國立鳳山高中 100 學年度教師甄試英文科試題
注意：請將所有的答案標明題號寫在答案本中。
I. Blank-filling：Choose the most appropriate word for each of the blanks below. (10%)
Our culture has benefited on an unprecedented scale from advances achieved in the physical, social, behavioral, and medical sciences. We know more about how our minds, bodies, and social structures work than any of our ancestors know. Yet the practice of self-defeating behaviors is more 1. today than ever. In trying to eliminate these behaviors, we need first to ask ourselves why we 2. our own best efforts and then to consider the implications of the answers we arrive at.
From this perspective, it seems apparent that self-defeating behaviors are 3.
for two general reasons. First, these behaviors appear to make sense. Our modern minds have been 4. with the principles of logic and rationality; we solve problems and avoid difficulties by linking causes and effects, actions and outcomes. We are also 5. . We place our faith, both consciously and unconsciously, in whatever appears to solve the problem at hand. So when we are confronted with a piece of information, a person, or a situation that threatens us, we make a speedy inventory of the thoughts and actions available to us and choose whichever option promises to resolve our inner tension directly and 6. . We light cigarettes, drink alcohol or take drugs, turn our backs on others, fill our mouths with food, or escape into fantasy. The option we choose becomes our tested and proven way of dealing with uncertainty and discomfort. We 7. it each time we are threatened, despite the fact that it is doing us far more harm than good.
Second, in addition to seeming sensible and workable, self-defeating behaviors are promoted and supported by our culture. Day in and day out, we are told in so many words that only the wealthy, the beautiful, and the fortunate are 8. to
happiness. What’s worse, we’re encouraged to practice self-defeating behaviors in order to be more like the people we’re supposed to admire. A few highly publicized celebrities, for example, spend money ____9. or abuse themselves and those around them.
From this behavior we derive the notion that if we do likewise, people might think that we, too, are wealthy, carefree, and spontaneous. And as for prices—we are told on the one hand that they do not exist, and on the other that even if they do exist, there is always a way to minimize or avoid them.
It’s no surprise, therefore, that self-defeating behaviors thrive in our culture. As we grapple with the toxic and contradictory messages we regularly receive, our thinking becomes confused. The relationship between causes and effects becomes unclear:
behaviors we instinctively recognize as wrong seem to be right, and the basic human truths
in which we believe appear to be 10. . Our conscious and unconscious minds work hard to reconcile the disharmony that exists between them, but more often than not they direct us toward modes of thought and action that guarantee further confusion.
(A) pragmatic (B) inculcated (C) wantonly (D) invalidated (E) subjected (F) rampant (G) entitled (H) expediently (I) perpetuated (J) resort to (K) undermine (L) sanctioned
II. Reading Comprehension：Read the passages below and then answer the questions that follow. (10%)
[A]
The idea of determinism, that no event occurs in nature without natural causes, has been postulated as a natural law yet is under attack on both scientific and philosophical grounds. Scientific laws assume that a specific set of conditions will unerringly lead to a predetermined outcome. However, studies in the field of physics have demonstrated that the location and speed of minuscule particles such as electrons are the result of random behaviors rather than predictable results determined by pre-existing conditions. As a result of these studies, the principle of indeterminacy was formulated in 1925 by Werner Heisenberg. According to this principle, only the probable behavior of an electron can be predicted. The inability to absolutely predict the behavior of electrons casts doubt on the universal applicability of a natural law of determinism. Philosophically, the principal opposition to determinism emanates from those who see humans as creatures in possession of free will. Human decisions may be influenced by previous event, but the ultimate freedom of humanity may possibly lead to unforeseen choices, those not preordained by preceding event.
1. It is implied in the passage that a natural law __________.
(A) is something that applies to science only
(B) can be incontrovertibly found in the idea of determinism (C) is philosophically unacceptable
(D) is a principle to which there is no exception
2. The expression “emanates from ” could most easily be replaced by __________.
(A) derives from (B) differs from (C) is in contrast to (D) is subordinate to 3. The idea of determinism is refuted in this passage based on ____________.
(A) scientific laws
(B) principles or assumptions from different fields of study (C) universal application of a natural law
(D) philosophical doubt about free will
4. It is implied in the passage that free will is ___________.
(A) accepted by all philosophers
(B) a direct outcome of Werner’s principle of indeterminacy (C) the antithesis of determinism
(D) a natural law
5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the principle of indeterminacy?
(A) It was formulated based on studies in physics.
(B) It is philosophically unacceptable.
(C) It has been in existence for more than a decade.
(D) It is concerned with the random behavior of electrons.
[B]
You probably haven't been lying awake in bed at night wondering whatever became of Stifle and Oz and the rest of the horny kids from the original “American Pie” movie. Yet here they are, after 13 years and a couple of sequels, in “American Reunion.” And they're more bland than bawdy these days. That's part of the joke: that they (and we) aren't in high school anymore, that we all have to grow up and function as adults with responsibilities and whatnot. We can't spend all our time thinking lascivious thoughts about pastry. That's just adolescent. But that doesn't make for a very fun or funny movie; instead, “American Reunion” relies on clichés about nostalgia, forced tension over strained friendships and melodrama about the rekindling of first loves.
Jim and Michelle are now married with a 2-year-old son and zero sex life. But they return to their Michigan hometown for a 10-year high school reunion, where they run into the old gang, including Chris Klein as Oz, who's now a slick sports anchor, Eddie Kaye Thomas as the sophisticated Finch and Sean William Scott as Stifler, who's still ... Stifler.
Tara Reid and Mena Suvari show up as personality-free blonde robots Vicky and Heather, respectively. And really, the women get short shrift here. They're either boring good girls or sexually aggressive nymphets. However, the few moments the film gets right — which is true of the whole series — involve Eugene Levy as Jim's awkward but well-intentioned dad. A grieving widower, he misses his son and longs for the companionship of a woman once more. He has a couple of moments with Stifler and even with the notorious Stifler's mom which bring a temporary loveliness to the proceedings. Then again he also has to go through the obligatory trying-on-clothes montage as he prepares to take a photo for his online dating profile — yet another cliché.
6. Which of the following is false?
(A) “American Reunion “is a sequel of “American Pie” movie.
(B) All the horny kids from the original movie have turned out to be nymphets.
(C) High school kids tend to be irresponsible.
(D) Eugene Levy son might have a grandson.
7. According to the passage, which of the following means other than lascivious?
(A) bawdy (B) horny (C) flirty (D) sophisticated 8. From the passage we can infer that Jim and Michelle’s marriage is _____.
(A) devious (B) respective (C) bland (D) temporary 9. Which part of the following best depicts this movie based on nostalgia?
(A) The 10-year high school reunion.
(B) The strained friendships.
(C) Jim and Michelle’s marriage.
(D) Oz as a slick sports anchor.
10. Why does Jim’s father have to go through the obligatory trying-on-clothes Montage?
(A) Because he intends to look for a job.
(B) Because that is his pastime.
(C) Because he wants to create a profile pursuing the companionship of a woman.
(D) Because me attempts to function as an adult with responsibilities.
III. Translate the following passages into English. (15%)
1. 研究顯示，所有人類疾病中約有百分之八十與飲食有關。一項驚人的因素是食物裡 含有對健康無益的化學物質。家禽被施打藥物以便長得更快、更肥與更大。這些肉 雞、火雞、與鴨子還來不及把體內的這些化學物質排出之前，就被送去屠宰。通常，
到頭來消費者就吃到了這些化學物質，而牛肉與猪肉的情況亦然。(7%)
2. 團購網站近來風行於追逐低價的消費者間，也是社群媒體和購物行為演化出來的結 果。它也許不是一項勢如破竹的長期消費趨勢，但這個現象確實產生影響。最熱門 的優惠通常是餐廳以及和寵愛自己有關的活動。優惠設限條件越多，往往越難引起 興趣，所以專家也提出警告，消費者在衝動購買前也應該考慮其他許多因素。(8%)
IV. Use the following five words to make five sentences for a vocabulary multiple choice test. There should be four corresponding options in each question (one correct answer and three incorrect ones). Please underline the correct answers to your questions. (5%)
1. susceptible 2. inherently
3. acknowledgement 4. predominant 5. elaborate (v.)
V. Draw up a reading comprehension test with 5 questions according to
the passage below. There should be four corresponding options in
each question (one correct answer and three incorrect ones). Please
also underline the correct answer to your questions. (10%)
It took more than 10,000 years of domestication for humans to create the vast biodiversity in our food supply that we're now watching ebb away. Selectively breeding a wild plant or animal species for certain desirable traits began as a fitful process of trial and error motivated by that age-old imperative: hunger. Farmers and breeders painstakingly developed livestock breeds and food crops well suited to the peculiarities of their local climate and environment. Each domesticated seed or breed was an answer to some very specific problem—such as drought or disease—in a very specific place. Such adaptive traits are invaluable not only to local farmers but also to commercial breeders elsewhere in the world.
The irony is that the dangerous dwindling of diversity in our food supply is the unanticipated result of an agricultural triumph. The story is well-known. A 30-year-old plant pathologist named Norman Borlaug traveled to Mexico in 1944 to help fight a stem rust epidemic that had caused widespread famine. Crossing different wheat varieties from all over the world, he arrived at a rust-resistant, high-yield hybrid that helped India and Pakistan nearly double their wheat production—and saved a billion people from starvation.
This so-called green revolution helped introduce modern industrialized agriculture to the developing world.
But the green revolution was a mixed blessing. Over time farmers came to rely heavily on broadly adapted, high-yield crops to the exclusion of varieties adapted to local conditions. Monocropping vast fields with the same genetically uniform seeds helps boost yield and meet immediate hunger needs. Yet high-yield varieties are also genetically weaker crops that require expensive chemical fertilizers and toxic pesticides. The drive to increase production is pushing out local varieties, diluting livestock's genetic diversity in the process. As a result, the world's food supply has become largely dependent on a shrinking list of breeds designed for maximum yield. In short, in our focus on increasing the amount of food we produce today, we have accidentally put ourselves at risk for food shortages in the future.
One response to the rapidly dwindling biodiversity in our fields has been to gather and safely store the seeds of as many different crop varieties as we can before they disappear forever. Today there are some 1,400 seed banks around the world. The most ambitious is the new Svalbard Global Seed Vault, set inside the permafrost of a sandstone mountain on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen just 700 miles from the North Pole. Still, storing seeds in banks to bail us out of future calamities is only a halfway measure. Equally worthy of saving is the hard-earned wisdom of the world's farmers, generations of whom crafted the seeds and breeds we now so covet. Perhaps the most precious and endangered resource is the knowledge stored in farmers' minds.
VI. Summerize the following passage (about 150 words) and then draw up a cloze test with 5 blanks. There should be four corresponding
options in each question (one correct answer and three incorrect ones).
Please also underline the correct answers to your questions. (30%)
Everybody has a 24-hour internal clock powered by his or her own individual circadian rhythm, which tells the body when to initiate important biological activities like waking, sleeping, and some hormone production. In addition, circadian rhythms help to moderate body temperature, glucose levels, and blood pressure.In much the same way that two people may synchronize their watches to make sure they arrive some place at the exact same time, circadian rhythm uses day and night (light and dark) to synchronize your periods of sleep and wakefulness, along with other activities.
Circadian rhythm is one type of biological rhythm. Biological rhythms govern many complex activities like fertility cycles, bears’ hibernation phases, and bird and butterfly migrations. The study of body clocks and circadian rhythms is known as chronobiology.
Humans are diurnal mammals, which means in addition to being warm blooded, human brains are programmed for daylight activity and nighttime sleep. And you can’t get away from your biology, no matter how hard you may try.
Circadian rhythm disorders have become more prevalent in today’s non-stop, around-the-clock working world. Before electricity, almost everyone went to sleep at nighttime. Going to bed wasn’t so much a matter of choice as of necessity; most people couldn’t afford to burn candles or lamps for extended periods of time every night. As a result, the human sleep-wake cycle was more attuned to the rhythms of nature. When night fell, people slept. When the sun rose, people woke up.
With today’s artificial lighting, around-the-clock shift work, 24-hour grocery stores, late-night clubs, and 24/7 Internet, people push themselves for days without ever entering the comforting embrace of the dark. But the human brain didn’t evolve to operate that way. Many people have developed some modern sleep maladies resulting from the disruption of their circadian rhythms. When your circadian rhythms are disturbed, you’re thrown out of sync.
Circadian rhythm disorders disrupt how and when sleep occurs during a 24-hour period. When something happens to disrupt your circadian rhythms, your natural sleep-wake cycles are thrown out of whack, and sleeplessness may result.
VII. Essay Writing: Your essay should be less than 500 words. (20%)
1. Many students have problems remembering vocabulary words or understanding what is being mentioned when reading. Share with me the approaches you will adopt to assist them in this matter. (10%)
2. (1) Please revise the following composition by correcting the mistakes and (2) give comments to the student. (3) How will you teach or what will you do to help the student improve his composition? (10%)
提示:最近 NBA 超級巨星林書豪(Jeremy Lin)登上美國時代雜誌年度「百大影響人物」第 一名，高爾夫選手曾雅妮(Yani Tseng)名列十七；請寫一篇約 150 字的英文作文，第一 段敘述你對他們的看法，第二段說明他們對你的影響。
As Asians, Jeremy Lin and Yani Tseng’s achievements really stun me a lot because we don’t often see yellow-skin sport stars in the international competitions, however, these two Taiwanese now make the whole world see Taiwan. I believe many people had taken Jeremy and Yani as their idols, so had I.
Except their successful careers, what makes me impressing is their perseverance and how hard they stick to the end. They never give up no matter how strong are their opponents and how difficult are the challenges. They just keep practicing and hold their dreams tight. I think this is the way they attain their success. I had learned quite much from them. I was once afraid of my future, however, I’m now brave enough to catch my dream and ready to fight for it!
