明新科技大學 校內專題研究計畫成果報告
海外實習成本效益評估
Abstract
Along with the hospitality industry development, service specialist's manpower demand also increases day after day, the hospitality management education carries on the cooperative system plan and the extracurricular practice curriculum with the hotel, causes the student to penetrate the practical work to participation carries on the study. On the one hand the cooperative system provides the student to practice in the unit, enables the student studies the period to experience the society to discipline, on the one hand also helps the entrepreneur to solve the manpower flowing problem.
The conclusion practice work, the ratio of graduation student joins to hospitality related works not to be high truly, the reason will lie in the student not to show regarding these works future expansibility optimistically, the work sense of achievement will be somewhat low.
The overseas practice is the technical college student who the present Ministry of Education promotes positively by the dream plan , the technique duty school also positively coordinates to implement, hoped will take advantage of this the plan to be able to increase the students employment competitive power in the future, however the overseas practice student will have further enhancement language ability, victory working conditions strangeness, and alone lives management ability, will choose the overseas practice under this premise the student its study manner and the work values whether will be able to tally with hospitality industry operational factor, after then will be able to increase graduates invests hospitality related work wish.
This research draws up in the investigation participates in the overseas practice positively student its individual values outside, and the domestic entrepreneur regarding accepts crosses ocean practical vocational training student acceptance is whether higher.
Abstract
Along with the hospitality industry development, service specialist's manpower demand also increases day after day, the hospitality management education carries on the cooperative system plan and the extracurricular practice curriculum with the hotel, causes the student to penetrate the practical work to participation carries on the study. On the one hand the cooperative system provides the student to practice in the unit, enables the student studies the period to experience the society to discipline, on the one hand also helps the entrepreneur to solve the manpower flowing problem.
The conclusion practice work, the ratio of graduation student joins to hospitality related works not to be high truly, the reason will lie in the student not to show regarding these works future expansibility optimistically, the work sense of achievement will be somewhat low.
The overseas practice is the technical college student who the present Ministry of Education promotes positively by the dream plan , the technique duty school also positively coordinates to implement, hoped will take advantage of this the plan to be able to increase the students employment competitive power in the future, however the overseas practice student will have further enhancement language ability, victory working conditions strangeness, and alone lives management ability, will choose the overseas practice under this premise the student its study manner and the work values whether will be able to tally with hospitality industry operational factor, after then will be able to increase graduates invests hospitality related work wish.
This research draws up in the investigation participates in the overseas practice positively student its individual values outside, and the domestic entrepreneur regarding accepts crosses ocean practical vocational training student acceptance is whether higher.
務費。
註：機票補助標準得比照國家科學委員會補助出席國際學術會議機票金額，生活 費補助標準比照教育部留學獎學金之生活費補助（U.S 1.2 萬 / 年）
校名 系所 實習機構
中山醫學大學 健康餐飲管理學系 美 / 優鮮沛食品公司
南台科技大學 餐旅管理系 美 / Hilton Pleasanton Hotel 國立高雄餐旅學
院
餐飲管理系 泰國 / Dusit Resort Hua Hin
國際觀光旅館業中，因為平均工作時數比一般人長，其獨特的情緒勞務也使餐旅 從業人員需要時常面帶笑容，隱藏真正的情緒。在種種工作特性及其他因素下， 餐旅業人員時常發生工作壓力之症狀，進而可能發生職業焦崩（Burnout），更甚 至離職。（朱惠玲，民 93）職業焦崩，起先是實務界用來廣泛的形容一般從事人際 關係（people work）的人員，因為長年精力耗損，熱誠逐漸退化，進而產生對人 漠不關心以及對工作抱持負面態度的一種綜合現象。Maslach（1982）認為職業焦 崩是一連串對工作壓力的反應，並指出其經常出現在從事人際工作的人員身上， 其將職業焦崩的組成定義為三個構面： 1、情緒耗竭（emotional exhaustion）：缺乏工作熱誠，且通常伴隨著強烈的挫 折感和緊張，而持續的精力流失及一般疲勞，這一種崩潰來自於每日接觸人類 相關服務工作。 2、情感疏離(乏人性化)（depersonalization）：傾向於將人視為「物件」並表現 出情緒麻木和與人疏離的情形，並會負面的移轉對於他人的回應，尤其是對顧 客和同事。
「自我實現取向」：評定工作中能否實現個人職涯規劃達成職涯目標提昇個人及他 人生活品質。 「尊嚴取向」：評定個人能否滿足工作中之成就感並能獲得他人的認同及尊重，進 而授予管理及自主的權利。 「社會互動取向」：評定個人能否獲得良好的社會互動，包括與上司及同事分享工 作及生活上的經驗，以同理心分享皮此情緒波動，進而與工作夥伴建立良好人際 關係。 「組織安全與經濟取向」：評定個人能否獲得合理性的工作報酬及工作環境是否能 滿足工作安全感。 「安定與免於焦慮取向」：評定個人能否於工作時免除緊張、焦慮與恐懼的情況， 能在穩定而規律的工作環境中完成工作任務。 「休閒健康與壓力紓解取向」：評定個人能否在工作週期中獲得體能上的補充，擁 有適當的休閒活動機會能適度調適工作壓力。 所使用之研究工具定名為「五星級觀光飯店主管階級之工作價值觀量表」調查問 卷及「旅館系實習學生工作價值觀量表」調查問卷，問卷主要分為二部份第一部 分為「工作價值觀量表」第二部份為「受測者基本資料」。
問卷採李克特氏五點量表（Likert-type Five Point Scale）。問卷採正向計分， 量表採五點量表形成，分別為「非常同意」「同意」「沒意見」「不同意」「非常不 同意」，其給分為五分、四分、三分、二分、一分。 本研究調查問卷先行發放予旅館系建教合作的國際觀光飯店各單位主管，因透過 建教合作飯店人資部門發放，並於填寫問卷同時由研究人員隨同答覆問卷相關疑 問，總計發放 120 份回收 98 份，無不良問卷。 經第一次因素分析，歸納七大因素構面，剔除因素負荷量未達 0.5 之問卷題目， 其累積特徵值（Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings）由原先 60.284%提升為 66.599%。(參見下二表)修正後問卷發放至旅館系四技三年級與二技四年級完成實 習學生，總計回收 132 份問卷，其中包含赴新加坡海外實習 7 位同學。
Rotation Sums of Squared Loading
尊嚴取向 2.816 5.120 60.284
修正前（未刪除因素負荷量未達 0.5 之題項）
Rotation Sums of Squared Loading
較其他行業較不高，無法以較高的薪資報酬吸引基層員工，但在未來晉升主管位 階，則可取代性就明顯下降，這是實習學生必須先體認的行業特性。另在此構面 中兩者差異較大的部份在於對飯店福利及制度面的認同，海外實習學生則明顯較 高，可能與學生初次造訪新加坡這個國家，休假期間的休閒活動較為深刻，也明 顯多一份國外觀光休閒的體認。
雷達圖顯示差異
平均數檢定
構面 飯店主管 國內實習學生 海外實習學生 Mean 4.03 Mean 3.78 Mean 3.80 自我實現取向S.D. 0.762 S.D. 0.748 S.D. 0.832 Mean 3.64 Mean 3.42 Mean 3.85 休閒健康與壓力
紓解取向 S.D. 0.921 S.D. 1.021 S.D. 0.857 Mean 3.90 Mean 3.96 Mean 4.48 社會互動取向
S.D. 0.666 S.D. 0.825 S.D. 0.534 Mean 3.76 Mean 3.65 Mean 4.46 組織安全與經濟
取向 S.D. 0.837 S.D. 0.908 S.D. 0.646 Mean 2.90 Mean 2.76 Mean 4.40 安定與免於焦慮
取向 S.D. 1.153 S.D. 1.158 S.D. 0.698 Mean 3.97 Mean 3.53 Mean 4.20 自我成長取向
