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適用OFDM無線寬頻通道的模擬 = Wide-Band channel simulation for OFDM wireless systems 賴雅雯、李金椿

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適用OFDM無線寬頻通道的模擬 = Wide-Band channel simulation for OFDM wireless systems

賴雅雯、李金椿

E-mail: [email protected]

摘 要

本文利用抽頭延遲模型(Tapped delay line,TDL)來模擬無線寬頻通道,且引用正弦波疊加法、Monte Carlo法來模擬通道中的 統計特性,並且比較了此兩種方法的優缺點。而在無線寬頻通道(Wide-band Channel)裡,其訊號為頻率選擇性衰落,我們 依據統計的特性可以得知,訊號呈現為瑞雷分布(Rayleigh Distribution)跟萊斯分布(Rician Distribution)。因此在模擬的結果 除了訊號呈現頻率選擇性衰落外,我們還可以發現,此通道具有多重路徑的特性,且其機率密度函數 (Probability Density Function,PDF)也符合統計特性的Rayleigh和Rician的機率密度函數分布。而模擬時也發現使用正弦波疊加法產生Rician衰變 是最為簡單,且計算量也比較小,但是缺點是具有週期性,其隨機性不夠好;而使用Monte Carlo法模擬對於隨機性有較好 的表現,而且使用文獻[13]的近似法可以避免掉第零階貝索函數(Modified Zeroth-order Bessel Function) ,但是在計算量上就 比較大,且K因子愈大,的近似式誤差就愈大。本文引用的兩個通道衰變模擬方法,對於寬頻無線通道而言,都具有良好 的模擬性能,並且有複雜性低和易於實現的優點。

關鍵詞 : 無線寬頻通道模型;正弦波疊加法;正交分頻多工;萊斯衰變;瑞雷衰變 目錄

封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書...........................iii 中文摘要..........

................iv 英文摘要..........................v 誌謝...

.........................vi 目錄.........................

...vii 圖目錄...........................ix 表目錄...............

............xi 第一章 緒論.........................1 第二章 無線通道..

.....................4 2.1 基本傳輸概論......................4 2.2 通道衰變形式......................5 2.2.1 路徑損失(Path Loss).............

...7 2.2.2 遮蔽效應(Shadowing Effect).............8 2.2.3 多重路徑效應.............

........10 2.3 瑞雷分布(Rayleigh Distribution)...........13 2.4 萊斯分布(Rician Distribution)...

.........14 2.5 都普勒效應.......................15 第三章 OFDM訊號與頻譜

...................17 3.1 多載波調變原理.....................18 3.2 OFDM和傳統的分頻多工系統................21 3.3 OFDM架構................

........23 3.4 OFDM串列與並行概念...................29 3.5保護區間和循環前綴.

...................31 第四章 寬頻無線通道模擬及分析................34 4.1 寬頻通道........................34 4.2 寬頻通道模擬................

......35 4.2.1 通道模型.......................36 4.2.2 正弦波疊加法.......

..............37 4.2.3 Monte Carlo法....................38 4.3 模擬結果..

......................40 4.3.1 正弦波疊加法模擬結果................

.40 4.3.2 Monte Carlo法模擬結果................44 第五章 結論................

.........48 參考文獻...........................49 參考文獻

[1] Salzberg, B, R., “Performance of an efficient parallel data transmission system”, IEEE Trans. Commun, 1967.

[2] Weinstein, S.B.,and P. M. Ebert, “Data Transmission by Frequency Division Multiplexing Using the Discrete Fouier Transform” , IEEE Trans. Commun., 1971 [3] R. V. Nee and R. Prasad, “OFDM for Wireless Multimedia communications” , Artech House, 1999 [4] Neng Wang and Steven D. Blostein, “Adaptive Zero-Padding OFDM over Frequency-Selective Multipat” , Aug21, 2003.

[5] Ding-Bing Lin, Juin-Hau Shiu, and Hsin-Piao Lin, “Design of High-Speed Frequency Selective Fading Channel Simulator by Using Table Look-Up Techniques”, Institute of Computer, Communication and Control, 2003 [6] Ding-Bing Lin, Hsin-Piao Lin, Juin-Hau Shiu,

“Simulation of Frequency Selective Fading Channel by Using Deterministic Simulation Model”, Proceedings of National Symposium on

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telecom. Taiwan, 2002.

[7] W. C. Jake, Ed., “Microwave Mobile Communications Piscataway” , IEEE Press, 1993.

[8] Matthias Patzold. A Deterministic Digital Simulation Model for Suzuki Processed with Application to a Shadowed Rayleigh Land Mobile Radio Channel. IEEE Trans. 1996.

[9] 劉允中, “Channel Estimations Schemes for OFDM Radio Systems With Pilot Channels”, 大葉大學, 2004.

[10] Rappaport, T. S., “Wireless Communications”, Upper Saddle River, Prentice-Hall, 1996.

[11] 楊嘉豪, “Performance Simulation of DS-CDMA and OFDM Combined System in Radio Fading Channel”, 大葉大學, 2005.

[12] 李志鵬,江弘志,林垂彩, “WCDMA 基頻訊號處理與系統設計實務”, 滄海書局, 2007.

[13] Zou W. Y., and Yiyan Wu, “COFDM:An overview,” IEEE Trans. on Broadcasting, 1995 [14] PATZOLD M, KILLAT U, LAUE F,

“On the statistical properties of deterministic simulation models for mobile fading channels.” IEEE Tarnsactions on Vehicular Technology, 1998.

[15] J. S. Lee and L. E. Miller, “CDMA systems engineering handbook”, ArtechHouse. 2001.

參考文獻

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