Odontochilus poilanei (Gagnep.) Ormerod (Orchidaceae), A Newly Recorded Species in Taiwan
Chih-Kai Yang,1,2) Hsin-Ting Yeh,1,4) Chong-Sheng Leou,1) Ya-Nan Wang1,3)
【Summary】
Odontochilus (Orchidaceae), comprises about 40 species, from northern India and the Hima- layas through Southeast Asia, as far north as Japan, and east to the southwestern Pacific islands.
Four species of Odontochilus were recorded in the 2nd edition of the Flora of Taiwan. The occur- rence of the fifth species, O. nanlingensis, was reported from northern Taiwan in 2009. The present paper reports an additional new distributional record, O. poilanei (Gagnep.) Ormerod, from central Taiwan.This species was previously known to occur in Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Japan, and southern China. In this paper, a taxonomic description, line drawings, a distribution map, color photographs, conservation status, and a key to the 6 Odontochilus spp. in Taiwan are provided.
Key words: Orchidaceae, Odontochilus, Odontochilus poilanei, newly recorded species, Taiwan.
Yang CK, Yeh HT, Leou CS, Wang YN. 2014. Odontochilus poilanei (Gagnep.) Ormerod (Orchi- daceae), a newly recorded species in Taiwan. Taiwan J For Sci 29(1):79-84.
1)The Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan Univ., 12 Chienshan Rd., Sec. 1, Chushan Township, Nantou 55750, Taiwan. 國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院
實驗林管理處，57750南投縣竹山鎮前山路一段12號。
2)Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal Univ., 88 Tingchow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. 國立臺灣師範大學生命科學系，11677臺北市文山區汀州路四段88號。
3)School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan Univ., 1 Roosevelt Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. 國立臺灣大學森林環境暨資源學系，10617臺北市羅斯福路四段1號。
4)Corresponding author, e-mail:[email protected] 通訊作者。
Received September 2013, Accepted December 2013. 2013年9月送審 2013年12月通過。
研究簡報
臺灣新紀錄蘭科植物-齒爪齒唇蘭
楊智凱1,2) 葉信廷1,4) 柳重勝1) 王亞男1,3)
摘 要
蘭科齒唇蘭屬植物全世界約有40種，分布從北印度和喜馬拉雅山經東南亞，北至日本，東至西 南太平洋島嶼。據臺灣植物誌第二版記載及最近發表的南嶺齒唇蘭，臺灣共有五種該屬植物分布。
本文描述最近發現於臺灣中部地區的新紀錄蘭科植物-齒爪齒唇蘭(Odontochilus poilanei (Gagnep.) Ormerod)，該種原分布於越南、緬甸、泰國、日本及中國南部。除分類描述外，本文提供該種之地理 分布、線繪圖、照片、保育等級及臺灣6種齒唇蘭之檢索表，以與本屬其他種類區別。
關鍵詞：蘭科、齒唇蘭屬、齒爪齒唇蘭、新紀錄、臺灣。
楊智凱、葉信廷、柳重勝、王亞男。2014。臺灣新紀錄蘭科植物-齒爪齒唇蘭。台灣林業科學29(1):79- 84。
INTRODUCTON
Species of Odontochilus are distrib- uted from northern India and the Himalayas through Southeast Asia, as far north as Japan, and east to the southwestern Pacific islands, with about 40 species in the world (Chen et al. 2009). Four species of Odontochilus were recorded in the 2nd edition of the Flora of Taiwan (Su 2002). The occurrence of a fifth species, O. nanlingensis, was reported by Hsu and Chung (2009a) from northern Taiwan. The present paper documents an ad- ditional new distributional record, O. poilanei (Gagnep.) Ormerod for this island. It was dis- covered in a low-elevation mountainous area of central Taiwan. This species is holomy- cotrophic and is sharply distinct from other known species of Odontochilus known to occur on this island (Su 2000, Hsu and Chung 2009a, b, 2012).
A key to all 6 species of Odontochilus in Taiwan, the taxonomy and a morphological description, conservation status, line draw- ings, color photos, and a distribution map of O. poilanei are presented below.
Key to the species Odontochilus in Taiwan 1.Plants holomycotrophic, achlorophyllous,
and lacking leaves, reddish-brown ...
...O. poilanei 1. Plants autotrophic, leafy, not reddish-
brown.
2. Sepals uniformly green or yellowish- green, sometimes tinged red toward apex; hypochile of lip bisaccate, divided by a central longitudinal septum.
3. Leaves purple, serrulate at margins ...
...O. elwesii 3. Leaves green, entire at margins
4.Adaxial surface of leaves uniformly dark-green; lip white; lateral sepals 8~9 mm ...O. brevistylis 4.Adaxial surface of leaves dark-green
with whitish stripes along midvein and 2 lateral veins; lip yellow; lateral sepals 5~7 mm ...O. lanceolatus 2. Sepals white, pale-green, or purplish,
with either dark-brownish-green patches or purplish-red longitudinal stripes; hy- pochile of lip globose-saccate, aseptate.
5.Plants 7.5~8.5 cm tall; leaf peti- ole-like base and tubular sheath 0.3~0.5 cm; lip 12~13 mm ...
...O. nanlingensis 5.Plants 10~20 cm tall; leaf petiole- like base and tubular sheath of 1.5~3.5 cm; lip 20~24 mm ...
...O. inabai
Taxonomy and morphological description Odontochilus poilanei (Gagnep.) Ormer- od, 2002, Lindleyana, 17, 4: 225.- Evrardia poilanei Gagnep. 1932, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist.
(Paris) 2, ser. 4, 5: 596. Type: Described from southern Vietnam ("Annam, Dаlаt"). Type ("Evrаrd, 1807") ...齒爪齒唇蘭(Figs. 1, 2)
Terrestrial achlorophyllous herb, 10~25
Fig. 1. Odontochilus poilanei (Gagnep.) Ormerod. (A) Habitat; (B) habit; (C) a portion of the infloresence; (D) flower.
cm tall. Leaves absent. Rhizome erect, 4~6 mm in diameter, creamy to white, bearing few buds. Stem erect or ascending, 3.5~4.5 mm in diameter, reddish-brown and shortly pu-
bescent above, becoming light reddish-brown and glabrous below. Bracts ovate, 1~1.8 cm long, reddish-brown, lower ones sheathed.
Inflorescence a raceme, 7.5 cm long, few- to Fig. 2. Odontochilus poilanei (Gagnep.) Ormerod. 1. Habit; 2. floral bract; 3~5. flower, various views; 6. column and lip, side view; 7. hood, inside; 8. hood, lateral side; 9. dorsal sepal, inside; 10. petal, inside; 11. lateral sepal, inside; 12. lip, abaxial side; 13 and 14. calli;
15. column and ovary, lateral side; 16. column and upper part of ovary, ventral side; 17.
anther, dorsal side; 18. anther, ventral side; 19 and 20. pollinia.
Fig. 3. Distribution of Odontochilus poilanei (Gagnep.) Ormerod in Taiwan.
13-flowered, rhachis shortly pubescent. Floral bracts oblong, acute at both ends, subequal in length to ovary, with short pubescence abaxi- ally. Ovary cylindrical, 10~12 mm long with short hairs. Flowers not resupinate, orangish- red or reddish-brown except for yellow lip epichile. Sepals reddish-brown, hairy outside;
dorsal one lanceolate-ovate, concave, 6.5 mm long, 3 mm wide; lateral ones obliquely elliptic, concave, 10 mm long, 4 mm wide.
Petals obliquely linear-lanceolate, glabrous, 7 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, irregularly toothed at outer margins near base, inner halves ap- pressed to dorsal sepal and forming a hood.
Lip tripartite, 13~14 mm long, 13~14 mm wide, covered with fine papillose hairs on both surfaces; hypochile light-yellow, sac- cate, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, bearing 2 flat papillae near base and a low keel along midrib, mesochile reddish-brown, narrow, canaliculated, 5~6 mm long, bearing flanges along lateral side, flanges 6~7 mm long, 2~2.5 mm wide, irregularly toothed or laciniate at
margins; epichile yellow, subrectangular, 4~5 mm long, 13~14 mm wide, bilobed, lobes cleft halfway to midrib and forming 2 lob- ules, distal lobules smaller but prominent, spreading, linear-lanceolate, pointing to distal end, proximal lobules larger, more or less quadrate-orbicular, bearing 1 or 2 teeth at distal margins, entirely folded, or irregularly wavy, or rarely laciniate at lateral margins.
Column bent to 1 side, stalked, 5 mm tall, bearing 2 ventral appendages below stigma, appendages tabular, arched, quadrate at lat- eral side; rostellam erect, triangular-oblong, 3 mm tall; stigma 2, ventral, located near base of rostellum, connated with their upper (distal) halves to form a dumbbell-shaped receptive area; anther triangular-ovate, 2.5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, cap orangish-red, th- eca orangish-yellow; pollinia 2, light-yellow, 1 mm long, with a slender stalk 1.3 mm long.
Specimen examined: Taiwan. Nantou County, Lugu Township, 19 Aug. 2013, C. K.
Yang & H. T. Yeh 1890 (Herbarium, National Taiwan Normal Univ., TNU).
Distribution and habitat: Odontochi- lus poilanei is so far known to occur in mid- elevation mountainous areas of southeastern Tibet, southeastern Yunnan (China), Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, and southern Vietnam (Wu et al. 2009). In Taiwan it was found on the Alishan Mountain Range, along borders of secondary forests and bamboo forests at about 700 m in elevation, and is apparently very rare (Fig. 3). Its flowering period is from late July to August.
Conservation status. Only 1 locality with fewer than 10 adult individuals is currently known to exist in an area of 10 km2. Ac- cording to the IUCN red list criteria (IUCN 2001), this species is categorized as ‘critically endangered’ (CR D1+ B2). It is listed as an extinct species in Japan (J-IBIS, Japan Inte- grated Biodiversity Information System).
Note: The morphology of O. poilanei is similar to that of O. guangdongensis, but O. poilanei can be distinguished from O.
guangdongensis by its dorsal sepal which is 7 mm long and 4 mm wide (vs. 3.8~4 mm long and 1.8~2 mm wide), and a T-shaped (vs.
Y-shaped) lip with V-shaped lacunae (vs. no lacunae) at apex.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research was supported by a re- search grant from The Experimental Forest of National Taiwan Univ. We thank the anony- mous reviewers for their valuable comments.
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