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ร ร ร

รԲີ Բີ Բີ Բີ ֮᣸൶ಘ ֮᣸൶ಘ ֮᣸൶ಘ ֮᣸൶ಘ

ءີ൶ಘፖءઔߒઌᣂհ֮᣸Δ٥։੡նᆏΔรԫᆏ൶ಘवᢝհრᆠፖࠉ ᖕवᢝ։ᣊۖݮګऱवᢝၸᐋΙรԲᆏ൶ಘवᢝጥ෻ፖवᢝጥ෻౨ԺհრොΙร ԿᆏᎅࣔጻሁᛩቼՀऱवᢝጥ෻Δร؄ᆏঞ൶ߒ፿֮౨Ժፖጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨Ժ հઌᣂ֮᣸Ιรնᆏ൶ಘࢤܑፖጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨Ժઌᣂ֮᣸Ζ່৵Δรքᆏ᜔

࿨٣ছፖጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨Ժઌᣂհኔᐛઔߒ࿨࣠Ζ

รԫᆏ รԫᆏ รԫᆏ

รԫᆏ वᢝ वᢝ वᢝऱრᆠ वᢝ ऱრᆠ ऱრᆠፖवᢝၸᐋ ऱრᆠ ፖवᢝၸᐋ ፖवᢝၸᐋ ፖवᢝၸᐋ

ءᆏ൶ಘवᢝհრᆠΔࠀᎅࣔطլٵवᢝᣊܑࢬิګऱवᢝၸᐋΔא༼ࠎव ᢝጥ෻հ෻ᓵഗ៕ΖאՀঁאᇷಛፖवᢝऱᣂএ੡׌ၗΔ൶ಘवᢝऱრᆠΔࠀᎅ

ࣔאլٵवᢝ։ᣊࢬዌګऱवᢝၸᐋΖ

໸ΕΕΕΕᇷಛፖवᢝऱᣂএ֗ᇷಛፖवᢝऱᣂএ֗ᇷಛፖवᢝऱᣂএ֗ᇷಛፖवᢝऱᣂএ֗वᢝऱࡳᆠवᢝऱࡳᆠवᢝऱࡳᆠवᢝऱࡳᆠ

वᢝऱࡳᆠԼ։౑ࣴΔߢԳԳ௘Ζ༉ୃᖂऱᨠរۖߢΔڇֱ۫ႚอवᢝᓵխΔ वᢝ๯ࡳᆠ੡ψإᅝ֏ऱటኔॾ࢚ω(justified true belief) (Nonaka & Takeuchi , 1995: 21)ΔܛԳଚઌॾࠡ੡టऱࠃढΙۖլٵऱୃᖂੌ੔Δڕᆖ᧭׌ᆠΕ෻ࢤ׌

ᆠ࿛Δኙवᢝऱ઎ऄՈլጐઌٵΖ༉֨෻ᖂऱᨠរۖߢΔवᢝਢψଡ᧯੡ᔞᚨس

੒ᛩቼࢬᖑڶऱԫ֊ಛஒωΰ്ਞᘋΔ1996Κ170αΖ༉षᄎᖂऱᨠរߢΔवᢝࠀ ॺխمΔۖਢፖषᄎڂైஒஒઌᣂΔڕ M. Apple ܛਐנΚψᖂீխऱवᢝݮڤྤ

ᓵਢ᧩ထࢨឆ៲ऱΔຟፖᦞԺΕᆖᛎᇷᄭࡉषᄎ൳ࠫڶᣂ…वᢝऱᙇᖗΔܛࠌਢ

ྤრᢝऱΔՈຟፖრᢝীኪڶᣂωΰ֧۞ຫ৊䍾Δ2001Κ216αΔڂۖषᄎᖂऱव ᢝᨠൎᓳवᢝਢषᄎ࠰೸መ࿓ऱขढΰ׆ڕୃΔ2000αΖ

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հࡳᆠ۟վս๕಑ԫਢΖवᢝऱრᆠءբԼ։ᓤᠧᣄאࡳᆠΔۖᙟထ٤෺֏ऱ࿇

୶Δᇷಛઝݾፖႚᐾ໾᧯ֲ墿࿇ሒΔվֲऱवᢝإᆖᖵԫጟψवᢝءᔆऱ᧢଀ω ΰ׆ڕୃΔ2000Κ8αΔࠡრᆠޓ၌။ႚอऱࡳᆠΔփොٍޓףڍցፖᐖऑΖڂۖ

඿ኙवᢝऱრᆠڶࢬᛵᇞΔؘႊ༳༽वᢝڇվֲषᄎ౧࿮ՀऱრᆠΖ

૞ᖤᇞवᢝऱءᔆΔؘႊ٣ᛵᇞवᢝขسऱ౧࿮Δ֗ࠡፖᇷறʳ ʻ˷˴̇˴ʿࢨ᤟੡

ᑇᖕʼʳ Εᇷಛऱᣂএʳ ( Barker, 2005)Ζڍᑇᖂृٵრᇷಛԯवᢝհഗ៕Δवᢝএ طᇷಛ᠏֏ۖࠐΔࠟृࠠڶຑᥛऱᣂএΖլመٍڶᖂृኙڼڶլٵრߠΔᎁ੡व ᢝፖᇷಛࠟृࠀॺຑᥛ᧯Δڂڼ඿៶ط։࣫ᇷಛࡉवᢝऱઌฆ๠ࠐ᤭ᤩवᢝऱრ ᆠΖ

รԫ੔ᖂृᎁ੡वᢝਢطᇷಛ᠏֏ۖࠐΔࠟृհၴࠠڶຑᥛࢤΖطڼᨠរױ

૜سנᇷறΕᇷಛፖवᢝԿଡᐋڻऱवᢝၸᐋΔא֗ףՂψཕᐝωऱ؄ᐋڻवᢝ ၸᐋΖՂ૪ࠟጟवᢝၸᐋխΔᇷறΕᇷಛፖवᢝ։ܑࠠڶאՀრᆠΚ

ԫΕᇷற

ᇷறਐऱ༉ਢ଺ࡨᇷறΰᏥࠇ೛Δ2000αΔਢᆄढऱࢼွ।෼ΰ്ٳګΕࡌ ᓫᔕΔ2004αΖᇷறขس۞ԳଚኙسژᛩቼऱᨠኘΔრܛขس۞Գଚലᨠኘᖵ࿓

ࢬᛧ൓ऱฤᇆࡉွᐛಖᙕՀࠐऱ೯܂ (Barker, 2005)Ζʳ ڂڼDavenport ፖ Prusak ᎁ੡ᇷறਢኙࠃٙᐉშΕড়ᨠऱಖᙕΰ઺❶ੱΔ1999αΖʳ

ԲΕᇷಛʳ ʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᇷற࿨ٽრᆠ৵ঁګ੡ᇷಛΰ઺❶ੱΔ1999αΔܛᇷಛਢނࢬ൓ऱᇷறီ੡

ᠲޗΔڶؾऱچղאᖞ෻Δ៶אႚሒਬጟಛஒΰᏥࠇ೛Δ2000αΔਢԫጟڶრො

ऱᇷறΰ്ٳګΕࡌᓫᔕΔ2004αΙࠡפ౨ڇ࣍ᚥܗݺଚ౨೚ެࡳ (Barker, 2005)Ζ ԿΕवᢝ

वᢝਢطᇷறࡉᇷಛࢬ໌ທנࠐऱΔਢขسवᢝऱકჇ (building block) (Barker, 2005)Ζრܛवᢝਢߓอ֏Ε࿨ዌ֏৵ऱᇷಛΔᅝᇷಛ౨ڶயچݮګߓอ ࢤΔאঁܮگፖႚᎠழΔঁګ੡वᢝΰ്ٳګΕࡌᓫᔕΔ2004αΖڇփොֱ૿Δ Davenport & Prusakᎁ੡वᢝࠐ۞࣍Գଚऱ৸უΔለᑇᖕࢨᇷಛऱփොޓ෡ᐖۖ

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᠆༄Δץਔ࿨ዌ֏ऱᆖ᧭ΕᏝଖΔא֗ᆖመ֮ڗ֏ऱᇷಛΔՈץܶറ୮ᗑ௽ऱߠ ᇞΰ઺❶ੱΔ1999αΙۖArthur Andersonጥ෻᥽ംֆ׹ᎁ੡वᢝ༉ਢवऱᇷขΔ

ො።ऱᒤ໮լႛץਔवᢝΔޓץܶᇷறΕᇷಛΕवᢝΕཕᐝ࿛ٺଡᐋ૿ΰᏥࠇ೛Δ 2000αΖवᢝऱפ౨ڇ࣍ױאܫ္Գଚڕ۶ᇞެംᠲΕᇠംୌࠄംᠲፖؘႊ೚ୌ

ࠄެࡳ (Barker, 2005)Δࠀ੡ᄅᆖ᧭ऱေ۷Εᖞٽፖᇷಛ࿛༼ࠎਮዌΰ઺❶ੱΔ 1999αΖڂۖवᢝਢԫጟ៶ط։࣫ᇷಛࠐ༳༽٣ᖲऱ౨ԺΔՈਢၲ໌ᏝଖࢬᏁऱ ޗறΰᏥࠇ೛Δ2000αΖ

ޓڶԫࠄᖂृΔץਔArthur Anderson ጥ෻᥽ംֆ׹ΰᏥࠇ೛Δ2000αΕTobinΕ Sena & Shani࿛Գΰ֧۞႓ತᄭΔ2003αΔڇڼᇷற—ᇷಛ—वᢝऱၸᐋՂᏺףψཕ ᐝωڼԫᐋڻΔګ੡؄ᐋڻऱवᢝၸᐋΖཕᐝਢאवᢝ੡௅ഗΔሎشଡԳऱᚨش ౨ԺΕኔᔌ౨Ժࠐ໌ທᏝଖऱੈᄭΰᏥࠇ೛Δ˅˃˃˃αΖრܛཕᐝਢ໌ທᏝଖऱव ᢝΔᅝଡԳ౨ലߓอࢤऱवᢝףאڶயᚨشழΔঁขسԱཕᐝΰ്ٳګΕࡌᓫᔕΔ 2004αΖለᐖᆠऱवᢝױץܶवᢝࡉཕᐝΔࠟृհ೴ܑڇ࣍वᢝೣٻᇞެ௽ࡳം

ᠲऱऄঞΕֱऄࡉ࿓ݧΔ᥆࣍ለ؆᧩ऱΕᖙ܂ࢤऱवᢝΙཕᐝঞႜٻለ੡փឆΕ ऴᤚऱܒឰΔࠠڶለवᢝޓ෡ޓ᡹ࡳऱ௽ࢤΰࣥࣟ堚Δ2003αՂ૪؄ጟवᢝऱփ

ොፖᐋڻΔױאቹ2-1।قΖʳ

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ʳ ቹቹቹቹ 2-1 ᇷறᇷறᇷறΕᇷறΕΕΕᇷಛᇷಛᇷಛᇷಛΕΕΕΕवᢝवᢝवᢝवᢝΕΕΕΕཕᐝᐋڻقრቹཕᐝᐋڻقრቹཕᐝᐋڻقრቹཕᐝᐋڻقრቹ

ᇷறࠐᄭΚ࠷۞Ꮵࠇ೛ΰ2000Κ27αΖ ʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ឈྥ๺ڍᖂृᎁ੡ᇷறΕᇷಛΕवᢝΔ੷ࢨཕᐝ੡ԫवᢝຑᥛ᧯Δࠀܓشڼ ຑᥛऱᄗ࢚ࠐ᤭ᤩवᢝհრᆠΔ܀Ոڶᖂृ៶طᎅࣔᇷಛࡉवᢝऱઌฆ๠Δࠐ᠖ 堚वᢝऱრᆠΖڕ Nonaka ࡉ Takeuchi (1995) ᎁ੡ᇷಛፖवᢝࠟृऱრᆠኲྥױ

։Δࠟृհլٵ๠ڇ࣍Κवᢝፖॾ࢚ፖࡉࢭᘭڶᣂΔრܛवᢝ௫֗ਬጟ௽ࡳऱم

໱ΕᨠរࢨრቹΙवᢝՈࡉ۩೯ڶᣂΔڂ੡वᢝൄܶڶਬጟؾऱࢤΖڂۖᇷಛፖ वᢝࠟृऱრᆠࠀլઌٵΖឈྥڕڼΔNonaka ࡉ Takeuchi (1995) ᎁ੡वᢝፖᇷ ಛսڶઌۿ๠ΔܛࠟृઃፖრᆠڶᣂΔრܛࠡრᆠᄎᙟൣቼլٵۖڶࢬޏ᧢Δ׊

ፖൣቼհၴࠠڶᣂᜤࢤΔਢ೯ኪچڇषᄎյ೯խݮګऱΖڼ؆Δࠟृ݁౨ᚥܗܒ ឰൣቼΕᇞެംᠲፖ೚נެࡳΖʳ

SallisፖJonesٵᑌထณ࣍ᇷಛࡉवᢝऱઌฆ๠Δᎁ੡ࠟृၴऱԫႈૹ૞஁ฆ

वᢝ

ཕᐝ

ᇷற ᇷಛ

ຘመ۩೯Εᚨ شࠐ໌ທᏝଖ

ၲ໌Ꮭଖऱऴ

൷ޗற

ڶؾऱچᖞ෻

ࠐႚሒრ࢚

ࡳၦ᧩قࠃኔ

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ڇ࣍वᢝᏁ૞ԫᛧ൜ऱ׌᧯ (knowing object)ΖՈ༉ਢᎅΔᇷಛ׽ڶڇࠠڶवᢝ ऱԳᓿղࠡრᆠழΔթᄎګ੡वᢝΰ׆ڕୃΕ႓ִొΔ2004αΖʳ

ʳ ʳ Wiig (1999a) ޓऴ൷ਐנΔૉגาᛀီᇷಛፖवᢝհءᔆፖขسመ࿓Δᄎ࿇

෼ڼࠟृࠀॺຑᥛऱᣂএΖڇലᇷಛ᠏֏੡वᢝऱመ࿓խΔԳؘႊലຍࠄᄅᇷಛ ࢬឆܶऱᄗ࢚ፖ଺ءբڶऱवᢝઌյຑ࿨Δթ౨ലᄅᇷಛհփ୲ףאփ֏Ζڂڼ ٣ໂवᢝʳ (prior knowledge) ౨ലࢬ൷گऱᇷಛᓿղრᆠΔ׊ଡԳႊ៶ط৬م٣ ໂवᢝࡉᄅᇷಛၴऱຑ࿨ࠐփ֏ᄅᇷಛΖڕڼࢬݮګऱᄅवᢝլႛਢ؆ڇᇷಛऱ ᙁԵΔޓਢ٣ໂवᢝऱ܂شΖط࣍ᄅवᢝࠐ۞࣍լٵ֨෻ढٙऱ࿨ٽፖࠡઌյၴ

ऱຑ࿨Δࠀॺऴ൷طᇷಛ᠏᧢ۖࠐΔڂڼ؆ڇᇷಛऱᙁԵፖࢬขسऱᄅवᢝհၴ

ࠠڶլຑᥛࢤΖإڂڕڼΔवᢝթ౨ࠌݺଚᖑڶኙᄅൣቼࢨംᠲףאტᤚΕං෻Ε ૠ྽Εܒឰፖ۩೯հ౨ԺΖʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ط࣍ԳଚՕຝ։ᔡሖऱൣቼຟਢᄅऱΔৰ֟ࡉ៱ڶൣቼૹᓤΔڂڼवᢝؘ

ႊ༼ࠎݺଚԫጟ౨Ժࢨ෻ᇞԺΔࠌݺଚڇ૿ኙլٵൣቼழ౨ജუנױ౨ऱ๠෻ֱ

ڤΕቃუᄅൣቼऱොᆠΔࠀܒឰࠡ࿨࣠ΖڂۖWiig (1999a) ᎁ੡वᢝࠀॺ׽ਢԫ ጟشࠐ๠෻ࠠ᧯ፖࠏൄ࿇سհൣቼऱ๸៛ࢨਝࡳ࿓ݧΖWiig (1999a) ኙवᢝऱ઎

ऄץܶԫႈૹ૞ොᆠΚवᢝץܶ๠෻ᄅൣቼऱψ౨ԺωΖܛवᢝؘႊਢԫጟ៶ط ᄅ៱ᄗ࢚ࢨ֨෻ᑓڤऱຑ࿨Δᙟထൣቼ᧢֏ۖขسᄅუऄፖܒឰऱ౨ԺΖڼጟव ᢝऱ౨Ժᨠኙ࣍ଡԳ௽ܑૹ૞Δഄڶᖑڶڼጟ౨ขسᄅუऄאᇞެᄅംᠲൣቼऱ ౨ԺΔଡԳթ౨լឰขسᄅऱംᠲᇞެֱऄፖᑓڤΔլឰࢷ୶ଡԳवᢝऱփොΖ ࣄ਍ᣊۿवᢝ౨ԺᨠऱࡸڶHofer-Alfeis (2002)Δהᎁ੡वᢝਢڶய۩೯ऱ౨ԺΔ ڼጟ౨Ժױאയႃچژڇ࣍ଡԳհխࢨ։ཋڇิ៣ᅝխΔࠀ׊ፖᣂ࣍वᢝऱᇷಛ ஒஒઌᣂΖ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ጵٽאՂᖂृࢬ૪ΔवᢝऱრᆠঞױאطवᢝऱࠐᄭΕࢤᔆΕפ౨Εփොፖ ࢬڇհ๠࿛ֱ૿ࠐ։࣫ΰ׆ڕୃΕ႓ִొΔ2004Ι઺❶ੱΔ1999Ι്ٳګΕࡌᓫ ᔕΔ2004ΙᏥࠇ೛Δ2000ΙBarker, 2005; Hofer-Alfeis, 2002; Nonaka & Takeuchi , 1995;

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ΰԫαवᢝऱࠐᄭ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڇࠐᄭֱ૿Δवᢝਢطԫᛧ൜׌᧯௅ᖕءߪऱᆖ᧭ΕᏝଖΕ֮֏ࡉᖂ฾Δኙ ᇷறᓿղრᆠΔၞ۩ေᏝࡉᇞᤩΔࠀࡉ٣ໂवᢝ৬مຑ࿨ࢬ᠏֏ۖࠐΔࢨਢߓอ

֏ࡉ࿨ዌ֏ऱᇷಛΖ׼؆ΔՈڶᖂृᎁ੡वᢝএࠐ۞ཕृऱ৸უΖ ΰԲαवᢝऱࢤᔆ

ڇवᢝऱࢤᔆֱ૿Δवᢝլႛਢრᆠ֏ࢨߓอ֏৵ऱᇷಛΔޓਢԫጟ៶ط ৬مᄅൣቼፖ٣ໂवᢝၴऱຑ࿨Δۖขسᄅᄗ࢚ΕܒឰΕං෻Ε۩೯Δၞۖ౨๠

෻ᄅൣቼࢨᇞެംᠲऱ౨ԺΔࠠڶ೯ኪࢤΕߓอࢤΕ࿨ዌࢤΕؾऱࢤΕൣቼ௽ࡳ

ࢤΔ׊ፖॾ࢚ΕࢭᘭΕრᆠΕ۩೯ઌᣂΔਢԫጟࠠڶੌ೯ࢤᔆऱጵٽ᧯Ζ ΰԿαवᢝऱפ౨

ڇפ౨ֱ૿ΔवᢝױᚥܗԳଚᇭᤩᄅൣቼΕܒឰൣउΕᇞެംᠲΕ༳༽٣ᖲ ፖၲ໌ᏝଖΔᝫױၞԫޡຘመ۩೯ࡉᏝଖ໌ທ᠏֏੡ཕᐝΖवᢝءߪࠠڶีᗨፖ

᠏֏Ꮭଖऱפ౨Δױא੡ᄅᆖ᧭ऱေ۷Εᖞٽፖᇷಛ࿛༼ࠎਮዌΖאิ៣ᨠរۖ

ߢΔवᢝਢิ៣ऱԫႈૹ૞ᇷขΔᄎ໌ທנิ៣ข঴ࡉࣚ೭հॵףᏝଖΖૉലव ᢝᚨش൓ࡵΔٺᣊवᢝঁױא༼ࠎ۩೯հ֧ᖄԺၦΖʳ

ΰ؄αवᢝऱփො

ڇփොֱ૿Δवᢝ੡࿨ዌ֏Εߓอ֏Εრᆠ֏ऱᇷಛΔՈਢᇭᤩᄅൣቼፖᇞ

ެᄅംᠲऱ౨ԺΔץਔ࿨ዌ֏ऱᆖ᧭ΕᏝଖΕᆖመ֮ڗ֏ऱᇷಛΔՈץܶറ୮ᗑ

௽ऱߠᇞΖवᢝ༉ਢवऱᇷขΔො።ऱᒤ໮լႛץਔवᢝΔޓץܶᇷறΕᇷಛΕ वᢝΕཕᐝ࿛ٺଡᐋ૿Ζʳ

ΰնαवᢝऱࢬڇʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ वᢝᄎאԫࠄ᧩ࢤֱڤࡉীኪנ෼Δץਔڇመ࿓Ε࿓ݧΕ֮ٙխऱवᢝΙՈ ᄎאለ੡ឆࢤऱֱڤנ෼ΔڕڇᏝଖΕॾ࢚ΕൣტΕܒឰࡉೣߠᅝխ࿛Ζኙิ៣

ۖߢΔवᢝױ౨ژڇ֮࣍ٙፖᚏژߓอΕֲൄࠏ۩ऱՠ܂Εመ࿓Εച۩ፖ๵ᒤխ

࿛ΖٵழΔवᢝױ౨ژڇଡԳհխΔՈױ౨։ཋڇิ៣ᅝխΖ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ءઔߒאଡԳवᢝጥ෻ऱᨠរנ࿇Δലवᢝࡳᆠ੡ԫጟ౨ࠉൣቼլٵۖขس

(7)

ᄅᄗ࢚Ε۩೯ΔၞۖᚥܗԳଚܒឰൣउࡉᇞެംᠲऱ౨ԺΙۖᇠጟ౨Ժਢطᛧ൜

׌᧯ᆖመലᇷಛᓿղრᆠΔࠀࡉ٣ໂवᢝ৬مຑ࿨ऱመ࿓ࢬ᠏֏ۖࠐऱΖ

၁ ၁ ၁

၁ΕΕΕΕवᢝऱ։ᣊፖवᢝऱ։ᣊፖवᢝऱ։ᣊፖवᢝऱ։ᣊፖ Wiig ऱऱऱवᢝၸᐋऱवᢝၸᐋवᢝၸᐋ वᢝၸᐋ

ڇᛵᇞवᢝऱࡳᆠ৵Δؘႊەᐞवᢝऱઌᣂ։ᣊፖၸᐋΔא༼ࠎवᢝጥ෻հ

෻ᓵഗ៕ΖאՀܛᎅࣔवᢝऱٺጟ։ᣊΔࠀܧ෼ Wiig (1993) ࢬ༼נऱवᢝၸᐋΔ

܂੡ءઔߒհ෻ᓵഗ៕Ζ ԫΕवᢝऱ։ᣊ

वᢝऱױࠉᖕࠡᖑڶृΕࢬڇ๠Εױ࠷൓࿓৫Δא֗ࢤᔆऱ೯ኪ/ᙩኪ࿓৫ ףא։ᣊፖᎅࣔΖ

ΰԫαࠉवᢝऱᖑڶृ։

ԫ౳ۖߢΔڶࠟጟലवᢝࠉᖕᖑڶृףא೴։ऱֱڤΔԫጟലवᢝ։੡ࠟ

ᣊΚଡԳवᢝፖิ៣वᢝΙ׼ԫጟലवᢝ։੡ԿᣊΔץਔଡԳवᢝΕ٥ࠆऱറ॰

वᢝፖֆ٥वᢝΔ։૪ڕՀΚ 1. ଡԳवᢝፖิ៣वᢝ

Arthur Anderson ጥ෻᥽ംֆ׹ലवᢝ։੡ࠟᣊΚଡԳवᢝࡉิ៣वᢝΖଡ Գवᢝਢូ᥆࣍ଡԳऱवᢝΔଡԳױאףאܓشࡉ੒شΔ܀ᣄא։ࠆΔڕტᤚΕ ႰړΕᆖ᧭Ε᧯᧭ΕԳ౧Ε໌რΕᨋტ࿛Ζۖิ៣वᢝঞڶܗ࣍໌ທิ៣ᏝଖΔ

׊࣐࣍ፖהԳ։ࠆΔڕཕᐝತขᦞΕ๻ૠቹΕֱऄᓵፖՠࠠ࿛Ζڇิ៣խΔຍࠟ

ጟवᢝਢٵழژڇऱΔڕڇെ᡻Ε༼ூ஼Εᄐ೭֫םΕݾ๬ፖറᄐवᢝΕઔಘᇷ ற࿛ᅝխΔଡԳवᢝፖิ៣वᢝຟٵழ๯ොਔڇփΰᏥࠇ೛Δ˅˃˃˃αΖ

2. ଡԳवᢝΕ٥ࠆऱറ॰वᢝΕֆ٥वᢝ

Wiig (1993) ௅ᖕवᢝᖑڶृऱլٵΔലवᢝ։੡ԿጟᣊܑΔץਔଡԳवᢝ (personal knowledge) Ε٥ࠆऱറ॰वᢝ (shared expertise)Δא֗ֆ٥वᢝ (public knowledgeʼΔ ։૪ڕՀΚ

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ᣄא࠷൓ΔথՈਢ່ݙᖞऱवᢝΖԳଚڇՠ܂Εୡᑗֲ֗ൄس੒խլᆖრᢝچࠌ شຍࠄଡԳवᢝΖଡԳवᢝൄ๠෻ᣂ࣍෻ᇞژڇऱࠃढΕࠃढऱᣂᜤࢤΔא֗ࠃ ढڕ۶࿇ཀ܂شऱംᠲΔڂڼਢԫጟψवሐਢչᏖω (knowledge of) ࡉψवሐ

੡չᏖω(knowledge why) ऱवᢝΖຍጟଡԳवᢝΔࢨጠփឆवᢝ (tacit knowledge)Δਢवᢝ່ഗءऱݮڤΖ

(2) ٥ࠆऱറ॰वᢝਢറ॰Գ୉ࢬᖑڶऱᇷขΔਢԫጟࠠඈהࢤऱवᢝΔ׽౨ط वᢝՠ܂ृࢬ਍ڶΔڇࠡՠ܂խףא։ࠆΔࢨृឆܶڇઝݾࡉࠡהറ॰Գ୉௽ڶ ऱ।ᐛݮڤᅝխΖ٥ࠆऱറ॰वᢝለֆ٥वᢝޓࠠറ॰ࢤ׊ޓף壄าΔຏൄ๠෻

ᣂ࣍ڕ۶ച۩Εܒឰፖ઎ৱ௽ࡳՠ܂ࢨൣቼऱംᠲΔਢԫጟᣂ࣍ψवሐ৻Ꮦ೚ω (knowledge how) ऱवᢝΖ٥ࠆറ॰वᢝՕڍਢ؆᧩ऱΔᄎڇٵԫᏆ഑ऱറᄐՠ

܂ृ֗ኔ೭ՠ܂ृհၴੌႚΔٵழՈץਔឆܶڇઝݾΕՠ܂ኔ೭Εറܓᦞᅝխऱ वᢝΖ

(3) ֆ٥वᢝਢ່୲࣐࠷൓ऱवᢝΔՕຝ։ਢ؆᧩ऱΔ౨ജ੡Գࢬႚ඄ࢨ։ࠆΔ

׊ڇֆ٥Ꮖ഑փຏൄױא࠷൓Ζڂڼֆ٥वᢝਢԫጟ؆᧩ऱवᢝ (explicit knowledge)Ζ

ΰԲαࠉवᢝऱࢬڇፖױ࠷൓࿓৫։Κ؆᧩वᢝΕփឆवᢝ

वᢝᝫױࠉࠡױ࠷൓࿓৫։੡؆᧩ࡉփឆवᢝΖࠟृհრᆠ։ܑᎅࣔڕՀΚ 1. ؆᧩वᢝ (Explicit knowledge)

ࢬᘯ؆᧩वᢝএਐܧ෼ڇ஼ءࢨ֮ٙհխΔץܶࠃኔΕᨠ࢚ΕܒឰΔא֗ψव ᢝრցิω (knowledge chunks) ၴઌյᣂএऱ೏৫壄᝷वᢝ (Wiig, 1993: 11) Ζ

؆᧩वᢝਢݮڤ֏ፖࠠߓอࢤऱΔڂ࣐ۖ࣍ႚᐾࡉ։ࠆΔڕױຘመข঴ᎅࣔ஼Ε ઝᖂֆڤࢨሽᆰ࿓ڤ࿛ףאႚᐾ։ࠆʳ (Nonaka , 1991)Ζʳ

ڼ؆Δิ៣փᝫڶ׼ԫጟ؆᧩वᢝΔޢᅝԳଚച۩वᢝՠ܂ழΔवᢝঁᄎ࠹

ࠩ᠏֏ΔრܛवᢝطԳଚߪՂ᠏ฝࠩՠ܂ข঴ᅝխΔګ੡փ༊ڇᇠข঴խऱव ᢝΖڼጟवᢝጠ੡ψփ༊वᢝω(embedded knowledge)Ζփ༊वᢝױ౨ژڇ࣍ิ

៣ऱข঴ࢨࣚ೭ΕઝݾΕิ៣࿨ዌΕറܓᦞፖ໌܂঴Εߓอፖ࿓ݧΕ֮֏ႚอ࿛

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ᅝխΔ᥆࣍؆᧩वᢝऱԫᣊʳ (Wiig, 1993)Ζʳ 2. փឆवᢝ (Tacit knowledge)

փឆवᢝਢᆖመଡԳփ֏ࡉ۞೯֏ऱवᢝΔᣄאፖהԳ։ࠆΔڍ੡ᓤᠧΕཋ ႖Δ׊آᆖ壄᝷ऱवᢝΔᄎีᗨګ੡ڶवᢝृᆰխऱݾ๬वᢝ (know-how) ፖ෻

ᇞʳ (Wiig, 1993: 11, 151)ΖփឆवᢝঞᄕࠠଡԳߏയࢤΕൣቼ௽ࡳࢤ׊ᣄאݮڤ

֏ΔڂڼՈᣄאႚᐾ࿯הԳΖփឆवᢝ෡៲ڇ௽ࡳൣቼՀऱଡԳ۩೯ᅝխΔڕڇ ݾᢌΕറᄐΕ௽ࡳऱઝݾࢨข঴ؑ໱խΔࢨڇՠ܂՛ิࢨቸၷ੒೯խ࿛Ζփឆव ᢝץܶԫຝٝݾ๬ࢤऱݾ౨Δਢԫጟॺݮڤ֏Εᣄאᒔࡳऱݾ؏Δױطψറ॰व ᢝω (know- how) ԫဲףאොਔΖٵழΔփឆवᢝՈࠠڶᎁवऱᐋ૿Δץܶ֨

෻ᑓڤΕॾ࢚ࡉᨠរΖط࣍ຍࠄ֨෻ᑓڤΕॾ࢚ࡉᨠរຟਢݺଚ௅෡ᆳࡐऱवᢝΔ ڂڼݺଚൄലࠡီ੡෻ࢬᅝྥۖᣄא।ሒנࠐʳ (Nonaka , 1991)Ζփឆवᢝץܶא Հ؄ጟᣊীΚ(1)ࠃኔΕᆖᒔᎁऱᇷறΔא֗֨෻ᑓڤ (2)ᨠរΕীኪ(gestalt)ፖ ᄗ࢚ (3)ܒឰΕཚඨΕᑉழऱ೗๻Εॾ࢚ (4)شאං෻ऱ࿜ฃፖֱऄᓵՂऱᨠរ (Wiig, 1993: 233)Ζʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ փឆፖ؆᧩वᢝࠟृڶԫࠄઌฆ๠ΔڕփឆवᢝՕڍਢᆖ᧭ऱΕኔᎾऱΕ׌

ᨠऱΙۖ؆᧩ऱवᢝຏൄਢ෻ࢤऱΕݮۖՂऱΕড়ᨠऱΖփឆवᢝਢڇ௽ࡳΕኔ Ꮎऱψվழվچω౧࿮հՀࢬ໌ທנࠐऱΔࠠڶࢬᘯψᣊֺω(analog) ऱ௽ᔆΖ ڼਐڇԳፖԳհၴ։ࠆփឆवᢝΔᏁ૞៶طᄮຏΔࢨኙڍԳࢬ٥ࠆऱᓤᠧᤜᠲၞ

۩ψٵழࢤऱ๠෻ω (simultaneous processingʼΔڂڼਢԫጟᣊֺऱመ࿓Ζۖ؆᧩

वᢝਢᣂ࣍መװ࿇سࠃढऱवᢝΔਢԫጟψᅝழᅝچωऱवᢝΙࠡ໌ທመ࿓ࠠڶ ڻݧࢤΔ๯ Bateson ጠ੡ψᑇۯऱω੒೯ (Nonaka & Takeuchi,1995: 60)Ζ؆᧩व ᢝፖփឆवᢝऱ೴ܑኴ૞ڕ। 2-1Ζࠉᖕ Wiig (1993) հࡳᆠΔছ૪հֆ٥वᢝ ፖ٥ࠆऱറ॰वᢝ᥆࣍؆᧩ऱवᢝΔۖଡԳवᢝঞਢփឆऱवᢝΖ

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। ˅ˀ˄ʳ वᢝऱࠟጟᣊীʳ փឆवᢝʳ

ΰ׌ᨠऱαʳ

؆᧩वᢝʳ ΰড়ᨠऱαʳ ᆖ᧭ऱवᢝʳ ΰߪαʳ ෻ࢤऱवᢝΰ֨αʳ ٵழࢤऱवᢝΰվழվچαʳ ڻݧࢤऱवᢝΰᅝழᅝچαʳ

ᣊֺऱवᢝΰኔ೭αʳ ᑇۯऱवᢝΰ෻ᓵαʳ ᇷறࠐᄭΚ࠷۞ Nonaka & Takeuchi (1995: 61ʼΖ

ΰԿαࠉवᢝࢤᔆऱᙩኪፖ೯ኪ࿓৫։Κ׌೯ፖ๯೯वᢝ

ʳ ʳ ʳ

ʳ ڼ؆Δवᢝױࠉᖕवᢝऱ೯ኪࡉᙩኪ࿓৫։੡׌೯वᢝࡉ๯೯वᢝΖ׌೯व

ᢝፖ׌೯ऱ۩೯ृΰڕԳᣊΕሽᆰ֏ऱवᢝߓอαऴ൷ઌᣂΔਢشאං෻Εፖה Գյ೯ࢨኙൣቼ೚נ֘ᚨऱवᢝΙ๯೯वᢝঞլፖٚ۶׌೯ऱ۩೯ृઌᣂΔՈآ

ؘ౨ऴ൷شאං෻Δլመڶױ౨شא֧࿇֘ᚨΖ๯೯वᢝץܶ༓ጟݮڤΔڶࠄ᥆

࣍ཕᐝತขऱᒤ໮Δڕ஼ءՂऱवᢝΕᢌ๬໌܂࿛Ζۖڶࠄิ៣መऱवᢝՈڶױ ౨ਢ๯೯ऱΔڕڇቹ஼塢ऱ஼ፖᖙ܂֫םխऱवᢝΖڼ؆Δ๯೯वᢝՈ౨੡Գࢬ

਍ڶΔᅝԳଚ׽ಖ൓ଡܑऱࠃኔࢨ௽ࡳऱׂ੄ழΔঁਢ਍ڶ๯೯वᢝऱ।෼

(Wiig,1993: 11,74,75)Ζ ԲΕWiig ऱवᢝၸᐋ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ˪iig (1993)௅ᖕवᢝऱփ˂؆᧩ፖ׌˂๯೯Δ৬ዌԫଡवᢝ।෼ݮڤऱၸᐋΔ ڇڼၸᐋխΔലवᢝ։੡؆᧩๯೯Ε؆᧩׌೯Εփឆ๯೯Εփឆ׌೯Εփ༊๯೯Ε փ༊׌೯քጟΔڕቹ ˅ˀ˅ ࢬقΚʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ

(11)

ቹ ˅ˀ˅ʳ א؆᧩˂փឆΕ׌೯˂๯೯೴։ऱवᢝၸᐋ ᇷறࠐᄭΚ࠷۞ Wiig (1993Κ158ʼΖ

Wiig (1993) ࢬ༼נհवᢝၸᐋΔኙ࣍वᢝփොऱ։࣫ઌᅝךٝΔਮዌٍԼ

։堚ཐΔኙ࣍৬مवᢝጥ෻౨Ժऱਮዌઌᅝࠠڶඔ࿇ࢤΖڂڼءઔߒհઔߒՠࠠ

ਮዌΔএ௅ᖕՂ૪वᢝၸᐋףאᒳ፹Δ܀ڶᦹ࣍փ༊वᢝױץਔڇ؆᧩वᢝփΔ ڂڼႛലवᢝጥ෻౨Ժࠉᖕ؄ጟवᢝऱᣊܑΰ؆᧩๯೯Ε؆᧩׌೯Εփឆ๯೯Ε փឆ׌೯αףא൶ಘΖʳ

ʳ ʳ

वᢝवᢝवᢝवᢝ

؆᧩؆᧩

؆᧩؆᧩

๯೯ऱ

๯೯ऱ๯೯ऱ

๯೯ऱ

ڕΚ ڇቹ஼塢ऱ

஼Εᖙ܂֫ם հխ

׌೯ऱ

׌೯ऱ

׌೯ऱ׌೯ऱ

ڕΚ

ڇवᢝഗ៕ߓ อ(KBS)Ε റ୮հխ

๯೯ऱ๯೯ऱ

๯೯ऱ๯೯ऱ

ڕΚ ڇઝݾ ข঴խ

׌೯ऱ׌೯ऱ׌೯ऱ

׌೯ऱ

ڕΚ ڇᇷಛߓอ

ࣚ೭խ

๯೯ऱ

๯೯ऱ๯೯ऱ

๯೯ऱ

ڕΚ

ڇൣᆏڤಖᖋ ଡܑࠃኔխ

׌೯ऱ׌೯ऱ

׌೯ऱ׌೯ऱ

ڕΚ ڇ࿓ݧࢤಖ ᖋ۞೯֏ऱ ࠏ۩࿓ݧխ

փឆփឆփឆ փឆ

փ փ փ փ༊༊༊ ༊

(12)

รԲᆏ รԲᆏ รԲᆏ

รԲᆏ वᢝጥ෻ वᢝጥ෻ वᢝጥ෻ वᢝጥ෻ፖवᢝጥ෻౨Ժհ ፖवᢝጥ෻౨Ժհ ፖवᢝጥ෻౨Ժհ ፖवᢝጥ෻౨Ժհრ რ რො რ ො ො ො

ᛵᇞवᢝհრᆠ৵Δঁױಾኙवᢝጥ෻ၞ۩൶ಘΖءᆏܛ։ܑᎅࣔवᢝጥ෻

ፖवᢝጥ෻౨ԺհრොΖ

໸ΕΕΕΕवᢝጥ෻वᢝጥ෻वᢝጥ෻वᢝጥ෻հհհհრොრොრොრො

वᢝጥ෻ਢԫଡᐖऑऱᄗ࢚Δૉ૞෻ᇞࠡრᆠΔؘႊ٣ᛵᇞլٵᨠរࢨྡྷរ ऱवᢝጥ෻ኙ࣍वᢝጥ෻ऱഗء೗ࡳፖ෻ᓵഗ៕ΖאՀঁಾኙवᢝጥ෻ऱլٵᨠ រΔא֗वᢝጥ෻ऱრᆠףאᎅࣔΖ

ԫΕवᢝጥ෻ऱᨠរ

Wiig (1999a, 1999b) ௅ᖕิ៣ಳޣवᢝጥ෻ऱլٵֱڤΔ༼נ؄ጟլٵ

ྡྷរऱवᢝጥ෻Δ։ܑ੡אԳ୉੡ྡྷរΕאᇷಛጥ෻֗ᇷಛઝݾ੡ྡྷរΕאٞᄐ ய౨੡ྡྷរΔፖאཕᐝᇷข੡ྡྷរऱवᢝጥ෻Ζʳ

אԳ୉੡ྡྷរऱवᢝጥ෻ထૹଡԳհၴऱवᢝ։ࠆΔא֗ഛ塄壄ᒯऱඒߛፖ वᢝ։಻౨ԺΙאᇷಛጥ෻ፖᇷಛઝݾ੡ྡྷរृঞܓشᇷಛઝݾאᛧ࠷ΕሎشΕ

༈ބፖ։಻वᢝࢨᇷಛΙאٞᄐய౨੡ྡྷរृሎشࢬڶױ۩ऱֱڤࠐޏ࿳ٞᄐऱ ሎ܂֗ᖞ᧯ய౨Ιಳޣཕᐝᇷขྡྷរऱิ៣ᄎ৬مፖሎشཕᐝᇷءΔאᏺၞٞᄐ ข౨ፖᆖᛎᏝଖΖ

ೈאլٵྡྷរ೴։वᢝጥ෻հ؆ΔSveiby (2001) ᎁ੡वᢝጥ෻ڶࠟጟຜஉ ፖᐋڻΖڇຜஉֱ૿Δױ։੡ᇷಛઝݾຜஉऱवᢝጥ෻ (IT-Track KM) Δא֗Գ

୉ຜஉऱवᢝጥ෻ (People-Track KM)Δ։૪ڕՀΚ ΰԫαᇷಛઝݾຜஉऱवᢝጥ෻Κܛኙᇷಛऱጥ෻

ڼᏆ഑խऱઔߒृࢨኔ೭Գ୉ຏൄࠠڶᇷಛઝݾֱ૿ऱඒߛહནΔൕࠃᇷಛ ጥ෻ߓอΕԳՠཕᐝΕ٦ທՠ࿓ (reengineering)Εषᆢጻ࿮ (group ware) ࿛ऱ৬ ᆜΖኙຍࠄԳۖߢΔवᢝ༉࿛࣍ढٙΔױא堚ᄑچףאᙃܑΔࠀڇᇷಛߓอխף

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א๠෻Ζ

ΰԲαԳ୉ຜஉऱवᢝጥ෻ΚܛኙԳ୉ऱጥ෻

ڼᏆ഑խऱઔߒृࢨኔ೭Գ୉ຏൄࠠڶୃᖂΕ֨෻ᖂΕषᄎᖂࢨٞᄐጥ෻ऱ હནΔൕࠃኙ࣍ଡԳݾ౨ፖ۩੡ऱေ۷Εޏ᧢ࡉޏ࿳ΖኙຍࠄԳۖߢΔवᢝઌᅝ

࣍ᖵ࿓Δਢԫิլឰޏ᧢ऱΕᓤᠧऱ೯ኪݾ౨ፖറ॰वᢝ࿛ΖႚอՂΔڼᣊԳ୉Δ ڕ֨෻ᖂ୮Δᄎᖂ฾ፖጥ෻Ղ૪ऱଡԳ౨ԺΙڇิ៣ᐋڻՂΔঞطୃᖂ୮Εषᄎ ᖂ୮ࢨิ៣෻ᓵᖂ୮ൕࠃڼႈՠ܂Ζ

ڇवᢝጥ෻ऱᐋڻֱ૿ΔSveiby (2001) ঞᎁ੡वᢝጥ෻ױ։੡ଡԳᐋڻࡉ

ิ៣ᐋڻࠟጟΖ௅ᖕՂ૪वᢝጥ෻ຜஉፖᐋڻऱ։ᣊΔױݮګڕ। 2-2 ऱఢೄΖ

। 2-2 वᢝጥ෻ऱຜஉፖᐋڻ ຜஉ

ᐋڻ

ᇷಛጥ෻ຜஉΚ वᢝ=ढٙ

Գ୉ຜஉΚ वᢝ=ᖵ࿓

ิ៣ᐋڻ ٦ທՠ࿓ஃ

(Re-engineers) ิ៣෻ᓵᖂृ

ଡԳᐋڻ Գՠཕᐝറ୮

ᑇۯറ୮ ֨෻ᖂ୮

ᇷறࠐᄭΚ࠷۞ Sveiby (2001ʼΖ

ലवᢝီ੡ढٙऱઔߒृፖኔ೭Գ୉ຏൄאᇷಛ෻ᓵऱᨠរࠐ෻ᇞवᢝΙല वᢝီ੡ᖵ࿓ृঞለൄག֧ୃᖂΕ֨෻ᖂࢨषᄎᖂऱᄗ࢚܂੡෻ᓵഗ៕Ζط࣍Ղ ૪ࠟጟլٵࠢᒤڶլٵऱवᢝࠐᄭΔڂڼՈᄎࠌشլٵऱ፿ߢࠐ༴૪वᢝጥ෻Ζ ጵٽאՂࢬ૪Δवᢝጥ෻ױലྡྷរ࣋ڇԳ୉Εᇷಛጥ෻ፖᇷಛઝݾΕٞᄐய ౨Εཕᐝᇷข࿛ֱ૿ՂΙՈױطଡԳᐋڻ֗ิ៣ᐋڻࠐ൶ಘΖኙवᢝऱլٵ೗ࡳ

ࢨᨠរΔᄎທ༉լٵࡳᆠፖૹរऱवᢝጥ෻Ζڇᛵᇞլٵᨠរऱवᢝጥ෻৵Δঁ

ױၞԫޡ൶ಘլٵᨠរՀवᢝጥ෻ऱრᆠΖ ԲΕवᢝጥ෻ऱრᆠ

(14)

ڕছࢬ૪Δط࣍वᢝጥ෻ᨠរऱլٵΔवᢝጥ෻ऱࡳᆠԼ։ڍցۖᐖऑΔࠌ شٚԫጟ։ᣊ݁ᣄאᒡጐवᢝጥ෻ऱࡳᆠΖլመवᢝጥ෻ऱլٵࡳᆠՕી݁౨א Ղ૪ Wiig (1999a, 1999b) ࢬ༼נऱ؄ጟवᢝጥ෻ྡྷរףאොਔΔڂڼאՀঁ௅

ᖕ Wiig ऱ։ᣊΔᎅࣔլٵྡྷរऱवᢝጥ෻հࡳᆠΔࠀ׼٨נྤऄូᣊृףאᎅ

ࣔΖ

ΰԫαאԳ୉੡ྡྷរऱवᢝጥ෻Κ

אԳ୉੡ྡྷរऱवᢝጥ෻ထૹଡԳհၴऱवᢝ։ࠆΔא֗ഛ塄ଡԳऱवᢝጥ

෻౨ԺΔڕ Platt (2000) ᎁ੡वᢝጥ෻ਢڇԫଡւ๺ࢬڶ୉ՠ࠷൓ࢬᏁऱᇷಛᇷ ᄭאഛ塄ՠ܂ࢬᏁवᢝऱᖂ฾ᛩቼՀΔኙ࣍ߓอࢨመ࿓ऱ໌ທΖՂ૪ऱᇷᄭױ౨ ץਔ፦ႃፖᚏژᇷற஄խऱᇷறΔࢨृطٵࠃࢨጥ෻ृڇಖᖋխഛ塄֗ᚏژऱव ᢝΖהᝫᎁ੡वᢝጥ෻խ່ૹ૞ऱګ։༉ਢᇷᄭ٥ࠆΖՂ૪ऱࡳᆠএഗ࣍אՀࠟ

រ෻ᇞ (Srikantaiah, 2000)Κ

1. वᢝءߪࠀլ౨๯ጥ෻Δ׽ڶݺଚشא։ࠆवᢝऱመ࿓ࢨߓอթ౨๯ጥ෻Ζ 2. ګפऱवᢝጥ෻ؘႊאԫଡআၞࡉᑻᚐᇷᄭ٥ࠆऱ࠰ٵᖂ฾ᛩቼ੡ছ༼Ζ אՂࡳᆠ݁א୉ՠ੡խ֨Δൎᓳ։ࠆवᢝऱመ࿓א֗আၞᇷᄭ٥ࠆऱᖂ฾ᛩ ቼΔഗءՂਢאԳ୉੡ྡྷរऱवᢝጥ෻ࡳᆠΖאڼࡳᆠۖߢΔवᢝءߪਢᖵ࿓ۖ

ॺढٙΖ

ΰԲαאᇷಛጥ෻֗ᇷಛઝݾ੡ྡྷរ

ʳ ʳ ᙟထᇷಛઝݾऱ࿇୶Δඡ२ऱᖂृດዬലઝݾ౏Եवᢝጥ෻ऱࡳᆠխΔࠌઝ ݾګ੡෼זवᢝጥ෻ࢬլױࢨ౒ऱ૞ైΖڼᣊवᢝጥ෻ऱࡳᆠထૹሎشᇷಛઝݾ ࠐၞ۩वᢝჼ༈Εᛧ࠷Ε։ࠆΕሎشΕ໌ທ࿛੒೯Ζڕ Duffy (2000) ᎁ੡वᢝጥ

෻ਢԫጟٞᄐՠ܂࿓ݧΔՈਢԫጟറᄐᖂ॰Ιਢشא࠰ܗิ៣ൕءߪ່ૹ૞ऱᇷ ข—वᢝխ࠷൓່Օய墿ऱٞᄐኔ೭ፖઝݾΖवᢝጥ෻ऱመ࿓Ꮑ૞ઝݾऱ֭਍Δ אឯ࠷ፖ։ࠆԳଚऱवᢝΕআၞٽ܂Δࠀ༼ࠎ࠷൓ᐖऑᇷಛऱዃຏጥሐΖڇवᢝ ጥ෻ऱመ࿓խΔઝݾؘႊ֭਍ࢬڶፖवᢝઌᣂऱ੒೯Δץਔवᢝऱᛧ࠷Εิ៣Ε ᛀ౉Ε։಻Εፂ਍࿛Ζ

(15)

ΰԿαאٞᄐய౨੡ྡྷរΚ

ڍᑇิ៣ᨠរऱवᢝጥ෻݁אܓشवᢝጥ෻আၞิ៣ய౨੡ؾऱΔڼᣊवᢝ ጥ෻ႜٻ࣍אٞᄐய౨੡ྡྷរΖڕ Arthur Anderson ጥ෻᥽ംֆ׹ᎁ੡वᢝጥ෻

ਢԫଡ࿜ฃࢤᓰᠲΕᏝଖ໌ທऱഗ៕Δ،ױאٵழ༼֒ิ៣փ໌ທࢤवᢝऱᔆፖ ၦΔࠀൎ֏वᢝऱױ۩ࢤፖᏝଖΖࠡਮዌץܶิ៣ऱ٥ࠆΕ੒شፖኔᔌΙۖᇷಛ ጥ෻ױא࠰ܗवᢝऱ৬ዌΔࠀףຒवᢝጥ෻ऱੌ࿓Ζवᢝጥ෻ऱਮዌױطאՀֆ ڤࠐ।قΚ

KM=ΰP + KαS

ֆڤխऱ KM ਐऱਢवᢝጥ෻ਮዌΙP ז।ԳΔਢवᢝऱሎሉृΙK ਢवᢝΙ

“+”ঞז।ᇷಛઝݾΔױ࠰ܗवᢝጥ෻հ৬ዌΙS ।ق։ࠆΖ១ߢհΔवᢝጥ෻

ਢطԳሎሉवᢝΔᆖط։ࠆऱመ࿓ፖᇷಛઝݾऱ࠰ܗΔሒګवᢝጥ෻ऱ৬ዌΔ໌

ທิ៣ऱᏝଖΰᏥࠇ೛Δ˅˃˃˃αΖ

ڼ؆ΔCarliner (2002) ᎁ੡वᢝጥ෻ਢڇิ៣փᛧ࠷ΕᚏژΕ᠏֏ࡉཋᐾᇷ ಛΔࠡؾᑑ՛۞ᏺၞய౨ΔՕ۟আၞ໌ᄅፖᤁञᚌႨΖٵᑌچΔࣥࣟ堚ΰ2003α ലवᢝጥ෻ࡳᆠ੡Κิ៣੡ᏺףسژᖲᄎፖᤁञᚌႨΔڂۖኙ࣍ิ៣փ؆ຝऱଡ ԳΕᆢิࢨቸ᧯փڶᏝଖऱवᢝΔၞ۩ڶߓอچࡳᆠΕᛧ࠷ΕᚏژΕ։ࠆ᠏ฝΕ ܓشΕေ۷࿛ՠ܂ΖՂ૪ࡳᆠೣٻലवᢝጥ෻ီ੡ԫመ࿓Δ່ࠡึؾऱսڇ࣍ࠌ

ิ៣ຘመڼመ࿓༼֒ࠡᤁञԺΖ ΰ؄αאཕᐝᇷข੡ྡྷរ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ Ոڶലवᢝጥ෻ီ੡ኙཕᐝᇷขհጥ෻ृΔڕ Sveiby (2001) ᎁ੡वᢝਢԫ ጟԳᣊऱפ౨ΔೈԱ౨๯Գءߪጥ෻א؆Δࠀլਢԫጟ౨ജ࠹ࠩጥ෻ऱࣟ۫Ζڂ

ۖהᎁ੡वᢝጥ෻ਢൕྤݮᇷขխ໌ທᏝଖऱᢌ๬Ζ ΰնαࠡ،ྡྷរऱवᢝጥ෻

ೈՂ૪؄ጟྡྷរऱवᢝጥ෻ࡳᆠ؆Δࡸڶຝ։ᖂृኙवᢝጥ෻ऱࡳᆠΔྤऄ

(16)

ᖲዌࢬڶറ॰वᢝऱᄅֱڤΔࢬ๠෻ऱႈؾץਔΚᇷற஄Εጻీտ૿ፖ֮ٙΙٵ ழवᢝጥ෻Ոਢԫጟ੡ܛழवᢝፖ٤෺२ሁ (access) ࢬ৬ᆜऱवᢝഗ៕ਮዌΔ ౨ൎ֏ᖲዌխवᢝऱ౨ߠ৫Ζवᢝጥ෻լႛਢڇᖲዌփ։ࠆवᢝΔᝫץਔፖ؆ࠐ ড়֪ઌյ։ࠆΙٵழवᢝጥ෻Ոਢԫଡᖲዌऱवᢝ֮֏Ζ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ്ٳګፖࡌᓫᔕΰ2004αലवᢝጥ෻ࡳᆠ੡Κאᇷಛઝݾ੡᎖ܗՠࠠΔڇิ

៣խᖄ֧ොਔԳᖲΕԳᎾΕԳፖᖲዌऱवᢝࢤ۩೯Δࠡؾऱڇ࣍আၞิ៣փवᢝ ऱีᗨΕឩཋΕ։ࠆΕ໌ທፖףଖய࣠Ζڼԫࡳᆠൎᓳवᢝጥ෻ऱመ࿓ΔٵழՈ

ࣹૹᇷಛઝݾࢬފዝऱߡۥΔ່ۖࠡึؾऱڇ࣍ᏺၞิ៣ய෷Ζڂڼءࡳᆠො።

אᇷಛઝݾ੡ྡྷរፖאٞᄐய౨੡ྡྷរऱवᢝጥ෻Ζإڕ Wiig (1999)ࢬ૪Δิ

៣ױאආ࠷໢ԫऱवᢝጥ෻ᨠរࠐ಻ٽᇠֆ׹ऱᏁޣΔՈ౨ᖞٽլٵऱ࿜ฃ૿

ٻΔאಳޣᇠิ៣ऱխ֨࿜ฃؾᑑΖ

Sallis ࡉ Jones ᎁ੡ψवᢝጥ෻ωԫဲऱᒤ໮ץਔൕᄅઝݾᚨش۟ለ੡ᐖऑ ܓشิ៣ᇷءऱ۩੡Ζឈྥᖂृኙवᢝጥ෻ऱࡳᆠլԫΔথຟڶԫႈ٥ᢝΔঁਢ ലवᢝጥ෻ီ੡ψᖂ฾ᛧ൜չᏖਢݺଚࢬवሐऱωΰ׆ڕୃΕ႓ִొΔ2004Κ5αΖ ᜔ۖߢհΔवᢝጥ෻ऱොਔᒤ໮ৰᐖΔጤ઎ࠌشृڕ۶ףאࡳᆠΖԳ୉࠷ٻ ऱवᢝጥ෻ထૹԳᎾऱवᢝ։ࠆΔא֗ഛ塄ଡԳऱवᢝጥ෻౨ԺΙᇷಛઝݾ࠷ٻ ऱवᢝጥ෻ࣹૹ൶ߒᇷಛઝݾڕ۶ڶயᚥܗवᢝጥ෻Ιٞᄐய౨࠷ٻऱवᢝጥ෻

אᏺၞิ៣ய౨੡ؾऱΙཕᐝᇷข࠷ٻऱवᢝጥ෻ီवᢝ੡ԳऱཕᐝᇷขΔૹီ

ࠡᏝଖ໌ທ૿ΖૉאଡԳፖิ៣ᐋ૿ࠐ։࣫वᢝጥ෻ΔঞڇଡԳֱ૿Δवᢝጥ෻

ڱڇᚥܗଡԳᛧ࠷ΕᚏژΕሎشΕ໌ທΕ։ࠆवᢝΙૉאิ៣૿ۖߢΔवᢝጥ෻

ऱؾऱڇ࣍ᏺၞิ៣փऱवᢝ٥ࠆΔאআၞิ៣հய౨Ζ

ٚ۶ऱवᢝጥ෻ຟאଡԳࢨิ៣Ꮑޣ੡ࠉូΔط࣍ޢଡԳࢨิ៣ຟڶլٵᏁ

૞Δڂڼवᢝጥ෻۞ྥᄎڶլٵૹរΔڶழՈᄎොਔࠟጟאՂऱྡྷរΖՂ૪ኙ࣍

वᢝጥ෻ྡྷរऱ։ᣊΔ࢖ڼհၴࠀॺյ؞Δۖਢױא࢖ڼܶ᥊ΔٌյሎشऱΖء ઔߒխऱवᢝጥ෻ထૹଡԳᐋ૿Δࠀ׊ൎᓳፖጻሁᛩቼऱ಻ٽΔڂڼႜٻലवᢝ ጥ෻ऱࡳᆠොਔאԳ୉੡ྡྷរ֗אᇷಛጥ෻ፖᇷಛઝݾ੡ྡྷរऱࡳᆠΖངߢհΔ

(17)

ءઔߒխऱवᢝጥ෻ထૹଡԳհၴऱवᢝ։ࠆΔא֗ܓشᇷಛઝݾၞ۩ڶயऱव ᢝጥ෻Ζ

၁ ၁ ၁

၁ΕΕΕΕवᢝጥ෻౨Ժवᢝጥ෻౨Ժवᢝጥ෻౨Ժवᢝጥ෻౨Ժհհհհრრრრොොොො

ءઔߒհྡྷរڇ࣍൶ಘଡԳवᢝጥ෻౨ԺΔڂڼΔڇᛵᇞवᢝጥ෻հഗءრ ᆠ৵Δؘႊၞۖ൶ߒवᢝጥ෻հփොΔନൕխ൓ववᢝጥ෻ࢬᏁ౨ԺΖ

Wiig (1993:20, 419) མ༼נवᢝጥ෻ऱഗءਮዌΔהലֺࠡ໧੡वᢝጥ෻ऱ ԿՕᑚਪΔٵழՈਢጥ෻वᢝࢬᏁհ౨ԺΔץਔ൶౉वᢝፖࠡᔞ֊৫Ε࿇෼ፖေ

۷वᢝᏝଖΕ׌೯ጥ෻वᢝԿଡ׌૞૿ٻΔۖڼԿ૿ٻԾ։ܑطᑇଡإڤፖॺإ ڤհֱऄࢬิګΔ։૪ڕՀΚ

ΰԫα൶౉वᢝፖࠡᔞ֊৫

੡ڶயጥ෻वᢝΔଈ٣ؘႊᓳ਷ፖ༴૪෼ڶऱवᢝᇷᄭΕՠ܂යٙፖؾছࢬ ሒࠩऱයٙΔۖ৵ֱ౨ิ៣෼ڶऱᇷᄭΖڂڼؘႊᓳ਷Ε༴૪Ε։ᣊΕ։࣫Ε֧

נΕᒳᤊፖิ៣वᢝ࿛Ζ ΰԲα࿇෼ፖေ۷वᢝᏝଖ

ڇၞ۩ٚ۶वᢝ੒೯ፖઌᣂऱޏ᧢אছΔؘႊ٣ܒឰຍࠄ੒೯ࢬ౨൅ࠐऱܓ 墿ࡉᏝଖΔڂڼؘႊኙवᢝፖࠡઌᣂ۩೯հᏝଖףאေᏝࡉܒឰΖ

ΰԿα׌೯ጥ෻वᢝ

ڇᛵᇞ෼उፖ൓ववᢝጥ෻ױ౨൅ࠐऱᏝଖ৵Δঁױެࡳආ࠷ୌࠄ۩೯ࠐሒ ګؾᑑΖڼழؘႊጵٽवᢝઌᣂ੒೯Δࠀ׊๠෻ΕሎشΕ൳ࠫΕᘝၦፖ։಻वᢝΔ ࠌࠡ۞೯֏Ζ

طڼױवΔवᢝጥ෻ࢬᏁհ౨Ժץਔᓳ਷Ε༴૪Ε։࣫Εᒳᤊፖิ៣वᢝऱ ౨ԺΙܒឰवᢝ֗ࠡઌᣂ੒೯ऱᏝଖհ౨ԺΙጵٽवᢝઌᣂ੒೯Δ๠෻ΕሎشΕ

൳ࠫΕᘝၦΕ։಻वᢝࠀࠌࠡ۞೯֏ऱ౨ԺΖ

Arthur Anderson ጥ෻᥽ംֆ׹༼נवᢝጥ෻ऱ؄ଡኔᔌᣊܑΔܛ؄ጟኔᔌव

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៣ᖂ฾ፖีᗨवᢝΕ଀ᄅፖ໌৬वᢝΰᏥࠇ೛Δ2001αΖՂ૪؄ጟवᢝጥ෻ऱኔ ᔌᣊܑΔૉᚨشڇଡԳवᢝጥ෻౨ԺՂΔױא֏੡Ⴊႃፖ٦ܓشवᢝհ౨ԺΕ࿇

ൺംᠲፖሎشवᢝאᇞެംᠲհ౨ԺΕีᗨवᢝհ౨ԺΰץਔႪႃवᢝፖലࠡߓ อ֏αΕ໌ທፖሎشवᢝհ౨ԺΖ

GoldΕMalhotra ፖ Segars (2001) אٞᄐऱᨠរΔ༼נवᢝጥ෻հഗ៕౨Ժ ᑓڤ (Knowledge Management Infrastructure Capability Model)Ζהଚᎁ੡ٞᄐૉ

૞៶طवᢝጥ෻ګפچ༼ࣙࠡᜎயΔءߪؘႊࠠڶवᢝጥ෻ഗ៕౨Ժא֗वᢝጥ

෻ੌ࿓౨ԺΖছृץਔઝݾΕ࿨ዌ֮֗֏Կֱ૿ऱഗ៕౨ԺΙ৵ृঞץਔवᢝऱ

฾൓Ε᠏ངΕሎش֗অᥨ؄ጟੌ࿓౨ԺΖवᢝጥ෻ഗ៕౨Ժএאิ៣ऱሰᨠ૿੡

׌૞ەၦΔڂڼլᔞش࣍ᇞᤩଡԳवᢝጥ෻౨ԺΙլመवᢝጥ෻ੌ࿓౨ԺΔܛव ᢝऱ฾൓Ε᠏ངΕሎش֗অᥨհ౨ԺΔױ༼ࠎଡԳवᢝጥ෻౨Ժհ೶ᅃΖאՀܛ ലवᢝጥ෻ੌ࿓౨Ժհٺ૿ٻփොףאᎅࣔΚʳ

ΰԫα฾൓ᖵ࿓ʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ฾൓࠷ٻऱवᢝጥ෻ᖵ࿓ܛႜٻ࣍वᢝᛧ࠷ऱᖵ࿓Δࠡ׌૞ګ։੡वᢝऱี

ᗨΖڼץਔ༈ޣፖ฾൓ᄅवᢝΔא֗ൕ෼ژवᢝխ໌ທᄅवᢝΖʳ ΰԲα᠏ངᖵ࿓ʳ

᠏ང࠷ٻऱवᢝጥ෻ᖵ࿓ܛࠌ෼ژवᢝ᧢൓ڶشऱᖵ࿓Ζิ៣ΕอᖞΕ࿨

ٽΕ࿨ዌ֏Ε࠰ᓳࢨ։಻वᢝऱ౨Ժ݁౨ࠌवᢝၞ۩᠏ངΖ ΰԿαवᢝᚨشᖵ࿓

ᚨش࠷ٻऱवᢝጥ෻ᖵ࿓ܛኔᎾሎشवᢝऱᖵ࿓Ζवᢝᚨشऱᖵ࿓ץਔᚏ ژΕᛀ౉ΕᚨشΕಥ᣸ፖ։ࠆ࿛Ζʳ

ΰ؄αঅᥨᖵ࿓ʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڜ٤࠷ٻऱवᢝጥ෻ᖵ࿓ܛشאঅᥨิ៣փवᢝא܍ᔡ࠹ॺऄࢨլᅝࠌش ፖ᧗࠷ऱᖵ࿓ΖवᢝᇷขਢᤁञᚌႨऱࠐᄭΔؘႊࠠڶ࿕֟ੴ၆ፖྤऄُயऱ௽

ᔆΔڂڼᚨᅝ࠹ࠩᔞᅝঅᥨΖʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ឈྥ Gold ࿛Գ (2001) ࢬ༼נऱवᢝጥ෻౨Ժএאิ៣ᨠរנ࿇Δլመൕ

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Ղ૪փොխՈױᛧ൓ኙ࣍ଡԳࢬᏁवᢝጥ෻౨ԺհඔقΖ௅ᖕՂ૪वᢝጥ෻ੌ࿓

౨ԺհփොΔଡԳࢬᏁࠠໂऱवᢝጥ෻౨ԺץਔΚवᢝ฾൓౨Ժΰץਔ༈ޣᄅव ᢝΕሎش෼ژवᢝΕवᢝ໌ᄅ౨ԺαΕवᢝ᠏ང౨Ժΰץਔิ៣ΕอᖞΕ࿨ٽΕ

࿨ዌ֏Ε࠰ᓳࢨ։಻वᢝऱ౨ԺαΕवᢝᚨش౨ԺΰץਔᚏژΕᛀ౉ΕᚨشΕಥ

᣸ፖ։ࠆवᢝհ౨Ժαፖवᢝঅᥨ౨ԺΖʳ

ഏփᖂृڇጵٽᖂृ෻ᓵא৵Δٍڶ༼נवᢝጥ෻౨ԺհփොृΔڕᄘ׈॑

ΰ2001αലवᢝጥ෻౨Ժ։੡वᢝ࠷൓౨ԺΕवᢝ壄᝷౨ԺΕवᢝᚏژ౨ԺΕव ᢝ։ࠆ౨Ժ؄Օዌ૿ΖڼፖᏥ߶ᑔΰ2001αࢬࡳᆠऱवᢝጥ෻౨ԺԼ։ઌۿΔץ ਔΚवᢝ࠷൓ፖ໌ທΕवᢝऱ壄᝷Εवᢝऱᚏژፖवᢝऱ։ࠆ؄ႈΖۖܦॹ᛾

ΰ2004αঞലଡԳवᢝጥ෻౨Ժ։੡वᢝᛧ࠷Ε։ࠆΕ໌ᄅፖᚨش؄ֱ૿Ζ ጵٽאՂࢬ૪Δवᢝጥ෻౨Ժױ᜔࿨੡वᢝ฾൓Εवᢝ᠏֏ፖवᢝᚨشԿՕ ຝ։Ζࠡխवᢝ฾൓౨Ժץਔჼ༈वᢝፖᛧ࠷वᢝհ౨ԺΙवᢝ᠏֏౨Ժץਔေ

۷वᢝᏝଖΕิ៣ፖᖞٽवᢝհ౨ԺΙवᢝᚨشঞץਔᚏژΕᚨشΕ։ࠆፖ໌ᄅ वᢝ࿛౨ԺΖʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ

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ร ร ร

รԿ Կ Կ Կᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ጻሁ ጻሁ ጻሁᛩቼ ጻሁ ᛩቼ ᛩቼՀऱ ᛩቼ Հऱ Հऱवᢝጥ෻ Հऱ वᢝጥ෻ वᢝጥ෻ वᢝጥ෻

ᙟထᇷಛઝݾፖጻᎾጻሁऱ࿇ሒΔवᢝጥ෻լ٦׽౨ᔾႚอ֮ٙፖᇷறऱᖞ

෻Δᖞٽጻሁᛩቼխऱᇷಛઝݾګ੡෼זवᢝጥ෻ࢬլױࢨ౒հ૞ٙΖጻሁᛩቼ

່Օऱ௽ۥਢࠠໂٺڤױࠎሎشऱᇷಛઝݾፖՠࠠΔૉ૞൶ಘጻሁᛩቼՀऱवᢝ ጥ෻ΔؘႊᛵᇞᘜԵᇷಛઝݾኙवᢝጥ෻ڶ۶ૹ૞ࢤΔא֗ٺጟᇷಛઝݾኙ࣍व ᢝጥ෻ऱפ౨Δֱ౨ڶயሎشٺڤᇷಛઝݾၞ۩वᢝጥ෻Ζءᆏܛ։૪࿨ٽᇷಛ ઝݾኙवᢝጥ෻ऱૹ૞ࢤΔא֗լٵᇷಛઝݾኙवᢝጥ෻ऱפ౨Δא෻ᇞᇷಛઝ ݾፖጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨ԺհᣂএΖ

໸ΕΕΕΕ࿨ٽᇷಛઝݾፖ࿨ٽᇷಛઝݾፖ࿨ٽᇷಛઝݾፖ࿨ٽᇷಛઝݾፖवᢝጥ෻հૹ૞ࢤवᢝጥ෻հૹ૞ࢤवᢝጥ෻հૹ૞ࢤवᢝጥ෻հૹ૞ࢤ

ૉ૞෻ᇞᇷಛઝݾኙवᢝጥ෻ऱૹ૞ࢤΔᚨ٣ᛵᇞᖂृኙ࣍ᇷಛઝݾፖवᢝ ጥ෻ࠟृհᣂএऱ઎ऄΖڂڼאՀ٣൶ಘᇷಛઝݾፖवᢝጥ෻ऱᣂএΔ٦ಘᓵ࿨

ٽᇷಛઝݾፖवᢝጥ෻հૹ૞ࢤΖ ԫΕᇷಛઝݾፖवᢝጥ෻ऱᣂএ

Holsapple (2005) ᎁ੡ᖂृኙ࣍ᇷಛઝݾፖवᢝጥ෻հၴऱᣂএڶࠟጟᨠ រΚඈೈऱᨠរ (exclusive perspective) ፖီ੡ԫ᧯ऱᨠរ (identification

perspectiveʼΖছृᎁ੡ᇷಛઝݾፖवᢝጥ෻հၴڶ堚ᄑऱ੺ᒵΔवᢝጥ෻ਢԫጟ Գᣊ੒೯ፖषᄎ෼ွΔۖᇷಛઝݾႛፖᇷಛࡉᇷறڶᣂΔፖवᢝጥ෻ශྤᣂᜤΖ

৵ृঞᎁ੡वᢝࡉᇷಛࢨڍࢨ֟ࠠڶઌٵऱრᆠΔवᢝጥ෻࿛ٵ࣍ᇷಛጥ෻Δۖ

ᇷಛઝݾঁਢԫጟवᢝጥ෻ऱઝݾΖڶܑ࣍Ղ૪ࠟጟᨠរΔHolsapple (2005) ׼

༼נොਔऱᨠរ (inclusive perspectiveʼΔᎁ੡वᢝጥ෻ፖᇷಛઝݾࠟृऱ੺ᒵਢ ױאઌյઠຘऱΔ׊ᇷಛઝݾऱᏝଖࠐ۞࣍ࠡኙवᢝጥ෻ऱಥ᣸Ζഗ࣍ڼጟᨠ រΔה༼נࠟጟᇷಛઝݾፖवᢝጥ෻ऱᣂএΖรԫΔאሽᆰ੡ഗ៕ऱᇷಛઝݾ (CBT) ኙ࣍෼זवᢝጥ෻ऱ෻ᇞፖᚨشԼ։ૹ૞ΖࠡڻΔवᢝጥ෻ݮګઔߒᇷ

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ಛઝݾፖᇷಛߓอऱ෻ᓵፖཕᢝഗ៕ΖطڼױवΔᇷಛઝݾፖवᢝጥ෻ࠀॺյլ ઌեΔۖਢࠠڶઌᅝയ֊ऱᣂএΔլመࠟृࠀլ౨෗੡ԫᓫΖ

ڇಘᓵጻሁᛩቼխऱवᢝጥ෻ழΔઔߒृᎁ੡ආ࠷รԿጟᨠរΔܛොਔऱᨠ រለ੡৾ᅝΖڂ੡รԫጟᨠរመ࣍௿ስΔా֏Աᇷಛઝݾհפ౨ፖኙवᢝጥ෻ױ ౨հಥ᣸ΙۖรԲጟᨠរԾመ࣍ᄗਔΔ࢙ฃԱवᢝڶܑ࣍ᇷಛऱᗑ௽ࢤΖڂڼΔ

ොਔऱᨠរለᔞش࣍ಘᓵጻሁᛩቼխऱवᢝጥ෻Ζڼጟᨠរൎᓳᇷಛઝݾኙवᢝ ጥ෻ऱಥ᣸Ιא֗वᢝጥ෻ኙ࣍ᇷಛઝݾၞ୶ऱܗ墿Δലࠟृऱᣂএီ੡ઌ᎖ઌ ګΔۖॺઌյඈ؞ࢨױ෗੡ԫᓫΖഗ࣍Ղ૪ऱᨠរΔݺଚؘႊᛵᇞ࿨ٽᇷಛઝݾ ኙवᢝጥ෻հૹ૞ࢤΔא༼ࠎጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻հඔقΖ

ԲΕ࿨ٽᇷಛઝݾፖवᢝጥ෻ऱૹ૞ࢤ

ڇጻሁᛩቼՀΔᇷಛઝݾऱሎشࠌ൓वᢝጥ෻ޓףঁܓፖڶய෷Ζڇवᢝጥ

෻ऱመ࿓խΔᇷಛઝݾೈԱױאআၞԳᎾٽ܂Δ༼ࠎႉዃऱጥሐא࠷൓ᐖऑऱᇷ ಛ؆Δᝫ౨࠰ܗଡԳᛧ࠷Εิ៣Εᛀ౉Ε։಻Εፂ਍ࡉ։ࠆवᢝ (Duffy, 2000)Ζ ངߢհΔᇷಛઝݾ៶طᏺൎΕᇖךΕᐙ᥼ፖޏ࿳Գᣊ༳༽փڇवᢝऱ౨ԺΔޏ᧢

ԱଡԳፖิ៣ݙګवᢝՠ܂ऱֱڤ (Holsapple,2005ʼΖڇवᢝ໌ທመ࿓խΔᇷಛ ઝݾՈ༼ࠎԱԫଡৰֱঁऱ໾տՠࠠΰᄘਙᖂΔ2002αΖSrikantaiah (2000:270) ঞ ᎁ੡ᇷಛઝݾኙ࣍ڶயऱवᢝጥ෻ۖߢΔਢൎڶԺ׊ؘ૞ऱআၞृΙڼ؆Δᇷಛ ઝݾᝫױא༼ࠎጥ෻փឆፖ؆᧩वᢝऱڶயՠࠠΖ

Alavi ፖ Leidner ၞԫޡಾኙնጟլٵऱवᢝᨠរΔ༼נᇷಛઝݾڇլٵवᢝ ጥ෻խऱߡۥΖૉലवᢝီ੡ԫጟ֨෻णኪΔঞᇷಛઝݾڇवᢝጥ෻խࢬފዝऱ ߡۥਢ༼ࠎᔞٽิ៣ࢬᏁऱवᢝࠐᄭΙૉലवᢝီ੡ԫढٙΔ߷Ꮦᇷಛઝݾފዝ ထ፦ႃΕᚏژፖ᠏ฝवᢝऱߡۥΙૉਢवᢝ੡ԫੌ࿓Δঞᇷಛઝݾ༼ࠎٺጟवᢝ ࠐᄭऱᢸ࿨Δא፹ທޓᐈᐖऱवᢝੌΙૉലवᢝီ੡ᇷಛऱឯ࠷Δᇷಛઝݾհ׌

૞פ౨ڇ࣍ބנڶயऱჼ༈ֱڤΔאᛧ൓ڶრᆠऱᇷಛΙૉီवᢝ੡౨ԺΔᇷಛ

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ڂڼΔᇷಛઝݾڇवᢝጥ෻խފዝԼ։ૹ૞ऱߡۥΔ׊ሎشᇷಛઝݾၞ۩ᖂ

฾੒೯ऱᑇۯᖂ฾Δૉ౨࿨ٽवᢝጥ෻Δٍ౨൅ࠐ๺ڍړ๠ΖRosenberg (2001:110) ܛᎁ੡ലवᢝጥ෻ፖᑇۯᖂ฾ઌ࿨ٽΔࠠڶնֱ૿ऱૹ૞ࢤΚ

ΰԫαሎشवᢝጥ෻ߓอၞ۩ᖂ฾ΔለႛٛᘸಝᒭࢨᒵՂಝᒭࠐ൓ڶய෷๺ڍΖʳ ʳ ΰԲαवᢝጥ෻ፖᑇۯᖂ฾ऱ࿨ٽΔױא༼ࠎޓڍऱᇷಛፖ।෼֭གʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ (performance support) ՠࠠΔᨃࠌشृ౨۞۩ᙇشࢬᏁऱՠࠠΖڕڼवᢝጥ ෻ߓอঁ౨የߩޓՕᒤ໮ऱࠌشृᏁޣΖ

ΰԿαױאሎشၞၸवᢝጥ෻ࢬࠠໂհٽ܂ऱ௽ۥΔࠌᖂ฾ृދԵᖂ฾ᖵ࿓խΖʳ ΰ؄αᆖطषᆢऱ৬مΔ਍ᥛᖂ฾ऱᖵ࿓൓א࢏ۼ۟ᓰ࿓࿨ޔ৵Δࢨऴ൷᠏ฝ۟ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ՠ܂໱ࢬխΖʳ

ΰնαലवᢝጥ෻ףԵᒵՂಝᒭΔ౨ജ໌ທޓڶயፖڶய෷ऱᖂ฾ᛩቼΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ طڼױवΔૉ૞ڇጻሁᛩቼխڶயၞ۩वᢝጥ෻Δؘႊٛᘸᇷಛઝݾऱ᎖

ܗΙ׊ڇጻሁᛩቼխᘜԵवᢝጥ෻Δᝫ౨ᚥܗᖂ฾ृڇጻሁᛩቼխၞ۩ڶயऱᖂ

฾Ζ᜔ۖߢհΔᇷಛઝݾፖवᢝጥ෻ऱ࿨ٽΔኙ࣍ጻሁᛩቼխᖂ฾ګயऱ༼֒ፖ वᢝऱੌຏ݁ڶࢬᚥܗΖʳ

ʳ ၁ ၁ ၁

၁ΕΕΕΕᇷಛઝݾኙवᢝጥ෻հפ౨ᇷಛઝݾኙवᢝጥ෻հפ౨ᇷಛઝݾኙवᢝጥ෻հפ౨ᇷಛઝݾኙवᢝጥ෻հפ౨ʳʳʳʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڇᛧव࿨ٽᇷಛઝݾፖवᢝጥ෻ऱૹ૞ࢤ৵Δؘႊၞԫޡᛵᇞլٵᇷಛՠࠠ

ኙ࣍वᢝጥ෻ऱפ౨Δאᛵᇞᇷಛઝݾڕ۶ᚥܗၞ۩ጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻Ζʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ Meso & Smith (2000:227) ༼נլٵᇷಛઝݾڇवᢝጥ෻Ղऱפ౨Δהᎁ੡

वᢝጥ෻ߓอ່ૹ૞ऱᇷಛՠࠠץਔᆢิຌ᧯ (group-wareʼΕႚಛຌ᧯Εጻ଄ោ

ᥦᕴΕ֮ٙጥ෻ߓอΕჼ༈ፖᛀ౉ՠࠠΕᇷற൶೮ΕီಛΕංၞઝݾ (push technologyʼʳ Εᆢ᧯ެ࿜֭གߓอፖཕᐝז෻Գ (intelligent agentsʼʳ ࿛ԼႈΖࠡխ Ծאᆢิຌ᧯ፖጻ଄ោᥦᕴ່੡ૹ૞Ζຍࠄᇷಛઝݾኙ࣍वᢝጥ෻ऱפ౨ڕ।

2-3 ࢬقΖ ʳ

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। 2-3 լٵᇷಛઝݾኙवᢝጥ෻ऱפ౨ ኙवᢝጥ෻ऱפ౨ ᇷಛઝݾ

ࠌشवᢝ ሽᆰխտٽ܂ຌ᧯ (computer-mediated collaboration) Εሽ

՗܂ᄐጥ෻ߓอΕႚಛຌ᧯ΕီಛᄎᤜΕᆢ᧯ެ࿜֭ག ߓอ

༈ބवᢝ ጻ଄ោᥦᕴΕᇷற൶೮Εჼ༈ፖᛀ౉ՠࠠΕཕᐝז෻Գ

໌ທवᢝ ཕᐝז෻Գ

ץᇘवᢝ ཕᐝז෻ԳΕ֮ٙጥ෻ߓอ ᇷறࠐᄭΚMeso & Smith (2000:228ʼΖ

طڼױवΔլٵऱᇷಛՠࠠױ֭གլٵऱवᢝጥ෻࿓ݧΔץਔࠌشवᢝΕ༈

ބवᢝΕ໌ທवᢝፖץᇘवᢝ࿛Ζᇷಛՠࠠೈױআၞլٵवᢝጥ෻࿓ݧऱၞ۩

؆Δኙ࣍լٵᣊীऱवᢝٍ౨ףאጥ෻ΖZack (1998) ထૹڇ؆᧩वᢝऱጥ෻Δ הᎁ੡؆᧩वᢝኙᖞ᧯वᢝጥ෻Լ։ૹ૞Δۖᇷಛઝݾ৾ױ֭གሎش؆᧩वᢝࢬ Ꮑऱवᢝ஄ፖ࿓ݧΖהՈਐנᇷಛઝݾऱߡۥڇ࣍੡؆᧩वᢝऱੌ೯༼ࠎݙ࿳ऱ ጥሐΔۖ౨ᚥܗᛧ࠷वᢝΙࡳᆠΕᚏژΕ։ᣊΕ౉֧ፖຑ࿨ፖवᢝ໢ցઌᣂऱᑇ ۯढٙΙჼ༈ፖᙁנઌᣂփ୲Ιܧ෼ࠠڶߩജᐘࢤհփ୲Δࠌࠡࠠڶრᆠࠀױڇ լٵൣቼՀףאᚨشΖ

Srikantaiah (2000:270) ࠠ᧯٨ᜰڶܗ࣍ጥ෻փឆवᢝፖ؆᧩वᢝऱᇷಛઝ ݾΖ֭਍ጥ෻؆᧩वᢝऱᇷಛઝݾԾץܶڶܗ࣍ᒳᤊፖิ៣؆᧩वᢝऱᇷಛઝ ݾΕڶܗ࣍࠷൓؆᧩वᢝऱᇷಛઝݾΔא֗ڶܗ࣍ࠌشፖᚨشवᢝऱᇷಛઝݾԿ ᣊΖٺጟᇷಛઝݾኙवᢝጥ෻ऱפ౨։ܑڕ। 2-4 ࢬقΖ

(24)

। 2-4 լٵᇷಛઝݾኙጥ෻փឆፖ؆᧩वᢝऱפ౨ वᢝᐋ૿ʳ वᢝጥ෻פ౨ ᇷಛઝݾʳ

ᒳᤊፖิ៣؆᧩वᢝʳ ᣂᜤᇷற஄ጥ෻ߓอʳ (relational database management system, RDBMS)Ε֮ٙጥ෻ߓอʳ

࠷൓؆᧩वᢝʳ ጻᎾጻሁΕჼ༈֧ᚯΕփຝጻሁΕՠ܂ੌຏ ՠࠠ (workflow tools)

֭਍؆᧩

वᢝऱᇷ ಛઝݾʳ

ࠌشፖᚨشवᢝʳ ।෼֭གߓอΕެ࿜֭གߓอΕᇷற൶೮Ε ᇷறପᚏ (data warehousing)

֭਍փឆ वᢝऱᇷ ಛઝݾʳ

։ࠆवᢝʳ ሽ՗ၡٙΕီಛᄎᤜΕሽ՗࠰ٵՠ܂ᛩቼʳ

ᇷறࠐᄭΚSrikantaiah (2000:270ʼΖ

ʳ ʳ ʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ

ʳ ጵۖ૪հΔլٵऱᇷಛઝݾ֭གլٵ࿓ݧऱवᢝጥ෻Δ׊ٍױ᎖ܗኙ࣍լٵ

ᣊীवᢝऱጥ෻ΖڂڼΔᇷಛઝݾڇवᢝጥ෻ऱመ࿓խΔފዝထլױࢨ౒ऱૹ૞

ߡۥΖʳ ʳ

೶೶

೶೶ΕΕΕΕᇷಛઝݾፖጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨Ժᇷಛઝݾፖጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨Ժᇷಛઝݾፖጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨Ժᇷಛઝݾፖጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨Ժʳʳʳʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ጵٽאՂࢬ૪Δءઔߒࢬࡳᆠհጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨ԺΔܛवᢝ฾൓Εवᢝ᠏

֏ፖवᢝᚨش౨ԺΔױ։ܑሎشլٵᇷಛઝݾףא᎖ܗΚʳ ΰԫαवᢝ฾൓ʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڇवᢝ฾൓ֱ૿ΔױሎشऱᇷಛՠࠠץਔΚጻᎾጻሁΕփຝጻሁΕՠ܂ੌຏ ՠࠠΕሽ՗ၡٙΕጻ଄ោᥦᕴΕᇷற൶೮Εჼ༈ፖᛀ౉ՠࠠΕཕᐝז෻Գ࿛Ζ ΰԲαवᢝ᠏֏ʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڇवᢝ᠏֏ֱ૿Δᣂᜤᇷற஄ጥ෻ߓอፖ֮ٙጥ෻ߓอ݁ڶܗ࣍वᢝ᠏֏Ζʳ ΰԿαवᢝᚨشʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڇवᢝᚨشֱ૿Δױ౿ሎشऱᇷಛՠࠠץਔΚሽ՗ၡٙΕီಛᄎᤜΕሽ՗࠰

ٵՠ܂ᛩቼΕ।෼֭གߓอΕެ࿜֭གߓอΕᇷற൶೮ΕᇷறପᚏΕሽᆰխտٽ

܂ຌ᧯Εሽ՗܂ᄐጥ෻ߓอΕႚಛຌ᧯ΕီಛᄎᤜΕཕᐝז෻ԳΕ֮ٙጥ෻ߓอ

࿛Ζ

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ʳ ʳ ʳ ۖאवᢝᣊܑ೴։հଡԳवᢝጥ෻౨ԺΔץਔጥ෻؆᧩๯೯Ε؆᧩׌೯Εփ ឆ๯೯Εփឆ׌೯ऱवᢝጥ෻౨ԺΔٍױຘመᇷಛՠࠠףא᎖ܗΚʳ

ΰԫαጥ෻؆᧩๯೯˂׌೯वᢝʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᚥܗጥ෻؆᧩वᢝऱᇷಛՠࠠץਔΚᣂᜤᇷற஄ጥ෻ߓอΕ֮ٙጥ෻ߓอΕ ጻᎾጻሁΕჼ༈֧ᚯΕփຝጻሁΕՠ܂ੌຏՠࠠΕ।෼֭གߓอΕެ࿜֭གߓอΕ ᇷற൶೮Εᇷறପᚏ࿛Ζʳ

ΰԲαጥ෻փឆ๯೯˂׌೯वᢝʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڶܗ࣍ጥ෻փឆवᢝհᇷಛઝݾঞץਔሽ՗ၡٙΕီಛᄎᤜፖሽ՗࠰ٵՠ܂

ᛩቼ࿛Ζʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ طڼױवΔڇጻሁᛩቼՀΔᇷಛઝݾڇवᢝጥ෻ٺֱ૿݁ފዝԼ։ૹ૞ऱߡ ۥΔۖवᢝጥ෻ऱٺႈੌ࿓Ո౨ᆖطᇷಛՠࠠհ᎖ܗۖޓףႉዃፖڶய෷Ζڂ ڼΔଡԳڇጻሁᛩቼխΔؘႊ࿳شٺጟڶܗ࣍वᢝጥ෻ऱᇷಛઝݾΔֱױڶயጥ

෻वᢝΖʳ

(26)

ร ร ร

ร؄ ؄ ؄ ؄ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ፿֮౨Ժፖ ፿֮౨Ժፖ ፿֮౨Ժፖጻሁ֏ ፿֮౨Ժፖ ጻሁ֏ ጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻ ጻሁ֏ वᢝጥ෻ वᢝጥ෻ वᢝጥ෻

ءᆏ൶ಘ፿֮౨Ժፖጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻հᣂএΔଈ٣ᓵ૪ጻሁᛩቼՀ፿֮౨Ժ հૹ૞ࢤΔא֗ጻሁᛩቼፖ፿֮౨ԺհᣂএΙࠡڻ൶ಘ፿֮౨Ժፖवᢝጥ෻հᣂ এΖ

໸໸

໸໸ΕΕΕΕጻሁጻሁጻሁጻሁᛩቼՀऱ፿֮౨ԺᛩቼՀऱ፿֮౨ԺᛩቼՀऱ፿֮౨ԺᛩቼՀऱ፿֮౨Ժ

ڇጻሁᛩቼՀΔଡԳؘႊࠠໂഗءऱψᇷಛై塄ω(Information literacy)Δթ

൓אڶயሎشᇷಛઝݾၞ۩ᖂ฾Ζψᇷಛై塄ωਢطભഏቹ஼塢ፖᇷಛઝᖂᖂᄎ

׌ஂ Zurkowski ࣍ 1974 ڣ༼נΔ׌૞ਢਐଡԳࠠڶބנΕေ۷Εፖܓشٺጟլ ٵࠐᄭऱᇷಛ౨Ժΰ֧۞ᘸ૒ੳΔ1999αΖMcClure ঞ༼נᇷಛై塄ᚨො።؄ֱ

૿Δץਔႚอై塄 (traditional literacy)Εሽᆰై塄 (computer literacy)Εጻሁై塄 (network literacy) ࡉ໾᧯ై塄 (media literacy)ΰ֧۞ຫਟੴΔ2002αΖࠡխႚอై

塄რਐࠠໂᦰΕᐊΕᎅࡉૠጩऱ౨ԺΙሽᆰై塄ঞਐڶ౨Ժܓشሽᆰࡉຌ᧯ࠐݙ ګኔᎾऱՠ܂Ιጻሁై塄ץਔᛵᇞጻሁᇷಛऱߡۥፖᚨشΔࠀ౨ڇጻሁխࠌشᇷ ಛՠࠠᛀ౉ᇷಛΕ๠෻ᇷಛፖᇞެംᠲ࿛ΖطڼױवΔᇷಛై塄լႛץܶሽᆰ֗

ጻᎾጻሁઌᣂऱݾ౨Δޓץܶႚอऱ፿֮౨ԺΖ

լመႛࠠڶႚอ፿֮౨ԺࠀլߩജΖط࣍վֲᇷಛઝݾፖႚᐾ໾տհ࿇ሒΔ ԫጟψᄮຏᄅ఼ݧωᚨሎۖسΖຍጟᄮຏᄅ఼ݧ׌૞ࠐ۞࣍ሽᆰઝݾΔڇڼᛩቼ ՀΔႚอᦰᐊ౨ԺլመႛਢࢬᏁై塄ऱԫຝٝΖط࣍ڍ໾᧯ऱ၌ຑ࿨ߓอᖞٽԱ

֮ڗΕՑ፿ፖီᦫऱᄮຏݮڤ (modalitiesʼΔ׊౨ຘመጻᎾጻሁۖ࠷൓Δվֲऱ

፿֮౨Ժז।ऱਢڇᄅᄮຏߓอխ໌ທრᆠऱֱڤΖངߢհΔࠠڶ፿֮ై塄ਐऱ ਢ౨ജᛵᇞլٵݮڤऱ໾᧯ڕ۶אԫጟᓤᠧऱֱڤઌ࿨ٽאขسრᆠΖڂڼ፿ߢ լ٦׽ਢ֮ऄΕဲైፖ፿რᖂΔۖਢץܶԫጟޓᐖऑऱฤᇆߓอΔᖩሀᦰΕᐊΕ

઎Εᎅ࿛ᒤᡱ (Snyder, 2002: 3)Ζ෼זऱڍ໾᧯ᛩቼࢬᏁऱ፿֮౨Ժڂڼਢԫጟ

(27)

ڍցऱై塄 (multiple literacies)Δץਔᔹᦰٺڤ෗ٽฤᇆᏆ഑հ౨ԺΔא֗אޅ ܒፖᇭᤩऱᨠរ๠෻ٱࠧైޗΕቹ।Ε೯྽ፖᜢଃհ౨Ժ࿛ (Kellner, 2002:163)Ζ Simpsóʳ(2005) ٍᎁ੡ڇጻሁᛩቼխΔ፿֮౨Ժլႛץਔႚอऱᦰᐊ౨ ԺΔᝫᏁࠡהפ౨ࢤऱݾ؏ࡉवᢝΔץਔઝݾवᢝፖጥ෻ኙᇩऱवᢝΔڼܛψሽ

՗፿֮ై塄ω(electronic literacy) ऱᄗ࢚Ζ

طڼױवΔڇጻሁᛩቼխΔႚอऱᦰᐊ౨Ժԯਢ፿֮ై塄հؘ૞යٙΔ܀ࠀ ॺך૞යٙΖڇڼᛩቼՀΔଡԳᝫᏁࠠໂޅܒࢤᔹᦰፖᇭᤩڍ໾᧯֮ءΔᦰΕᐊΕ

઎Εᎅٺጟݮڤհ໾տΔሎشᇷಛઝݾवᢝΔא֗ڇጻሁषᆢխጥ෻ኙᇩवᢝऱ ౨Ժ࿛Ζ

ڇጻሁᛩቼխΔᇷಛઝݾፖ፿֮౨Ժࠟृઌ᎖ઌګΔ፿֮౨Ժਢڇጻሁᛩቼ խᛧ࠷वᢝؘໂऱݾ౨հԫΔۖᇷಛઝݾٍױᚥܗ፿֮౨Ժऱ࿇୶Ζڼԯط࣍Օ ຝ։ऱᇷಛຟא֮ڗऱֱڤ୶෼ڇᘛኟՂΔڂڼᔹᦰ౨Ժਢڇጻሁᛩቼխၞ۩ᖂ

฾ऱૹ૞ݾ౨Ζڼ؆Δط࣍ᐊ܂ਢᒵՂᄮຏऱ׌૞ֱڤΔڂڼᐊ܂౨Ժΰࠌش᝶

ᒌऱݾ؏αኙ࣍ڇጻሁᛩቼխၞ۩ᑇۯᖂ฾ࢬᏁऱᄮຏΕ೚࿝ಖፖᒭ฾࿛መ࿓݁

Լ։ૹ૞Ζ֘հΔઝݾٍڶܗ࣍ᔹᦰΔ׊ሽᆰऱ֮ڗ๠෻ຌ᧯ኙ࣍ᐊ܂ڶլ֟ܗ 墿 (Clarke, 2004: 30-34)Ζ

ڇٺጟᇷಛՠࠠհխΔጻᎾጻሁ౨༼ࠎ๺ڍᚥܗ፿֮ᖂ฾ऱᖲᄎΖຘመጻሁ ऱࠌشΔᖂ฾ृױא࠷൓ٺጟڶܗᖂ฾ऱᇷᄭፖՠࠠΔڕױຘመោᥦࡉჼ༈א࠷

൓ࢬᏁᇷறΙ׊ጻሁᇷᄭࠠໂٺጟ࿓৫ऱյ೯ࢤΔױᚥܗᖂسᖂ฾ፖ༼ࠎڃ墅Ζ ጻሁՈ౨༼ࠎޓڍᄮຏऱᖲᄎΔץਔॺٵޡፖٵޡᄮຏΖॺٵޡᄮຏՠࠠڕሽ՗

ၡٙΕᄅፊᆢิፖሽᆰᄎᤜΔٵޡᄮຏՠࠠڕጻሁ᠏ᐾเ֚৛ (Internet Relay ChatʼΕጻሁሽᇩፖီಛᄎᤜ࿛ʳ ʻHill & Slater, 1998)Ζڼ؆ΔᖂسᝫױאຘመᒵՂ ဠᚵषᆢࢬ༼ࠎऱषᄎ֭਍ፖषᄎյ೯Δ฾൓࿇୶ᢝᦰ౨ԺࢬᏁհݾ؏Δၞۖআ

ၞࠡ፿֮౨Ժհ࿇୶ (Simpson, 2005)Ζʳ

ᇷಛઝݾೈኙഗء፿֮౨Ժڶࢬܗ墿հ؆Δٍڶܗ࣍೏ᐋ፿֮౨ԺΖ

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א៶ط፿ߢᨓਮ (language scaffolding) ࿜ฃऱ᎖ܗΔ֭གٺጟᗑمڤᔹᦰፖᐊ

܂ΔՈ౨੡ࠠటኔࢤऱઔߒፖ࿇।༼ࠎᖲᄎΔڂڼኙ࣍আၞψᖂ๬ᢝᦰ౨Ժω (academic literacy) ڶઌᅝऱᚥܗΖࢬᘯψᖂ๬ᢝᦰ౨Ժωਐऱਢᖂسሒګᓰᄐ ګפࢬᏁऱᔹᦰΕᐊ܂ΕᎅΕᦫፖ৸ەऱݾ؏Εႜٻፖ֨ཕ฾ክΖຍՈץਔޅܒ ࢤᔹᦰፖᇭᤩٺጟ֮ءΕᖂ๬֮᧯ᐊ܂ΔፖኙދԵᓤᠧऱᖂ๬ࢤಘᓵऱ౨ԺΖط

࣍ᇷಛઝݾࠌᖂسঁ࣍࠷൓ٺጟवᢝΕ౨Ժፖ፿ߢݮڤΔࠀ៶ڼࠌࠡ࠷൓ᖂ๬ष ᆢխऱषᄎᎁٵፖषᄎچۯΔڂۖ౨༼ࠎᛧ൓ᖂ๬ᢝᦰ౨ԺࢬᏁऱᨓਮፖ֭਍ᛩ ቼΖ

طڼױवΔ፿֮౨ԺਢڇጻሁᛩቼՀၞ۩ᖂ฾ፖᛧ࠷वᢝऱഗ៕౨ԺհԫΔ ഄڶࠠໂߩജ፿֮౨Ժृֱ౨ڇጻሁᛩቼխၞ۩ڶயᄮຏΕႉܓ෻ᇞፖሎشव ᢝΖۖᇷಛઝݾڇ፿֮౨Ժᖂ฾ՂࢬފዝऱլႛਢՠࠠࢤऱߡۥΔᝫࠠڶषᄎࢤ ऱפ౨Δ౨༼ࠎषᄎ֭਍ፖ፿ߢᨓਮ܂شΔၞԫޡআၞᖂس೏ᐋ፿֮౨Ժऱ࿇୶Ζ

၁ ၁ ၁

၁ΕΕΕΕ፿֮౨Ժፖवᢝጥ෻፿֮౨Ժፖवᢝጥ෻፿֮౨Ժፖवᢝጥ෻፿֮౨Ժፖवᢝጥ෻

፿֮౨Ժլႛਢጻሁᛩቼխؘໂऱై塄ΔՈፖवᢝጥ෻౨ԺஒஒઌᣂΖᆖᛎ ٽ܂࿇୶ิ៣ (OECD) ڇ 2001 ڣ࿇।ऱඒߛਙ࿜໴ܫխਐנΔഗءऱᦰᐊ౨Ժ ਢवᢝᆖᛎխԳଚࢬᚨࠠໂऱഗءݾ౨ΔۖԳᎾᄮຏ౨ԺՈਢൕࠃٺጟՠ܂ࢬᏁ ऱૹ૞౨ԺΖ௅ᖕԫႈભഏऱᔆࢤᓳ਷ઔߒΔֆ׹ࢵႥഗᐋԳ୉ऱයٙլႛץਔ

૎֮౨ԺΔٍץਔփຝԳᎾ౨Ժ (intra-personal skillsʼΖഏ୮ႄ׌ᓳ਷ (National Employer Survey) հ࿨ٍ࣠᧩قփຝԳᎾ౨Ժፖᄮຏݾ؏ਢඈ۩່೏ऱ୉ՠႄ

شයٙΖطڼױवΔ፿֮ፖᄮຏ౨Ժਢڇवᢝᆖᛎխ࠷൓ᚌႨऱᣂ᝶౨ԺΖڇव ᢝጥ෻ᛩቼՀΔᄮຏފዝထԼ։ૹ૞ऱߡۥΔࠡࢬᏁհ౨Ժױشψᄮຏݾ؏ωࠐ ז।Δ،ץਔՑ፿ݾ؏Εᐊ܂ݾ؏ፖܧ෼ݾ؏ΖଡԳऱՑ፿Εᐊ܂ፖܧ෼ݾ؏Δ ਢၞ۩ᐙ᥼ΕᎅࣚΕ࠰೸੒೯ፖ։ࠆवᢝऱؘ૞යٙ (Angela, 2000)ΖൕՂ૪ᄮ ຏݾ؏ऱփොࠐ઎Δٺጟᄮຏ౨Ժ݁א፿֮౨Ժ੡ഗ៕Δڂۖ፿֮౨Ժਢၞ۩व ᢝጥ෻ऱૹ૞යٙΖ

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ڼ؆ΔOECD (2001) ՈਐנΔवᢝषᄎխऱवᢝՠ܂ृΔೈႊࠠໂߜړऱ ඒߛ؆Δ೏৫ऱ፿֮ై塄ՈਢؘໂऱයٙΔ׊ࠡૹ૞ࢤױ౨ޓ੷࣍ඒߛહནΖࢬ ᘯψवᢝՠ܂ृω(knowledge worker)ΔլٵᖂृឈڶլٵհࡳᆠΔ܀ຍࠄࡳᆠ հՀຟܶڶψवᢝՠ܂ृਢ೶ፖሎشवᢝፖ໌ທवᢝ੒೯ृωऱᄗ࢚ (OECD, 2001:107)Ζڂڼवᢝՠ܂ृױᘯࠠໂवᢝጥ෻౨ԺΔ׊౨ሎشᇠ౨Ժאᚨشፖ

໌ທवᢝृΖ௅ᖕഏᎾګԳᢝᦰ౨Ժᓳ਷ (International Adult Literacy Survey, IALS) ऱ࿨࣠Δᖑڶለ೏፿֮ై塄ृለױ౨ګ੡वᢝՠ܂ृΔ׊ڼᔞش࣍լٵඒ ߛڣૻृΖᓳ਷࿨࣠ਐנΔޢնۯवᢝՠ܂ृᅝխ༉ڶԫۯլࠠ೏࿛ඒߛ֮ᖇΔ

܀ࠠໂ೏৫፿֮ై塄Ζڂڼ፿֮౨Ժኙ࣍वᢝՠ܂ृۖߢΔ੷۟ױאګ੡၌׏ඒ ߛહནۖޓࠠᐙ᥼ԺऱයٙΖ

Arthur Anderson ጥ෻᥽ംֆ׹ঞലवᢝՠ܂ृऱයٙ։੡ݾ౨ፖࢤ௑ֱࠟ

૿Δࠡխݾ౨૿ץਔ᠆༄ऱ֮ڗ।ሒ౨ԺԫႈΖຍਢڂ੡ૉ૞ലറᄐवᢝຍጟଡ Գऱवᢝ᠏֏੡ױࠎิ៣੒شऱு֨౨ԺΔؘႊא෍᧩࣐ᚩऱ֮ڗലࠡ១ᑥچ।

ሒנࠐΔאࠌהԳᛵᇞΰᏥࠇ೛Δ2000αΔڂۖ፿֮౨Ժኙ࣍वᢝՠ܂Լ։ૹ૞Ζ طڼױवΔ፿֮౨Ժլႛਢڇवᢝᆖᛎխ࠷൓ᚌႨऱᣂ᝶౨ԺΔޓਢൕࠃवᢝՠ

܂ࢬլױࢨ౒ऱૹ૞ݾ౨Ζ

፿֮౨Ժਝڕڼૹ૞Δڇवᢝጥ෻ऱመ࿓խΔૉ౒׎፿֮౨ԺΔᄎᏺףवᢝ

։ࠆհܺᣄΖवᢝऱ։ࠆᏁ૞ലփឆवᢝ؆᧩֏Δ܀ط࣍փឆवᢝএאॺՑ፿ऱ ݮڤ੡Գࢬ਍ڶΔڂڼለᣄش፿ߢףא।ሒΙ֠ࠡਢኙ࣍ᆖ᧭ࢨለ෡ᐋऱवᢝΔ

૞א፿ߢףא।ሒޓݮܺᣄ (Haldin-Herrgard, 2000)Ζᇞެڼጟ।ሒܺᣄऱֱڤ ਢࠌشᤝ໧ऱ፿ߢ (figurative languageʼΔڕឆ໧Εᣊֺ࿛Ζᤝ໧ऱ፿ߢ౨ຘመԳ Ꮎऱኙᇩۖ໌ທנᄅᄗ࢚Δࠀലփឆवᢝ᠏֏੡؆᧩वᢝΔၞۖআၞवᢝऱ໌

ທΖ፿ߢլႛআၞփឆवᢝ؆᧩֏ΔՈ౨ᚥܗ؆᧩वᢝփឆ֏Δڕലवᢝא֮ڗ ऱֱڤگᙕ֮࣍ٙΕ֫םࢨՑᙰ।ሒऱਚࠃխΔױᚥܗଡԳലࠡᆖ᧭փ֏ΔՈ౨ আࠌଡԳऱ؆᧩वᢝ᠏ฝ۟הԳߪՂ (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995: 13, 66, 69,

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ၞवᢝऱ։ࠆፖ໌ທΖʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ೈԱ፿ߢ।ሒ౨Ժհ؆Δ፿ߢ෻ᇞ౨ԺٍԼ։ૹ૞ΖૉྤऄრᄎהԳ඿։ࠆ ऱवᢝփ୲Δঞवᢝྤאੌຏፖ։ࠆΰࣥࣟ堚Δ2003αΖڂۖ፿֮౨Ժլࠋᄎທ ګवᢝጥ෻ऱᎽᡶΔߜړऱ፿֮।ሒ֗෻ᇞ౨Ժঞڶܗ࣍वᢝጥ෻հၞ۩Ζڼ

؆ΔڇඒߛᏆ഑խΔ፿֮౨Ժኙ࣍वᢝጥ෻ٍԼ։ૹ૞Ζ׆׈૎ΰ2003αಾኙ೏

៭ඒஃऱઔߒܛਐנΔ፿֮౨Ժਢ೏៭ඒஃवᢝጥ෻ࢬᏁࠠໂऱ౨ԺհԫΖ ጵٽאՂࢬ૪Δ፿֮౨Ժኙ࣍वᢝጥ෻ڶ༓រૹ૞ࢤΖଈ٣Δᦰᐊ౨Ժਢൕ ࠃٚ۶ՠ܂ऱഗءݾ౨Δवᢝጥ෻ٍլࠏ؆ΖࠡڻΔሎش፿֮ၞ۩ԳᎾᄮຏհ౨ ԺΔኙ࣍ൕࠃवᢝՠ܂ृ௽ܑૹ૞Ζڼᣊᄮຏ؏ץਔՑ፿Εᐊ܂ፖܧ෼ݾ؏Ζڼ

؆Δ᠆༄ऱ፿ߢ।ሒ౨Ժڶܗ࣍ലଡԳवᢝ᠏֏࣐࣍࣍ᛵᇞΕঁ࣍։ࠆऱवᢝΔ ڂۖڶܗ࣍वᢝऱႚᐾፖ։ࠆΖ֘հΔ፿ߢ।ሒ౨ԺլࠋΔᄎᐙ᥼փឆवᢝ؆᧩

֏ऱᖵ࿓Δॴᡶवᢝጥ෻հၞ۩Ζߜړऱ፿ߢ।ሒ౨Ժլႛڶܗ࣍փឆवᢝ؆᧩

֏ΔՈ౨ᚥܗ؆᧩वᢝփឆ֏ΔআၞवᢝऱੌຏΖೈԱ।ሒ౨Ժհ؆Δ፿ߢ෻ᇞ ౨Ժኙ࣍वᢝጥ෻ٍԼ։ૹ૞Δૉ౒׎፿ߢ෻ᇞ౨ԺΔঞवᢝ։ࠆऱᖵ࿓ᄎ࠹ࠩ

ॴᡶΖೈڼհ؆Δڇඒߛ໱഑խΔ፿֮౨Ժኙ࣍वᢝጥ෻ٍԼ։ૹ૞Ζ᜔ۖߢհΔ ፖवᢝጥ෻ઌᣂऱ፿֮౨ԺץਔՑ፿౨ԺΕᔹᦰ౨ԺΕᐊ܂౨ԺΕܧ෼౨ԺΕ।

ሒ౨ԺΕ෻ᇞ౨Ժ࿛ΖଡԳؘႊࠠໂՂ૪հ፿֮౨ԺΔֱ౨ࠌवᢝጥ෻ႉܓၞ۩Ζʳ

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ร ร ร

รն ն ն նᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ᆏ ࢤܑፖ ࢤܑፖ ࢤܑፖጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨Ժ ࢤܑፖ ጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨Ժ ጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨Ժ ጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨Ժ

ءᆏڱڇᛵᇞࢤܑፖጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨ԺऱᣂএΖଈ٣൶ߒᖂઝ।෼ऱࢤܑ

஁ฆΔࠡڻᎅࣔፖᇷಛઝݾઌᣂऱࢤܑ஁ฆΔאൕխᖤᇞࢤܑኙ࣍ጻሁ֏वᢝጥ

෻౨Ժױ౨հᐙ᥼Ζ

໸໸

໸໸ΕΕΕΕᖂઝ।෼ऱࢤܑ஁ฆᖂઝ।෼ऱࢤܑ஁ฆᖂઝ।෼ऱࢤܑ஁ฆᖂઝ।෼ऱࢤܑ஁ฆ

ഏփ๺ڍઔߒ݁ਐנߊՖᖂسऱᖂ฾ګ༉ڶࢬ஁ฆΰ۶ભጄΔ2001Ιޕ৖ۼΔ 2003ΙࣥᆠߊΔ1973ΙࣥᆠߊΔ1988Ι്ਞᘋΔ1996Ι്ፇ଩Δ2003Ι്ᙘᦊΔ 2003ΙຫۂֽΔ2002ΙຫᖠࠋΔ2003Ιຬ੢ޜΔ2003ΙᆺࡉየΔ2003ΙᑛոዊΔ 2003Ιᠿ֨ࢣΔ2001αΖޓၞԫޡۖߢΔߊՖᖂسऱᖂ฾ګ༉஁ฆΔൄ।෼ڇլ ٵᖂઝᏆ഑ՂΖԫ౳ۖߢΔߊسڇ۞ྥઝΕᑇᖂઝᖂᄐګ༉Ղᚌ࣍Ֆسΰຬ੢ޜΔ 2003ΙᄘࡗᙤΔ2003αΔՖسঞڇഏ֮ઝΕ૎֮ઝΰޕભִΔ2003αΔא֗षᄎઝ

ֱ૿ᚌ࣍ߊسΰ്ፇ଩Δ2003Δຬ੢ޜΔ2003αΖ

ڇഏ؆ऱઔߒֱ૿Δભഏഏ୮ඒߛၞޡေᦸ (National Assessment of

Educational Progress, NAEP) ኙԮڣ్ΕԶڣ్ፖԼԲڣ్ऱઔߒਐנΔՖسڇ 2003 ڣऱᔹᦰګᜎΔא֗ 2002 ڣऱᐊ܂ګᜎ݁ᚌ࣍ٵڣ్ऱߊس (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2003, 2005ʼΖUyenoΕ Zhang ፖ Chin-Chance (2006) ኙ࣍Կڣ్Εնڣ్ΕԶڣ్ፖԼڣ్ᖂسऱઔߒٍ֭਍Ֆسᔹᦰྒྷ᧭ऱګᜎᚌ

࣍ߊسऱઔߒ࿨ᓵΖڇᑇᖂֱ૿ΔErcikanΕMcCreith ፖ Lapointe (2005) ऱሀഏ ઔߒਐנΔྤᓵਢڇભഏΕףஞՕፖப৖Δߊسऱᑇᖂګ༉݁ᚌ࣍ՖسΖڇઝᖂ ګ༉ֱ૿Δઔߒٍਐנߊسऱઝᖂګᜎᚌ࣍Ֆسʳ ʻGrigg, Lauko & Brockway, 2006ʼΔഄ஁၏ࠀլՕΖࠩԱՕᖂၸ੄ΔՖسڇ፿֮ऱᖂ๬ࢤٻྒྷ᧭ (Scholastic Aptitude Test, SAT) Ղ।෼ለߊسࠋΔۖߊسऱᑇᖂᖂ๬ࢤٻྒྷ᧭ګᜎঞᚌ࣍Ֆ س (Ruban & McCoach, 2005)Ζ១ߢհΔߊسڇᑇ෻ֱ૿ᚌ࣍ՖسΔՖسঞڇ֮

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׾ֱ૿ᚌ࣍ߊسΖ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ೈԱڇլٵઝؾऱ।෼ڶࢬ஁ฆ؆ΔߊՖسڇᙇଥᓰ࿓ፖᙇᖗீߓՂΔٍڶ

෻ઝፖ֮ઝ։֏ऱ෼ွΖڇ೏խၸ੄Δኙ࣍ՕᖂەᇢऱઝߓΔՖسႜٻ࣍ᙇᖗ֮

ิΔߊسঞႜٻ࣍ᙇᖗ෻ิΙڇՕᖂၸ੄ΔՖسڇ֮ิऱઝߓխ۾ڍᑇΔߊسঞ ڇ෻ิऱઝߓխ۾ڍᑇΰᄘᚊمΔ1993aΔ1993bαΖഏ؆ٍڶڼጟઝؾࢨઝߓऱ ࢤܑሶᠦൣݮΔڕڇભഏऱխᖂᇙΔՖس݁ለߊس֟ଥ฾ઝᖂΕᑇᖂΕሽᆰፖՠ ᄐඒߛ࿛ᓰ࿓ʳ (National Science Foundation, 2003ʼΔۖለൄଥ฾፿֮Εᖵ׾Ε୮ ਙፖ೸ᖂඒߛ࿛ᓰ࿓ (Gaskell, 1992:37)ΖઌኙۖߢΔڇխᖂᑇᖂᓰ࿓Δ֠ࠡਢၞ

ၸᓰ࿓Δߊسऱֺ෷ঞ೏ሒ 60% (Chipman, 2005:4ʼΔ׊ྤᓵਢڇભഏΕףஞՕࢨ ப৖Δߊسଥ฾ၞၸᑇᖂᓰ࿓ऱֺࠏ݁೏࣍Ֆسʳ ʻErcikáʿʳMcCreith & Lapointe, 2005)ΖࠩԱՕᖂၸ੄Δઝݾઌᣂᓰ࿓݁֟ߠՖᖂسଥ฾Δ܀Ֆᖂسڇष೴ࣚ೭Ε ఽ஼ࠃ೭ፖᄎૠ࿛ᓰ࿓ᅝխথ۾Ա࿪Օڍᑇʳ (Gaskell, 1992:37)ΖངߢհΔڇՕᖂ ၸ੄ΔՖسႜٻ࣍ᙇᖗԳ֮ፖषᄎઝᖂऱઝߓΔۖߊسঞለႜٻ࣍ᑇᖂΕઝݾΕ ઝᖂ࿛ઌᣂઝߓʳ (AAUW, 1999)ΖطڼױߠΔᓰ࿓ࢨீߓऱࢤܑ։֏෼ွഏփ؆

ઃྥΖʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ Ղ૪ߊՖڇᖂઝ।෼ፖ೶ፖՂऱ஁ฆլႛ਍ᥛژڇΔՈᤉᥛ࿇س᧢ᔢ ʻScott, 2004)Ζ२ڣࠐΔᙟထՕᖂԵᖂەᇢᙕ࠷෷ऱᏺףΔഏփઝߓࢤܑሶᠦऱ෼ွၲ

ࡨנ෼ࠄ๺ޏ᧢Ζຫ৬ݳΰ˅˃˃˃αऱઔߒਐנΔ؀᨜چ೴ՕᖂאՂઝߓࢤܑሶᠦ ऱ࿓৫Δڇ२༓Լڣࠐբڶດዬᜍ՛ऱ᝟ႨΖທګڼጟ෼ွऱ଺ڂΔڇ࣍Ֆࢤ༉

ᦰԳ֮ઝߓऱֺ෷Օ༏Հ૾ΔۖॺՖࢤ༉ᦰ෻ՠઝऱֺ෷ᏺףΖڂڼΔឈྥઝߓ ࢤܑሶᠦऱ࿓৫ڶດዬऱ᝟ႨΔ܀Ֆࢤᙇᖗઝߓऱႜٻࠀྤ֜Օޏ᧢Ζʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ طڼױवΔߊՖسڇ֮ઝፖ෻ઝऱᖂᄐ।෼Εઝؾᙇଥፖઝߓᙇᖗ݁ܧ෼։

֏ऱ෼ွΖ׊ڼጟ෼ွ۞ൕխᖂၸ੄ঁբᆖၲࡨΔԫऴ਍ᥛࠩՕᖂא৵ऱၸ੄Ζʳ

၁ ၁ ၁

၁ΕΕΕΕᇷಛઝݾխऱࢤܑ஁ฆᇷಛઝݾխऱࢤܑ஁ฆᇷಛઝݾխऱࢤܑ஁ฆᇷಛઝݾխऱࢤܑ஁ฆ

ছբ༼֗ΔߊՖհၴژڇထᖂઝ।෼֗೶ፖऱ஁ฆΖڼጟኙ࣍լٵᖂઝᏆ഑

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ऱ։֏ൣݮՈᄎᐙ᥼ߊՖኙᇷಛઝݾऱኪ৫Ζڕ Shashaani (1995) ऱઔߒܛਐ נΔᖂ฾ᑇᖂऱᆖ᧭ፖኪ৫ፖᖂسऱሽᆰኪ৫ڶ᧩ထઌᣂΙط࣍ߊسࠠڶለإ૿

ऱᑇᖂᆖ᧭ፖኪ৫Δࠡሽᆰኪ৫ٍለՖسࠋΖطڼױवΔߊՖհၴլႛژڇထઝ ߓᙇᖗऱ஁ฆΔGavin ޓਐנΔ෼վנ෼ԫጟᄅऱࢤܑ஁ฆΔܛߊՖڇઝݾՂऱ

஁ฆ (Scott, 2004)Ζ

༉ᖞଡՖࢤፖઝݾյ೯ऱᖵ׾ࠐ઎ΔՖࢤઌኙ࣍ߊࢤۖߢΔڇઝݾᏆ഑ᇙԫ ऴފዝထஇႨፖᢰᒴ֏ऱߡۥΰࣲࣥૉΔ2003αΖڇᖂீඒߛᅝխΔྤᓵਢڇխ ᖂࢨխ࿛ඒߛא৵ऱၸ੄ΔՖᖂس݁ለ֟ଥ฾ሽᆰፖᇷಛՠ࿓ઌᣂऱᓰ࿓

(AAUW,2000; National Science Foundation, 2003, Smith, 2005)ΖઔߒٍਐנΔߊس ኙ࣍ሽᆰፖጻሁࣄ਍ለإ૿ऱኪ৫Δࠠڶለ೏ऱሽᆰॾ֨ࢨሽᆰ۞ݺய౨Δፖለ

܅ऱሽᆰྡྷᐞΰࣥᖠࡣΔ1997Ιኣ᎛٠Δ2002ΙᓏৎᏚΔ1996ΙᔤጽࠝΔ2002;

Kadijevich , 2000 ; Larson & Smith, 1994; Li & Kirkup, 2007; Liao, 1999; Smith, 2005; Tsai & Lin, 2004; Volman, van Eck, Heemskerk & Kuiper, 2005αΖڼ؆Δߊࢤ

ࠠڶለ೏ሽᆰጻሁᘋᔊ֗໛ړΔٍለᎁٵሽᆰጻሁऱإ૿௽ᔆΰKadijevich , 2000;

ኣ᎛٠Δ2002ΙᔤጽࠝΔ2002αΖ

լመΔឈྥխᖂၸ੄֗խᖂא৵ၸ੄Ֆس݁ለߊس֟ଥ฾ᇷಛઝݾऱᓰ࿓Δ

܀Ֆسኙ࣍ᇷಛઝݾᓰ࿓ኙࠡඒߛፖ៭ᄐسෑऱૹ૞ࢤথֺߊسڶለ೏ऱᤚ वΖრܛՖࢤለߊࢤޓףᎁױᖑڶᇷಛݾ౨ऱᏝଖΔࠀᎁ੡฾൓ᇷಛݾ౨ፖࠡඒ ߛፖ៭ᄐسෑ࿇୶യլױ։ (Smith, 2005αΖ

ޓ壄ᒔࠐᎅΔߊՖኙ࣍ሽᆰፖጻሁࣄ਍ထլٵऱ઎ऄΖߊسലጻሁီ੡न

ࠠΔۖՖسঞലጻሁီ੡ԫጟઝݾ֗ᇞެംᠲऱՠࠠΖრܛՖسኙ࣍ጻሁࣄ਍ለ ኔᎾऱ઎ऄΔۖߊسലጻሁီ੡ୡᑗऱࠐᄭ (Tsai & Lin, 2004)Ζڼ؆ΔAAUW (2000) ኙ࣍Ֆᖂسऱሽᆰኪ৫ٍ਍ڶլٵऱ઎ऄΖהଚᎁ੡Ֆسࠀॺڕषᄎࢬ ᎁ੡ऱΔࠠڶஎ᥈ሽᆰऱ֨ኪΔઌ֘چΔהଚᎁ੡Ֆسආ࠷ኙ࣍ሽᆰආ࠷ԫጟψݺ

೚൓ࠩΔ׽ਢݺլუωऱኪ৫ΖრܛՖᖂسլᎁٵሽᆰሏᚭ֮֏խऱᑊԺΕૹᓤ

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ሽᆰᓰ࿓Δ׊ࠡፖሽᆰऱյ೯ႛૻ࣍๯೯چലሽᆰီ੡ՠࠠΖԫ౳Գᙑᎄچലڼ ᇞᤩ੡Ֆسሽᆰྡྷᐞ֗౨Ժլߩऱᐛ٢ΖࠃኔՂΔຍࠄՖسإਐנઝݾፖሽᆰ֮

֏խऱ౒ະΖڂڼΔࠀॺՖسྤऄ᎔ՂઝݾऱᆬޡΔۖਢઝݾᆵ৵ڇՖسऱᆬޡ հ৵Ζ

ឈྥՖسऱሽᆰኪ৫ࢨ๺੡آࠐऱઝݾඒߛፖሽᆰ֮֏࿇୶ਐנԫයࣔ

ሁΔ܀ڇ෼վऱषᄎፖጻሁᛩቼՀΔڼጟߊࢤ׌ᖄऱઝݾ֮֏ΔսྥࠌՖࢤᆵ࣍

ᢰᒴऱچۯΖլႛڇᖂீխڕڼΔڇषᄎՂٍྥΖڇ៭໱ᅝխΔՖࢤ೶ፖᇷಛઝ ݾ๻ૠፖ࿇୶ઌᣂՠ܂ऱֺ෷սೣ܅ΰThe World Bank, 2006aαΖNancy Taggart ፖ Chloe O’Gara ऱઔߒޓᒔ֊چਐנΔڇભഏषᄎխΔߊࢤፖՖࢤڇઝݾറᄐ Գթऱֺ෷։ܑ੡ 8%ፖ 92%ΰಒル墾Δ2001αΖ׊ܛࠌൕࠃઝᖂፖઝݾઌᣂ៭

ᄐΔՖࢤڍתսႃխڇ֟ᑇለ܅ᐋऱ៭ۯ (The World Bank, 2006b)ΖطڼױवΔ ߊՖլႛڇᖂீऱᇷಛઌᣂᓰ࿓೶ፖխנ෼஁ฆΔࠡኙ࣍ሽᆰፖᇷಛઝݾऱኪ ৫Δױ౨ᐙ᥼ࠡᇷಛݾ౨ऱഛ塄Δၞۖᐙ᥼ࠡڇषᄎፖ៭໱Ղऱ࿇୶Ζʳ

܀ՖࢤڇᇷಛઝݾՂऱ࿇୶ٍࠀॺݙ٤༟ᨠΖૉאՂጻऱֺ෷ࠐ઎Δመװԫ ऴਢߊࢤ೏࣍ՖࢤΔլመ२ڣࠐՖࢤՂጻऱֺ෷բດዬᏺףΖ௅ᖕٌຏຝऱอ ૠΔ2004 ڣ؀᨜چ೴ߊࢤՂጻऱֺࠏΰ55.9%αս೏࣍Ֆࢤΰ53.4%αΔ܀ፖছԫ ڣऱᓳ਷࿨࣠ઌֺΔՖࢤՂጻֺࠏᏺףऱ༏৫ለߊࢤ੡ڍΙૉ༉ᖵڣᓳ਷࿨࣠ࠐ

઎ΔঞࠟࢤՂጻֺࠏڶດڣ൷२᝟Ⴈΰٌຏຝอૠ๠Δ2005αΖ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ طڼױवΔឈྥႚอՂՖࢤڇઝݾᏆ഑խ๠࣍ለլܓऱچۯΔլመ२ڣࠐΔ ᙟထሽᆰፖጻᎾጻሁऱཏ֗ΔՖࢤለא࢓ڶޓڍ൷ᤛᇷಛઝݾऱᖲᄎΖTsai ፖ Lin (2004ʼʳ ऱઔߒܛਐנΔፖመװઌֺΔՖࢤբࠠڶለࠋऱጻሁൣრኪ৫ፖጻሁ ࠌش᙮෷ΔڂۖߊՖڇࠌشጻሁऱൣრࡉ۩੡ᐋ૿݁ྤ᧩ထ஁ฆΖTsai ፖ Lin (2004ʼʳ ٍਐנΔط࣍Ֆسࠌشጻሁऱᆖ᧭ለא࢓ᏺףΔᣂ࣍ጻሁऱࢤܑ஁ฆױ ౨ດዬ྇֟Ζڼጟࢤܑ᝟Ⴈऱ᠏᧢ΔਢܡᄎᏺၞՖࢤሎشጻሁऱ౨ԺΔၞۖᐙ᥼

ߊՖڇጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻౨Ժऱ।෼Δঞਢءઔߒࢬ඿ၞԫޡ൶ಘऱ׌ᠲΖ

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รքᆏ รքᆏ รքᆏ

รքᆏ ઌᣂኔᐛઔߒ ઌᣂኔᐛઔߒ ઌᣂኔᐛઔߒ ઌᣂኔᐛઔߒ

ڇڃ᥽ઔߒઌᣂ෻ᓵ৵Δءᆏ൶ಘઌᣂኔᐛઔߒΔאᛵᇞؾছઔߒ࿨࣠Δࠀ

༼ࠎءઔߒհഗ៕ፖֱٻΖאՀܛ։ܑ൶ಘवᢝጥ෻Εጻሁ֏वᢝጥ෻Ε፿֮౨ Ժፖवᢝጥ෻Εጻሁᛩቼፖᖂᄐګ༉Εࢤܑፖᖂᄐګ༉Εࢤܑፖᇷಛઝݾհઌᣂ ઔߒΔ່৵೚ԫ՛࿨Ζ

໸ΕΕΕΕवᢝጥ෻ઌᣂઔߒवᢝጥ෻ઌᣂઔߒवᢝጥ෻ઌᣂઔߒवᢝጥ෻ઌᣂઔߒ

ءຝ։ᖞ෻ፖवᢝጥ෻ऴ൷ઌᣂհઔߒ࿨࣠Δ։੡ࢤܑፖवᢝጥ෻Εवᢝጥ

෻෼उፖवᢝጥ෻౨ԺࠟຝٝΖ ԫΕࢤܑፖवᢝጥ෻

መװᣂ࣍ࢤܑፖवᢝጥ෻ऱઔߒΔ࿨ᓵࠀլԫીΔڶਐנྤ᧩ထ஁ฆृΔٍ

ڶࠠڶ᧩ထ஁ฆृΖຝ։ઔߒ࿨࣠ਐנՖࢤवᢝጥ෻౨Ժ᧩ထᚌ࣍ߊࢤΔڕ്១

֚ᅗΰ2001αಾኙ೏ৠچ೴ഏ՛ඒߛԳ୉հઔߒਐנՖࢤඒஃवᢝጥ෻൓։Ղᚌ

࣍ߊࢤΖۖຫਟݪΰ2003αಾኙ೏ৠچ೴ඒߛԳ୉वᢝጥ෻ऱઔߒΔឈਐנࢤܑ

ኙᖞ᧯वᢝጥ෻Ղྤ᧩ထᐙ᥼Ζլመڇवᢝ։ࠆᐋ૿ՂΔאՖࢤᚌ࣍ߊࢤΖ ٍڶઔߒ࿨࣠ਐנߊࢤඒஃᖞ᧯वᢝጥ෻౨Ժᚌ࣍Ֆࢤඒஃΰ׆׈૎Δ 2003αΔא֗ߊࢤඒߛԳ୉ႛڇຝٝवᢝጥ෻ᐋ૿ᚌ࣍ՖࢤඒߛԳ୉Δץਔवᢝ

໌ທᐋ૿ΰ᝔ႚശΔ 2002αΕवᢝ፝ᗨፖवᢝឩཋΰ᝻ࣲߊΔ2001αΕवᢝᚨش ᐋ૿ΰف᎛ᇨΔ2003αΖ

ࠡ塒ڍᑇઔߒ݁ਐנΔߊՖඒஃڇवᢝጥ෻ऱवᤚՂࠀྤ᧩ထ஁ฆΰޕጆ ๙Δ2001Ι঒ഏဎΔ2002Ι്ිख़Δ2003Ι๺❶ੳΔ2001ΙຫዊࡲΔ2003Ι႓֚

壁Δ2004αΖڼ؆Δܦॹ᛾ΰ2003αኙ࣍ՕᖂسऱઔߒٍਐנΔߊՖՕᖂسڇٵ ޡፖॺٵޡᑇۯᖂ฾ᛩቼՀऱवᢝጥ෻౨Ժ݁ྤ᧩ထ஁ฆΖ

طڼױवΔࢤܑኙ࣍वᢝጥ෻հᐙ᥼ࠀྤࡳᓵΔ׊լٵࢤܑڇवᢝጥ෻ऱլ

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ٵᐋ૿Ղٍڶլٵ।෼ΖՂ૪ઔߒՕڍאඒߛԳ୉ࢨඒஃ੡ઔߒኙွΔאᖂس੡

ኙွृႛܦॹ᛾ΰ2003αԫᒧΔ׊ᑌءႛૻ࣍ՕᖂسΖڶᦹ࣍ڼΔءઔߒ඿אഏ խᖂس੡ᑌءΔ൶ߒࢤܑፖवᢝጥ෻౨ԺհᣂᜤΖ

ԲΕवᢝጥ෻෼उፖवᢝጥ෻౨Ժ

٣ছઔߒՕڍ्ࡳवᢝጥ෻ኙᖂீࢨඒஃհإ૿ᐙ᥼Δઔߒࢨृ࿇෼ᖂீඒ ஃհवᢝጥ෻။ࠋΔᖂீய౨။ࠋΰ᝔ႚശΔ2002Ι᝻ࣲߊΔ2000αΔࢨृ࿇෼

ඒஃհवᢝጥ෻။ࠋΔඒᖂய౨။ࠋΰ׆৬ཕΔ2003αΔٍڶਐנඒஃհवᢝጥ

෻။ࠋΔඒஃറᄐګ९ൣݮ။ࠋृΰޕጆ๙Δ2002Ι঒ഏဎΔ2002αΖլመ്ි

ख़ΰ2003αհઔߒਐנഏا՛ᖂඒஃवᢝጥ෻౨Ժኙ࣍ఄ్ᆖᛜய౨ऱቃྒྷԺೣ

܅Ζ

ڇᖂீࢨඒߛԳ୉հवᢝጥ෻෼उֱ૿Δ്ිख़ΰ2003αհઔߒ࿨່࣠ᑗᨠΔ

ࠡਐנؾছഏا՛ᖂඒஃऱवᢝጥ෻౨Ժ෼उ᥆ᚌฆ࿓৫ΔࠡڻΔ׆৬ཕΰ2003α հઔߒਐנΔഏ՛ඒஃवᢝጥ෻ࠠڶխՂֽᄷհ।෼Δ᝻ࣲߊΰ2000αհઔߒ࿨

࣠᧩قΔഏا՛ᖂඒߛԳ୉Օຟ౨ڶवᢝጥ෻ᎁवΙ႓֚壁ΰ2004αঞਐנ೏խ

៭ᖂீᚨشवᢝጥ෻ऱ෼उฤٽवᢝጥ෻ऱ࿓৫੡խၴೣ೏Δբࠠڶवᢝጥ෻ᠩ ݮΖࠡ塒ઔߒՕڍਐנؾছᖂீवᢝጥ෻෼णڶৱףൎΰޕጆ๙Δ2002Ι঒ഏဎΔ 2002Ι๺❶ੳΔ2002Ι᝔ႚശΔ2002αΖ

ڇवᢝጥ෻։ᐋ૿ऱ෼उֱ૿Δवᢝᛧ൓ΕवᢝᚏژΕवᢝฝ᠏Εवᢝ፝ᗨ ፖवᢝឩཋᐋ૿Ղڶৱףൎΰޕጆ๙Δ2002Ι᝔ႚശΔ2002αΔवᢝ໌ᄅፖवᢝ

։ࠆᐋ૿ঞ।෼ለࠋΰޕጆ๙Δ2002αΖܦॹ᛾ΰ2004αኙ࣍Օᖂسڇᑇۯᖂ฾

ᛩቼՀऱवᢝጥ෻౨Ժհઔߒঞ࿇෼ΔՕᖂسאवᢝᛧ࠷ᐋ૿।෼່ࠋΖۖ׆׈

૎ΰ2003αലඒஃवᢝጥ෻౨Ժ։੡፿֮౨ԺΕඒᖂ౨ԺΕఄ్ᆖᛜ౨Ժፖᇷಛ ݾ๬౨ԺΔࠡխ፿֮౨Ժࡸৱ༼֒Δඒᖂ౨ԺΕఄ్ᆖᛜ౨Ժፖᇷಛݾ๬౨Ժ݁

Ꮕ੡ٽࡵΖ႓֚壁ΰ2004αঞਐנ೏խ៭ᖂீڇवᢝխ֨։ᐋ૿ฤٽवᢝጥ෻ऱ

࿓৫່೏Δࠡڻ੡֮֏/࿨ዌ։ᐋ૿Δ່܅ऱਢઝݾഗء๻ਜऱ։ᐋ૿Δڻ܅੡

Գ୉/ݾ๬։ᐋ૿Ζ

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ڇ؆ڇᛩቼֱ૿Δ෼ၸ੄ഏا՛ᖂࡸ౒׎वᢝጥ෻ࢬᏁհᇷಛઝݾ๻ໂፖݾ

๬ΔࠡխאᇷಛᖞٽߓอᏁޣ່೏ΰ᝔ႚശΔ2002αΖ႓֚壁ΰ2004αհઔߒ࿨

ٍ࣠ਐנᖂீհઝݾഗء๻ਜսڶৱףൎΖ

၁ ၁ ၁

၁ΕΕΕΕጻሁጻሁጻሁጻሁ֏֏֏֏वᢝጥ෻वᢝጥ෻वᢝጥ෻वᢝጥ෻ઌᣂઔߒઌᣂઔߒઌᣂઔߒઌᣂઔߒ

ڇጻሁᛩቼՀᖂس౨Ժհ෼उֱ૿ΔBurnett ፖ Wilkinson (2005) ಾኙഏ՛ք ڣ్سऱઔߒਐנΔᖂس౨ജࠌشጻሁၞ۩ڶؾऱࢤऱ੒೯Δڇጻሁᛩቼխբࠠ

ໂઌᅝऱᇷಛᛀ౉౨ԺΔᚩ൓ሎشᛀ౉࿜ฃאၞ۩ڶயऱჼ༈ՠ܂Δࠀ౨ሎشٺ ጟֱڤބࠩࢬᏁऱᇷಛΙڼ؆Δᝫ౨ܒឰጻሁᇷಛհ঴ᔆΔࠠڶޅܒࢤᔹᦰհ౨ ԺΙᛵᇞጻሁᇷಛ਍ᥛޏ᧢ऱ௽ۥΙ׊౨ജሎشլٵ࿜ฃᇞެ༈ބፖᔹᦰጻ଄ᇷ ಛऱംᠲΔڇጻሁᛩቼՀފዝ׌೯ᔹᦰृऱߡۥΖطڼױवΔᖂسڇጻሁᛩቼխ բࠠڶवᢝऱᛀ౉ࡉေ۷౨ԺΔ׊౨௅ᖕءߪᏁ૞ΔڇጻሁՂ׌೯༈ޣംᠲᇞެ

ऱֱڤΖ

ഏփኙ࣍ഏ՛Կڣ్ᖂسऱઔߒঞ࿇෼ΔڇጻሁᛩቼխΔᖂسኙሽᆰഗءᖙ

܂ᑵ൜Δ׊౨ജܓشጻሁោᥦᕴࠐ࠷൓უ૞ऱᇷಛΔࠀ៶طߓอփ᠆༄ऱڍ໾᧯

ᇷறΔࠐᏺףኙᓰ֮փ୲ऱᑵ൜৫Δא֗༼೏ᒭ฾ᠲऱ࿠ኙ෷Δլመڇംᠲ๠෻

ֱ૿א༈ޣٵᖂࢨ۔ஃऱᚥܗ੡׌Ζڼ؆ΔᖂسՈᚩ൓ܓشᎁवΕ೯ᖲፖ৵๻ᎁ व࿛࿜ฃࠐᚥܗ༼֒ጻሁᖂ฾ऱګயΰམدᐝΔ2002αΖڼ؆Δ႓࡯ցΰ1998α ኙ࣍ഏ՛ᖂسᖂ฾٤෺ᇷಛጻऱઔߒਐנΔᖂسڇᖙ܂ោᥦᕴፖჼ༈ᇷறՂ।෼

ለړΔڇឯ࠷ᇷறፖᖞ෻ᇷறՂ।෼ለ஁Ζ

ܦॹ᛾ΰ2003αಾኙՕᖂسवᢝጥ෻౨ԺऱઔߒঞਐנΔՕᖂسڇᑇۯᖂ฾

ᛩቼՀऱवᢝጥ෻౨ԺࠠڶխՂֽᄷհ।෼Δࠡխאवᢝᛧ࠷ᐋ૿ऱ।෼່ࠋΖ

׊ࠌشሽ՗܉ܫ᥏հڣᇷΕ᙮෷ፖழᑇ݁ኙवᢝጥ෻౨Ժڶ᧩ထᐙ᥼Κڣᇷ೏Ε

᙮෷೏ፖழᑇڍृवᢝጥ෻౨ԺለࠋΖ

ೈԱᣂ࣍ᖂسڇጻሁᛩቼՀհ౨Ժऱઔߒ؆Δٍڶઔߒ༼נআၞᖂீवᢝጥ

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