-
-
- s
- s
Principal Indicators
MICE Events (No.)
No. of Participants and % %
Attendees (’000) Average Duration (day) Meetings & Conferences (No.)
No. of Participants (’000) % %
Average Duration (day) Of which: 4 hours or more
No. of Participants (’000) % %
Average Duration (day) Exhibitions (No.)
No. of Attendees (’000) % %
Average Duration (day) Incentives (No.)
No. of Participants (’000) % %
Average Duration (day)
in 4th Quarter Meetings & Conferences
•
Total
10 - 49 participants
≧ 200
Alameda Dr. Carlos d' Assumpção No. 411-417, Dynasty Plaza, 17th floor, Macao Tel: (853) 8399 5311 Fax: (853) 2830 7825 E-mail: info@dsec.gov.mo
Meetings & Conferences by Duration and Size in 4th Quarter -4.3 1 689
-14.0
96 359 22.5
Current Quarter 0.4
-60.2 3.0
Participants (No.)
4 071
40.0 27.1 -19
155
88 58
3.4
432
251 -3.4
0.2 -2 7
3.0 8
306.2
19
Meetings & Conferences (No.) -
Difference
26
82 -12
174 Analysed by size of event, there were 256 meetings & conferences with
less than 100 participants in the fourth quarter, a decrease of 31 year-on- year. Participants of these meetings & conferences dropped by 14.8% to 9,617. On the other hand, meetings & conferences with 200 participants or more rose by 8 to 88, and number of participants grew by 27.1% to 75,000.
Current Quarter
3
8
100 - 199 88
50 - 99
Number of meetings & conferences went up by 3 year-on-year; number of participants increased by 22.5%, with those attending meetings & conferences with 200 participants or more rising by 27.1%. In 2019, number of meetings & conferences showed a year-on-year growth of 117 while number of participants decreased by 1.4%.
Current
Quarter Change
96
2019 Change
0.1 1 459
1.5 0.1
432
Number of exhibitions went down by 1 year-on-year, and number of attendees fell by 3.9%. In 2019, number of exhibitions reduced by 2 year-on-year, with a 4.3% drop in number of attendees.
109
-6 1.6
-3.9 29.6
- 22.5
733
-
Number of incentives decreased by 2 year-on-year whereas number of participants leaped by 306.2%. For the whole year of 2019, number of incentives dropped by 6 year-on-year, with number of participants tumbling by 60.2%.
0.2 461
1.7
-0.4
292 -1.4
A total of 461 MICE events were held in the fourth quarter, including 432 meetings & conferences, 21 exhibitions and 8 incentives. Number of participants and attendees edged down by 0.4% year-on-year to 733,000. For the whole year of 2019, there were 1,536 MICE events, with total number of participants and attendees falling by 5.4% year-on-year to 2,003,000.
117 -5.4 2 003
3
Types of Events in the 4th Quarter
1 536
22
325 43
0.2 1.5
1.9 21 629 3.5
0.1 85
-1 -
1 059
1.9
-2
11 594
5 546 -15.4
75 148
As regards duration of event, meetings & conferences of 4 hours or more totalled 325 in the fourth quarter, a growth of 43 year-on-year.
Number of participants surged by 29.6% to 85,000. The average duration of the meetings & conferences stood at 1.5 days, up by 0.1 day year-on-year.
Change (%)
•
Meetings and Participants by Size of Meeting & Conference
In the fourth quarter, meetings & conferences occupied a total floor area of 460,000 m², a slight decrease of 0.9% year-on-year. Number of meetings & conferences with a floor area of 1,000 m²or more grew by 23 to 58, and the total floor area used expanded by 2.5% to 361,000 m² (78.6% of total).
•
Government Meeting
5.0%
Corporate Meeting
55.5%
Association Meeting
29.5%
Conference 3.7%
Exhibition 4.6%
Incentive 1.7%
Government of Macao Special Administrative Region Statistics and Census Service 統 計 暨 普 查 局
MICE STATISTICS
4
THQUARTER 2019
69 44
124 130
40 22
54 60
20 26
42 62
18 15
62 73
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
No.
≧4 hours
<4 hours
147 107 2018
325 282 2019
2018r 2019
10 - 49 participants 50 - 99 participants 100 - 199 participants ≧ 200 participants
Meetings & Conferences by Duration and Floor Area Used
•
Total
< 500 m² 500 - 999
≧ 1 000 4 hours or more
< 500 m² 500 - 999
≧ 1 000 Less than 4 hours
< 500 m² 500 - 999
≧ 1 000
•
•
• •
Number of Meetings & Conferences of 4 Hours or More and Participants by Quarter
39 52
139 8 29
172 62 182
107 90
400 11
85 251
748 16 41
50 58
193 10 38 33 130
198 64 193 361 860
325 234
1 059 432
Meetings &
Conferences (No.) Current Quarter 2019
324
1 459 96
Analysed by month, January recorded the highest number of meetings &
conferences, at 149, followed by November and December, with both numbers standing at 145. Besides, merely 70 meetings & conferences were held in February.
In terms of number of participants, January topped the list of the year at 40,000. Meanwhile, participants in December (31,000) and March (38,000) saw an upsurge of 118.5% and 74.6% respectively.
292 1 068
Current Quarter 2019
460 1 194
426 1 059
47 143
26 95
354 821 204 No. of
Participants (’000)
Total Floor Area Used (’000 m² ) Current
Quarter 2019
23 61 65
41 34 135
320 7 20 19 61
6
54 2 9 7 34
26 3 11 8 39
Analysed by quarter, meetings & conferences of 4 hours or more recorded year-on-year growth in every quarter of 2019, with a notable increase of 53 in the third quarter. With respect to number of participants, a remarkable decrease of 50.1% was observed in the second quarter, whereas year-on-year increases were shown in other quarters.
For the whole year of 2019, a total of 1,459 meetings & conferences were held, an uplift of 117 year-on-year. However, number of participants dropped by 1.4% to 292,000. Number of meetings &
conferences with 200 participants or more totalled 290, and number of participants decreased by 4.6% to 227,000. The average duration of the meetings & conferences stood at 1.5 days, up by 0.1 day.
In 2019, meetings & conferences of 4 hours or more grew by 155 year- on-year to 1,059 whereas number of participants fell by 3.4% to 251,000. The average duration of these meetings & conferences stayed steady at 1.9 days.
Number of Meetings & Conferences and Participants by Month For the whole year of 2019, a total floor area of 1,194,000 m²was used
for meetings & conferences, a decrease of 29.8% year-on-year. Number of meetings & conferences occupying a floor area of 1,000 m²or more increased by 16 to 198, while the total floor area used declined by 37.8% to 860,000 m².
11
4038 7 12 3822 1939 2022 1637 1211 1415 3021 3225 3439 3114 149
70
143
119 117
109
102 92
126 142
145 145
148
62
104
110 96
110
86
94 103
143
166
120
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2019
2018 2018
2019
No. '000
73 65 45 91 47 39 85 66
263
241 230
325
225 220
177
282
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 100 200 300 400
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2018r Number of 2019
Participants 2019
2018 Number of Meetings
& Conferences
No. '000
Number of Meetings
& Conferences
Number of Participants
Exhibitions
•
Exhibitions by Type of Organiser
•
Total
Government Organised by Non-Government Organisations
< 20 000 attendees
≧ 20 000
• Analysed by quarter, apart from the first quarter which recorded a 22.1% year-on-year increase in number of attendees, the second, third and fourth quarters showed decreases of 1.8%, 14.3% and 3.9%
respectively.
42 127
Number of Exhibitions and Attendees by Quarter 9
Organised by
24 470
58
19 Current Quarter
629 No. of Attendees
(’000)
117 2019
Exhibitions (No.)
2019
277
84 10
513
2 8 270 30 93
Total Floor Area Used (’000 m² )
170
86 148 1 292
Current Quarter
1 689 370
128 26
1 419 Current Quarter 2019
200
50
Among the 21 exhibitions held in the fourth quarter, 11 of them were previously held in the same quarter of 2018. Number of attendees decreased by 3.9% year-on-year to 629,000, whereas the total floor area used increased by 6.6% to 200,000 m². The average duration of the exhibitions extended by 0.2 day year-on-year to 3.5 days.
Exhibitions organised by non-government organisations totalled 19, down by 1 year-on-year; number of attendees (513,000) dropped by 3.4% while total floor area used (170,000 m²) expanded by 7.9%.
Exhibitions organised by the government remained at 2, with number of attendees dropping by 6.3% to 117,000. Total floor area occupied by these exhibitions held stable at 30,000 m².
Number of Exhibitions and Attendees in 4th Quarter
A total of 58 exhibitions were held in 2019, a decrease of 2 year-on- year, and 45 of them were previously held in 2018. These exhibitions attracted 1,689,000 attendees, down by 4.3%. Total floor area used by these exhibitions rose by 6.4% to 370,000 m²while their average duration held steady at 3.4 days.
Number of exhibitions organised by non-government organisations went down by 3 year-on-year to 50, with 1,419,000 attendees (-4.5%);
however, the total floor area used rose by 2.3% to 277,000 m². The 24 exhibitions with 20,000 attendees or more drew a total of 1,292,000 attendees, which constituted 91.1% of the attendees of exhibitions organised by non-government organisations.
There were 8 exhibitions organised by the government, an increase of 1 year-on-year; number of attendees (270,000) went down by 3.3%
whereas total floor area used (93,000 m²) expanded by 20.8%.
The majority of the exhibitions were held in the third and fourth quarters, with 38 exhibitions drawing 1,155,000 attendees, which represented 68.4% of the total attendees in the year. Number of attendees in the third and fourth quarters of 2019 was 116.2% higher than that in the first two quarters (with 20 exhibitions and 534,000 attendees).
21
No. '000
21
2
19 22
2
20
0 5 10 15 20 25
2019 2018
2019 2018 531
124 655
513
117 629
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Number of
Exhibitions Number of
Attendees
Total Organised by Organised by Government non-Government
Organisations
235193 299304 526613 629655
10 10
17
21
10
9
19
22
0 200 400 600 800 1 000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2018 Number of 2019
Attendees 2019
2018 Number of
Exhibitions
No. '000
r
Main Items of Receipts and Expenditure of Interviewed Exhibition Organisers
No. of Exhibitions Receipts (’000 MOP) Of which:
Rental Receipts of Exhibition Booths Financial Support from Government and Other Organisations Expenditure Of which:
Installation, Decoration &
Audio-visual Performance, etc.
Rental Paid for the Venue Accommodation, Food &
Beverages
Receipts and Expenditure of Interviewed Exhibition Organisers
• •
• •
• •
• •
Organised by Government
74 955
47 746 24 134
Receipts and Expenditure of Interviewed Exhibition Organisers in 2019
35 757
39 792 -
20 386 2019
17 834
10 300
56 179 844 3 391
19
71 564
60 567
15 115 Total
4 046
20 764
12 617
47 746
23 140
292 004 83 651 24 432
33 451 5 771
4 815 136 604
Structure of Expenditure for Exhibitions in 2019 The 2 exhibitions held by the government recorded MOP 3.39 million in
receipts, of which 99.4% were generated from rental of exhibition booths.
Expenditure amounted to MOP 39.79 million, with installation, decoration &
audio-visual performance, etc. and publicity & public relations together accounting for 46.2%.
Exhibitions Organised by Non-Government Organisations Receipts of the 17 exhibitions held by non-government organisations totalled MOP 71.56 million, of which financial support from the government and other organisations and rental of exhibition booths took up 66.7% and 29.0% respectively. Expenditure of these exhibitions amounted to MOP 96.81 million, with 23.9% being incurred on installation, decoration & audio- visual performance, etc. and 21.1% on rental paid for the venue.
After deducting expenditure as well as financial support from the government and other organisations from receipts, exhibitions held by non- government organisations registered a negative value of MOP 72.99 million.
Among the exhibitions held in the fourth quarter of 2019, information on 19 exhibitions provided by the organisers indicated that their receipts and expenditure totalled MOP 74.96 million and MOP 137 million respectively.
In accordance with the information on 56 exhibitions provided by the organisers in 2019, their receipts and expenditure amounted to MOP 180 million and MOP 292 million respectively.
There were 8 exhibitions held by the government, which registered MOP 7.78 million in receipts and MOP 144 million in expenditure. Rental of exhibition booths took up 96.5% of the receipts, while installation, decoration & audio-visual performance, etc. and publicity & public relations constituted 30.7% and 15.0% of the expenditure respectively.
Receipts of the 48 exhibitions organised by non-government organisations totalled MOP 172 million, which were generated primarily from rental of exhibition booths (60.1%). These exhibitions incurred MOP 148 million in expenditure, with installation, decoration & audio-visual performance, etc.
and rental paid for venue making up 26.7% and 20.8% of the total respectively.
After deducting expenditure from receipts, net receipts of the exhibitions held by non-government organisations stood at MOP 23.75 million. In order to analyse the marketisation of the exhibition activities, financial support from the government and other organisations (MOP 60.32 million) was excluded from net receipts and a negative value of MOP 36.57 million was recorded; the difference was larger as compared to the negative amount of MOP 29.15 million in 2018.
12 062 17
110 851 3 370
Exhibitions Organised by Government
43 375 Current Quarter
43 867 Publicity & Public Relations
2
96 812
14.7%
26.7%
20.8%
9.5% 5.9%
2.4%
20.0%
Freight (MOP 8.72 million) Accommodation, Food & Beverages (MOP 14.07 million)
Others (Including Compensation of Employees, Service Charges for companies providing conference & exhibition
organising services, Security Services, etc.)
(MOP 29.67 million) Publicity & Public
Relations (MOP 21.80 million) Installation, Decoration &
Audio-visual Performance, etc.
(MOP 39.57 million)
Rental Paid for Venue (MOP 30.92 million)
15.0%
30.7%
9.0%
13.5% 2.6%
6.4%
22.8%
Accommodation, Food & Beverages (MOP 19.38 million)
Others (Including Compensation of Employees, Service Charges for companies providing conference & exhibition
organising services, Security Services, etc.) (MOP 32.82 million) Publicity & Public
Relations (MOP 21.58 million) Installation, Decoration &
Audio-visual Performance, etc.
(MOP 44.08 million)
Rental Paid for Venue (MOP 12.95 million)
Freight (MOP 3.74 million)
Transport (MOP 9.15 million)
180
8
172 292
144 148
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Total Organised by
Government Organised by non- Government Organisations Million MOP
Transport (MOP 3.57 million) Organised
by Non- Government Organisations
Receipts Expenditure
Booths
Exhibitors
Of which:
Mainland China Hong Kong Macao
Professional Visitors
Of which:
Mainland China Hong Kong Macao
•
•
Structure of Receipts and Expenditure of Structure of Receipts and Expenditure of Interviewed Exhibitors
Interviewed Exhibitors %
•
Receipts
Sales of Products
Financial Support from Government
& Other Organisations and Others Expenditure
Rental Paid for Exhibition Booth Booth Installation & Decoration Publicity & Public Relations Freight and Others
945 335 1 846
29
7 691 678 60 903
1 487
100.0
1.8
57.6 Current Quarter
There were 1,487 exhibitors taking part in the 17 exhibitions organised by non-government organisations and professional visitors totalled 50,000. Number of exhibitions organised by the government stood at 2, which drew 956 exhibitors and 11,000 professional visitors.
In 2019, the 56 exhibitions had 10,000 booths, 6,166 exhibitors and 116,000 professional visitors.
The 48 exhibitions organised by non-government organisations had 3,537 exhibitors, with those from Macao and Hong Kong accounting for 40.8% and 25.6% respectively. Number of professional visitors totalled 95,000; 34.9% of them were locals while 33.1% were from mainland China.
Current Quarter Organised
by Government
Organised by Non- Government Organisations
6 166
257
3 945
6 952
2019
100.0 96.8 97.7 97.5
100.0 98.2
9.7 3.4 100.0 2.5
3.6 52.0
9.8 9.1 9.6
29.2 34.9 Same Quarter of 2018
4.2 20 214
116 291 49 646
2 064
12 690
15 217
3.2
5.0 55.5 29.8
2.3 10 091
1 012
Structure of Exhibitors in 2019
Structure of Professional Visitors in 2019 453
56.9
17 205 41 281
100.0 There were 2,629 exhibitors and 21,000 professional visitors participating in the 8 exhibitions held by the government. Exhibitors came primarily from mainland China, taking up 42.0% of the total.
Mainland and local professional visitors constituted 38.7% and 38.3% of the total respectively.
No.
2018 39 698
29.7
According to the information collected from the 3,032 exhibitors in 2019, the majority of their receipts were generated from sales of products (96.8% of total), whereas their expenditure was mainly incurred on rental paid for exhibition booths (56.9% of total) and booth installation & decoration (29.8%).
739 956
610 1 723
Exhibition Booths, Exhibitors and Professional Visitors
Total 2019
11 257
• 228
Information provided by the 869 interviewed exhibitors in the fourth quarter indicated that sales of products accounted for 97.5% of their receipts, while rental paid for exhibition booths took up 57.6% of their expenditure.
24 159
100.0
100.0 100.0
Exhibition Booths, Exhibitors and Professional Visitors
In the fourth quarter, a total of 4,275 booths were set up in the 19 exhibitions. These exhibitions attracted 2,443 exhibitors and 61,000 professional visitors; those coming from mainland China comprised 38.7% and 39.7% of the respective total.
4 515 225
2 552 4 275
2 443
23.6%
42.0%
4.1%
30.3% 40.8%
21.0%
25.6%
12.6%
Organised by Non-Government
Organisations Organised by Government
Macao Mainland China Hong Kong Others
38.3%
38.7%
10.3%
12.7% 34.9%
33.1%
13.7%
18.3%
Organised by Government
Organised by Non-Government
Organisations
Macao Mainland China Hong Kong Others
Comments from Interviewed Exhibitors in 4th Quarter %
Organisation of Event Hospitality
Promotion Venue
Facilities Management Ease of Access Venue Staff
Professionalism Language Skills Work Efficiency & Attitude
Services Rendered by Local Companies Services
Arrangements
Comments from Interviewed Exhibitors
• •
• •
Incentives
•
•
-10.0 99.4
99.1
-11.1 Quarter-to-
quarter (p.p.)
72.8
100.0 100.0
2.9
0.7 4.3
0.6 14.5
Exhibition Organiser
-12.3 63.3
74.5 98.5
13.6 13.4 73.4
76.4
0.3 77.0
80.5 -5.9
80.0
There were 8 incentives held in the fourth quarter, down by 2 year-on- year. Number of participants (7,190) and total floor area used (25,000 m²) leaped by 306.2% and 261.6% respectively. The average duration of these incentives stood at 3.0 days, up by 0.2 day.
99.2 80.2 -6.7
6.4
15.3
1.9
Among the exhibitors who had used services rendered by local companies, the proportions of those who were satisfied with the services (73.5%) and arrangements (74.5%) of the companies fell by 2.6 percentage points and 1.6 percentage points respectively quarter- to-quarter.
Number of Incentives and Participants by Quarter 10.2
4.2
10.1 0.8
-6.5
-1.6
2.9
1.1 13.2
More than 80% of the exhibitors complimented on the language skills (80.2%), efficiency & attitude (80.0%) and professionalism (80.5%) of the venue staff; the corresponding proportions went down by 6.7 percentage points, 6.5 percentage points and 5.9 percentage points respectively quarter-to-quarter.
7.9
In 2019, the fourth quarter recorded the highest number of incentives (8); meanwhile, number of participants in the first quarter took the lead at 13,000, comprising 58.7% of the total.
-6.1 -6.0 42.9
1.3
1.7
2.4 1.4
3.7
7.1 0.8
73.5 -2.6
- 0.6
100.0 -6.4 18.4 0.9
Satisfied Proportion of
exhibitors using the services
2.5 2.4
4.5 0.7
3.0
4.4 5.1
17.4 3.0
20.9
2.6
-0.2 Quarter-to-
quarter (p.p.) No
Comment
0.9
18.6 4.8
Fair
Quarter-to- quarter
(p.p.)
2.9 6.5
2.1 1.7
Regarding comments from the interviewed exhibitors, their satisfaction towards the various facilities and services recorded decreases in the fourth quarter as compared to the third quarter. The shares of exhibitors who were satisfied with the promotion of the exhibitions (63.3%), organisation of the event (72.8%) and hospitality (74.5%) fell by 12.3 percentage points, 11.1 percentage points and 10.0 percentage points respectively quarter-to-quarter.
2.2
Number of incentives dropped by 6 year-on-year to 19 in 2019, with number of participants (22,000) and total floor area used (151,000 m²) tumbling by 60.2% and 61.2% respectively; meanwhile, the average duration of the incentives extended by 0.4 day to 3.0 days.
20.1 6.3 0.2
3.5
The proportions of exhibitors who expressed satisfaction with the facilities (73.4%), management (77.0%) and ease of access (76.4%) of the venue dropped by 8.6 percentage points, 8.0 percentage points and 6.4 percentage points respectively quarter-to-quarter.
2.6 0.7 5.0
17.1 2.2
Improvement Needed
Quarter-to- quarter
(p.p.)
8.6 4.0
0.7 -8.0
-8.6
6.3 19.8
99.1 99.1
42.9
74.5
1314 1 5 1 36 7 2
5
2
4
8
4
2
9 10
0 10 20 30 40
0 2 4 6 8 10
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
'000 No.
2019 2018 Number of
Incentives 2018
Number of 2019 Participants
Historical Data
No. of MICE Events Meetings & Conferences Of which: 4 hours or more Exhibitions
Incentives
Participants and Attendees (’000) Meeting Participants Of which: 4 hours or more Exhibition Attendees Incentive Participants Average Duration of Events (day)
Average Duration of Meetings & Conferences Of which: 4 hours or more
Average Duration of Exhibitions Average Duration of Incentives Total Floor Area Used (’000 m²)
Meetings & Conferences Of which: 4 hours or more Exhibitions
Incentives
Note: Incentives in 2015 only include incentive meetings.
Survey Coverage:
Glossary:
Government Meeting1:
Association Meeting: An event initiated by an association.
Corporate Meeting1:
Conference:
Commercial Exhibition1 includes events where:
a)
b) Incentive:
Note 1:
Absolute value equals zero No figure provided Percentage point
Percentage Thousand Square metre
Revised figures Macao Pataca Number
For additional information:
http://www.dsec.gov.mo/e/mice.aspx
r
788 2015
2014
282
51 60
78
868 213
2018
1 263 1 276 1 381 1 427
1 063
1 285
55 963
354 429
203
336
904
22 706
280
87
~ 3 26
1 163
1 902 352
362 252
18
2 118
10 ~
2017
371 378 461
1 765 1 722
1 500
55 78 132 207 260
176 246 296
736 2 614
66
87 79 127
490 2 516
118
Exhibitors display goods and services of one or more industries. These events focus primarily on business-to-business relationship. The primary activity of attendees is to visit exhibits on the show floor;
1 608
1 342
56 1 195
30
3
2.2
’000
4th Quarter Year
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
695
%
- p.p.
45 25
243 811
2.1
No.
m²
Exhibitors display, promote and/or sell products of one or more industries to public consumers.
MICE Statistics covers meetings & conferences, commercial exhibitions and incentives that are held in paid venues, such as hotels and major convention &
exhibition centres in Macao. However, meetings with less than 10 participants; meetings for product launch, orientation and press conference; as well as exhibitions not involving business activities, e.g. photo, painting and other cultural & art exhibitions, are excluded.
MOP Symbols and abbreviations:
5 45 48
~ 1 14 16 2 ~
~
A management tool that an enterprise uses by providing a travel experience with pre-arranged meetings to motivate and recognise employees or relevant individuals for their outstanding performance. An incentive may include various sessions, of which meetings are an essential part of the event.
References are made to the “Global Meetings Initiative / volume 1” and “Measuring the Economic Importance of the Meetings Industry - Developing a Tourism Satellite Account Extension” of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).
1.5
2.0
1 050
1 028
23
2 393 6
16
828
98
27 25
35 41 70
83 310
1.9
591 655 2 488
786 405
1.8 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.7
22
2016
~ 3.3 2.3 3.3 2.8 ~ 3.0
2.1
1.5
1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4
1.9 2.3
1.8 1.6
3.3
3.4 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4
2.6 3.4
2.0 2.1 1.9
1.4
2.1 3.1
3.3 3.3
1.6
302 341
310
220 185 155 152
2 435 1 209
782 1 700
864 854 1 430 1 852
464 454
658 3.3
Gathering of employees or representatives of a commercial organisation. Usually, travel, accommodation and meal expenses of the attendees are paid for by the organisation.
An event where the attendees meet to exchange views, convey a message, open a debate or give publicity to some area of opinion on specific issues. Usually, a conference is divided into sessions based on various areas relevant to the conference theme.
347
~ 5 172 136
651 1 084 1 579
7 ~ 16 338 342 388
An event at which attendees are civil servants, government officials or service providers to governmental entities, with the aim of discussing topics or reaching agreements.
443 396
335 326 721 611
187 410
93 94 350 294 425 381
116 137 395 324
