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System configuration and Log

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System configuration and Log

魏凡琮 (Jerry Wei)

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Agenda

Boot process

System configuration and log Network tools

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Boot process

Linux boot process

System startup Stage1 bootloader Stage2 bootloader

Kernel Init

BIOS

Master Boot Record LILO 、GRUB...etc

Linux

User space Power On / Reset

Operation

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Boot process

BIOS

POST

Hardware init.

Exec bootloader. (boot device)

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Boot process

Stage1 bootloader

MBR (Max 2TB)

GPT (Max 18EB , EFI/UEFI-BIOS)

Load stage2 bootloader.

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Boot process

Stage2 bootloader

GRUB 、 LILO 、 isolinux....etc.

Load linux kernel img.

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Boot process

Kernel

Image decompressed and initialized.

Detect hardware and load driver.

Mount mountpoint.

/sbin/init.

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Boot process

Init

pid 1.

/etc/inittab.

runlevel.

/etc/init.d/rcX.d

/etc/rc.local

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Q & A

休息一下

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System Configuration and Log

hostname.

/etc/resolv.conf.

/etc/hosts.

System time.

Crontab.

Log.

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System Configuration and Log

System time

date.

ntpd 、 ntpd.conf .

ntpdate.

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System Configuration and Log

hostname

/etc/hostname

跟 FQDN 沒有關係。

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System Configuration and Log

/etc/resolv.conf

search domain.

nameserver.

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System Configuration and Log

/etc/hosts

/etc/nsswitch.

[ip] [hostname] [host alias]

EX : 192.168.0.1 lab1.ntu.edu.tw lab1

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System Configuration and Log

crontab

工作排程。

/etc/crontab.

crontab -e

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System Configuration and Log

log

/var/log

syslogd / rsyslog.

logrotate.

service log.

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Q & A

休息一下

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Network tools

ping 、 route 、 traceroute 、 mtr

nslookup 、 dig 、 whois

netstat

ifconfig 、 ifup 、 ifdown 、 ip.

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Network tools

ifconfig ( 顯示網卡設定資訊 ) 。

ifup 、 ifdown ( 啟用、關閉網路卡介面 ) 。 EX : ifup eth0 、 ifdown eth0

EX : ifconfig eth0

ip ( 綜合指令 ) 。

ip [option] [object] { command | help } EX : ip link set eth0 down

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Network tools

route ( 路由相關指令 ) 。

traceroute ( 列出至目標主機的封包狀態 ) 。 EX : traceroute 168.95.1.1

EX : route add/del 1.1.1.1/32 gw 192.168.1.3 dev eth0

mtr ( 同 traceroute) 。

EX : mtr www.ntu.edu.tw

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Network tools

nslookup (DNS records 查詢 ) 。

dig ( 列出 domain 相關資訊 ) 。 dig @server name type

nslookup [domain/ip] [dns server]

whois ( 列出 domain 相關資訊 ) 。 EX : whois ntu.edu.tw

EX : dig @168.95.1.1 ntu.edu.tw MX

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Network tools

netstat ( 列出網路連線、路由表 ) 。 EX : netstat {-na | -nr | -nap }

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Q & A

謝謝 !

參考文獻

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