Unit 1 Nouns and Articles Part A

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Unit 1 Nouns and Articles

Part A Categorization of Nouns 6

B Countable and Uncountable Nouns 10

C Possessives 14

D Articles and Generic Statements 18

E Review 22

Unit 2 Prepositions

Part A Prepositions of Place 24

B Prepositions of Time 28

C Other Prepositions 32

D Review 36

Unit 3 Conjunctions

Part A Coordinating Conjunctions 38

B Subordinating Conjunctions I 42 C Subordinating Conjunctions II 46

D Review 50

Unit 4 Modal Auxiliaries

Part A Basic Modal Auxiliaries 52

B Polite Requests and Permission 56 C Necessity and Obligation 60

D Certainty 64

E Review 68

Unit 5 Infinitives and Gerunds

Part A Infinitives 70

B Gerunds 74

C Go + Gerund 78

D Review 82

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Unit 6 Past Progressive

Part A Form and Function 84

B When and While 88

C Review 92

Unit 7 Perfect Tenses

Part A Present Perfect 94

B Present Perfect Progressive 98

C Review 102

Unit 8 Adjectives and Adverbs

Part A Adjectives 104

B Indefinite Adjectives 108

C Adverbs 112

D Irregular Adverbs 116

E Adverbs of Frequency 120

F Review 124

Unit 9 Comparatives and Superlatives

Part A Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 126 B Comparative and Superlative Adverbs 130

C Review 134

Unit 10 Passive Voice

Part A Active and Passive Voices 136

B By + Object 140

C Review 144

Appendix

147

Index

148

Transcripts & Answer Key

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Categorization of Nouns

Part A

Unit 1

^■

Nouns and Ar ticles

Grammar Explanation Preview

There is some candy on the table.

Ryan has a good idea. He likes candy.

He puts it in his mouth.

Nouns are words that represent people, places, things, or ideas.

Person John went to the new theater last week with his father.

examples: brother, mailman, chef, assistant, friend, king Place We met our neighbors at the arcade.

examples: beach, zoo, home, Spain, woods, work, school Thing I found the keys under the sofa.

examples: eraser, chain, picture, door, pen, tractor, stick Idea Happiness is very important.

examples: sadness, freedom, fun, love, anger

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Practice 1

Part A 7 1. I gave my homework to my ____________.

a. teacher b. doctor c. penguin

2. I went to the doctor yesterday. He gave me ____________.

a. candy b. medicine c. hospital

3. The ____________ works hard in the fields all day.

a. police officer b. farmer c. salesperson

4. I helped my younger ____________ with his homework.

a. sister b. uncle c. brother

Exercise 2 Choose the best answers.

1. PERSON: letter France firefighter

2. PLACE: apartment time tennis

3. THING: sweater grandparents fun

4. IDEA: fear garage stomach

Exercise 3 Circle the correct answers.

1. Doctor Smith has an office in the city.

2. We don’t have any time.

3. John bought coffee, milk, and sugar at the store.

4. My mother put a cake in the oven.

Exercise 1 Underline the nouns.

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Practice 2

Exercise 5 Circle all the nouns and write them in the correct boxes.

tree house boredom go girl

swim Mr. Smith love run camp

leave sad school dad truck teach printer cards catch have friendship fun brother room walk

Exercise 4 Listen and put a check (✓) for each type of noun you hear.

People Places Things Ideas

1. ✓ ✓✓

2.

3.

Places ___________

___________

People ___________

___________

Things ___________

___________

Ideas ___________

___________

Track 2

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Part A 9

Grammar in Use

tiger parents animals manes lion zoos stripes

Exercise 6 Complete the sentences with words from the box.

1. Ligers are small. T F

2. Some ligers have manes. T F

3. Ligers only live in Africa. T F

4. Ligers don’t have stripes. T F

Exercise 7 Read the statements about Exercise 6. Circle T for true or F for false.

A liger is an amazing animal. It is a mix between a 1.

____________

and a 2.

____________

. Ligers only live in 3.

____________

. They are bigger than their 4.

____________

. Ligers have 5.

____________

like a tiger. Some ligers have long hairy 6.

____________

like lions. Ligers are the largest cats in the world. They really are amazing 7.

____________

!

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Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Part B

Grammar Explanation Preview

A: These cookies are delicious!

B: Thanks. Here is your lemonade.

A: Thank you. Wow! It’s sour!

B: Yes, it is! Let’s add some sugar.

A: Good idea.

Nouns can be either countable or uncountable.

Countable nouns represent things that can be counted

I bought eleven CDs and a new book.

as individuals. Use a, many, few, or numbers

We saw many cars and a few vans.

before countable nouns.

Countable nouns: apple, ant, bag, book, cat, chair, donut, friend, house, jacket, map, neighbor, page, question, raft, stove

Uncountable nouns represent things that cannot be I had some soup before dinner.

counted as individuals. Use much, little, some or any* I didn’t have any coffee.

(for negatives and questions) before uncountable nouns. Did you have any fun at the zoo?

Yes, we had some fun at the zoo.

Uncountable nouns: bread, cheese, coffee, food, fruit, furniture, homework, mail, meat, milk, music, paper, rice, soup, water

* Some and any can also be used with countable nouns. Any is used for questions and negatives. Some is used when the exact number is not known or is not important.

Example: Do you have any apples? Yes, we have some apples in the fridge.

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1. The ______keeps her ______in a ____

2. The tailor cut some cloth.

3. I filled my cup with juice.

4. He had cereal for breakfast.

5. The team scored five goals.

Part B 11

Practice 1

Exercise 1 Write the nouns in the correct box.

book bread teacher wood

music country gold monkey

boy ice tooth eraser

sugar juice rain cup

Countable Nouns

___________ ___________

Uncountable Nouns

___________ ___________

Exercise 2 Underline the nouns and write C for countable or U for uncountable.

woman jewelry box.

C U C

1. sugar juice sandwich soup

2. notebook CD pencil paper

3. chair wood money glue

4. ice cream cereal cookie rice

Exercise 3 Circle the odd words.

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Practice 2

Exercise 4 Listen and circle the correct answers. Then number the pictures.

1. We had (two / some) fried chicken for lunch.

2. He locked (a / much) door with a key.

3. He ate (some / any) pasta for dinner.

4. Are there (any / much) chickens on the road? Yes, there are two.

Exercise 5 Fix the mistake in each sentence.

1. I drank any water yesterday.

→_________________________________________

2. She is buying twelve eggs and much apples.

→_________________________________________

3. There was too many butter on my popcorn.

→_________________________________________

Exercise 6 Write sentences about yourself. Change the underlined words.

1. I had an apple, a sandwich, and milk for lunch yesterday.

→_________________________________________

2. I don’t have any brothers, but I have three sisters.

→_________________________________________

Track 3

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Part B 13

Grammar in Use

Exercise 7 Complete the sentences with words from the box.

salt and pepper meat some lettuce, cheese, fresh bread a big bite mayonnaise

First, you need 1.

____________

. Then, you spread some butter or 2.

____________

on the bread.

Next, you put some 3.

____________

or turkey on the bread. Then, you add

4.

____________

and tomato. If you want, you can add some 5.

____________

. Finally, you cut your sandwich in half and take 6.

____________

!

Making a Sandwich

First, ________________________.

Then, you ________________________.

Next, you put ________________________.

Then, you add ________________________.

Finally, you ________________________

and take a big bite!

Making a Sandwich

Exercise 8 Make your own sandwich using different ingredients.

IDEAS mustard ketchup pickles chicken meat onion olives tuna

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Part C Possessives

Grammar Explanation Preview

I went to my friend’s house yesterday. We studied for over two hours in her father’s office.

After we finished, her brother took us for some pizza in their parents’ car. Their father is the owner of the restaurant. We got the pizza for free.

Possessives show who or what an object belongs to.

Usually, ‘s is added to the end of a noun to show ownership of the noun coming after it.

For plural nouns that end in -s, only the apostrophe is added to show ownership.

When showing ownership for more than one noun, only the last noun takes the ‘s or the apostrophe.

For proper nouns (names) that end in -s, ‘s is added to show ownership.

Of can also be used to show ownership. In this case the noun representing the owned thing comes first.*

* This form is usually used when the owner is a place or thing, not a person.

I like John‘s haircut.

My mother‘s car broke down.

The girls’ gym is over there.

The boys’ hockey team plays tomorrow.

Sam, Dawn, and Kim’s teacher was absent from school yesterday.

The lions and tigers’ cages are always cleaned on Mondays.

James‘s bike is blue.

Julius‘s house is near the river.

The father of the student (= the student’s father) The king of Spain (= Spain’s king)

Subject Pronouns I

you he she

it we

Possessive Adjectives my

your his her its*

our

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Part C 15 1. John saw our teacher. She has a car.

→ _________________________________________

2. I ate some dinner. It was for my brother.

→ _________________________________________

3. Sarah met someone. He was a friend of her cousins.

→ _________________________________________

4. They bought a computer. The computer belonged to my friend.

→ _________________________________________

John saw our teacher’s car.

Who ate his French fries?

Exercise 2 Rewrite the sentences using apostrophes.

1. Who ate John’s French fries?

→ _________________________________________

2. We borrowed Nick and Tom’s pool cues.

→ _________________________________________

3. I lost Sarah’s keys.

→ _________________________________________

4. John ripped his book, and I ripped my book.

→ _________________________________________

Exercise 3 Make sentences using possessive adjectives.

1. I have one sister. Yesterday, I walked my sisters’ dog to the park.

2. I don’t like my brother new girlfriend.

3. My family bought a pet parrot. The parrots color is very unusual.

4. My sister doesn’t like the color off the parrot.

Exercise 1 Fix the mistake in each sentence.

Practice 1

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Practice 2

1. Who has the cap? John / Kelly 2. Who has the keys? John / Sarah 3. Who has the bag? Kelly / Peter

4. Who has the books? Peter / the students

Exercise 4 Listen and choose the correct answers.

The mother of the bride is collecting gifts.

1. The bride’s mother is collecting gifts.

→_________________________________________

2. My friend’s sister speaks German.

→_________________________________________

3. The queen of England is very old.

→_________________________________________

4. The friends of my sister are very nice.

→

Exercise 6 Change the form of the sentences.

1. The eyes ____________ fish are very unusual.

2. The ____________ collar has a tag on it.

3. The ____________ cell phone battery has no power.

4. The owner ____________ boat is smiling.

Exercise 5 Complete the sentences using the pictures.

Track 4

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Part C 17

Grammar in Use

Sunday’s game of the team’s goalkeeper John’s ball

Exercise 7 Fill in the blanks in the conversation.

1. Tom has John’s ball. T F

2. Tom took John’s ball on Saturday. T F

3. The final is on Sunday. T F

4. One team’s goalkeeper is injured. T F

Exercise 8 Read the statements about Exercise 7. Circle T for true or F for false.

Tom: Hey, do you have John’s ball?

Nick: Yes, 1._________________

is at my house. I took it on Saturday.

Tom: Great, we will need it for 2._________________.

Nick: Oh yes---for the league final. We

have a great chance! The other 3._________________ is injured.

Tom: I really want to win! The winners 4._________________

league get one hundred dollars!

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Part D Articles and Generic Statements

A is for singular nouns.

It goes in front of consonant sounds.

An is for singular nouns.

It goes in front of vowel sounds.

The is for singular or plural nouns and goes in front of consonant or vowel sounds.

The is used for things that are already known or introduced. The is also used when the noun it precedes is the only one of its kind.

Articles

A zebra has stripes.

Nick eats a sandwich.

She teaches at a university. (The u has a y sound.) We will meet them in an hour. (The h is silent.) John sees an airplane.

You need an umbrella.

Nick eats a sandwich. The sandwich is delicious.

John sees an airplane. The airplane is in the sky.

The moon is in the sky. (There is only one moon and one sky.)

Some apples are in the fridge. (Most people only have one fridge in their homes.)

Generic statements are sentences that provide information that is true most or all of the time.

Generic statements often use the verb Be.

Some generic statements use the verb Have.

Other generic statements use verbs that describe a state or condition.

Other state or condition verbs: look, smell, taste, sound, like, love, hate, think, believe Generic Statements

I am a student.

She is tall.

They are my parents.

Insects have six legs.

He has blue eyes.

Candy tastes sweet.

Feathers feel soft.

Grammar Explanation Preview

Eagles are very beautiful birds. There is an eagle in the zoo. He has a big cage. There is an ostrich next to him. The ostrich is from Africa.

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Part D 19 1. My dad bought me (a / an / --) new cell phone.

2. It took me (a / an / --) hour to choose it.

3. It has (a / an / --) expensive digital camera in it.

4. My new phone is (a / an / --) very small.

5. Now, my sister wants (a / an / --) one.

Exercise 2 Circle the correct answers.

1. I have _____ book. _____ book is heavy.

2. She is studying for ______ test. ______ test is very important.

3. I’m very warm. Please turn on ______ air conditioner.

4. I’m afraid to swim in ______ sea.

5. Do you want ____ cookie or _____ ice cream cone?

6. ______ sun is bright today.

Exercise 3 Complete the sentences with the correct articles.

____ ostrich ____ hour ____ owl ____ uncle ____ clock ____ elephant ____ unicorn ____ tiger ____ house ____ university ____ pear ____ yo-yo

Exercise 1 Write a or an in front of the nouns.

Practice 1

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Practice 2

Exercise 4 Listen and circle the correct answers.

Rose: 1. ________ smell very beautiful.

2. ________ in the vase smells beautiful.

Dolphin: 3. ________ in the aquarium is very cute.

4. ________ are very intelligent animals.

Tree: 5. ________ in our yard is very old.

Roses The rose

Exercise 6 Complete the sentences with the words to the left. Use the when necessary.

1. Earth / around / sun / moves / The / the

→_________________________________________

2. table / is / the / on / English / book / The

→_________________________________________

3. planet / is / a / Jupiter / big / very

→_________________________________________

4. put / you / pie / the / the / oven / Did / in / ?

→_________________________________________

Exercise 5 Unscramble the sentences.

Track 5

1.(A cheetah / Cheetahs) are fast 2. (an / --) animals. They are 3. (a / the) fastest animals on land. They live in 4. (the / --) Africa. I saw 5. (a cheetah / cheetahs) once, but it was in 6. (a / the) zoo.

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Part D 21

Grammar in Use

Exercise 7 Complete the sentences with a, an, the, or --.

1. Alligators have strong tails. T F

2. Alligators are good pets for kids. T F

3. Alligators swim well. T F

4. Alligators live in many parts of the world. T F

Exercise 8 Read the statements about Exercise 7. Circle T for true or F for false.

1.

____________

Alligators are very dangerous animals. They come from all parts of 2.

____________

world. There are many alligators in Florida in 3.

____________

US. 4.

____________

Alligators are great swimmers.

5.

____________

strong tail helps alligators 6.

____________

swim. An alligator can kill 7.

____________

person.

Stay away from 8.

____________

them!

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Review

Part E

A: What do you have in your pocket?

B: I have an MP3 player.

A: I like the color. Where did you get it?

B: Thanks. I gotit atan electronics store.

Exercise 1 Practice the conversations with a partner. Change roles for each conversation.

1. The moon is far from (an / the) Earth.

2. I like (Nick’s / Nicks) new sweater.

3. A white tiger is (a / an) extremely rare animal.

4. The winner (of the / of) competition won a nice painting.

5. Nick likes his computer. He got it for (his / Nick’s) birthday.

Exercise 2 Choose the correct answers.

1. 2. 3.

pocket / an MP3 player hand / a ring bag / a CD player

the color / get the design / buy the shape / win

an electronics store a jewelry store a competition

Countable 1. ______________

2. ______________

3. ______________

Uncountable 6. ______________

7. ______________

8. ______________

Exercise 3 Complete the lists with things you have at home.

a bed tape

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The first step is the hardest.

Proverb

Exercise 4 Complete the crossword.

Exercise 6 Write the nouns in the correct boxes.

joy Italy police officer computer Justin time city hot chocolate

Places ___________

___________

People ___________

___________

Things ___________

___________

Ideas ___________

___________

Down

1. I will go to a ________ after I finish high school.

2. An _______ is similar to a crocodile.

3. A ________ fixes teeth.

Across

4. A waiter serves food in a _________.

5. A ________ flies airplanes.

Review 23 My family goes 1.

____________

camping every year. We

always make 2.

____________

big fire. Then, we cook dinner over 3.

____________

fire. After dinner, we play 4.

____________

games and talk. It’s fun. I look at 5.

____________

moon and 6.

____________

stars.

Exercise 5 Complete the sentences with a, an, the, or --.

4.

3.

5.

1.

2.

Unit 1 Nouns and Articles Part A

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