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不同划頻與划幅組合之探討以自由式為例

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等人(1990)利用三部 Panasonic AG-450 S-VHS 攝影機拍攝 1988 年漢城奧運 100 公尺游泳比賽 全程,之後以錄放影機 (Panasonic AG-6300)以每秒 30 張的播放速度分析計算參賽選手的划 頻、划幅等基本資料;Chengalur & Brown(1992)也同樣利用三部速度(60Hz)的攝影機拍攝 1988

年漢城奧運會游泳 200 公尺參賽選手的的比賽過程,之後以錄放影機進行分析取得每位選手

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臺北市,東華書局。

6.曾俊堯(2006)。青少年泳游選手 100 公尺捷泳分段策略。未出版碩士論文,花蓮縣,國立 花蓮教育大學體育教學碩士學位班。

7.Arellano, R., Brown, P., Cappaert, J., & Nelson, R.(1994). Analysis of 50-m 100-m and 200-m freestyle swimmers at the 1992 Olympic Game. Journal of Applied Biomechanices. 10. 189-199 8.Costill,D.L .,Kovaleski,J.,Porter,D.,Kirwan,J.,Fielding,R.,&KingD.(1985).Energy e xpenditure

during front crawl swimming: Predicting success in middle distance event s.International Journal of Sports and Medicine,6,266-270

9.Chatard,J.C.,Collomp,C., Maglishco,E.,&Maglisho C .(1990).Swimming skill and stroking characteristics of front crawl swimmers. International Journal of Sports and

Medicine,11(2),156-161

10.Chollet D., Tourny, C., Gleizes, F., Sidney, M.,& Pelayo, P.(1997). How do expert swi mmers structure the 100 m freestyle. Science and Sports 12(4), 232-240.

11.Costill,D.L.,Kovaleski,J.,Porter,D.,Kirwan,J.,Fielding,R.,&King D.(1985).Energy expenditure during front crawl swimming:Predicting success in middle distance events. International Journal of Sports and Medicine,6,266-270

12.Craig,A.B.Jr.,Skehan,P.L.,Pawelczyk,J.A.,&Boomer,W.L.(1985).Velocity,stroker ate,and distance per stroke during elite swimming competition. Medicine and Sci ence in Sports and Exercise,17, 625-634.

13.Chengalur, S. N., Brown, P. L.(1992).An analysis of male and female Olympic swimmers in the 200-meter events.Canadian Journal of SportScience,17(2):104-109

Grimston ,S.K.,&Hay,J.G.(1986).Relationship among anthropometrics and stroking

characteristics of college swimmers.Medicine and Science in S ports and Exercise,18,60-68 14.Karpovich, P.V. (1935) Analysis of the propelling force in the crawl stroke,Research

Quarterly,6(2):49-58.

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Biomechanics,6,187-197.

16.Keskinen KL, Komi PV (1988a) The stroking characteristics in four different exercises in freestyle swimming. In: de Groot G, Hollander AP, Huijing P, van Ingen Schenau G (eds) Biomechanics XI-B. Free University Press, Amsterdam, pp 839–843

17.Keskinen,K. L., & Komi, P. V. (1993). Stroke characteristics of front crawl swimming during exercise. Journal of Applied Biomechanics,9,219-226.

18.Letzelter, H., Freitag, W. (1983). Stroke length and stroke frequency variations in men’s and women’s 100-m freestyle swimming. Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming:Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium of Biomechanics in Swimming and the Fifth International Congress on Swimming Medicine. Human Kinetics Publishers, c1983, 315-322.

19.Maglischo E.W (1993) Swimming even faster (pp.363–388) Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View, CA (1993)

20.Maglischo, E. W. (2003). Swimming fastest. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Pelayo,P.,Sidney,M.,Kherif,T.,Chollet,D.,&Tourney,C.(1996).Stroking characteristics in freestyle swimming and relationships with anthropometric cha racteristics.Journal of Applied

Biomechanics,12,197-206

21.Siders, W. A.,Lukaski, H.C.,Bolonchuk,W. W.(1993).Relationships among swimming

performance, body composition and somatype in competitive collegiate swimmers.The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness,33,166-171.

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