事 項者。

一一、公務機關之人員專為執行個人職務,於機關內部使用而單獨作成者。

一二、其他法律特別規定者。

第 12 條

公務機關應依當事人之請求,就其保有之個人資料檔案,答覆查詢、提供閱覽或 製給複製本。但有左列情形之一者,不在此限:

一、依前條不予公告者。

二、有妨害公務執行之虞者。

三、有妨害第三人之重大利益之虞者。

第 13 條

公務機關應維護個人資料之正確,並應依職權或當事人之請求適時更正或補充之。

個人資料正確性有爭議者,公務機關應依職權或當事人之請求停止電腦處理及利 用。但因執行職務所必需並註明其爭議或經當事人書面同意者,不在此限。

個人資料電腦處理之特定目的消失或期限屆滿時,公務機關應依職權或當事人之 請求,刪除或停止電腦處理及利用該資料。但因執行職務所必需或經依本法規定 變更目的或經當事人書面同意者,不在此限。

第 14 條

公務機關應備置簿冊,登載第十條第一項所列公告事項,並供查閱。

第 15 條

公務機關受理當事人依本法規定之請求,應於三十日內處理之。其未能於該期間 內處理者,應將其原因以書面通知請求人。

第 16 條

查詢或請求閱覽個人資料或製給複製本者,公務機關得酌收費用。

前項費用數額由各機關定之。

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第 17 條

公務機關保有個人資料檔案者,應指定專人依相關法令辦理安全維護事項,防止 個人資料被竊取、竄改、毀損、滅失或洩漏。

第 三 章 非公務機關之資料處理

第 18 條

非公務機關對個人資料之蒐集或電腦處理,非有特定目的,並符合左列情形之一 者,不得為之:

一、經當事人書面同意者。

二、與當事人有契約或類似契約之關係而對當事人權益無侵害之虞者。

三、已公開之資料且無害於當事人之重大利益者。

四、為學術研究而有必要且無害於當事人之重大利益者。

五、依本法第三條第七款第二目有關之法規及其他法律有特別規定者。

第 19 條

非公務機關未經目的事業主管機關依本法登記並發給執照者,不得為個人資料之 蒐集、電腦處理或國際傳遞及利用。

徵信業及以蒐集或電腦處理個人資料為主要業務之團體或個人,應經目的事業主 管機關許可並經登記及發給執照。

前二項之登記程序、許可要件及收費標準,由中央目的事業主管機關定之。

第 20 條

申請為前條之登記,應具申請書,載明左列事項:

一、申請人之姓名、住、居所。如係法人或非法人團體,其名稱、主事務所、分 事務所或營業所及其代表人或管理人之姓名、住、居所。

二、個人資料檔案名稱。

三、個人資料檔案保有之特定目的。

四、個人資料之類別。

五、個人資料之範圍。

六、個人資料檔案之保有期限。

七、個人資料之蒐集方法。

八、個人資料檔案之利用範圍。

九、國際傳遞個人資料之直接收受者。

一○、個人資料檔案維護負責人之姓名。

一一、個人資料檔案安全維護計畫。

前項應記載之事項有變更者,應於變更後十五日內申請為變更登記。業務終止時,

應於終止事由發生時起一個月內申請為終止登記。

為前項業務終止登記之申請時,應將其保有個人資料之處理方法陳報目的事業主 管機關核准。

(5)

第一項第三款之特定目的與第四款之資料類別,由法務部會同中央目的事業主管 機關定之。

第一項第十一款之個人資料檔案安全維護計畫之標準及第三項之處理方法,由中 央目的事業主管機關定之。

第 21 條

前條申請登記核准後,非公務機關應將前條第一項第一款至第十款所列之事項於 政府公報公告並登載於當地新聞紙。

第 22 條

非公務機關應備置簿冊登載第二十條第一項第一款至第十款所列事項,並供查閱。

第 23 條

非公務機關對個人資料之利用,應於蒐集之特定目的必要範圍內為之。但有左列 情形之一者,得為特定目的外之利用:

一、為增進公共利益者。

二、為免除當事人之生命、身體、自由或財產上之急迫危險者。

三、為防止他人權益之重大危害而有必要者。

四、當事人書面同意者。

第 24 條

非公務機關為國際傳遞及利用個人資料,而有左列情形之一者,目的事業主管機 關得限制之:

一、涉及國家重大利益者。

二、國際條約或協定有特別規定者。

三、接受國對於個人資料之保護未有完善之法令,致有損當事人權益之虞者。

四、以迂迴方法向第三國傳遞或利用個人資料規避本法者。

第 25 條

目的事業主管機關,認有必要時,得派員攜帶證明文件,對於應受其許可或登記 之非公務機關,就本法規定之相關事項命其提供有關資料或為其他必要之配合措 施,並得進入檢查。經發現有違反本法規定之資料,得扣押之。

對於前項之命令、檢查或扣押,非公務機關不得規避、妨礙或拒絕。

第 26 條

第十二條、第十三條、第十五條、第十六條第一項及第十七條之規定,於非公務 機關準用之。

非公務機關準用第十六條第一項規定酌收費用之標準,由中央目的事業主管機關 定之。

第 四 章 損害賠償及其他救濟 第 27 條

公務機關違反本法規定,致當事人權益受損害者,應負損害賠償責任。但損害因 天災、事變或其他不可抗力所致者,不在此限。

(6)

被害人雖非財產上之損害,亦得請求賠償相當之金額;其名譽被侵害者,並得請 求為回復名譽之適當處分。

前二項損害賠償總額,以每人每一事件新臺幣二萬元以上十萬元以下計算。但能 證明其所受之損害額高於該金額者,不在此限。

基於同一原因事實應對當事人負損害賠償責任者,其合計最高總額以新臺幣二千 萬元為限。

第二項請求權,不得讓與或繼承。但以金額賠償之請求權已依契約承諾或已起訴 者,不在此限。

第 28 條

非公務機關違反本法規定,致當事人權益受損害者,應負損害賠償責任。但能證 明其無故意或過失者,不在此限。

依前項規定請求賠償者,適用前條第二項至第五項之規定。

第 29 條

損害賠償請求權,自請求權人知有損害及賠償義務人時起,因二年間不行使而消 滅;自損害發生時起,逾五年者,亦同。

第 30 條

損害賠償,除依本法規定外,公務機關適用國家賠償法之規定,非公務機關適用 民法之規定。

第 31 條

當事人向公務機關行使第四條所定之權利,經拒絕或未於第十五條所定之期限內 處理者,當事人得於拒絕後或期限屆滿後二十日內,以書面向其監督機關請求為 適當之處理。

前項監督機關應於收受請求後二個月內,將處理結果以書面通知請求人。

第 32 條

當事人向非公務機關行使第四條所定之權利,經拒絕後,當事人得於拒絕後或期 限屆滿後二十日內,以書面向其目的事業主管機關請求為適當之處理。

前項目的事業主管機關應於收受請求後二個月內,將處理結果以書面通知請求 人。認其請求有理由者,並應限期命該非公務機關改正之。

第 五 章 罰則 第 33 條

意圖營利違反第七條、第八條、第十八條、第十九條第一項、第二項、第二十三 條之規定或依第二十四條所發布之限制命令,致生損害於他人者,處二年以下有 期徒刑、拘役或科或併科新臺幣四萬元以下罰金。

第 34 條

意圖為自己或第三人不法之利益或損害他人之利益,而對於個人資料檔案為非法 輸出、干擾、變更、刪除或以其他非法方法妨害個人資料檔案之正確,致生損害 於他人者,處三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或科新臺幣五萬元以下罰金。

第 35 條

(7)

公務員假借職務上之權力、機會或方法,犯前二條之罪者,加重其刑至二分之一。

第 36 條

本章之罪,須告訴乃論。

第 37 條

犯本章之罪,其他法律有較重處罰規定者,從其規定。

第 38 條

有左列情事之一者,由目的事業主管機關處負責人新臺幣二萬元以上十萬元以下 罰鍰,並令限期改正,逾期未改正者,按次處罰之:

一、違反第十八條規定者。

二、違反第十九條第一項或第二項規定者。

三、違反第二十三條規定者。

四、違反依第二十四條所發布之限制命令者。

有前項第一款、第三款或第四款之情事,其情節重大者,並得撤銷依本法所為之 許可或登記。

第 39 條

有左列情事之一者,由目的事業主管機關限期改正,逾期未改正者,按次處負責 人新臺幣一萬元以上五萬元以下罰鍰:

一、違反第二十條第二項之規定者。

二、違反第二十一條關於登載於當地新聞紙之規定者。

三、違反第二十二條規定者。

四、違反第二十六條第一項準用第十二條、第十三條、第十五條、第十七條之規 定者。

五、違反第二十六條第二項之收費標準者。

有前項第一款、第二款、第三款或第四款之情事,其情節重大者,並得撤銷依本 法所為之許可或登記。

第 40 條

有左列情事之一者,由目的事業主管機關,按次處負責人新臺幣一萬元以上五萬 元以下罰鍰:

一、不遵守目的事業主管機關依第二十條第三項核准方法處理者。

二、違反第二十五條第二項規定者。

三、違反依第三十二條第二項限期改正命令者。

有前項第二款或第三款之情事,其情節重大者,並得撤銷依本法所為之許 可或登記。

第 41 條

依本法所處之罰鍰,經通知限期繳納而逾期不繳納者,移送法院強制執行。

第 六 章 附則 第 42 條

法務部辦理協調連繫本法執行之相關事項;其協調連繫辦法,由法務部定之。

(8)

依本法規定應由目的事業主管機關辦理之事項,如無目的事業主管機關者,由法 務部辦理之。

非公務機關個人資料之蒐集、電腦處理及利用之登記、公告或其他事項之管理,

法務部及目的事業主管機關必要時得委託公益團體辦理之。

第 43 條

本法公布施行前已從事個人資料之蒐集或電腦處理,而依本法規定應申請登記或 許可者,應於本法施行之日起一年內補辦之。

經法務部會同中央目的事業主管機關依第三條第七款第三目指定之事業、團體或 個人,應於指定之日起六個月內,辦理登記或許可。

逾期未為前二項之申請或申請未獲核准者,以未經核准登記或許可論處。

第 44 條

本法施行細則,由法務部定之。

第 45 條 本法自公布日施行。

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附錄二 附錄二 附錄二 附錄二

U.S.C. §§§§1232g. Family educational and privacy rights

(a) Conditions for availability of funds to educational agencies or institutions;

inspection and review of education records; specific information to be made available;

procedure for access to education records; reasonableness of time for such access;

hearings; written explanations by parents; definitions (1)

(A) No funds shall be made available under any applicable program to any educational agency or institution which has a policy of denying, or which effectively prevents, the parents of students who are or have been in attendance at a school of such agency or at such institution, as the case may be, the right to inspect and review the education records of their children. If any material or document in the education record of a student includes information on more than one student, the parents of one of such students shall have the right to inspect and review only such part of such material or document as relates to such student or to be informed of the specific information contained in such part of such material. Each educational agency or institution shall establish appropriate procedures for the granting of a request by parents for access to the education records of their children within a reasonable period of time, but in no case more than forty-five days after the request has been made.

(B) No funds under any applicable program shall be made available to any State educational agency (whether or not that agency is an educational agency or institution under this section) that has a policy of denying, or effectively prevents, the parents of students the right to inspect and review the education records maintained by the State educational agency on their children who are or have been in attendance at any school of an educational agency or institution that is subject to the provisions of this section.

(C) The first sentence of subparagraph (A) shall not operate to make available to students in institutions of postsecondary education the following materials:

(i) financial records of the parents of the student or any information contained therein;

(ii) confidential letters and statements of recommendation, which were placed in the education records prior to January 1, 1975, if such letters or statements are not used for purposes other than those for which they were specifically intended;

(iii) if the student has signed a waiver of the student’s right of access under this subsection in accordance with subparagraph (D), confidential recommendations—

(I) respecting admission to any educational agency or institution, (II) respecting an application for employment, and

(III) respecting the receipt of an honor or honorary recognition.

(D) A student or a person applying for admission may waive his right of access to

(10)

confidential statements described in clause (iii) of subparagraph (C), except that such waiver shall apply to recommendations only if

(i) the student is, upon request, notified of the names of all persons making confidential recommendations and

(ii) such recommendations are used solely for the purpose for which they were

specifically intended. Such waivers may not be required as a condition for admission to, receipt of financial aid from, or receipt of any other services or benefits from such agency or institution.

(2) No funds shall be made available under any applicable program to any educational agency or institution unless the parents of students who are or have been in attendance at a school of such agency or at such institution are provided an opportunity for a

hearing by such agency or institution, in accordance with regulations of the Secretary, to challenge the content of such student’s education records, in order to insure that the records are not inaccurate, misleading, or otherwise in violation of the privacy rights of students, and to provide an opportunity for the correction or deletion of any such inaccurate, misleading or otherwise inappropriate data contained therein and to insert into such records a written explanation of the parents respecting the content of such records.

(3) For the purposes of this section the term “educational agency or institution” means any public or private agency or institution which is the recipient of funds under any applicable program.

(4)

(A) For the purposes of this section, the term “education records” means, except as may be provided otherwise in subparagraph (B), those records, files, documents, and other materials which—

(i) contain information directly related to a student; and

(ii) are maintained by an educational agency or institution or by a person acting for such agency or institution.

(B) The term “education records” does not include—

(i) records of instructional, supervisory, and administrative personnel and educational personnel ancillary thereto which are in the sole possession of the maker thereof and which are not accessible or revealed to any other person except a substitute;

(ii) records maintained by a law enforcement unit of the educational agency or institution that were created by that law enforcement unit for the purpose of law enforcement;

(iii) in the case of persons who are employed by an educational agency or institution but who are not in attendance at such agency or institution, records made and maintained in the normal course of business which relate exclusively to such person in that person’s

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(iv) records on a student who is eighteen years of age or older, or is attending an institution of postsecondary education, which are made or maintained by a physician, psychiatrist, psychologist, or other recognized professional or paraprofessional acting in his professional or paraprofessional capacity, or assisting in that capacity, and which are made, maintained, or used only in connection with the provision of treatment to the student, and are not available to anyone other than persons providing such treatment, except that such records can be personally reviewed by a physician or other appropriate professional of the student’s choice.

(5)

(A) For the purposes of this section the term “directory information” relating to a student includes the following: the student’s name, address, telephone listing, date and place of birth, major field of study, participation in officially recognized activities and sports, weight and height of members of athletic teams, dates of attendance, degrees and awards received, and the most recent previous educational agency or institution

attended by the student.

(B) Any educational agency or institution making public directory information shall give public notice of the categories of information which it has designated as such information with respect to each student attending the institution or agency and shall allow a reasonable period of time after such notice has been given for a parent to inform the institution or agency that any or all of the information designated should not be released without the parent’s prior consent.

(6) For the purposes of this section, the term “student” includes any person with respect to whom an educational agency or institution maintains education records or personally identifiable information, but does not include a person who has not been in attendance at such agency or institution.

(b) Release of education records; parental consent requirement; exceptions; compliance with judicial orders and subpoenas; audit and evaluation of federally-supported

education programs; recordkeeping

(1) No funds shall be made available under any applicable program to any educational agency or institution which has a policy or practice of permitting the release of

education records (or personally identifiable information contained therein other than directory information, as defined in paragraph (5) of subsection (a) of this section) of students without the written consent of their parents to any individual, agency, or organization, other than to the following—

(A) other school officials, including teachers within the educational institution or local educational agency, who have been determined by such agency or institution to have legitimate educational interests, including the educational interests of the child for whom consent would otherwise be required;

(B) officials of other schools or school systems in which the student seeks or intends to

(12)

enroll, upon condition that the student’s parents be notified of the transfer, receive a copy of the record if desired, and have an opportunity for a hearing to challenge the content of the record;

(C)

(i) authorized representatives of

(I) the Comptroller General of the United States, (II) the Secretary, or

(III) State educational authorities, under the conditions set forth in paragraph (3), or (ii) authorized representatives of the Attorney General for law enforcement purposes under the same conditions as apply to the Secretary under paragraph (3);

(D) in connection with a student’s application for, or receipt of, financial aid;

(E) State and local officials or authorities to whom such information is specifically allowed to be reported or disclosed pursuant to State statute adopted—

(i) before November 19, 1974, if the allowed reporting or disclosure concerns the juvenile justice system and such system’s ability to effectively serve the student whose records are released, or

(ii) after November 19, 1974, if—

(I) the allowed reporting or disclosure concerns the juvenile justice system and such system’s ability to effectively serve, prior to adjudication, the student whose records are released; and

(II) the officials and authorities to whom such information is disclosed certify in writing to the educational agency or institution that the information will not be disclosed to any other party except as provided under State law without the prior written consent of the parent of the student.[1]

(F) organizations conducting studies for, or on behalf of, educational agencies or institutions for the purpose of developing, validating, or administering predictive tests, administering student aid programs, and improving instruction, if such studies are conducted in such a manner as will not permit the personal identification of students and their parents by persons other than representatives of such organizations and such information will be destroyed when no longer needed for the purpose for which it is conducted;

(G) accrediting organizations in order to carry out their accrediting functions;

(H) parents of a dependent student of such parents, as defined in section 152 of title 26;

(I) subject to regulations of the Secretary, in connection with an emergency, appropriate persons if the knowledge of such information is necessary to protect the health or safety of the student or other persons; and

(J)

(i) the entity or persons designated in a Federal grand jury subpoena, in which case the

(13)

officer, director, employee, agent, or attorney for such agency or institution) on which the subpoena is served, to not disclose to any person the existence or contents of the subpoena or any information furnished to the grand jury in response to the subpoena;

and

(ii) the entity or persons designated in any other subpoena issued for a law enforcement purpose, in which case the court or other issuing agency may order, for good cause shown, the educational agency or institution (and any officer, director, employee, agent, or attorney for such agency or institution) on which the subpoena is served, to not disclose to any person the existence or contents of the subpoena or any information furnished in response to the subpoena.

Nothing in subparagraph (E) of this paragraph shall prevent a State from further limiting the number or type of State or local officials who will continue to have access

thereunder.

(2) No funds shall be made available under any applicable program to any educational agency or institution which has a policy or practice of releasing, or providing access to, any personally identifiable information in education records other than directory information, or as is permitted under paragraph (1) of this subsection, unless—

(A) there is written consent from the student’s parents specifying records to be released, the reasons for such release, and to whom, and with a copy of the records to be released to the student’s parents and the student if desired by the parents, or

(B) except as provided in paragraph (1)(J), such information is furnished in compliance with judicial order, or pursuant to any lawfully issued subpoena, upon condition that parents and the students are notified of all such orders or subpoenas in advance of the compliance therewith by the educational institution or agency.

(3) Nothing contained in this section shall preclude authorized representatives of (A) the Comptroller General of the United States,

(B) the Secretary, or

(C) State educational authorities from having access to student or other records which may be necessary in connection with the audit and evaluation of Federally-supported education programs, or in connection with the enforcement of the Federal legal

requirements which relate to such programs: Provided, That except when collection of personally identifiable information is specifically authorized by Federal law, any data collected by such officials shall be protected in a manner which will not permit the personal identification of students and their parents by other than those officials, and such personally identifiable data shall be destroyed when no longer needed for such audit, evaluation, and enforcement of Federal legal requirements.

(4)

(A) Each educational agency or institution shall maintain a record, kept with the education records of each student, which will indicate all individuals (other than those

(14)

specified in paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection), agencies, or organizations which have requested or obtained access to a student’s education records maintained by such educational agency or institution, and which will indicate specifically the legitimate interest that each such person, agency, or organization has in obtaining this information.

Such record of access shall be available only to parents, to the school official and his assistants who are responsible for the custody of such records, and to persons or organizations authorized in, and under the conditions of, clauses (A) and (C) of paragraph (1) as a means of auditing the operation of the system.

(B) With respect to this subsection, personal information shall only be transferred to a third party on the condition that such party will not permit any other party to have access to such information without the written consent of the parents of the student. If a third party outside the educational agency or institution permits access to information in violation of paragraph (2)(A), or fails to destroy information in violation of paragraph (1)(F), the educational agency or institution shall be prohibited from permitting access to information from education records to that third party for a period of not less than five years.

(5) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit State and local educational officials from having access to student or other records which may be necessary in connection with the audit and evaluation of any federally or State supported education program or in connection with the enforcement of the Federal legal requirements which relate to any such program, subject to the conditions specified in the proviso in

paragraph (3).

(6)

(A) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit an institution of postsecondary education from disclosing, to an alleged victim of any crime of violence (as that term is defined in section 16 of title 18), or a nonforcible sex offense, the final results of any disciplinary proceeding conducted by such institution against the alleged perpetrator of such crime or offense with respect to such crime or offense.

(B) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit an institution of postsecondary education from disclosing the final results of any disciplinary proceeding conducted by such institution against a student who is an alleged perpetrator of any crime of violence (as that term is defined in section 16 of title 18), or a nonforcible sex offense, if the institution determines as a result of that disciplinary proceeding that the student

committed a violation of the institution’s rules or policies with respect to such crime or offense.

(C) For the purpose of this paragraph, the final results of any disciplinary proceeding—

(i) shall include only the name of the student, the violation committed, and any sanction imposed by the institution on that student; and

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the written consent of that other student.

(7)

(A) Nothing in this section may be construed to prohibit an educational institution from disclosing information provided to the institution under section 14071 of title 42

concerning registered sex offenders who are required to register under such section.

(B) The Secretary shall take appropriate steps to notify educational institutions that disclosure of information described in subparagraph (A) is permitted.

(c) Surveys or data-gathering activities; regulations

Not later than 240 days after October 20, 1994, the Secretary shall adopt appropriate regulations or procedures, or identify existing regulations or procedures, which protect the rights of privacy of students and their families in connection with any surveys or data-gathering activities conducted, assisted, or authorized by the Secretary or an administrative head of an education agency. Regulations established under this

subsection shall include provisions controlling the use, dissemination, and protection of such data. No survey or data-gathering activities shall be conducted by the Secretary, or an administrative head of an education agency under an applicable program, unless such activities are authorized by law.

(d) Students’ rather than parents’ permission or consent

For the purposes of this section, whenever a student has attained eighteen years of age, or is attending an institution of postsecondary education, the permission or consent required of and the rights accorded to the parents of the student shall thereafter only be required of and accorded to the student.

(e) Informing parents or students of rights under this section

No funds shall be made available under any applicable program to any educational agency or institution unless such agency or institution effectively informs the parents of students, or the students, if they are eighteen years of age or older, or are attending an institution of postsecondary education, of the rights accorded them by this section.

(f) Enforcement; termination of assistance

The Secretary shall take appropriate actions to enforce this section and to deal with violations of this section, in accordance with this chapter, except that action to terminate assistance may be taken only if the Secretary finds there has been a failure to comply with this section, and he has determined that compliance cannot be secured by voluntary means.

(g) Office and review board; creation; functions

The Secretary shall establish or designate an office and review board within the Department for the purpose of investigating, processing, reviewing, and adjudicating violations of this section and complaints which may be filed concerning alleged violations of this section. Except for the conduct of hearings, none of the functions of the Secretary under this section shall be carried out in any of the regional offices of such

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Department.

(h) Disciplinary records; disclosure

Nothing in this section shall prohibit an educational agency or institution from—

(1) including appropriate information in the education record of any student concerning disciplinary action taken against such student for conduct that posed a significant risk to the safety or well-being of that student, other students, or other members of the school community; or

(2) disclosing such information to teachers and school officials, including teachers and school officials in other schools, who have legitimate educational interests in the behavior of the student.

(i) Drug and alcohol violation disclosures (1) In general

Nothing in this Act or the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] shall be construed to prohibit an institution of higher education from disclosing, to a parent or legal guardian of a student, information regarding any violation of any Federal, State, or local law, or of any rule or policy of the institution, governing the use or possession of alcohol or a controlled substance, regardless of whether that information is contained in the student’s education records, if—

(A) the student is under the age of 21; and

(B) the institution determines that the student has committed a disciplinary violation with respect to such use or possession.

(2) State law regarding disclosure

Nothing in paragraph (1) shall be construed to supersede any provision of State law that prohibits an institution of higher education from making the disclosure described in subsection (a) of this section.

(j) Investigation and prosecution of terrorism (1) In general

Notwithstanding subsections (a) through (i) of this section or any provision of State law, the Attorney General (or any Federal officer or employee, in a position not lower than an Assistant Attorney General, designated by the Attorney General) may submit a written application to a court of competent jurisdiction for an ex parte order requiring an educational agency or institution to permit the Attorney General (or his designee) to—

(A) collect education records in the possession of the educational agency or institution that are relevant to an authorized investigation or prosecution of an offense listed in section 2332b (g)(5)(B) of title 18, or an act of domestic or international terrorism as defined in section 2331 of that title; and

(B) for official purposes related to the investigation or prosecution of an offense described in paragraph (1)(A), retain, disseminate, and use (including as evidence at

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such guidelines as the Attorney General, after consultation with the Secretary, shall issue to protect confidentiality.

(2) Application and approval

(A) In general.— An application under paragraph (1) shall certify that there are specific and articulable facts giving reason to believe that the education records are likely to contain information described in paragraph (1)(A).

(B) The court shall issue an order described in paragraph (1) if the court finds that the application for the order includes the certification described in subparagraph (A).

(3) Protection of educational agency or institution

An educational agency or institution that, in good faith, produces education records in accordance with an order issued under this subsection shall not be liable to any person for that production.

(4) Record-keeping

Subsection (b)(4) of this section does not apply to education records subject to a court order under this subsection.

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附錄三 附錄三附錄三 附錄三

臺北市國民中學學生學籍管理辦法 臺北市國民中學學生學籍管理辦法 臺北市國民中學學生學籍管理辦法

臺北市國民中學學生學籍管理辦法((((九十七年五月六日修訂) 第 一 條

臺北市政府(以下簡稱本府)為規範臺北市國民中學(以下簡稱國民中學)

學生學籍資料之建立、管理及使用事宜,特依國民教育法第六條第四項規定,訂 定本辦法。

第 二 條

本辦法之主管機關為本府,並依臺北市政府組織自治條例第二條第二項規定,委 任本府教育局執行。

第 三 條

學生於入學或轉入時取得學籍,於轉出或畢業時喪失學籍。

學生每人同時不得有兩個學籍。

學籍資料應以書面或電子方式紀錄並永久保存,有關電子方式紀錄之作業程 序,由主管機關定之。

第 四 條

學生學籍紀錄表應載明下列事項:

一、核准學籍文號及學生照片。

二、學號、姓名、性別、出生年月日、戶籍地址及身分證統一編號(外籍學 生國籍及護照號碼、僑生僑居地)

三、家長或監護人姓名、性別、出生年月日、戶籍地址及身分證統一編號。

四、入學身分別、學歷及入學年月日。

五、中途輟學(以下簡稱中輟)或復學紀錄。

六、轉入轉出(以下簡稱轉學)紀錄。

七、學期成績。

八、畢業年月。

九、其他學籍管理之有關事項。

第 五 條

國民中學於學生入學時,即應建立學籍資料。

本辦法所稱入學,指下列情形:

一、依臺北市公立國民中學新生分發及入學辦法分發入學者。

二、依臺北市私立國民中小學暨附設幼稚園招生實施要點招生入學者。

三、依其他法令規定入學者。

第 六 條

國民中學應於學生編班、編定學號後,製作入學學生名冊及學生證。

第 七 條

國民中學學生之學號,依下列規定編定之:

一、學號前三位數字代表入學學年度之民國年數字,第四及第五位數字分別代表

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性 別 , 男 生 為 五 五 , 女 生 為 五 十 , 第 六 至 第 八 位 數 字 代 表 學 生 學 號 之流水號,按編班之順序,以○○一為首號連續編碼,不得跳號。

二、學生於同一學校就學期間,應使用同一學號,不得變更。

三、轉入學生之學號,應銜接同年級學生學號之末號接續編定,轉學生轉出後再 轉回同一學校就讀者,應使用原編定之學號。

四、中輟學生復學,應使用原編定之學號。

第 八 條

國民中學於學生轉學時,應依下列規定辦理:

一、學生轉出時,應請其填具轉出申請書,並將轉學證明書、學期成績證明 書 、 期 中 轉 學 階 段 成 績 紀 錄 表 及 入 學 回 覆 信 函 密 封 交 學 生 家 長 , 請 其 於 七日內攜至轉入學校報到。

二、學生轉入報到後,轉入學校應於七日內將入學回覆函填妥,寄達轉出學校。

轉 出 學 校 若 於 學 生 轉 出 後 十 四 日 內 未 接 獲 入 學 回 覆 函 , 經 向 轉 入 學 校 查 證 確 未 報 到 者 , 應 即 追 蹤 輔 導 , 並 依 國 民 中 小 學 中 途 輟 學 學 生 通 報 及復學輔導辦法之相關規定辦理。

三、學生轉出、轉入時,應立即登錄在轉出、轉入紀錄簿內,每學期應繕造 學生異動名冊備查。

有關國民中學學生轉學程序之相關規定,由主管機關定之。

第 九 條

國民中學於學生中輟及復學時,應依下列規定辦理:

一、學生於學期開學未到校註冊、轉學一星期未到轉入學校報到或未請假未到校

達 三 日 以 上 應 列 為 中 輟 學 生 , 依 有 關 規 定 辦 理 通 報 、 追 蹤 、 輔 導 等 事宜。

二、學生復學就讀七年級,不得逾十五歲;就讀八年級,不得逾十六歲;就 讀九年級,不得逾十七歲。中輟學生復學時已逾上開規定之年齡限制者,應協助

其就讀補習學校。

三、學生中輟或復學,應隨時登錄於學生學籍紀錄表。

第 十 條

國民中學學生學籍資料相關名冊之繕造期間,應依下列規定辦理:

一、入學學生名冊,應於開學後一個月內造冊完畢。

二、轉入、轉出名冊,應於學期結束後一週內造冊完畢。

三、畢業生名冊,應於畢業後一個月內造冊完畢。

公立國民中學學生學籍資料相關名冊,由各校自行造冊審核及編定學籍,並 妥為保管備查。私立國民中學學生學籍資料相關名冊,應於依前項各款規定 造冊完畢後十日內陳報主管機關核定新生、轉學生學籍。

第 十一 條

學生學籍資料之有關文書、簿冊或電磁紀錄,應專人妥慎保管,並列入移交,如

有 遺 失 、 毀 損 或 非 依 法 令 交 付 他 人 或 使 他 人 知 悉 學 生 個 人 資 料 者 , 依 相

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關規定辦理。

學生之學籍資料,非依法令不得提供閱覽、抄寫、複印、複製或攝影。但學 校教職或輔導人員,因實施教學或輔導學生而有使用學生學籍資料之必要者

,不在此限。

第 十二 條

本辦法自發布日施行。

修正條文第七條自中華民國九十七年八月一日施行。

(21)

附錄四 附錄四 附錄四 附錄四

國民小學及國民中學學生成績評量準則 國民小學及國民中學學生成績評量準則國民小學及國民中學學生成績評量準則

國民小學及國民中學學生成績評量準則 ((((民國民國民國民國 96 96 96 96 年年 05 05 05 05 月月 01 01 01 01 日 修正修正修正修正)))) 第 1 條

本準則依國民教育法第十三條第一項規定訂定之。

第 2 條

國民小學及國民中學 (以下簡稱國民中小學) 學生成績評量旨在了解學生學習情 形,激發學生多元潛能,促進學生適性發展,肯定個別學習成就,並作為教師教 學改進及學生學習輔導之依據。

第 3 條

國民中小學學生成績評量應依學習領域及日常生活表現,分別評量之,其評量範 圍如下:

一、學習領域評量:依能力指標、學生努力程度、進步情形,兼顧認知、

技能、情意等層面,並重視各領域學習結果之分析。

二、日常生活表現評量:學生出缺席情形、獎懲、日常行為表現、團體活 動表現、公共服務及校內外特殊表現等。

第 4 條

國民中小學學生成績評量應本適性化、多元化之原則,兼顧形成性評量、總結性 評量,必要時得實施診斷性評量及安置性評量。

第 5 條

國民中小學學生成績評量,分定期評量及平時評量二種;定期評量之次數,由直 轄市、縣 (市) 主管教育行政機關定之。

第 6 條

國民中小學學生成績評量,應視學生身心發展及個別差異,依各學習領域內容及 活動性質,採取筆試、口試、表演、實作、作業、報告、資料蒐集整理、鑑賞、

晤談、實踐等適當之多元評量方式,並得視實際需要,參酌學生自評、同儕互評 辦理之。

對於身心障礙學生之成績評量方式,應衡酌其學習優勢管道彈性調整之。

前二項成績評量方式,由任課教師依教學計畫在學期初向學生及家長說明

,並負責評量。

第 7 條

國民中小學學生學習領域成績評量紀錄以量化紀錄為之;輔以文字描述時,應依 評量內涵與結果予以說明,並提供具體建議。

前項量化紀錄得以百分制分數計之,至學期末應將其分數依下列基準轉換為等第:

一、優等:九十分以上。

二、甲等:八十分以上未滿九十分。

三、乙等:七十分以上未滿八十分。

四、丙等:六十分以上未滿七十分。

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五、丁等:未滿六十分。

學生日常生活表現紀錄,應就第三條第二款所列項目,分別依行為事實記錄之,

並酌予提供具體建議,不作綜合性評價及等第轉化。但學校對於九十五學年度前 已入學國民小學或國民中學之學生實施有困難者,得不適用之。

第 8 條

國民中小學學生成績評量紀錄,每學期至少應以書面通知家長及學生一次;其次 數、方式、內容,由直轄市、縣 (市) 主管教育行政機關定之。

第 9 條

國民中小學學生修業期滿,成績及格,由學校發給畢業證書。

第 10 條

國民中小學學生成績評量結果及紀錄,應本保密及維護學生權益原則,非經學校、

家長及學生本人同意,不得提供作為非教育之用。

第 11 條

國民中小學學生各項成績評量相關表冊,由直轄市、縣 (市) 主管教育行政機關 定之。

第 12 條

本準則自中華民國九十年八月一日施行。

本準則修正條文自中華民國九十四年八月一日施行。

本準則中華民國九十五年五月十日修正發布之條文,自中華民國九十五年八月一 日施行。

本準則中華民國九十六年五月一日修正之第七條,自九十五年八月一日施行。

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附錄五 附錄五 附錄五 附錄五

學校訂定教師輔導與管教學生辦法注意事項 學校訂定教師輔導與管教學生辦法注意事項學校訂定教師輔導與管教學生辦法注意事項

學校訂定教師輔導與管教學生辦法注意事項((((節錄節錄節錄節錄))))

92 年 5 月 30 日台訓(一)字第 0920074060 號函訂定 94 年 9 月 6 日台訓(一)字第 0940121652 號函修正 96 年 6 月 22 日台訓(一)字第 0960093909 號函修正

第二章 輔導與管教之目的及原則 十五、處罰之正當法律程序

學校或教師處罰學生,應視情況適度給予學生陳述意見之機會,以了解其行為動 機與目的等重要情狀,並適當說明處罰所針對之違規行為、實施處罰之理由及處 罰之手段。

學生對於教師之處罰措施提出異議,教師認為有理由者,得斟酌情形,調整所執 行之處罰措施,必要時得將學生移請學務處(訓導處)或輔導處(室)處置。

教師應依學生或其監護權人之請求,說明處罰過程及理由。

十六、對學生與監護權人之資訊公開及溝通

學校應對學生及監護權人公開學校所訂之教師輔導與管教學生辦法、校規、有關 學生權益之法令規定、權利救濟途徑等相關資訊。

監護權人或學校家長會對學校所訂之教師輔導與管教學生辦法及其他相關事項有 不同意見時,得向教師或學校提出意見。

教師或學校於接獲意見時,應溝通協調及說明理由,認為監護權人意見有理由時,

應予修正或調整;認為無理由時,應提出說明。

十七、個人或家庭資料之保護

教師因輔導與管教學生所取得之個人或家庭資料,非依法律規定,不得對外公開 或洩漏。

學生或監護權人得依政府資訊公開法、行政程序法第四十六條、電腦處理個人資 料保護法及相關規定,向學校申請閱覽學生個人或家庭資料。但以主張或維護其 權利或法律上利益確有必要者為限。

第三章 輔導與管教之方式 十八、對學生之輔導

教師應以通訊、面談或家訪等方式,對學生實施生活輔導,必要時做成記錄。

學生身心狀況特殊,需要專業協助時,教師應主動要求輔導單位或其他相關單位 協助。

三十六、教師或學校之通報方式

教師或學校知悉兒童及少年保護、家庭暴力、性侵害及校園性騷擾事件,應於知 悉事件二十四小時內依法進行責任通報(一一三專線),並進行校園安全事件通

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報,由校長啟動危機處理機制。

學校通報前項事件時,應以密件處理,並注意維護被害人之秘密及隱私,不得洩 漏或公開,對於通報人之身分資料應予以保密,以維謢學生個人及相關人員隱私。

四十四、申訴之提起

學生對於教師或學校有關其個人之輔導與管教措施,如有不服,教師及學校應告 知學生得於該輔導與管教措施發生之次日起二十日內,以書面或言詞向學生申訴 評議委員會提起申訴。其以言詞為之者,學校或主管機關應錄音或作成紀錄。

學生之父母、監護人或其受託人,得為學生之代理人提起申訴。

學校對學生之處分或措施,應於通知書上附記如有不服,得於通知書送達之次日 起二十日內,以書面向學生申訴評議委員會提起申訴。

第一項言詞作成之紀錄,應載明下列事項:

(一)學生或代理人姓名、身分證明文件字號、就學之年級及班級或服務單位、

住居所、聯絡電話及申請調查日期。

(二)學生委任代理人代為申訴者,應檢附委任書,並載明其姓名、身分證明文 件字號、住居所、聯絡電話。

(三)申請調查之主要事實內容及其相關證據。

(四)經向申訴人確認其內容無誤後,由其簽名或蓋章。

參考文獻

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