悲劇或鬧劇？論Maurice Meisner眼中的中國

Ѡ᡼εᏢޗ཮ࣽᏢଣࡹݯᏢسᅺγፕЎ Department of Political ScienceCollege of Social Sciences National Taiwan University Master Thesis

ൿቃ܈Ꮅቃǻ

ፕ Maurice Meisner ౳ύޑύ୯!

Tragedy vs. Farce: Maurice Meisner's Historiographic Indecision on Maoist/Chinese Socialism and Its Aftermath

೚ॡ൛!

Wei-ting Syu

ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻҡϐྼറγ!

AdvisorΚChih-yu Shih, Ph.D.

ύ๮҇୯ΐΜΐԃΟД!

March, 2010

ठᖴ

ᄎᙇᖗ Maurice Meisner ܂੡ઔߒኙွΔጚԫऱקࠇ۩ਢৰऱՕᣂ᝶Δۖڼ ᔉள࿓հࢬא൓אګ۩Δݙ٤ਢ࠹༡࣍فհᅜ۔ஃྤߏऱ࠰ܗΖڂڼױאᎅΔຍ ءᓵ֮ൕᝫآګݮΔ່ࠩ৵ऱݙګΔف۔ஃऱ࠰ܗԫऴࠠڶઌᅝᣂ᝶ऱچۯΖۖ

୪࿳ᎌ۔ஃঞױᎅਢݺऱඔ፞۔ஃΔה൅Ꮖݺᎁᢝ್܌৸׌ᆠΔ׊ኙ࣍ݺऱჟၬ

ࡨึڶထᄕՕऱર֨Δᨃݺܛࠌሖࠩ๺ڍ෻ᇞՂऱܺᣄΔথսྥױאঅ਍ኙ್܌

৸׌ᆠऱᘋᔊΙ່৵੷۟ᝫᖜٚՑᇢࡡ୉Δ੡ᓵ֮༼ࠎ๺ڍᣪ၆ऱრߠΔኙݺऱ ઔߒۖߢΔٵᑌފዝထᜰߩ᎘ૹऱچۯΖᄵ੓ᄨ۔ஃឈైਡؓسΔ܀ࠡઔߒኙݺ ऱᓵ֮থڶထ๺ڍᚥܗΔ׊ൕᖜٚՕጼՑࡡऱ߷ԫࠥದΔהࡉ࿳ऱቔᚐፖᇡኔऱ ৬ᤜٍኙݺᓵ֮ऱᐊ܂ֱٻڶထৰՕऱᐙ᥼ΖࢬאΔৰტ᝔Կۯ۔ஃΔڕ࣠޲ڶ הଚΔݺऱઔߒՈլᄎڕڼႉܓΖ

ೈڼא؆Δᖵழԫڣऱ್܌৸׌ᆠᦰ஼ᄎΔٍڇݺᓵ֮ᐊ܂ऱመ࿓խ࿇ཀრ უլࠩऱ܂شΖ๺ڍᇷறڇᔹᦰᅝழΔآቃཚല੡ᓵ֮ࢬشΔ܀থڇᐊ܂ழ᎒ྥ

࿇෼،ଚኙݺऱᓵ֮ڶထઌᅝՕऱૹ૞ࢤΖۖຍࠄᇷறΔ࿪Օຝ։ຟਢ്Ծ֒ᙇ ᖗऱΔ׊ڇၲᦰ஼ᄎऱመ࿓խΔط࣍הශլܝႱچಥ᣸ࠡᣪ၆ऱᖂᢝΔթᨃݺ൓

א෡Եچ෻ᇞຍࠄ֮ءΔॺൄ᝔᝔הΖᅝྥΔ୮Գࡉ֖ࣛऱ֭਍Δٍਢݺᓵ֮ᐊ

܂መ࿓խլױࢨ౒ऱ֨ᨋ֭ਪΖࢬאݺ૞௽ܑტ᝔टაΕࠟଡݬݬ୶ᇨፖ୶༄Ι ழழຩ۴ထݺऱԫոΚא֗ᆖൄᣂ֨ݺऱॾኦΕ⟐ᕢΕࢣⱍΕᐚ৬ᖂ९ΕཕᦞΕ

֮ፚΕॳ௠Ε՛ػΕਹᘦΕٚ࿴Εࢣ֮ΕॹၝΕ೷ኑΕ۹مΕᖠႆΕ໢໢ࡉՕᙰΖ ᅝྥΔݺ࿪լᄎݱಖޢᅝݺ֨ᅀრ႖Δݶ๯ྡྷᐞऱൣፃ࿯෕޲ழΔگᡸ᠆༄

ऱضႼፖ࿳᧯ԳრऱᡒढΔᨃݺ֨壀ڜࡳΔၞ֮ۖ৸ੈྂऱפ໎Ζݺৰࢉሎڇຍ ᖞଡመ࿓խΔ౨ജᛧ൓ຍᏖڍԳऱᚥܗፖᣂᡖΔ޲ڶ܃ଚΔ༉լᄎڶຍءᓵ֮Ζ

܀ຍءᓵ֮ڕ࣠ڶٚ۶լࡌࠩऱچֱΔ٤ຝຟਢݺऱຂٚΖጚՓسෑܛല࿨ޔΔ ݺՈܛലᔏԵᄅऱ׊آवऱԳسၸ੄ΙڂڼΔႛലຍٝᓵ֮᣸࿯آࠐऱݺΔཚඨ آࠐݺ౨ڇຍଡഗ៕հՂΔᖑࣄޓڍऱཕᐝΔྤ᥈چٻছΖ

ᄔा!

್܌৸མᆖᎅመΔࢬڶ೛Օऱᖵ׾ࠃ᧢ࡉԳढ᜔ᄎנ෼ࠟڻΔรԫڻਢא༟

Ꮳנ෼ΔรԲڻঞਢאᕕᏣנ෼Ζۖ٥ขխഏऱᖵ׾ߒຶਢԫ໱ૹᓤᤕᜤᖵ׾ऱ ᕕᏣΛᝫਢԫ໱ᗑ௽ऱΕڇᖵ׾ፘ؀Ղรԫڻ࿆໱ऱ༟ᏣΛլٵऱ࿠ூΔז।ऱ ਢլٵऱم໱Δ௽ܑਢኙ್࣍܌৸׌ᆠ෻ᓵऱم໱Ζ

Maurice Meisner ਢભഏխഏᖂᖂ๬षᆢᇙΔઔߒխഏ२זᖵ׾ऱૹ૞ᖂृΖ האኙ್܌৸׌ᆠऱᗑ௽෻ᇞΔ೚੡ᇭᤩխഏᖵ׾ऱ෻ᓵਮዌΔࠀڂڼ೚נኙլ ٵழཚऱψխഏ֏್܌৸׌ᆠωऱլٵေᏝΖຍࠄေᏝլႛኙխഏઔߒڶထᐙ᥼

ԺΔٵழՈ֧࿇Ալ֟ञᤜΖࠏڕהലֻᖻࣟ৸უՂֻ֒ࠩ׌ᆠऱ෻ᓵۯᆜΔࠀ

׊ਐנֻ׌ᆠᇙऱاጰ׌ᆠΕഄრݳᓵፖ௻ڮ߶׌ᆠګ։Ζۖהਐנֻᖻࣟհ৵ ऱխഏբດዬ᎛ᠦषᄎ׌ᆠΔޓ࠹ࠩխഏᖂृൎ௺ऱޅေΖլመΔܛࠌהኙխഏ ᡖࣄထ؈ᆵტΔথսྥᎁ੡խഏऱ٥ข଀ࡎਢ೛ՕऱΔࠀ׊ٵრֻᖻࣟኙ್࣍܌

৸׌ᆠڶထ๺ڍऱಥ᣸ΖڂڼΔኙהۖߢΔ٥ขխഏऱᖵ׾ឈྥڂࠡᗑ௽ࢤۖॺ ਢૹᓤᤕᜤᖵ׾ऱᕕᏣΔ܀থڂດዬ᎛ᠦؾᑑۖ੡א؈ඓ࿨ݠऱ༟ᏣΖ

׽ਢΔૉၞԫޡᛀ᧭ຍᑌऱᇭᤩΔא֗ࠡהԳኙ࣍ Meisner ઔߒऱေᏝΔঞױ א࿇෼הଚञᓵऱு֨Δإਢኙ್࣍܌৸׌ᆠऱլٵ෻ᇞΖ׊ຍࠄ෻ᇞᝫٵழ֘

ਠԱழזऱᏁޣΔٍܛᙟထড়ᨠᛩቼऱዝ᧢Δ್܌৸׌ᆠऱփ୲լឰऱឩ്Δ܀

Ոڂۖᠦ್܌৸ऱ৸უ။ࠐ။᎛Ζڼ؆ΔMeisner ኙ࣍խഏऱᇭᤩٍ֘ਠࠡਙए෻

უΔ׊ຍᑌऱ෻უޓਢהޅܒխഏऱᑑᄷΔۖຍᑌऱ೚ऄਢڶৱ೸ዎऱΖլመΔ Meisnerऱቫᇢፖࠡઔߒګ࣠սྥਢ࠹ࠩᐖऑ्ࡳऱΔܛࠌהࢬආشऱઔߒਮዌբ ດዬլ੡ԳࢬشΖڂڼΔݦඨ៶طءઔߒऱૹᄅᛀ᧭Δ౨ࠌԳޓ෡Եऱ෻ᇞຍᑌ ऱਮዌΔၞۖࠌ൓آࠐࠡהऱઔߒृ౨ڶԫଡױߠऱኙᅃΔא᠆༄խഏઔߒΖ

ᣂ᝶ڗΚMaurice MeisnerΕ್܌৸׌ᆠΕભഏऱխഏઔߒ

Abstract

Marx once said, all great world-historic facts and personages appear twice: the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce. Does the history of the People’s Republic of China repeat the history of the Soviet and just be a farce? Or, is it a unique one to the history and, accordingly, a tragedy? The different answers represent different position, especially on the Marxism theory.

Maurice Meisner is an important scholar who studies modern China history in American China scholars. He applies a special interpretation of Marxism to studying China and judging Chinese Marxism during different periods. His writings have affected not only China study, but also incurred a much wider debate on the nature of Marxism. Specifically, he summarizes Mao Zedong's thought into what he calls Maoism.

Moreover, he identifies the populist, voluntarist, and utopianist ingredients in Maoism.

Chinese scholars are especially critical aobut his treatment of post-Mao ear as a move away from socialism. Although he is disappointed at the Cultural Revolution, he nonetheless believes that the Chinese Communist Revolution is of great significance and that Mao contributed dearly to the evolution of Marxism. One could gather from Meisner, on one hand, that the history of the People’s Republic of China is unique, hence not just a farce that repeated the history of the Soviet. On the other, since China has aborted its socialist goal, it is a tragedy or a failure.

However, Meisner’s engagement with other Marxist scholars reflects different understandings of Marxism, which primarily answer to the need of the time. Marxism of different period vary and the later ones expand on the earlier ones. Marxism iinevitably moves away from Marx’s original thought. After all, the interpretation offered by Meisner could only reflect his political ideas of the time by which he evaluates Chinese socialism. Despite controversy around his scholarship or today’s lack of interest in it, Meisner is widely recognized scholar. Revisit to his scholarship should be useful in refreshing on how China studies have move a long way as well as how Meisner’s legacy could be an enlightening contrast to what is thought as obvious today.

Key words: Maurice MeisnerΕMarxismΕAmerican China study

Ҟᒵ!

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ಃഌക ่ᇟ

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ୖԵၗ਑

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ߕᒵǺೖፋεᆜ

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ಃ൘ക!!!!ᆣፕ!

ಃ΋࿯ʳ ߻ق

ڇᤕᜤݿཬՀΔխഏ٥ข᤻࣍۫ցԫ԰؄԰ڣ৬ഏګפΔ٥ข׌ᆠऱխဎԳ ا٥ࡉഏ࣍෫ᓭسΖإڂ੡ຍᑌऱ৬ഏહནΔխഏ¹լႛڇ৬ഏॣࡨ࠹ࠩᤕᜤ๺

ڍᐙ᥼Δܛࠌڇᤕᜤ৅؀Δխഏ৙ጠലߨ۞աऱሁא৵Δথսױא઎ࠩᤕᜤᐙ᥼

ऱฉᇾ²ΖྥۖΔڇխഏࡴֱ׾୮ࢬ৬ዌऱᖵ׾խΔխഏথਢৰᗑمऱΔ֠ࠡڇ რᢝݮኪֱ૿ΔޓਢൕֻᖻࣟܛၲࡨԱψ್܌৸׌ᆠխഏ֏ωऱመ࿓Δۖᎁ੡ڶ

ܑ࣍ᤕᜤڤऱ್܌৸׌ᆠ³Ζ

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৫Δ৬๻षᄎ׌ᆠؑ໱ᆖᛎΕषᄎ׌ᆠا׌ਙएΕषᄎ׌ᆠ٣ၞ֮֏Εषᄎ׌ᆠ ࡉᘫषᄎΔ৬๻༄ൎا׌֮ࣔࡉᘫऱषᄎ׌ᆠ෼ז֏ഏ୮⁴Ζω

܀ਢΔຍࠄ್܌৸׌ᆠխഏ֏ऱփ୲Δᝫ౨ጠ܂ਢ್܌৸׌ᆠ⁵ႯΛڇψխ

1 ءઔߒࢬጠऱխഏઃආ௿ᆠᇞᤩΔਐऱਢ 1949 ڣ৬مऱխဎԳا٥ࡉഏΖ

2 ᣂ࣍ᤕ঎ፖխ٥ऱᣂຑࢤΔױߠطᤕ঎ᖵ׾ᖂ୮William G. Rosenbergፖխ٥ᖵ׾ᖂ୮Marilyn B.

YoungٽထऱπTransforming Russia and ChinaρΖࠟԳאᖵ׾ઔߒऱֱऄΔ෡Եऱଳ࣫໰ጠԲԼ׈

ધ່ૹ૞ऱࠟ໱଀ࡎΔࠀ׊ኘᤚࠩຍࠟଡ଀ࡎऱ࿇سլႛਢ௅ཬ࣍መװࢬีᗨՀࠐऱᖵ׾යٙΔ ޓڂ੡ᅝছ(ᐊ܂ᅝழ੡ 1980 ڣז)ࢬ૿ᜯऱൣႨΔࠌ൓଀ࡎսྥ਍ᥛထΖڂڼΔࠟԳီᤕ঎ፖ խഏ੡଀ࡎऱषᄎΔ׊࢖ڼյઌᐙ᥼Ζ

3 ᣂ࣍խ٥ࡴֱऱᎅऄΔױא೶ߠطխ٥խ؇֮᣸ઔߒ৛ࢬᒳထऱπᣂ࣍৬ഏאࠐ᤻ऱૉեᖵ׾

ംᠲެᤜρΖڇຍء९ሒ 640 ଄ऱૹ૞ࡴֱ֮᣸խΔႛאլࠩ 2 ଄ऱᒧ༏༼֗ᤕ঎ፖխ٥հၴऱ ᣂএΔࠡ塒ऱᒧີঞլឰऱൎᓳխ٥ڇᖵ׾ՂऱٺႈפᜎΔۖឆપኦ᧩נխഏ଀ࡎऱᗑمࢤΖ

4 2009ڣ 2 ִ 1 ֲ೶ᔹ۞ψᄅဎጻ௽ܑറᠲΚխഏ٥ข᤻รԼԮڻ٤ഏז।Օᄎ

ΰhttp://news.xinhuanet.com/video/2007-10/20/content_6912477.htm αωխΔط઺ᙘᛑࢬ࿇।ऱᓫᇩΖ

5 ءઔߒ࣍ࠌشψ್܌৸׌ᆠωԫဲழΔᙟထլٵऱ֮ڗ౧࿮ۖڶլٵऱრᆠΖ܀ڇࠌشψषᄎ

ഏ௽ۥऱषᄎ׌ᆠω዁ᐐհՀΔխഏڇޏ଀ၲ࣋խՕၦ֧Եᇷء׌ᆠऱؑ໱ᖲ

ࠫΔࠀ৙ጠຍᑌऱᖲࠫᆖመፖषᄎ׌ᆠᘜٽא৵Δբګ੡ԫଡฤٽխഏഏൣࠀ׊

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լ௫֗ऄഏΔאી޲ڶᖲᄎऴ൷ሎش್܌ཎءԳऱᖵ׾ᇭᤩΔۖਢᙇᖗᇢቹڇխ ഏऱᖵ׾ᛩቼխΔၲ୶ᣊۿ್܌৸ڇऄഏऱᖵ׾ᇭᤩٚ೭ऱᅝזထټᖂृ

Maurice Meisner܂੡ઔߒऱ׌૞ኙቝΖ܀៶طᔹᦰ Meisner ऱᇭᤩΔޓڶܗ࣍ᛀ

ီࠟۍڣ৵ऱ್܌৸׌ᆠኙ࣍ᅝזᖵ׾ઔߒፖਙएᆖᛎ։࣫ڶ۶ጟᐙ᥼Ε൅ࠐ۶ ጟய࣠Δ੷۟ਢڶ۶ጟ౒ະΖٵழΔٍཚৱᆖመຍᑌऱ٦ᔹᦰΔڇآࠐ൓אޓ٤

૿ऱނ༽ၲ୶್܌৸෻ᓵऱױ౨ֱٻΔࠀאڼ༼ࠎᤉᥛא್܌৸׌ᆠᨠኘ׈੺ऱ ԫଡڶயီߡΖ

ಃΒ࿯ʳ Maurice Meisner ᙁϟ

Maurice Meisnerנس࣍ԫ԰Կԫڣऱભഏയ۫௅ڠऱࢍ௽৳Δዧټ੡ψ್৸ ᑗωΖڇઔߒسᑻᖂ८ऱ֭਍ՀΔ࣍ԫ԰ն؄۟ԫ԰ն԰ڣၴ༉ᦰ࣍ભഏ॒ףୂ

׌ᆠωԫဲழΔঞਢڇլޓ೯խഏࡴֱࢨਢࢬ֧شऱઔߒृऱ֮ڗհছ༼ۖආشΔءઔߒࠀآޏ

᧢ࢨᏺףࠡהऱრොΖ۟࣍۶ᘯ್܌৸׌ᆠΔא֗ءઔߒለൄආشऱ್܌৸׌ᆠࢬז।ऱრᆠΔ ڇรնີᄎڶጵٽࢤऱಘᓵΖ

6 ઔߒृ࣍ߨ๶խഏΔࡉקࠇऱᖂسٌੌழΔ൓ፊຍᑌԫଡڶᔊऱᎅऄΚխഏ෼ڇࢬਜ۩ऱࠫ৫Δ լ׽ਢױאጠ܂ψխഏ௽ۥऱषᄎ׌ᆠωΔ૞ᎅਢψխഏ௽ۥऱᇷء׌ᆠωՈ۩Ζ܀ᅝઔߒृല ຍᑌऱᎅऄ༼ം࣍ࡴֱז।ழΔথᔡࠩᣤإऱᏍ؞Δࠀ׊ਐנຍᑌऱᎅऄਢ࢙ီԱխഏኙ್܌৸

׌ᆠΕषᄎ׌ᆠऱ໌ᄅࢬ೚ऱܘԺΖ

ՕᖂΔࠀ࣍ԫ԰ննڣᛧ൓ጚՓᖂۯΖԫ԰ն԰۟ԫ԰քϤڣၴԾᛧ൓ભഏՕᖂ

ீᎾઔߒسᑻᖂ८Δԫ԰քϤ۟ԫ԰քԲڣၴঞᛧ࠷壂௽ഗ८ᄎ؆ഏچ഑ಝᒭઔ ߒسᑻᖂ८Δࠀ࣍ԫ԰քԲڣ࠷൓໑ՓᖂۯΔஃࢭઔߒ঎ഏ२ז׾ऱLeopold H.

HaimsonΖԫ԰քԲ۟ԫ԰քԿڣၴהٚ៭࣍শ۵Օᖂᅝזխഏઔߒխ֨Δԫ԰

քԿ۟ԫ԰քքڣၴᖜٚፂٳ؍ࠅՕᖂܗ෻ඒ඄Δԫ԰քք۟ԫ԰քԶڣၴ֒࿛

ࠀٚ೫ඒ඄ԫ៭Δԫ԰քԶڣޓଫٚਹ܌ဒףܓ壂؍ࠅՕᖂխഏઔߒխ֨೫ઔߒ

୉Δԫ԰ԮϤڣದה᠏ٚ৖ཎൈ߬Օᖂຽ૭᎝ீ೴ᖵ׾ߓඒ඄Ζԫ԰ԶϤڣהམ ᆖᇿᙟקભխഏ଀ࡎ׾ەኘቸ๶ംխഏΔԫ԰ԶϤ۟ԫ԰Զԫڣၴٚٔᐚᢅ৖ዿ

᎝ഏᎾᖂृխ֨ઔߒ୉Δհ৵ٍᖜٚ଩ཉᆖᛎᖂೃড়ஆඒ඄ΖMeisner੡ᖵ׾࠰

ᄎᄎ୉ፖࠅ੊ઔߒ࠰ᄎᄎ୉Δམᆖᛧ൓শ۵Օᖂᅝזխഏઔߒᑻ८ፖषᄎઝᖂઔ ߒ෻ࠃᄎઔߒᑻ८Δؾছঞբಯٖ⁷Ζ

Meisnerऱထ܂ᒤ໮ץܶԱᖞଡ෼זխഏऱᖵ׾Ζԫ԰ք؄ڣ࿇।ऱรԫء ထ܂πޕՕಿፖխഏ್܌৸׌ᆠऱᄭದρΰLi Ta-Chao and the Origins of Chinese MarxismαΔ៶طޕՕಿᎅࣔԫ԰ԲϤፖԫ԰ԿϤڣזխഏवᢝٝ՗ڕ۶࠹ࠩ؆

ࠐ෻ᓵऱᐙ᥼Δࠀ׊໺ࡳઔߒֻᖻࣟ৸უऱഗ៕Ζԫ԰ԮϤڣזঞڇ֮֏Օ଀ࡎ ऱ߆ᑷ௛ࣷխΔထૹ࣍ઔߒ଀ࡎृڕ۶ຑ࿨መװፖ෼ڇΔࠀ࣍ԫ԰ԶԲڣലࠡઔ ߒګ࣠נठΔܛπ್܌৸׌ᆠΕֻᖻࣟ׌ᆠፖ௻ڮ߶׌ᆠρΰMarxism, Maoism and Utopianismαኙֻ࣍ᖻࣟऱ৸უڶထᇡጐऱ։࣫Ζۖԫ԰Զքڣנठऱπֻᖻࣟ

ऱխഏ֗ࠡ৵ΚխဎԳا٥ࡉഏ׾ρΰMao's China and after : a history of the People's Republicαঞ੡ഏᎾՂઔߒխഏ෼ז׾ऱૹ૞ထ܂Δլႛ๺ڍઌᣂઔߒ ڍ֧ု࣍ڼΔ؀᨜ٺՕᖂၲ๻ऱխ٥᤻׾ࢨխഏ२ז׾ऱᓰ࿓ٍڍᙇشڼထ܂Δ

੷۟ڇભഏऱխഏ෼ז׾ፖխ٥᤻׾࿛ઌᣂᓰ࿓խΔء஼ٍਢඒᖂՂլױࢨ౒ऱ ૹ૞ඒޗ⁸Ζԫ԰԰քڣנठπᔥ՛ؓழזΚኙխഏषᄎ׌ᆠࡎሎऱ൶༛

7 2009ڣ 2 ִ 18 ֲ೶ە۞ྋতઝݾՕᖂᖂ໴ΰषᄎઝᖂठαΔ2008 ڣร 1 ཚΔ܂ृլᇡΖ http://ilib.cn/A-QCode~xtgxyxb-shkx200801028.html

8 ࣍๶ᓫ Edward Friedmanᣂ࣍Maurice Meisnerऱᖂ๬ګ༉ழΔFriedmanฐᨬMeisnerאᚌભ࣐ᦰ ऱ࿝ᓳᐊԱຍءৰړऱ஼Δڂڼᛧ൓๺ڍઌᣂᓰ࿓ඒஃऱॹᅭΔᙇ੡ᓰ࿓ऱਐࡳᔹᦰΔኙ࣍ભഏ

ΰ1978-1994αρΰThe Deng Xiaoping era : an inquiry into the fate of Chinese socialism, 1978-1994 αঞ։࣫Ա৵ֻᖻࣟழזऱխഏΔࠀٵᑌ֧ದઌᅝڍऱಘ ᓵΖ࣍ԲϤϤԮڣנठऱπֻᖻࣟհਙएፖवᢝऱቹቝρρΰMao Zedong: A Political and Intellectual Portraitαऱ່ᄅ܂঴Δឈᝫآ࠹ࠩᐖऑऱᣂࣹፖಘᓵΔ܀ء஼ೈ

Աᖞ෻Meisner۞ߪኙֻᖻࣟऱઔߒΔٍᖞ෻ԱࠡהԳऱֻᖻࣟઔߒհઌᣂ஼ؾ ፖ೶ەᇷறΔ੡৵Գڇၞ۩ֻᖻࣟઔߒழΔ໺ࡳԱԫଡৰړऱ೶ەഗ៕ፖਮዌΖ ΰᘕ࢏խΔ2000Κ483-484α

Meisner ऱઔߒီߡፖઔߒګ࣠࠹ࠩٵᑌࠠڶψؐᜠωႜٻऱᖂृ Bruce Cummingsጠᨬ੡խഏઔߒ੺խ່੡נۥऱભഏᖂृΖڂ੡ઌኙ࣍ࠡה୲࣐࠹ࠩ

խഏൣႨᐙ᥼ۖޏ᧢ࠡඖ૪ֱڤऱᖂृΔהᎁ੡ Meisner ࠠڶ೏৫ऱᖵ׾ඕᔲ ࢤΔ౨ڇᜤᢀመװࡉ෼ڇழΔԫऴঅڶຑᥛࢤፖඔ࿇ࢤऱڇֺለઌᣂऱᖵ׾ᇷ றΔၞۖขسנ᡹ࡳ׊חԳየრΔ੷່۟৵ല۾ᖕ׌ᖄۯᆜऱᇞᤩΖCummings ޓၞԫޡਐנΔ Meisner ፖࠡהᖂृ່ՕऱլٵΔ༉ਢהሎشהࢬ෻ᇞऱ್܌৸

׌ᆠΔ܂੡ਐᖄࠡઔߒऱޅܒࢤՠࠠΔឈྥהࢬ෻ᇞऱլጐྥݙᖞΔ܀սڂڼ೚

נ๺ڍᗑ௽ऱᇞᤩΔࠏڕኙֻ࣍ᖻࣟऱ೏৫ေᏝΖΰBruce CummingsΔ1997α

խഏᖂृኙMeisnerٍڶထઌᅝ೏ऱေᏝΖঀ׊ࡾܛਐנΔڇભഏ֟ᑇጠ൓

Ղ৸უ׾ઔߒृऱԳᅝխΔMeisnerܛ੡Ꮑ૞ך։ૹီऱᖂृΔ௽ܑਢהऱ್܌

৸׌ᆠై塄א֗הኙ࣍ભഏઔߒྤီ್࣍܌৸׌ᆠࢬ܂ऱޅܒΖ(ঀ׊ࡾΔ2000Κ 384-385)׌ᒳπ؆ഏᖂृေֻᖻࣟρऱᘕ࢏խܛਐנMeisnerڰڇԲԼڣছ༉౨ജ ኙ࣍խഏ෼ז֏৬๻༼נড়ᨠऱޅေΔբ֧ದ๺ڍऱᣂࣹΖڂ੡Meisnerൕֱ۫

ψ෼זࢤωࢬ૜سנࠐऱംᠲխࣹრࠩΔխഏࢬၞ۩ऱޏ଀ၲ࣋ਙ࿜ല൅ࠐψ壆 ڕፍඓࡉࠟᄕ։֏ऱ෼ွωΔ࣠ྥإਢխഏ৵ࠐࢬ૿ᜯऱܺቼΖ܀ኙ࣍Meisner ሎش௻ڮ߶׌ᆠࡉاጰ׌ᆠ܂੡ᇭᤩֻᖻࣟऱ෻ᓵΔᘕ࢏խঞᎁ੡ຍਢڶৱ೸ዎ ऱΖה੷۟ᝫၞԫޡਐנឈྥMeisnerլឰൎᓳࠡᨠរਢ௅ཬ࣍టإԱᇞࠀ׊ਢ

ᖂس෻ᇞ२෼זխഏڶৰՕऱᚥܗΖ

ڇࠡᗑ௽ऱழ़હནՀࢬᇞᦰऱ್܌ཎ଺෻Δ܀ᎁ੡Meisnerႛ׽ਢڇψ್܌৸ ڰཚᣂ࣍षᄎฆ֏ऱ෻ᓵ௃ਮփေ૪෼זխഏऱ೛Օषᄎޏ଀ω⁹Ζ

طՂ૪ױߠΔ Meisner ࢬၲ୶ऱᖵ׾ᇞᤩऱᒔڶࠡլٵհ๠Δ઎ۿႚอچࡐ ച࣍መװࢬੌ۩ऱ್܌৸׌ᆠ։࣫ਮዌΔኔঞڂ੡ኙ್࣍܌৸׌ᆠऱ෻ᓵڶထᄅ ऱᇞᦰۖլٵ࣍א࢓Ζۖຍᑌऱ։ֱ࣫ऄΔࠌ൓הኙ࣍խഏऱᖵ׾ڶထլٵܑ࣍

ԳऱᇞᤩΔࠀ׊ڇ෼ڇऱᖂ๬੺սڶထઌᅝՕऱᐙ᥼ԺΖۖءઔߒല෡Ե൶ಘ Meisner ኙխഏऱᖵ׾։࣫Δࠀ׊ᇢቹ൶༛ຍᑌऱᖵ׾։ֱ࣫ڤኙ࣍෻ᇞխഏڶ ထչᏖᑌऱᐙ᥼Δא֗ኙ್࣍܌৸׌ᆠऱઔߒԾڶչᏖᑌऱᐙ᥼Ζ

ಃΟ࿯ʳ ୢᚒཀ᛽

ʳ ʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ѧ್܌৸Δπሁ࣐Θंஞ֣ऱᣆִԼԶρʳ

ᅝ٥ขխഏڇᤕᜤऱݿཬՀګمऱٵழΔԫଡࣔ᧩ऱኙᅃՈᇿထנ෼ԱΔ௽

ܑਢኙᤕᜤڶထ๺ڍլየऱԳΖࠏڕڇಘᓵषᄎ׌ᆠመྀழཚऱᆖࠢထ܂

πBetween Capitalism and SocialismρխΔSweezyܛאխഏऱ֮֏Օ଀ࡎሁᒵࠐ܂

੡ᤕᜤऱؑ໱ࠉᘸሁᒵऱኙᅃΔࠀ׊ᎁ੡խഏऱሁᒵթਢฤٽྤขၸ్ܓ墿ऱΔ ᤕᜤঞਢڇ੡ᄅᘋऱᇷขၸ్ΔࢨृڕBettelheimࢬࡳᆠऱψഏ୮ᇷขၸ్ωΰstate bourgeoisieαࣚ೭ΖΰPaul M. Sweezy & Charles Bettelheim, 1971Κ31α֠ࠡΔSweezy ڇലֻᖻࣟፖ٨ኑऱګ༉ࠀ٨հ塒¹⁰Δޓ৙ጠխഏբᆖᗑم۞׌ऱ࿇୶נԫයս ፖᇷء׌ᆠषᄎڶထຑᢀऱषᄎ׌ᆠሐሁΔࠀ׊ઌኙ࣍ᤕᜤऱ؈ඓΔխഏ੡٤׈

੺ᖫمԱԫଡ౨ജຏመழၴऱە᧭ٵழᐙ᥼Ժല။ࠐ။ՕऱᑓᒤΖΰPaul M.

9 ء੄ᖞ෻۞Maurice MeisnerءԳࢬထΔ്ኑΕຫᎮൈ࿛Գ᤟ऱπ್܌৸׌ᆠΕֻᖻࣟ׌ᆠፖ௻

ڮ߶׌ᆠρխऱ᤟ृݧΖڼ᤟ृݧᆖመٻᘕ࢏խ۔ஃᒔᎁΔኔ੡ࠡᘣ࿝ࢬ೚Ζ

10 Sweezyᎁ੡Δطֻ࣍ᖻࣟࡉ٨ኑΔխഏࡉ঎ഏթ൓אڶຍᑌ೛Օऱ଀ࡎΖ܀٨ኑᝫآ೶ፖࠩष ᄎ׌ᆠऱ৬๻༉ຓ׈ԱΔֻᖻࣟথᏆᖄխഏ਍ᥛ଀ࡎ၌መԲԼڣΔࠀ׊ᗑم໌ທנխഏ۞աऱሐ ሁΖᇡาऱಘᓵփ୲ᓮߠPaul M. Sweezy & Charles Bettelheim, 1971,ร 119 ۟ 122 ଄Ζ

Sweezy & Charles Bettelheim, 1971Κ105α

Seldenឈྥኙ֮࣍֏Օ଀ࡎፖֻᖻࣟڶࢬޅေΔٍᛀಘ֮֏Օ଀ࡎאֻ֗ᖻ

ࣟࢬ׌਍ऱൎ૰ႃ᧯֏ሁᒵኙխഏልاࢬ൅ࠐऱ߀ᣄΔא֗ኙषᄎ׌ᆠ࿇୶ٺֱ

૿ऱॴᡶΰMark Selden, 1991Κ64αΔ܀սྥਐנխഏڇݼֲᖏञΕՒچ଀ࡎࡉ ڰཚऱٽ܂֏ழཚխΔ౨ജڶ໌რऱ࿨ٽاฒऱ֭਍Δၞ۩ઌᣂऱࠫ৫ޏ଀ࠐឩ

്Գऱ۞طࡉष೴ऱᒤ໮Ζຍᑌࠫ৫ޏ଀լႛڶܗ࣍ឩՕسขԺፖ༼೏๺ڍԳऱ گԵΔࠀ׊༼ࠎԱٺଡषᄎ׌ᆠഏ୮ڇመྀழཚऱᘝၦᑑᄷΖΰMark Selden, 1991Κ114α

גาەኘהଚᅝழኙ࣍ᤕᜤޅေऱփ୲Δ٦ኙᅃխഏޏ଀ၲ࣋৵ऱൣནΔঞ ᄎא੡್܌৸ࢬ༼قऱᖵ׾ᨠڇխഏ൓ࠩԱ᧭ᢞΖSweezy ڇ׌്षᄎ׌ᆠᚨਢ ലެࡳࢤऱسขᇷறូഏ୮ࢬڶΔࠀ׊ؘႊڶ٤૿ऱૠ྽ᆖᛎऱছ༼ՀΔਐຂᤕ ᜤڇ׾ሒࣥऱ൅ᏆՀࢬਜ۩ऱψᄅᆖᛎਙ࿜ωΔլႛڇਙࢌΕ٥ข᤻ΕᆖᛎՂല ᦞԺႃխڇ֟ᑇᏆᖄၸᐋΔࠀ׊ྤૻࠫچሎشढᔆࠨᖿࠐ༼೏ՠԳՠ܂ऱრᣋא

֗ՠᄐऱسข෷Ζ௅ᖕהऱᨠኘΔ࿨࣠ਢທګषᄎٺၸᐋ։֏ףᏣΕᆢฒๅᠦਙ ए࿛ፖ٥ข׌ᆠ࿇୶ઌሔહऱ෼ွΔ੷۟ᝫ፹ທנᄅऱψഏ୮ᇷขၸ్ωΔຍଡ ᄅऱၸ్լ܀༽ڶ؎ՕऱᦞԺΔڇਙएΕᆖᛎΕඒߛֱ૿਍ڶ೏৫ऱᚌ။چۯΔ ᦞԺࡉچۯ੷۟ᝫױאႚᎠ࿯הଚऱ՗ՖΖΰPaul M. Sweezy & Charles Bettelheim, 1971Κ125-128α

ઔߒྡྷរ੡ᆖᛎਙ࿜ᛀಘऱ SeldenΔঞ֘ኙ Sweezy ࢬ׌്ऱຍጟψ೯୉ڤ

ႃ᧯׌ᆠωΔᎁ੡ᤕᜤऱਙ࿜ኔᎾՂਢאഏ୮ᑊԺࠐ࠷זؑ໱ऱפ౨ΔܓشᏝ௑

ࡉᔭഇ಻ᠰऱᖲࠫΔ೏৫ଷচልاࠐ໺ࡳՠᄐ֏೏৫࿇୶ऱഗ៕ΖઌኙऱΔխഏ ልᄐऱႃ᧯֏ܛլٵ࣍ᤕᜤ߷ጟطՂۖՀऱਙ࿜Δۖ੡ԫጟዬၞऱΕ۞ᣋऱٽ܂

֏࿜ฃΔլႛഏ୮ڇመ࿓խৰ֟ࠌشᑊԺΔՈঅᥨԱልᄐऱ࿇୶Ζ܀լٵ࣍

Sweezy ኙխഏऱᨬཆΔSelden ޓၞԫޡᛀಘ৵ཚխഏՈٵᑌආ࠷Աൎ૰ऱႃ᧯

֏࿜ฃΔૹዝԱᤕᜤຘመഏ୮ᑊԺऱଷচΔᚘ዇נআၞՠᄐګ९ऱܓഗΖΰMark Selden, 1991Κ24Ε47-64α

ଖ൓ಘᓵऱਢΔྤᓵਢ SweezyΕBettelheim ᝫਢ SeldenΔᅝהଚڇޅܒᤕᜤ

੷۟ਢխഏழΔהଚࢬࠌشऱ෻ᓵਢൕ್܌৸׌ᆠנ࿇ΔᝫਢൕխഏऱኔᎾנ

࿇Δൕኙᤕᜤऱ؈ඨנ࿇Δࢨൕਬጟהଚ᧯ᎁऱ್܌׌ᆠऱᣋඨנ࿇ऱࡋΛޓऴ

൷ऱᎅΔהଚޅܒऱࠉᖕਢܡటऱຟਢנ್࣍܌৸Λࠏڕ Sweezy ፖ Bettelheim ᣂ࣍षᄎ׌ᆠመྀழཚऱ᥯ᓵΔࠡኔڇ್܌৸ऱထ܂ᇙإਢಘᓵ່֟ऱچֱΔࠡ

ࢬሎشऱ෻ᓵਢܡਢ್܌৸ऱᝫᏁ૞ၞԫޡەኘΖٵᑌऱΔᅝ Selden ڇ։࣫ᤕ ᜤፖխഏऱᆖᛎਙ࿜ழΔᣂ್࣍܌৸ኙ࣍ልاऱᨠរΕኙ࣍ልᄐ᎖ܗՠᄐऱᓵរ ՈਢڶৱەኘऱΖ

ֺছ૪Կۯᖂृޓ੡৵ཚऱ Maurice Meisner Ոؘႊ૿ᜯٵᑌऱᔆംΔ֠ࠡ

ᅝה৙ጠڶԫጟࢬᘯऱψխഏ್܌৸׌ᆠωழΔޓᏁ૞ၞԫޡەኘהࢬᎁᢝࠩऱ ຍࠄ෻ᓵਢܡսྥጩਢ್܌৸׌ᆠΛۖהءߪԾਢڕ۶ᇭᤩ್܌৸ऱ෻ᓵΔࠀ׊

ലຍᑌऱᇭᤩ୚شڇխഏઔߒՂΛהආشऱᇭᤩߡ৫ਢܡڶᨃהᇿࠡהॺ್܌

৸׌ᆠऱઔߒृڶࢬլٵΔڂۖࠌ൓הڇભഏऱխഏઔߒխڶထլԫᑌऱᨠኘီ

ມ੷۟ਢګ༉Λ

ڼ؆Δᅝ Meisner ڇ։࣫ਬႈ್܌৸׌ᆠऱᄗ࢚ழΔࠏڕ್܌৸ኙ࣍ልاڇ

଀ࡎխࢬ੺ࡳऱߡۥΔMeisner ᜔ਢᄎٵழലᤕᜤፖխഏ೚੡ூࠏၞ۩։࣫Δڶ ழٍᄎڶၞԫޡऱֺለΖڕڼ઎ࠐΔהਢܡՈڶထࡉছ૪ᖂृٵᑌऱႜٻΔٍܛ

ႛലխഏ܂੡ԫଡᤕᜤऱኙᅃิΛ٦ृΔᅝהڇޅေᤕᜤழΔࠏڕေᓵᤕᜤޏ଀

խࣔ᧩ऱᇷء׌ᆠ௽ᔆழΔהԾڕ۶઎ৱխഏۿ׏אᕕᏣীڤլឰऱૹᓤထᤕᜤ ऱᖵ׾ΛᝫਢኙהۖߢΔխഏਢݙݙ٤٤լٵ࣍ᤕᜤऱΔլਢૹᓤᖵ׾ऱᕕᏣΔ

ۖਢᗑ௽ऱΕڇᖵ׾Ղรԫڻ࿆໱ऱ༟ᏣΛ

ጵՂࢬ૪Δءઔߒݦඨױא៶طຍࠄߡ৫൶ߒ Meisner ࢬᎁᢝࠩऱ್܌৸׌

ᆠፖխഏΔא֗ࠡઔߒ࠹ࠩխഏᖂवᢝषᆢࡉؐ੔वᢝषᆢ৻ᑌऱᣂࣹፖಘᓵΖ ԾࢨृΔהऱઔߒ࠹ࠩຍࠟଡवᢝषᆢڕ۶ऱᣂࣹፖᐙ᥼Λ່৵Δءઔߒཚৱ౨

៶طڃ࿠ຍࠄംᠲΔ༈ބנ Meisner ࢬڇऱۯᆜΔࠀאڼ෻ᇞຍᑌऱᖂ๬ઔߒऱ ᐙ᥼ԺΔၞۖ༈ބޓڍխഏઔߒऱױ౨ࢤΖ

ಃѤ࿯ʳ ࣴزࢎᄬᆶࣴزБݤ

ءઔߒ੡᥆࣍ψόխഏᖂύवᢝषᆢհሀഏઔߒૠ྽¹¹ω௃ਮՀऱઔߒΔ׌

૞ઔߒؾᑑڇ࣍ሀ။א૎፿੡׌ᖄऱխഏᖂઔߒࢬ๻ՀऱᎽᡶΔឭๅኙֱ۫׌ੌ

वᢝऱࠉᘸΖڕছࢬ૪Δ۞ԫ԰ԮϤڣזأאࠐΔխഏઔߒ࿨ٽषᄎઝᖂֱऄΔ

ۖᑛભषᄎઝᖂઔߒ׌ੌऱ׌്Δਢലխഏီ੡ࠠڶཏሙࢤऱषᄎઝᖂऄঞऱଡ

ூΔڂڼઔߒኙွլመਢ؆࣍ઔߒृ׊ፖհශྤᣂᜤऱড়᧯ΖឈྥڶࢬᘯءՒष ᄎઝᖂऱ׌്Δࢭᎁᅝছᑛભ׌ੌऱઔߒࠌխഏઔߒ࠹ૻ࣍נ۞ᑛભᖵ׾ᆖ᧭ऱ

ംᠲრᢝΔڂۖڶؘ૞௅ᖕխഏءߪऱᆖ᧭ףאଥإΔ܀ഗءՂথսྥലխഏီ

੡ԫଡಥ᣸࣍ཏሙऄঞ৬ዌࢬࠉᘸऱூࠏΖءઔߒঞ֘ਢΔᎁ੡խഏΕխഏઔߒ ፖխഏઔߒृհၴΔڶထઌյዌګऱᣂএΔڂڼխഏءߪլژڇ܂੡ড়ᨠઔߒኙ

ွऱױ౨ࢤΖᎁᢝխഏٵழؘႊᎁᢝխഏઔߒृ֗࢖࿛ࢬൕנऱխഏᖂषᆢΔਚ

ؘۖႊൕᖞ෻Εូ౏Εᇞዌٺଡઔߒषᆢኙ࣍խഏऱઔߒΔٍܛႊᇢቹܧ෼׈੺

ٺଡխഏઔߒषᆢऱवᢝسข౧࿮Δאআګٺଡषᆢኙխഏઔߒऱ֘ઊፖૹ৬Δ

ၞۖ༼ࠎԫଡڶֱܑ࣍۫׌ੌऱխഏઔߒհઔߒਮዌΖભഏऱ್܌৸׌ᆠխഏઔ ߒՈլࠏ؆Ζ

խഏᖂऱवᢝૠ྽ऱઔߒᒤ໮ො።ԱֲءΕᖾ੊Εٱ৫ΕឌഏΕᄅףࡕΕ

್ࠐ۫ࠅΕ။তΕ፞ײΕ঎ഏא֗ભഏΖભഏឈྥਢؾছխഏᖂઔߒऱ׌ੌΔ܀

ભഏխഏᖂ੺Ոژڇॺ׌ੌवᢝषᆢΔءઔߒ׌૞ઔߒऱኙွܛભഏᢰၾऱؐ੔

ઔߒवᢝषᆢ᥆հΖᄷڼΔಾኙ Maurice Meisner ආ࠷್܌৸׌ᆠऱ෻ᓵਮዌࠐ

11 ᇡาૠ྽փ୲ᓮߠ http://politics.soc.ntu.edu.tw/raec/act01.php

ઔߒխഏΔءઔߒܛᇢቹᐉီ Maurice Meisner ߪ੡ઔߒृڇຍᑌऱઔߒመ࿓

խΔࠡઔߒࢬ๠ऱ֨෻ፖषᄎයٙڕ۶ᐙ᥼ࠩࠡխഏᨠኘΔۖխഏᤉࢭ್܌৸׌

ᆠऱ৙ጠਢܡՈٵᑌᐙ᥼ထ Maurice Meisner ऱઔߒΔۖהऱխഏઔߒࡉࠡהԳ ڶ۶լٵΔא֗Ծڕ۶ᐙ᥼הڇભഏխഏઔߒխऱۯᆜΛ٦ृΔMaurice Meisner ਢܡኙ۞աࢬسขऱवᢝࠠڶ֘ઊޅܒऱრᢝΔൕۖ༳༽הࢬ᥆ऱवᢝषᆢऱ֮

֏Εᖵ׾౧࿮א֗ࢬ๠ऱᅝזൣቼΔኙהऱխഏᎁᢝࠠڶչᏖრᆠΛ

ءઔߒආ࠷৵๻ઔߒऱᇭᤩֱऄΕ֮ء։࣫Εᓵ૪։࣫Δא֗ኔᢞઔߒհ๶

ᓫֱऄΔല፦ႃࠀᖞ෻Maurice Meisnerऱઔߒ೚੡ඖࠃ֮ءΔԱᇞࠡၴംᠲრ ᢝΕઔߒֱऄΕઔߒਮዌΖٵழٍല፦ႃፖᖞ෻ࠡהᖂृኙ࣍Maurice Meisner ऱઌᣂಘᓵΔ༴ᢄנMaurice Meisnerࢬ᥆ऱवᢝषᆢΔא֗ઔߒᇠषᆢऱઔߒण उΕᐙ᥼Ժፖམᆖנ෼መ৻ᑌऱञᤜፖಘᓵΔࠀ׊ၞԫޡԱᇞMaurice Meisner ڇᇠषᆢխऱۯᆜፖᐙ᥼ԺΖڼ؆Δޓലආ࠷෡Ե๶ᓫऱֱऄΔ๶ംᑵᢝMaurice Meisnerઔߒፖᖂ৸ᖵ࿓ऱEdward Friedman¹²Δא෡ԵԱᇞMaurice Meisnerऱઔ ߒΖ່ึঞཚৱ۞ߪ܂੡ԫଡઔߒऱॣᖂृΔ౨ജڇຍᑌऱઔߒመ࿓խΔ٥ٵᎁ ᢝၞۖᐉီ۞աऱवᢝီߡߒຶਢൕ۶ۖࠐΔࠀ׊֘ઊ۞աڇवᢝՂڶထ৻ᑌऱ

౒ະΔᨃ۞ա౨ࡉઔߒ٥ٵګ९ፖᖂ฾Δঞ੡ڼઔߒࢬཚৱऱ׼ԫႈױ౨ऱॵף ګ࣠Ζ

12 ᇠૠ྽৬ᤜ๶ᓫױאٵழආ࠷ၲ࣋ڤፖ৞ຨڤऱֱऄΔࠀ׊ڇ৞ຨڤऱ๶ᓫֱ૿Δ৬ᤜᏁ໮

៥ԲԼԫሐംᠲΚΰ1αڕ۶ၞԵխഏᏆ഑Ιΰ2αޣᖂመ࿓Ιΰ3αୌࠄՕࠃᐙ᥼መ۞աΙΰ4αઔߒ ᠲؾڕ۶ᙇࡳΙΰ5αڕ۶ၞԵඒ៭ࢨઔߒ៭Δ֗ၲᓰΙΰ6αᖂᄎፖઔߒᄎऱូ᥆ΔஃࢭΙΰ7αઔ ߒᆖ၄ऱࠐᄭΙΰ8αඒᖂփ୲ऱ๻ૠΙΰ9αኙᖂسऱ઎ऄΙΰ10αኙᇠഏխഏᖂ੺ऱ઎ऄΙΰ11α ኙࠡהഏ୮խഏઔߒऱ൷ᤛፖ઎ऄΙΰ12α࠹ֱ۫৸უΰHegel, Marx, Weber, Parsons, etc.αፖ۫

ֱխഏઔߒऱᐙ᥼Ιΰ13αਢܡൄװխഏΛڇխഏڶչᏖᆖᖵΛΰ14αፖխഏᖂ๬੺ࢨࠡהԳڶ չᏖ൷ᤛᆖ᧭Ε٥ࠃᆖ᧭Λΰ15αڶ޲ڶᑵᢝऱխഏ֖Գࢨᘣ൯Λڕ۶࿨ᢝऱΛΰ16αኙխഏآ ࠐऱ઎ऄΔڕ۶ዝ᧢Ιΰ17αઔߒ࿇।ऱመ࿓Ιΰ18αઔߒመ࿓ፖઔߒᆖ᧭ΰץਔᓰᠲΕޗறΕֱ

ऄαΙΰ19αᆖᖵΰᔹᦰΕலᨠΕ೶ፖαመऱᖂ๬᥯ᓵΙΰ20α່Օऱګ༉ፖᙊᖌΙΰ21αኙխഏઔ ߒآࠐֱٻऱ઎ऄΖ܀ط࣍ءઔߒآ౨๶ᓫMaurice MeisnerΔڂڼ๶ᓫംᠲലڶࢬᓳᖞΔࠀല๶

ᓫՕጼ۟࣍ॵᙕΖ

ಃϖ࿯ʳ ക࿯Ӽ௨

ءઔߒ٥։քଡີᆏΖรԫີ࣍ছߢᎅࣔઔߒ೯ᖲ৵Δտฯ Maurice Meisner ऱଡԳહནΔ່৵ঞᎅࣔംᠲრᢝΕઔߒਮዌፖઔߒֱऄΖรԲີ׌૞ਢᖞ෻

Meisner ऱᖂ๬હནΔא܂੡հ৵൶ಘ Meisner ऱઔߒհഗ៕Ζۖط࣍ Meisner ਢא್܌৸׌ᆠ܂੡ࠡխഏઔߒऱ׌૞ਮዌΔ׊ Meisner ྤᓵਢଡԳऱګ९ᛩቼ ࢨਢհ৵ऱᖂ๬سෑઃࡳထ࣍ભഏΔڂڼڼີאભഏऱխഏઔߒࡉભഏऱ್܌৸

׌ᆠઔߒ੡׌૞ᖞ෻ᒤᡱΖԾڂ੡٥ขխഏऱᘋದΔࠟՕᒤᡱၲࡨڶԱٌႃΔਚ

ٍᖞ෻ઌᣂઔߒΖ

รԿີঞإڤၞԵ Meisner ऱઔߒփ୲Ζڼີ׌૞ਢאπֻᖻࣟऱխഏ֗ࠡ

৵ΚխဎԳا٥ࡉഏ׾ρΰMao's China and after : a history of the People's Republicα ԫ஼੡׌Δࠡהထ܂੡᎖Δࠉທᖵ׾ழݧऱڜඈᖞ෻ Meisner ऱઔߒփ୲Ζᖞޕ ऱመ࿓խΔല௽ܑࣹრ Meisner ࢬሎشࠩऱ್܌৸׌ᆠᨠរΔא֗הኙ್࣍܌৸Ε

஑௑ཎΕڮ੖ཎഗΕ٨ኑΕֻᖻࣟፖࠡה್܌৸׌ᆠृऱ෻ᓵࢬ܂ऱ։࣫ፖေᏝΔ א෡ԵԱᇞ Meisner ءߪڕ۶ᇭᤩ್܌৸׌ᆠऱ෻ᓵΔא֗ Meisner ኙ್࣍܌৸

׌ᆠऱኪ৫ፖေᏝΖ

ร؄ີঞലᖞ෻ࠡהԳኙ࣍ Meisner ऱေᏝΖط࣍ Meisner ऱઔߒڶࠡ௽௘

ऱࠟ૿ࢤΔڂڼ࠹ࠩࠐ۞ભഏऱխഏઔߒषᆢፖխഏհ್܌৸׌ᆠᖂ๬षᆢऱᣂ

ࣹΖۖڇભഏऱխഏઔߒषᆢᇙΔམᆖڶԫ໱אπModern Chinaρཚע੡׌૞ᖏ

໱Δط Richard M. Pfeffer ࿇ದऱᓵᖏΔࠀא Benjamin SchwartzΕStuart Schram ࡉ Meisner ੡׌૞ސᚰኙွΔۖ࠹ࠩᐖՕऱಱ᥼Δ׊ྤᓵ֭਍ࢨ֘ኙֱઃڶ壄൑ऱ ᓵ᥯ΖڂڼءઔߒຘመઔߒڼᓵᖏΔլႛױאԱᇞ Meisner ࢬڇऱᖂ๬षᆢհ૿

ᎎΔٍױאൕலޓ෡Եچ෻ᇞ Meisner ऱઔߒփ୲ΖڼີऱรԲଡૹរΔঞ੡խ ഏऱᖂृኙ Meisner ऱေᏝΖط࣍ Meisner ᆖൄ๯խഏऱᖂृ༼֗Δലհီ੡ભ ഏխഏઔߒխऱૹ૞ᖂृΔ੷۟ᝫല Meisner ቤ੡ભഏᖂ๬षᆢࢬآڶऱψ್܌

৸׌ᆠխഏ֏ωઔߒषᆢא௽ܑઔߒհΔطڼױߠ Meisner ڇխഏऱᐙ᥼ԺΖڂ ڼΔઌᣂऱઔߒऱᖞ෻ڶؘࠡ૞ࢤΔ׊ലຘመຍࠄփ୲෻ᇞխഏءߪኙ࣍ Meisner ຍᑌԫଡ؆ࠐऱઔߒृڶ৻ᑌऱᎁᢝΔא֗ Meisner ڇୌࠄֱ૿ᐙ᥼Ախഏऱᖂ

ृΖ׼؆Δڼີٍᄎጐױ౨༈ބࠀᖞ෻ࠡהᖂृኙ࣍ Meisner ऱಘᓵፖေᏝΔא ޓݙᖞچԱᇞ MeisnerΖ

ط࣍ྤᓵਢ Meisner ࢨࠡהေᓵ Meisner ऱઔߒृΔຟ৙ጠሎشԱψ್܌৸׌

ᆠωऱਮዌΔ܀ૉᇡาᛀီΔല࿇෼ޢଡԳࢬᎅऱ್܌৸׌ᆠઃڶထլԫᑌΔ੷

۟࢖ڼڶࢬؿએऱփ୲ΖڂڼΔรնີঞലڃᄩ Meisner א֗ร؄ີࢬ༼֗ऱᖂ

ृࢬሎشऱ್܌৸׌ᆠփ୲Δࠀ׊ᝫ૞ޓ࢓ছਉൺࢬᘯऱψ್܌৸׌ᆠωߒຶਢ ڕ۶ݮګऱΖڕڼԫࠐΔࢨ๺ױא᠖堚್܌৸׌ᆠऱփ୲Δࠀ׊ڇຍഗ៕հՂΔ ޓ෡Եچᎁᢝ Meisner ऱઔߒਮዌፖઔߒؾऱΔא֗ࠡהԳڇؓᏝ Meisner ऱٵ ழΔહ৵ࢬ਍ऱࠉᖕኔᎾՂԾਢչᏖΖรքີঞല᜔࿨ءઔߒΔࠀ׊ڃᚨรԫີ

ڇࢬ༼נऱംᠲΖٍܛࡳۯ Meisner ऱઔߒۯᆜΔא֗ኙ࣍ࠡᖂ๬षᆢڶထ৻ᑌ ऱᐙ᥼Ζ່৵Δࢨ๺ᄎ࿇෼Δྤᓵ Meiner ऱ׌૞ᣂᡖߒຶਢխഏᝫਢषᄎ׌ᆠΔ ڇ್܌৸׌ᆠऱᐙ᥼ՀΔMeisner ऱխഏઔߒຟਢࠠڶᗑ௽ࢤΔٵழՈژڇထਬ ࠄംᠲऱΖ۟࣍խഏΔࢨ๺լመਢԫ໱ᝫآ࿨ޔۖ׊սڶထ᠆༄سࡎԺऱᚭᏣΔ ᄎᨃ،ګ੡༟ᏣࢨᕕᏣऱኔᎾՂਢઔߒृءߪऱီߡΔۖլਢխഏ۞աΖ

ಃມക!!!!ব္ٰޑቃҁǻNfjtofs ޑᏢೌޗဂङඳ!

ءີ׌૞ؾᑑਢڇ࣍ᖞ෻ભഏऱխഏઔߒፖ್܌৸ઔߒऱ࿇୶ൣउΔא೚੡

հ৵൶ಘ Maurice Meisner ᖂ৸ࢤᔆऱഗ៕Δࠀڃ࿠ Meisner ીԺ࣍ઔߒψ್܌

৸׌ᆠխഏ֏ωΔߒຶਢנ۞࣍ኙխഏऱᣂᡖΔᝫਢנ۞࣍ኙषᄎ׌ᆠऱᣂᡖΛ הࢬၞ۩ऱߒຶਢխഏઔߒᝫਢ್܌৸׌ᆠઔߒΛהუ૞ኙᇩऱኙွਢխഏઔ ߒृᝫਢ್܌৸׌ᆠઔߒृΛא֗ᖞଡ್܌৸׌ᆠխഏ֏ऱઔߒΔუ૞൶ಘऱം

ᠲߒຶਢ᥆್࣍܌৸׌ᆠઔߒऱΔٍࢨਢխഏઔߒऱᓰᠲΛۖءີᖞ෻ऱࠟଡઔ ߒᏆ഑ࢬ௫֗ऱᒤ໮ઌᅝᐖऑΔ܀੡Ալᨃംᠲ؈ྡྷΔڂڼႛᄗฃࢤچտฯٺଡ ழཚऱૹ૞࿇୶Δۖլၞԫޡ൶ಘٺଡ෻ᓵऱาᆏΔאޣ౨᜕ᨠࢤچԱᇞڼࠟՕ હནΖڇխഏઔߒຝ։Δ׌૞ٛᘸ David ShambaughΔAndrew WalderΔRichard MadsenΔਲঅڜΔঀ׊ூ࿛Գऱڃ᥽Ιڇ್܌৸׌ᆠຝ։Δঞ׌૞ଗش Louis HartzΔWerner Sombart ፖ David McLellan ऱտฯΖ৵ࠐຍࠟଡԫၲࡨኲྥլٵऱ ઔߒΔڂ੡խഏ٥ขਙᦞऱנ෼Δࠌ൓ࠟृ൓אၞԫޡ࿨ٽΔۖ Meisner ኙψ್

܌৸׌ᆠխഏ֏ωऱ൶ߒΔܛ੡ڼ࿨ٽࢬขسऱઔߒᓰᠲհԫΖ

ಃ΋࿯ ऍ୯ޑύ୯ࣴز

ભഏऱխഏઔߒऴࠩԫԶԿϤڣז۟ԫԶ؄ϤڣזၴթດዬᘋದΔԫԶԶϤ ڣז๺ڍՕᖂઌᤉ๻مઌᣂऱඒᖂࡉઔߒᖲዌΖፖᑛ੊ઌለΔࠟृٵᑌਢאႚඒ Փ੡ଈޅઔߒृΖ܀ઌኙ࣍ᑛ੊ڰ༉੡ԱڂᚨႚඒऱᏁ૞ࢬ܂ऱխഏઔߒΔભഏ ኙխഏऱઔߒױᎅਢઌᅝऱඡΖᅝזխഏऱᖂृޓၞԫޡਐנΔભഏऱխഏઔߒ ឈྥԫၲࡨՈڕٵᑛ੊ਢאઔߒխഏ፿ߢ֮ڗΕ֮ढΕᖵ׾Εچ෻ࡉ৸უ֮֏ऱ ψዧᖂω੡ு֨Δ܀ፖᇷء׌ᆠऱཷاਙ࿜ࡉኙဎ࿜ฃڶထጹയऱᣂᜤΔڂۖլ ٵ࣍ᑛ੊Ζط࣍ؾऱլٵΔࠌ൓ᑛ੊ኙխഏለ౨ڶటኔऱտฯΔભഏऱᖂृঞڍ א෼ז֏ऱᑑᄷࠐေᏝխഏΔࠀཚৱ່ึ౨ޏທխഏΔאᎲ൷խഏፖֱ۫ऱᏝଖ ᨠΖࠩԱԫ԰ԲԶڣګمऱψশ۵ᗊࠇᖂषωΔᑑقԱભഏዧᖂઔߒऱߜړ࿇୶Δ

ᇠᖂषլႛگ៲Ա᠆༄ऱઔߒᇷறΔٍං೯๺ڍխٌ۫ੌऱ੒೯Δڂۖࠌ൓শ۵ Օᖂګ੡ભഏઔߒխഏऱխ֨Δۖ၄إ堚ܛ੡ࠡխࠠڶז।ࢤऱᖂृΖΰࡸᐜଆΔ 2008Κ7-8α

รԲڻ׈੺Օᖏऱᡨ࿇ঞࠌ൓խഏઔߒൕႚอऱዧᖂሂๅၲࠐΔլ٦ૻ࣍ઔ ߒ፿ߢΕ֮֏Εᖵ׾ΕࡲඒऱᆖࠢΔۖ༿ၲ೴഑ઔߒऱݧኟΖ࣍ԫ԰Բնڣګم ऱψ֜ؓ੉ᖂᄎωΰInstitute of Pacific RelationsαܛᑑقԱຍᑌऱ᠏ٻΔ،լႛഛ 塄נ๺ڍࠅ੊ઔߒറ୮Δ׊սઌᅝૹီ፿ߢಝᒭΔ੷۟ᝫ༼ࠎᆖ၄ղא֭਍ઔߒ

ृၞԵࢬઔߒऱ೴഑א፦ႃޓڍऱᇷறΖΰࡸᐜଆΔ2008Κ7-8Ιঀ׊ࡾΔ2000Κ 241-246α׼ԫଡଖ൓ᣂࣹऱਢΔรԲڻՕᖏᡨ࿇ཚၴΔא Edgar Snow ੡ଈऱؐ

ᜠᄅፊಖृኔᎾၞԵխഏආ๶Δࠀ׊௽ܑᣂࣹ٥ข᤻଀ࡎऱൣउΔٵழٍၲ᥸Ա ԫයլٵ࣍ᖂ๬ᑓڤऱխഏઔߒΖ௽ܑਢڇᅝழഏا᤻ਙࢌኙ࣍٥ข᤻ઌᣂᇷಛ

৞᠙ऱહནՀΔEdgar Snow ࢬנठπદਣᅃᤌխഏρΰհ৵խ᤟ठޏټ੡π۫۩

ደಖραڂᇡา׊٤૿چಖሉխഏ٥ข᤻ऱิ៣ΕԳढΕᖵ׾ፖ੒೯Δۖ࠹ࠩ۫

ֱ׈੺๺ڍᣂࣹΖΰঀ׊ࡾΔ1995Κ40-53α

խ٥ࢬ৬مऱᄅխഏΔঞࠌ൓ຍᑌऱ᠏ٻڂڼࡐࡳՀࠐΔࠀ׊אᖵ׾ᖂ੡׌

᧯ၞ۩ሀᖂઝऱઔߒΔ௽ܑਢΔޓၲࡨቫᇢൕषᄎઝᖂऱߡ৫Δലխഏီ੡ઔߒ ऱூࠏհԫΔංឰ࿇سڇխഏऱࠃ೭ڶྤڂ࣠๵৳ΖڂڼΔ੡೴ܑא࢓ऱխഏᖂΔ ڼழཚࢬ୶ၲऱઔߒ๯ጠ੡ψ෼זխഏᖂωΖΰWhyte, Vogel, & Parish , 1997Κ 179-180Ιঀ׊ࡾΔ2000Κ250-251α܀ᇷ८ऱ౒׎Εᇷಛऱሶ࿪א֗ܐᖏݝႨऱ ጹ്ࢬທګऱਙएᆃݲ௛ࣷΔګ੡ભഏऱխഏઔߒऱᎽᡶΖڼழཚऱઔߒਢא 1943 ڣګمऱψ᎛ࣟᖲዌωΰܛԫ԰նքڣޏࠫऱψࠅ੊ઔߒᖲዌωα੡׌ԺΔ

܀ࡉषᄎઝᖂ޲ڶ࿪ኙऱᣂຑΔۖਢભഏਙࢌ੡Ա߻ങ٥ข׌ᆠऱᏁޣࢬ৬مΖ ΰBruce Cummings, 1997Κ8-9αऴࠩԫ԰քϤڣזਙࢌፖ壂௽ഗ८ᄎऱᾄࣹΔף Ղભഏᖂ๬ᛩቼءߪऱߜړ࿇୶א֗षᄎઝᖂऱ଀ᄅၞޡΔխഏઔߒऱᛩቼթၲ

ࡨړ᠏Δࠀ׊ၲඔԱรԫंऱᅝזխഏઔߒΖ܀ᇷಛሶ࿪ऱംᠲսآ౨ᇞެΔڂ

ڼؘႊࠉᘸԲ֫ᇷறא֗ଉཽΕ؀᨜࿛ဎԳऱ࠰ܗΔਚྤऄၞ۩ઝᖂ׌ᆠ૞ޣऱ ߓอࢤऱኔᢞઔߒΔ׽౨೚ᖞ᧯ለݛᨠऱᓵ૪ΖΰDavid Shambaugh, 1993Κ14-20α

1970 ڣזխഏઔߒऱයٙၲࡨړ᠏Ζړ᠏ऱ؆ڇයٙਢΔԫ԰Ԯԫڣհ৵ խഏኙભഏऱດዬၲ࣋ࠌ൓ᇷறऱ࠷൓ᣄ৫૾܅Δ܀Ո׽ڶ֟ᑇኙխഏለψ֖࿳ω ऱᖂृ൓אၞԵխഏઔߒΔ׊׽౨ڇࡴֱࢬ๻ࡳऱᒤ໮փΔ፦ႃࡴֱࢬւ๺ऱᇷ றΖȐWhyte, Vogel, & Parish , 1997Κ182-184ȑ۟࣍փڇයٙऱړ᠏Δঞਢط࣍ઔ ߒԳթऱֲዬךᇛΔא֗ᅝழڂ੡။ᖏࢬࠨᖿנኙࠅ੊ઔߒऱ೯ᖲΖխഏઔߒऱ

࿇୶ܛڂ੡ຍᑌऱයٙۖᘋฐΔ௽ܑਢ֮֏Օ଀ࡎऱנ෼ΔڃᚨԱભഏॹڣኙ࣍

ભഏਙࢌ೶ፖ။ᖏऱլየΔຑ൅ထխഏٍګ੡ԫଡૹ૞ኙᅃΖڂڼլႛઔߒृ੷

۟ڶထભ֏֮଀ऱႜٻΔڇ๺ڍؐᜠॹڣᖂृऱ࿝ՀΔխഏޓਢ๯෻უ֏੡ԫଡ ભړऱؓ࿛षᄎΔٵழᝫڶਬጟಱᝩലխഏࡉࠡהഏ୮ֺለऱଅ௑Ζ׼ԫଡ֮଀

ࢬ൅ࠐऱᐙ᥼ਢΔط֮࣍଀ཚၴ๺ڍԳൕխഏಲנΔॺࡴֱऱᇷಛ࠷൓ڂڼઌኙ ᏺףΖ ΰDavid Shambaugh, 1993Κ20-25Ιঀ׊ࡾΔ2000Κ276-277α

ڇຍ੄ཚၴΔભഏኙխഏऱඖࠃഗءՂױ։੡ԿጟΔܛ׳੔Εؐ੔ࡉ۞ط੔Ζ

׳੔ऱඖࠃᄭ۞࣍ڰڣছ࢓խഏऱႚඒՓΔࠡၴႜٻאൎ௺ऱሐᐚრᢝࠐေ૪խ ഏΔࠀ׊ᎁ੡ڕ࣠޲ڶ٥ข᤻ऱ൳ࠫࢬ൅ࠐऱށڴΔխഏԳࡉભഏԳࠡኔຟਢԫ ᑌ౨ജ৬م۞طا׌षᄎऱΖؐ੔ঞਢലխ٥ီ੡षᄎޏ଀ऱ٣ᔴΔࠀ׊౨ജᏆ ᖄխഏݼࢴאભഏ੡ଈऱഏ୮׌ᆠΔٵழ៶طխഏٍ౨আၞ֘ઊભഏփຝڂ੡ᇷ ء׌ᆠ֧ۖದऱषᄎംᠲΖ۞ط੔ঞਢᑑ዆ထψխمω׊᠃შ೭ኔऱኪ৫ࠐኙৱ խഏΔ׌്ભഏᚨᇠאዬၞऱֱڤፖխഏ৬مإൄऱ؆ٌᣂএΔࠀ׊៶ڼല۞ط

ؑ໱֧ԵխഏΔխഏ༉ױא᠏ী੡ا׌ഏ୮Δ່৵ຍԫጟᨠរڇԫ԰ԮϤڣז৵ ດዬ࠷൓Ա׌ੌऱچۯΖΰRichard Madsen, 1995Κ28-58α܀ط࣍ছ༼Ղਢ൷࠹Ա ԫଡ۞ط׌ᆠऱᣂ᝶೗๻Δܛאψ෼ז֏ωਢԫଡཏ׈Ε෻ࢤΕױ෻ᇞऱ׈੺ၞ

࿓Δࠀᎁ੡խഏኙ׈੺ऱၞޡਢڶಥ᣸ऱΖΰRichard Madsen, 1995Κ115-119αྥ

ۖΔψ෼ז֏ωࢬࠠໂऱ໢ᒵࢤፖ೏৫ؾऱᓵ௽ᔆΔࠌ൓،ࢬ༴ᢄऱᖵ׾࿇୶ቹ

ቝࠠڶ৞ຨࢤΖ٦ृΔૉեᓵृᔆጊ෼ז֏෻ᓵឆ៲ኧࢍऱጟගխ֨׌ᆠΔڂ੡

ֱ۫Գᎁ੡۞աࠠڶᚌ။ऱ௽ᔆۖ൓אჿ٣ࠩሒ෼ז֏Δ׊׌്۞աऱ෼ז֏ຜ உਢױאཏሙ֏ऱΖΰਲঅڜΔ1991Κ92α

ٵᑌژڇຍԿԼڣऱ׼ԫଡፖء֮ઌᣂऱխഏઔߒംᠲΔਢխഏઔߒፖਝڶ ᖂ๬എऱๅᆏΖឈྥᅝழᖂઝၴ੺ૻऱլᣤ௑Δࠌ൓լٵᏆ഑ऱխഏઔߒ൓אյ ઌᖂ฾Ε٥ࠆवᢝऱګ࣠Δ܀խഏറ୮ኔᎾՂኙٵᏆ഑ऱࠡהઔߒࠀآڶߩജऱ ᎁᢝΔՈլ֜ૹီषᄎઝᖂऱᖂ๬૞ޣࢨᣂࣹ੡۶Ζਊᅃ Walder ৵ࠐኙהଚऱ

։࣫Δהଚࠀլᗨᄕ࣍ሀᖂઝऱઔߒΔլᎁ੡۞աਢԫଡֱ۫वᢝ᧯ߓऱ೶ፖ

ृΔ੷۟אլ࠹ֱ۫ᖂ๬௽ᐛΕփොࢬࣅޔۖ۞ᎌΔጟጟයٙࠌ൓הଚऱઔߒྤ

ऄאֱ۫෻ᓵ᧭ᢞΖΰAndrew G. Walder, 2002Κ316-322αהଚᎁ੡۞աऱઔߒؾ ऱࠀլਢᣂֱ࣍۫Δۖਢᣂ࣍ࠡה೴഑Δࠌ൓הଚլ۞ᤚऱܧ෼נਬጟאխ۫஁

ฆ੡ছ༼ऱֱ۫׌ᆠΖຍᑌऱൣउڇԫ԰Ԯ԰ڣ৵ڶԱ௅ءऱށ᠏Δڂ੡խഏء ߪࡉ،ڇ׈੺խۯᆜຟ࿇سԱޏ᧢ΖΰAndrew G. Walder, 2002Κ314-326αࠩԱԫ

԰ԶϤڣזऱ৵ֻᖻࣟழཚΔᇷಛૹᄅ׊ޓףऱၲ࣋Δ୲๺ضມᓳ਷ऱᘋದΔ੡

խഏઔߒ൅ࠐࠨᖿࡉޏ᧢Δ܀ڼழཚભഏഏփᖂ๬ᛩቼথᔡሖࠩᇷ८࿍౒ऱം

ᠲΔࠌ൓խഏઔߒขسܺᣄΔऴࠩԫ԰ԶϤڣזأթԾړ᠏Ζ֘ଙਢॺᖂ๬എΰࠏ ڕ໾᧯ᠧ፾αኙݮګխഏᎁᢝऱᐙ᥼ԺڶࢬᏺףΖΰDavid Shambaugh, 1993Κ 26-31α

ԫ԰Զ԰ڣ࿇سऱ֚ڜ॰ࠃٙΔԾ੡խഏઔߒ൅ࠐԱૹՕऱਗᖏΖࠃٙᖄી

ૉեભഏᖂृઌॾΔխഏا׌ሎ೯ࢬ૞ޣऱࠀլਢભڤ۞طΔ׊ڶࠄاሎႨԺࢬ ז।ऱ֘ۖױ౨ਢ៱᧯ࠫऱ஭ᓡृΖຍᑌऱ࿇෼আࠌवᢝ੺֘৸ࠡم໱Δ࿇෼ڇ ᆖᛎΕਙएΕषᄎ֮֏א֗۞طհၴࠡኔژڇထᓢડΖڂڼૉీڇႚᐾ۞طا׌

Ꮭଖऱم໱Δભഏ૞ࠫဪխ٥Ζ܀ઌ֘ऱΔૉەᐞీڇ᡹ࡳषᄎ఼ݧא֗ፂᥨᆖ ᛎܓ墿ऱم໱Δભഏঞਢ૞ٵൣխ٥ΖΰRichard Madsen, 1995Κ4-6α֚ڜ॰ࠃٙ

ٍࠌ൓ઔߒխഏऱᖂृ࠹ࠩޅܒΔהଚ๯ਐ൳ኙխഏመ࣍ٵൣΔڂڼง࣍༼ࠎإ

ᒔᇷಛΔᖂृऱᐙ᥼Ժᔡԫࡳ࿓৫ؚᚰΖΰDavid Shambaugh, 1993Κ33αࢉړ৵ ᥛ౨ܮگࠩࠃٙ৵Օޅዩભխഏᖂृࢨ৵ࠐऱխഏᖂس٥ٵᗨᄕٽ܂Δսࠌ൓խ ഏऱઔߒ൓אၞԫޡ࿇୶Δլႛਢڂ੡խ֮ᔹᦰ࿓৫ᏺףۖ༼֒Աઔߒऱ෡Ե࿓

৫Δࠀ׊ࡉઔߒृࢬ᥆षᄎઝᖂऱᖂઝֱऄ࿨ٽڇԫದΔ௫֗խഏઔߒऱ෻ᓵΕ

ֱऄՈດዬ࠹ࠩ׌ੌᖂ॰ऱᎁױΖΰAndrew G. Walder, 2002Κ331-333α

ભഏխഏઔߒխऱਙएᖂઝٍ࠹ࠩᖞ᧯ᖂ๬ᛩቼऱᐙ᥼Ζڇԫ԰նϤ۟ԫ԰

քϤڣזհၴΔط࣍ᇷಛऱլ࿇ሒࠌ൓ઔߒྡྷរ׽౨࣋ڇਙ᤻ࡉഏ୮ऱഗ៕ࠫ

৫Ζऴ֮ࠩ֏Օ଀ࡎ࿇سΔթڂ੡ലઔߒྡྷរ᠏੡։࣫ຍଡࠃٙ֗ࠡᐙ᥼Δא֗

։࣫ຍଡࠃٙኙ࣍ਙएߓอऱᓢᚰΔۖኙխഏઔߒ൅ࠐᄅऱ᠏މΖ৵ֻᖻࣟழཚ ऱઔߒឈ࠹ࠩᄅࠫ৫׌ᆠऱᐙ᥼Δ܀ഗءՂፖመװऱᤜ࿓սڶᣂຑΔڶࠄᝫ෗ٽ ԱመװऱઔߒΖ֮֏Օ଀ࡎऱઔߒ༉ਢԫଡৰࣔ᧩ऱࠏ՗Ζຍଡᤜᠲլႛ਍ᥛ࠹

ࠩᣂࣹΔᝫ࢏ۼנਙएࠫ৫ऱઌᣂઔߒΔ܀ኙ֮࣍֏Օ଀ࡎऱኪ৫থൕԫၲࡨऱ ᨬཆ᠏੡ൎ௺ऱޅܒΖ۟࣍ޓ२ཚऱխഏઔߒঞ׌૞ڶࠟଡ௽រΔԫଡਢܛࠌ֚

ڜ॰ࠃ᧢࿇سΔխഏઔߒृսآ࣋ඵאছࢬ৬مऱ࿨ዌࠢᒤΰDavid Shambaugh, 1993Κ122-128αΔ܀ڂ੡խഏං೯Աޏ଀ၲ࣋Δઔߒृޓףᣂ֨ࠫ৫ऱ᠏ীࡉؑ

໱ऱૹิΔۖ൓אࡉਙएᖂઝઌᓳࡉΖΰAndrew G. Walder, 2002Κ336α׼ԫଡ௽

រਢΔխഏਙएኙֱ۫ᖂृۖߢսྥਢᓤᠧ׊լຘࣔऱΖΰDavid Shambaugh, 1993Κ122-128αאٵ᥆ਙएᖂઝխऱषᄎ׌ᆠഏ୮ऱઔߒ੡ࠏΔઔߒխഏࡉઔ ߒছᤕᜤऱભഏᖂृঁڶထৰՕऱլٵΖઔߒխഏऱᖂृຏൄ໛ფխഏ֮֏Δۖ

׊ኙխഏآࠐऱ࿇୶ፖ᧢֏ڶထ෡֊ऱཚ๺Ζ܀ઔߒᤕᜤऱᖂृΔܛࠌהଚՈ໛

ᦟ঎ᢅཎ֮֏Δ܀הଚಘቧᅝזऱΰছαᤕᜤΖΰRichard Madsen, 1995Κ115-119α

ಃΒ࿯ ऍ୯ޑଭլࡘЬကࣴز

ፖᑛ੊ઌለΔભഏऱ್܌৸׌ᆠઔߒឈྥઌኙለլ࿇ሒΔ܀ڇ್܌৸ڇ׈ழ ܛբ୶ၲΔࠀط່࣍ॣऱ൅೯ृڍ੡ᐚഏฝاΔڂڼፖᑛ੊ऱઔߒࡉኔᔌയ֊ઌ

ᣂΔࠏڕ๯ጠ੡รԫۯ್܌৸׌ᆠृऱ Joseph Weydemeyer ܛ੡್܌৸ऱ֖ࣛΔ

׊ڇోપ໌مψભഏՠԳٵᅩωΔאψڇषᄎ׌ᆠऱഗ៕ՂΔऴ൷ޏ࿳ՠԳऱس ژणउω੡ࡲڱၞ۩ኔᔌऱՠ܂ΖรԫഏᎾٍᙟ৵࣍ԫԶԮϤڣګم֭ຝΔࠀ׌

്ψڇྤขၸ్ࡸآ࿇୶ࠩ౨৬مਙ᤻ൕۖ໺مױᔾऱഗ៕հছΔڂലՠԳၸ్

ࢬ༼נऱ૞ޣឭڇรԫۯωΖྥۖᇠ֭ຝথڇ؄ڣ৵৙ؒᇞཋΔ࠷ۖזհऱਢԫ ԶԶϤڣזګمऱקભषᄎ׌ᆠՠ᤻Δࠀڂ೶ፖᙇᜰ؈ܓۖၴ൷আګભഏ໎ՠᜤ ٽᄎ࣍ԫԶԶքڣ໌مΖषᄎ׌ᆠՠ᤻ԫऴ૞ࠩ Daniel De Leon ࣍ԫ԰԰Ϥڣז ດዬ࠷൓׌ᖄᦞ৵Δթດዬ੒ᥬದࠐΖה׌്್܌৸׌ᆠፖՒچޏ଀ऱاጰ׌ᆠ ሎ೯լ౨ᓳࡉΔٍլ൓ፖխขၸ్ऱ௻ڮ߶׌ᆠݔ࠰Ζྥۖࠡൎ࿏م໱থທګᄵ ࡉ੔ऱנߨΔࠌ൓षᄎ׌ᆠՠ᤻ڇԫԶ԰԰ڣ։ါΔࠀڇԲԼ׈ધॣ๯षᄎ᤻० ᙰ᎔ՂΖ

ઌለ࣍षᄎ׌ᆠՠ᤻Δषᄎ᤻࠹್ࠩ܌৸׌ᆠऱᐙ᥼ለ੡პஇΔࠀ׊փຝऱ რᢝݮኪઌᅝᡓᠧΔۖױאၞԫޡࠉᖿၞऱ࿓৫೴։੡׳ΕխΕؐԿ੔Ζ܀Ոਢ षᄎ᤻ऱ෻ᓵ୮ଚΔ៶ط៬᤟ΰࠏڕπᇷءᓵραא֗ઔߒऱנठΰࠏڕ Louis B.

BoudinࢬထऱπThe Theoretical System Of Karl Marxραআࠌ್܌৸׌ᆠڇભഏཏ

֗֏Ζ܀ຍंᑷᑪڇભഏ೶ፖรԫڻ׈੺Օᖏ৵Δᙟထ᠜ᚘ֘ᖏऱषᄎ׌ᆠृऱ ਙ࿜ၲ୶Δ್܌৸׌ᆠऱઔߒፖ੒೯ՈڂڼިഭՀࠐΖΰMcLellan, 2008Κ332-335α

ऴࠩԫ԰ԫԮڣؒዿչፂ܌଀ࡎګפΔ್܌৸׌ᆠթڇભഏ༚ᘋΔࠀطൕร ԿഏᎾ։ါנࠐऱLouis FrainaࡉCharles Ruthenbergګم٥ข᤻Δ׼ٍڶለ՛๵ᑓ ऱ٥ข׌ᆠՠԳ᤻੡ભഏءՒԳՓࢬګمΔ܀᤻ࠟઃڂধ႖एᆞऄۖ๯૰אچՀ

ীڤၞ۩Ζڇ༞٭ऱسژᛩቼՀΔ٥ข᤻լ܀آ౨ቸ࿨Δ׌૞ڂ੡փຝኙࠐ۞ᤕ ᜤऱᚘԺڶထլٵऱم໱ۖທګ։ါΖլመΔઌኙ࣍࠹ᢅཎ壂ᄅਙ¹³ᐙ᥼ۖಐஇ

13 ᢅཎ壂ᄅਙࢬ൅ࠐऱ׼ԫଡᐙ᥼Δ༉ਢᨃ׼؆ԫޅ଺ءലᖑڶ࿇ሒऱᇷء׌ᆠऱભഏီ੡٥ ข׌ᆠ଀ࡎᄵݩऱ್܌৸׌ᆠृଚΔߠᢝࠩᇷء׌ᆠऱႇࢤΖထټऱ್܌৸׌ᆠᆖᛎᖂ୮Paul Sweezy ܛڇπThe Theory of Capitalist Developmentρԫ஼խܡࡳመ࢓෻ᓵ୮ࢬ׌്ऱņᇷء׌ᆠ سขֱڤലڂ੡ྤऄ܌ࣚ࿇୶؈ᓳࡉ௣၄լߩऱٲᖲۖഽᑭऱቃ๻Ιઌ֘ऱΔהٵრ້஑ཎ׌ᆠ ࢬ׌്ऱņഏ୮եቃऱਙ࿜ലڶܗ࣍০ഏ׌ᆠփຝऱ᡹ࡳΖڂڼΔᇷء׌ᆠऱ່ึഽᑭ࠷ެ࣍؆

ऱषᄎ᤻Δ٥ข᤻ڂψ֘ऄ۫ཎ໵ឤωऱݮွۖܮ֧๺ڍՠԳࡉवᢝ։՗Ζྥۖ

ړནլ९ΔᙟထรԲڻ׈੺ՕᖏΕᖏ৵ऱ᜗ዊᆖᛎፖຽ׬ᙔ׌ᆠऱᘋฐΔլႛࠌ

൓٥ข᤻ᔡࠩᄤᄰࢤऱధᡏΔٍࠌ൓್܌৸׌ᆠၞԵೖዩፖᇞ᧯ཚΖ

ԫ԰քϤڣזॣཚ್܌৸׌ᆠڇ֘။ᖏऱ௡ᑪႝ֏Հ٦৫༚ᘋΔ๺ڍૹ૞ऱ ઔߒထ܂ઃڇڼழཚנठΔࠡխ່ડנऱԿՕᏆ഑։ܑਢભഏ׾Εᆖᛎᖂፖᄅؐ

੔Ζભഏ׾ऱຝ։Ծױ٦Ղᄩ۟ԫ԰նϤڣז৖ཎൈ߬Օᖂऱ William A.

WilliamsΔհ৵ঞڶ࣍ԫ԰քԿڣנठऱπঅښ׌ᆠऱ໏ܓρऱ܂ृ Gabriel KolkoΔא֗࣍ 1968 ڣנठऱπ۞ط׌ᆠഏ୮խऱٞᄐ෻࢚ρऱ܂ृ James WeinsteinΖהଚא್܌৸׌ᆠऱ෻ᓵ੡ഗ៕Δᐉီભഏऱ۞ط׌ᆠᖵ׾Δ༼ࠎԱ լٵ࣍ࠡה׾ᖂ୮ऱီߡΖڇᆖᛎᖂֱ૿Δૉਊᅃ McLellan ऱေᏝΔঞਢભഏ ᖂृኙ್܌৸׌ᆠऱ෻ᓵ່ڶᗑ໌ࢤಥ᣸֭נΔࠀא Paul Baran ੡ז।Ζהኙψᆖ ᛎໍ塒ڇ࿇ሒᇷء׌ᆠխऱ܂شωא֗ψᡐឰࢤᇷء׌ᆠωऱᤜᠲၞ۩෡ࠥऱઔ ߒΔࠀࣹრࠩรԿ׈੺հլ࿇ሒإਢֱ۫ഏ୮൓א࿇୶ऱഗ៕ΖBaran ٵழٍਐ נψᇷءषᄎխऱᡓՕໍ塒׽౨ൕ૨၄ऱ֭ࢬ౛ጐΔؘࠡྥ࿨࣠ਢᖄી০ഏ׌

ᆠΔאֲ֗墿ᏺ९ऱᖏञױ౨ࢤωΖຍࠄ׌്ڇ್܌৸׌ᆠઔߒᇙ֧ದᐖՕಱ᥼Δ

ٍڶ๺ڍઔߒृࢭ᦭ຍࠄᤜᠲ೚ޓၞԫޡऱ൶ಘΖΰMcLellan, 2008aΚ335-336, 341-342α

Herbert Marcuseঞ੡ψᄅؐ੔ωऱז।ࢤԳढΔࠡထ܂π໢ٻ৫ऱԳρܛ੡

ᄅؐ੔৸უऱᜍᐙΖהኙ࣍ભഏषᄎխऱ۞ط׌ᆠၞ۩Ա෡ࠥऱޅܒΔ׌്ψڇ ԫଡᚘ૰ࢤऱᖞ᧯֭಻հՀΔ۞طױא๯᠏᧢ګൎڶԺऱอएՠࠠΖωΰMcLellan, 2008aΚ340α܀הࢬ܂ऱޅܒא֗༼נψՠԳၸ్ፖ٣ၞऱᇷء׌ᆠၞ۩࿨ዌࢤ

࿨ٽऱ෻ᓵωΔࠃኔՂإᑑ፾ऱהࢬࢭ᦭ऱ್ֱ۫܌৸׌ᆠႚอΔܛ෻ᓵፖ෼ኔ ऱๅᆏΖΰAnderson, 1979Κ34αڂڼΔڇભഏࢬ࿇୶ऱᄅؐ੔ᅝྥՈๅᠦլԱຍ ᑌऱႚอΖլመΔլٵ࣍א࢓ऱ್܌৸׌ᆠऱم໱Δᄅؐ੔լ׽੡ՠԳ࿇ᜢΔޓ

ࠐऱڂైΔࠏڕᤕᜤ࿛ഏऱտԵΔթڶױ౨ࠌભഏࡉؓመྀࠩषᄎ׌ᆠΖΰAnderson, 1979Κ23α

੡ࢬڶ๯ᚘ૰ऱᆢ᧯࿇ᜢΙࠀڂ࿨ٽԱፖྤਙࢌ׌ᆠઌᣂຑऱٺጟ壆ڕᡖጊᓵѧ ѧԳሐ׌ᆠΕଡԳ׌ᆠΕഄ֨׌ᆠΕਬጟژڇ׌ᆠΕ֘ՠᄐ֏࿛࿛׌്Δא֗壆 ڕܮ੅ፖࢤᇞ࣋ऱس੒ֱڤΔۖ࠹ࠩႚอऱ್܌৸׌ᆠृऱඈ؞Ζ

ઌኙႚอ್܌৸׌ᆠۖߢΔᄅؐ੔ޓ࠹ࠩC. Wright Millsऱᐙ᥼Δהאψᆢ

᧯ဍ૎ωऱᄗ࢚࠷זመװऱψอएၸ్ωᄗ࢚Δࠀ׊ܡࡳψ࿇ሒᇷء׌ᆠषᄎऱ ՠԳၸ్ਢᖵ׾ऱ׌୬Δࢨृ੷۟ਢ່ૹ૞ऱ׌୬ԺၦωΙ್܌৸׌ᆠऱᐙ᥼ঞ

ႛࠐ۞࣍طE. Frommࢬᇭᤩऱॹڣ್܌৸ࢬ᤭࿇ऱฆ֏ᄗ࢚Ζۖॹڣฆ֏ऱᄗ࢚

ڇભഏऱ್܌৸׌ᆠઔߒխנ෼ΔإࡅᚨԱψ್ֱ۫܌৸׌ᆠωऱ෻ᓵ׌്Ζ܀

್ֱ۫܌৸׌ᆠऱ࿇୶ޓڰΔ࣍ԫ԰ԲϤڣז༉נ෼ڇᑛ੊խຝΕ۫ຝፖতຝΔ ࠀאൎᓳԳऱ׌᧯ࢤࡉၸ్რᢝΕୃᖂፖ֮ᢌ¹⁴Δፖᅝழ׌୬ؐ੔ऱ٨ኑΕ׾ሒ

ࣥΕؒশࣥ࿛ᤕᜤᏆᖄԳࢬ׌ᖄऱრᢝীኪઌݼᘝΖΰੋᥱᐚΔ1996bΚ7αྥۖΔ ຍᑌၲ࣋ࢤऱ෻ᓵહནࠌ൓ᄅؐ੔౒׎٥ٵऱؾᑑΔڂۖڇհ৵๯ؾᑑለ੡ࣔᒔ ऱڮ੔ፖֻ੔ࢬ࠷זΖ

ྥۖΔᙟထભഏ۞။ত኶૨Δא֗ᖂሎऱިഭΔ್܌৸׌ᆠऱ࿇୶ٍᇿထ܅

ᆵՀࠐΔܛࠌԫ԰Ԯ؄ڣམڶ࿍ᑉऱ༚ྼΔࠀૹعψޓ٤૿چ෻ᇞᇷء׌ᆠࠫ৫ ऱ೯Ժࡉᆖ್ࠢ܌৸׌ᆠऱ෻ᓵഗ៕ऱૹ૞ࢤωΔ܀սྤऄࠌ൓್܌৸׌ᆠڇભ ഏᘋฐದࠐΖΰMcLellan, 2008aΚ336-339α

ኙ್࣍܌৸׌ᆠΰࢨृޓᐖऑچᎅਢषᄎ׌ᆠαڇભഏ੡۶ྤऄᘋฐΔ֧ದ Ա๺ڍಘᓵΖઔߒڼᤜᠲ່ထټऱᖂृܛᐚഏऱ Werner SombartΔהਐנભഏឈ

ྥڶࠟଡषᄎ׌ᆠਙ᤻Δ܀ࠡഗ៕ઌᅝᜳஇΔۖ׊ભഏՠԳࢬॾ࡚ऱषᄎ׌ᆠΔ ਢլٵ࣍ᑛ੊߷ጟࠠڶ್܌৸׌ᆠ௽ᐛऱषᄎ׌ᆠΖڂ੡ભഏՠԳኙ෼ኔس੒ࠀ

ྤլየΔڂۖլࠠໂᑛ੊ՠԳڂၸ్რᢝۖسऱൣፃΖΰSombart, 1976Κ16-18α ભഏءՒऱᖂृ Louis Hartz ኙ࣍ၸ్რᢝऱ౒׎ڶޓ෡ࠥऱᇞᤩΖהਐנૉൕ

14 ຍᑌऱ׌്Δڶழᄎ๯ီ੡ਢԫጟԳሐऱ್܌৸׌ᆠΖ

ᑛ੊ऱᆖ᧭ࠐ઎Δᅝ۞ط׌ᆠृሖࠩܺቼழܛᄎ᠏ٻषᄎ׌ᆠ༈ޣ෻ᓵՂऱബ ಜΔ܀ભഏথآנ෼ຍᑌऱ᠏ٻΔ௅ءऱ଺ڂܛנڇભഏፖᑛ੊ڶထլԫᑌऱದ រΔભഏ౒׎៱ڶ৞৬षᄎऱહནΔڂڼભഏऱ۞ط׌ᆠਢ۞ྥݮګऱΔլਢא

֘৞৬੡ದរΔۖ֘৞৬ऱრᢝإਢၸ్რᢝݮګऱૹ૞යٙΖΰHartz, 1955Κ 233-235αઌኙऱΔભഏՠԳᖑڶထᑛ੊ՠԳࢬ౒֟ऱფഏ׌ᆠൣፃΔڂڼڇྤ

ขृܛല࠹ࠩᓢᚰऱழଢΔऄ۫ཎ׌ᆠ༉ᄎאψભഏ׌ᆠωऱ૿ᎎڇભഏषᄎ࠷

൓׌ᖄऱԺၦΔڂۖඈೈԱषᄎ׌ᆠ࠷൓໏ܓऱױ౨ࢤΖΰHartz, 1955Κ279α

٦ृΔભഏऱਙएࠫ৫๻ૠٍᚘލԱรԿ᤻࿇୶ऱ़ၴΔࠏڕڍᑇז।ࠫܛ ࠌ൓ֆاլᣋრലᙇปދ࿯ᛧ໏ᖲ෷ለ՛ऱรԿ᤻ΙۖᖑڶႂদತԺ׊ᖵ׾ةՆ ऱࠟՕ᤻ڇ޲ڶრᢝݮኪץာՀΔ౨ജ᎘࣐ऱܮگรԿ᤻ऱਙ࿜Δ੷۟ጻᢅהଚ ऱԳթΖ܀ڇڼٵழΔګᑵऱا׌ࠫ৫থࠌ൓ՠԳױא៶ط۩ࠌֆاᦞΔࠌࠡᏁ ޣࡉ׌്ᛧ൓የߩΔ੷۟ᝫڶᖲᄎᛧ൓ֆ៭אᘣ۞ኔᔌࠡ෻უΖΰSombart, 1976Κ 29-58αՈڂ੡ຍᑌΔભഏऱषᄎ׌ᆠࡎሎፖψ۞ط׌ᆠޏ଀ωऱࡎሎጹയઌຑΔ ࠀࠠ᧯ऱ।෼ڇ壆ڕᢅཎ壂ψᄅਙωऱਙ࿜।෼ՂΔၞۖࠌ൓๯ܮگߨ๺ڍਙ࿜

׌്ऱषᄎ׌ᆠਙ᤻ດዬ௣ՋΖΰHartz, 1955Κ228-229, 277-283αڼ؆Δڂ੡ढ ᔆᏁޣ൓ࠩየߩۖኙᇷء׌ᆠࢬ਍ڶऱړტΔࠀ׊ᎁ੡۞աፖႄ׌ࠀॺኙمऱᣂ এΔڶࠄԳ੷۟ᝫࠠڶ۔ចऱ৸ፂΖΰSombart, 1976Κ18-22αԾط࣍޲ڶᑛ੊

৞৬ࠫ৫ऱᖵ׾હནΔભഏՠԳऱषᄎچۯઌኙለ೏Δ࠹ࠩႄ׌ߜړऱᅃ᥽ፖ༇

ૹΔڂڼլႛլᎁ੡۞աਢ᥆࣍ψՀᐋၸ్ωΔ׊ࠡઠထᜰַٍݮٵᑛ੊ऱխข ၸ్੷۟ਢ၆ගၸ్Ζ່৵ΔהޓਐנΔܛࠌսྥژڇຝ։լየ෼उऱભഏՠԳΔ הଚՈڂ੡۫ຝࢷᕼऱᖲᄎΔ൓א᠏ߪګ੡۞ط׊ᗑمऱል໱׌ΔၞԫޡףԵᇷ ขၸ్ऱ۩٨ΖΰSombart, 1976Κ109-119αMcLellan ׼؆ᇖךԱፖ۫ຝࢷᕼٵᑌ ૹ૞ऱംᠲΔܛ਍ᥛൕ௧؆ྂԵऱฝاࠌ൓ભഏषᄎנ෼ጟග։֏ऱംᠲΔၞۖ

ॴᡶԱՠԳଚऱቸ࿨Δٍ࠷זၸ్ംᠲऱૹ૞ࢤΖΰMcLellan, 2008aΚ339-340α

ឈྥ್܌৸׌ᆠΔ੷۟ਢषᄎ׌ᆠΔڇભഏྤऄ࠷൓׌ᖄऱԺၦΔ܀ਢઌᣂ

ऱઔߒথآམೖᄢΖ२ڣࠐޓڂᖂृଚऱᗨᄕ೶ፖΔࠌ൓್܌৸׌ᆠऱઔߒૹ

֨Δດዬൕᑛ੊᠏ٻ૎ભΔࠡխ༓ଡઌᅝ࠹ࠩᣂࣹऱᤜᠲץਔΔؑ໱षᄎ׌ᆠΕ

։࣫ᓵऱ್܌৸׌ᆠΕ෻ࢤᙇᖗᓵऱ್܌৸׌ᆠΔא֗ڇ٤෺֏ऱᑪੌՀኙ࣍ભ ഏ০ഏ׌ᆠऱ֘ઊಘᓵΖؑ໱षᄎ׌ᆠᓵᠲऱขسΔ׌૞ਢࠐ۞ࣟᑛഏ୮ດዬࢹ ඵૠ྽ᆖᛎऱਙ࿜᠏ۖᏺףؑ໱ڇᆖᛎਙ࿜Ղऱ܂شΕ֣֩ৈ֛ऱޏ଀א֗խഏ

௽ۥषᄎ׌ᆠऱࠨᖿΖؑ໱षᄎ׌ᆠऱ׌്Ծױڂಘᓵྡྷរऱլٵۖ։੡ࠟᣊΚ

ࠡԫਢאܓᑮऱᄕՕ֏ࡉؓ࿛ऱ։಻੡ு֨ΔJohn Roemer ੡׌૞ז।Δࠀ༼נ Ꭼ۩ഏڶ֏ΕٞᄐٌطᎬ۩ΕՠԳࡉैป਍ڶԳ٥ٵࡡಜऱז෻Գᆖᛜጥ෻Εլ ౨ང࠷෼८׽౨ፖࠡהैปၞ۩ٌངऱ௽௘ैปؘႊؓ݁։಻࿯ޢଡֆاऱٺ ጟᄅࠫ৫׌്ΖࠡԲঞਢאՠԳኙسขᇷறऱጥ෻੡ૹរΔDavid Schweikart ੡

ࠡխ׌૞ז।Ζה༼נټ੡ψᆖᛎا׌ωऱᄅࠫ৫Δ׊ࠡഗ៕ؘႊ৬مڇՠԳኙ

ٞᄐऱ۞ݺጥ෻Εދᇷऱषᄎ൳ࠫΔא֗೸঴ࡉࣚ೭ऱؑ໱Ζຍࠄ׌്ឈྥᇞެ

Աᇷءፖ໎೯։ᠦऱؿએΔ܀ࠀآ܌ࣚषᄎ֏سขፖߏԳ۾ڶհၴऱؿએΔࠀ׊

ፖ್܌৸ࢬ׌്ऱਊᏁ૞։಻ऱ٥ข׌ᆠषᄎ଺ঞઌசᠦΖઌለհՀΔؑ໱षᄎ

׌ᆠऱ৸უለ੡൷२ψ։್࣫܌৸׌ᆠωΔࢨױאޓၞԫޡऱڂࠡאଡԳ׌ᆠ੡

ு֨ۖױ׼؆ጠ܂ऱψ෻ࢤᙇᖗऱ್܌৸׌ᆠωΖΰMcLellan, 2009Κ5-6α

ψ։್࣫܌৸׌ᆠω۞ԫ԰ԶϤڣזנ෼׊ฐ۩৵Δঁ๯ຝ։૎፿ߓഏ୮ऱ

್܌৸׌ᆠृ¹⁵ီ੡ԫጟૹ૞ऱွᐛΔܛהଚբᆖױאլ٦ࠉᘸᑛຬऱ෻ᓵΔۖ

ᗑم࿇୶נ۞աऱ෻ᓵ᧯ߓΖ܀ڶࠄᖂृঞլᎁ੡ψ։್࣫܌৸׌ᆠωױא๯ီ

੡ԫጟᄅऱ෻ᓵΔ੷۟Ոլ౨ጠ܂ਢԫጟᄅऱᖂ੔ࢨሎ೯Δۖႛႛ׽ਢԫጟ෼۩

ઔߒऱ෼ွΔࠀ׊ױאڂ੡լٵ܂ृऱઔߒຜஉΕઔߒֱऄፖઔߒ׼ڶܑጠΖࠏ ڕψ໑৭ᓵ್܌৸׌ᆠωΕψᄅײ್ࠢ܌৸׌ᆠωΔࢨਢψ෻ࢤᙇᖗऱ್܌৸׌ᆠωΖ Ո༉ਢᎅΔ։್࣫܌৸׌ᆠऱઔߒृࠀآڶอԫऱு֨ॾ࢚Δ੷۟ຑઔߒຜஉՈ

15 ឈྥ։್࣫܌৸׌ᆠऱઔߒլ׽ਢנ෼ڇ૎፿ߓഏ୮Δ܀ਢՕીՂਢא૎ഏΕભഏΕףஞՕΕ ᖾՕܓࠅΔא֗ో۫ᥞ੡׌૞چ೴Δࠀ׊࠹ࠩຍࠄഏ୮ऱᖵ׾֮֏ऱᐙ᥼ΖΰWare & Nielsen, 2002Κ26α

ڶထઌᅝՕऱ஁ฆΖψ։࣫ωԫဲঞਢڂ್܌৸׌ᆠ࠹ࠩψ։࣫ୃᖂωऱᣂࣹۖ

൓ࠩΔהଚ׌്ψ൶ಘ್܌৸׌ᆠऱԳאᄗ࢚ࣔཐΕᓵᢞᣤ᠃ຍᑌऱ೏ᑑᄷ܂੡

૞ޣ۞աऱԫጟֱڤωΔࠀ׊լٵ࣍א࢓್܌৸׌ᆠፋྡྷڇᖞ᧯ऱઔߒΔ։್࣫

܌৸׌ᆠऱઔߒृޓ੡ᣂࣹาᆏΖڂڼΔהଚڇᇞዌݛᨠ෻ᓵࡉጼᏆࢤ৙ߢΔא

֗෻ࢤᐉܒڶञᤜࢤऱ෻ᓵছ༼ֱࠟ૿Δڶထԫࠄ؆੺ᎁױऱګ༉ΖྥۖΔઌኙ

࣍ୃᖂ୮Δ܂੡։್࣫܌৸׌ᆠऱषᄎઝᖂ୮ΔࠏڕRoemerޓൎᓳऱਢሎشψ෼

ז᧤ᙀΕᑇᖂא֗৬ᑓऱՠࠠωΔࠀ׊ࢴ࿪ࠌش᥯ᢞऄΕಱᝩ໎೯ᏝଖᓵΔۖޓ

੡ൎᓳאֱऄᓵऱଡԳ׌ᆠ੡ഗ៕ऱ෻ࢤᙇᖗ෻ᓵΖլመΔڇהଚຍᑌൎᓳऱٵ ழΔՈإᑑقထהଚբᆖీ್ࠩ܌৸׌ᆠऱኙم૿ՂΖΰWare & Nielsen, 2002Κ 1-45α

່२Δ٤෺֏ऱᤜᠲঞ੡್܌৸׌ᆠृᄅऱྡྷរΖឈྥᖂृଚኙ࣍ψ٤෺֏ω ऱࡳᆠ๕಑ԫਢΖଈ٣ΔՕၦऱאᖞଡ׈੺੡ᒤ໮८ᘜؑ໱੒೯Δࠌ൓ٺഏਙࢌ

ᦞԺᜍ՛ΖࠡڻΔڇሀഏֆ׹ऱᦀ࿜ՀΔ׈੺၉࣐Օ๵ᑓᏺףΔݮګԫ᧯֏سข ࡉ։಻᧯ߓΖ٦ࠡڻΔሽီཏ֗Εᇷಛݾ๬༼೏Εሽᆰጻሁऱ࿇ࣔΕܛழຑ࿮׈

੺ٺچऱሽ՗ຏಛݾ๬ۖലԳଚऱس੒़ၴ᧢ݮΕᚘᜍΔຍࠄ࿇୶ڇڇຟធࣔچ

༼ᙌΔψ٤෺֏ωࠠڶऱటኔࢤፖࠡၴൎ௺ऱژڇტΖڼ؆Δ٤෺ࢤऱؑ໱ٍܗ ९ԫഏփຝፖഏ୮հၴऱլؓ࿛Δ૰ࠌԳଚૹᄅ৸ە್܌৸ڇπ٥ข᤻৙ߢρᇙ ऱቃߢ¹⁶ፖࠡ෻ᓵΔࠡխ່ࠠז।ࢤऱԳढܛMichael HardtࡉAntonio NegriΖה

16 ຍଡቃߢਢຍᏖᎅऱΚسขऱլឰ᧢଀Δԫ֊षᄎणउլೖऱ೯ᛯΔة᎛ऱլڜࡳࡉ᧢೯Δ ຍ༉ਢᇷขၸ్ழזլٵ࣍መװԫ֊ழזऱچֱΖԫ֊ࡐࡳऱᏜ֏ऱᣂএא֗ፖհઌᔞᚨऱڂై

๯༇ശऱᨠ࢚ࡉߠᇞຟ๯௣ೈԱΔԫ֊ᄅݮګऱᣂএ࿛լࠩࡐࡳՀࠐ༉ຫ៱ԱΖԫ֊࿛్ऱࡉࡐ

ࡳऱࣟ۫ຟᄿ௣ႆཋԱΔԫ֊壀ᆣऱࣟ۫ຟ๯ᝈេԱΖԳଚึ࣍լ൓լشܐᙩऱณ٠ࠐ઎הଚऱ س੒چۯΕהଚऱઌյᣂএΖլឰឩՕข঴ᔭሁऱᏁ૞Δᦀࠌᇷขၸ్࡞ߨ࣍٤෺ٺچΖ،ؘႊ

ࠩ๠ᆵ֪Δࠩ๠ၲ࿇Δࠩ๠৬مᜤᢀΖᇷขၸ్Δط࣍ၲࢷԱ׈੺ؑ໱Δࠌԫ֊ഏ୮ऱسขࡉ௣

၄ຟګ੡׈੺ࢤऱԱΖࠌ֘೯੔Օ੡ൟ൦ऱਢΔᇷขၸ్ਉൾԱՠᄐᆬՀऱاගഗ៕Ζײ۔ऱا ගՠᄐ๯௣ᄰԱΔࠀ׊ޢ֚ຟᝫڇ๯௣ᄰΖ،ଚ๯ᄅऱՠᄐඈᚲൾԱΔᄅऱՠᄐऱ৬مբᆖګ੡

ԫ֊֮ࣔاගऱسࡎޑᣂऱംᠲΙຍࠄՠᄐࢬףՠऱΔբᆖլਢءچऱ଺றΔۖਢࠐ۞ᄕࠡ᎟᎛

ऱچ೴ऱ଺றΙ،ଚऱข঴լႛࠎءഏ௣၄Δۖ׊ٵழࠎ׈੺ٺچ௣၄Ζ៱ऱΕᔾഏփข঴ࠐየ ߩऱᏁ૞Δ๯ᄅऱΕ૞ᔾᄕࠡ᎟᎛ऱഏ୮ࡉچ൅ऱข঴ࠐየߩऱᏁ૞ࢬזཙԱΖመװ߷ጟچֱऱ ࡉاගऱ۞࿯۞ߩࡉຨᣂ۞ښणኪΔ๯ٺاගऱٺֱ૿ऱյઌ࢓ࠐࡉٺֱ૿ऱյઌࠉᘸࢬזཙ ԱΖΰኴᙕ۞խ್֮܌৸׌ᆠ֮஄http://www.marxists.org/chinese/Marx/01.htmα

ଚ઎ࠩԱભഏڇ٤෺֏ࢬފዝऱߡۥΔࠀ׊৙ܫاගഏ୮ऱึ࿨Δא֗ભഏ০ഏ

׌ᆠอएழזऱၲࡨΖ܀הଚऱᓵ૪ፖࠡᎅਢࠐ۞್࣍܌৸׌ᆠऱΔլڕᎅޓቝ

ྤਙࢌ׌ᆠΔڂ੡ઌኙ࣍ႚอऱ್܌৸׌ᆠലψᆖᛎᣂএω઎܂ਢԳᣊᇞ࣋ऱ׌

૞ᎽᡶΔψਙࢌᦞԺωኙהଚۖߢթਢ່׌૞ऱॴԺΖΰMcLellan, 2009Κ7-9α

ಃΟ࿯ ύ୯ᏢᆶଭլࡘЬကࣴزޑ่ӝ

ڇᤕᜤ৅؀Δࣟᑛ٥ขਙᦞ౑౑ઌᚨଙዏऱٵழΔխഏऱ٥ขਙᦞՈ࠹ࠩઌ ᅝՕऱᓢᚰΖܦد՞ܛאֺለਙएᆖᛎऱઔߒֱऄΔࠀආ࠷ࠫ৫։࣫ຜஉΔലխ ഏऱψषᄎ׌ᆠؑ໱ᆖᛎωΕᤕᜤऱψૹ৬ωࡉंᥞऱψᔼᛯए᛭ωၞ۩ֺለ։

࣫Δ࿇෼ؑ໱षᄎ׌ᆠऱขᦞ࿨ዌא֗ຏຄᘉ࿾ऱᚘԺឈྥڇԿଡഏ୮ຟנ෼Δ

܀ڂ੡ਙᦞীኪፖኔᔆߏڶ֏ऱ࿓৫լٵΔࠌ൓խഏࡉंᥞऱᆖᛎຟ౨᡹ࡳ࿇

୶Δխഏऱ٥ขਙᦞ੷۟ᝫڂڼڇ᠏ীխژ੒ՀࠐΖઌኙऱΔהᎁ੡ᤕᜤথڂ੡

ྤऄ๠෻༞ࢤຏຄᘉ࿾ۖࠌ൓ޏ଀ྤऄ਍ᥛΔլႛਙࢌ৅؀Δᖞଡഏ୮ऱᆖᛎٍ

࠹ࠩઌᅝՕऱᓢᚰΖΰܦد՞Δ1996Κ2-3αຍᑌലխഏऱ٥ขਙᦞ܂੡ֺለऱூ

ࠏհԫΔאլٵऱઔߒֱऄࢬၞ۩ऱٺጟઔߒ۞ԫ԰ԶϤڣזঁբᆖດዬ࠹ࠩૹ

ီΔڇֺለਙएᖂᏆ഑խ੡ૹ૞ऱԫ֭ΖຍᑌऱઔߒᑓڤՈڇޓڰհছΔܛխഏ ٥ข᤻ឭๅᤕᜤऱ൳ࠫΔၲࡨ۞۩࿇ཀᐙ᥼ԺழΔٵᑌ࿇سڇ್܌৸׌ᆠઔߒ ᇙΖࠏڕ Mark Selden ឈྥٵᑌਢֺለᤕᜤፖխഏऱਙएᆖᛎޏ଀Δ܀הሎشऱ ਢ್܌৸׌ᆠऱᨠរΔ൶ಘࠟഏऱᆖᛎਙ࿜ΰ௽ܑਢ೯୉ڤႃ᧯׌ᆠαኙልا൅

ࠐ৻ᑌऱᐙ᥼Ε੡षᄎ׌ᆠऱ෻ᓵ൅ࠐ৻ᑌऱᄅᇭᤩΔא֗ኙ࣍ਙᦞऱإᅝࢤ൅

ࠐ৻ᑌऱய࣠ΖΰSeldenΔ1991Κ15-64α

ڼ؆ΔՈਢڂ੡षᄎ׌ᆠΕ٥ข׌ᆠڇٺଡषᄎᇙڶထլٵऱ࿇୶ΔڂۖԾ ݮګ׼ԫጟ๯ጠ܂ψ৵षᄎ׌ᆠωΕψ৵٥ข׌ᆠωऱᄅઔߒᑓڤΔ׌്լᚨނष ᄎ׌ᆠီ੡ԫጟ࣋壆؄௧ઃᄷًײլ᧢ऱట෻Δۖਢᚨᇠൕٺଡഏ୮լٵऱ֮֏

હནנ࿇Δψലषᄎ׌ᆠऱኔᔌፖءՒ֏Εاග֏ऱመ࿓࿨ٽڇԫದωΖڂڼΔष

ᄎ׌ᆠؘႊᓳᖞΕଥإࠡ෻࢚ࡉ৬ࠫΔאڂᚨլឰ᠏᧢ऱ෼ኔणउΖΰޕ૎ࣔΔ 1995bΚ85αৌᄅمΰ2004Κ178-212αᎁٵຍᑌऱᨠរΔࠀ׊ڇᇡาऱەኘխ ഏऱᆖᛎਙ࿜ΕრᢝীኪΕਙᦞऱ৬مፖᕁࡐ࿛ֱ૿৵Δਐנխഏԫၲࡨਢൕπ٥ ข᤻৙ߢρࡉπୂሒጼᏆޅܒρऱψխڣ್܌৸ω৸უנ࿇Δ಻ٽ٨ኑऱψ៭ᄐ

଀ࡎ୮᤻ω෻ᓵΔ۞۩࿇୶נԫ୚ᔞٽխഏഏൣऱ್٨׌ᆠΔ௽ܑਢψषᄎ׌ᆠ

ॣ్ၸ੄ωऱ෻ᓵޓਢᐙ᥼Ահ৵խഏਙएᆖᛎޏ଀ऱփ୲Δۖ੡್܌৸׌ᆠ෻

ᓵՂऱԫଡᄅऱ࿇୶Ζ

ψ್܌৸׌ᆠխഏ֏ઔߒωঞ੡ڼᣊীઔߒऱԫ֭Δۖ੡խഏᖂઔߒࡉ್܌

৸׌ᆠઔߒऱٌᄎរΖ௅ᖕխഏᖂृऱᖞ෻Δڇભഏၞ۩ຍᑌߒऱᖂृץܶ

Maurice MeisnerΕBenjamin I. SchwartzΕStuart R. SchramΕFrederic WakemanΕ Brantly WomackΕArif DirlikΕJohn Bryan StarrΕTang TsouΕRaymond F. WylieΕ Rachel Walkeא֗ԫ԰ԶϤڣזઔߒխ֨ٻᖾ੊᠏ฝ৵ऱૹ૞ᖂृNick KnightΖ ຍࠄᖂृආش֮ءᇞᦰࡉୃᖂຘီऱֱऄΔ໮៥ထ್܌৸׌ᆠഗء଺෻ፖխഏࠠ

᧯ኔᎾ࿨ٽऱ׌ᠲၞ۩ઔߒΔאො።რᢝݮኪΕᖂ๬৸უΕاၴ֮֏Կଡᐋ૿Δ ࠀᦖਔ್܌৸׌ᆠխഏ֏ऱഗءփොΕኔ෼ীڤΕז।ԳढΕᖵ׾ၞ࿓࿛؄ଡֱ

૿Ζΰ്ᙩΕ⣗஼ܩΔ2008Κ80-81α܀ೈԱՂ૪ᖂृΔࡸڶThomas SheldonΕVictor LipitΕRoderick MacfarquharΕRichard PfefferΕAndrew WalderΕJohn G. GurleyΕ David E. ApterΕTony SaichΕFranz Schurman࿛Գ¹⁷ΖۖMaurice Meisnerܛਢለڰ ڇຍᑌऱહན౧࿮խၞ۩խഏઔߒΔࠀ׊ڇભഏψ್܌৸׌ᆠխഏ֏ઔߒωխ۾

ڶૹ૞ऱچۯΖ

17 ټ໢ᖞ෻۞ᄵ੓ᄨτֻᖻࣟऱ್܌৸׌ᆠխഏ֏υΔא֗ᘕ࢏խࢬᒳऱπ؆ഏᖂृေֻᖻࣟρ

؄ם஼Ζ܀ڼٝټ໢ᝫڶࠄ౒ዥΔࠏڕPeter Van NessፖDorothy Solingerܛآ๯ץܶڇփΖ

ಃ㡌ക!!!!ҔଭլࡘЬကቪύ୯ޑቃҁˇNfjtofs ޑύ୯ࣴ

ز!

ీڇխഏᖂፖ್܌৸׌ᆠऱٌᄎរΔMeisner ऱխഏઔߒױᎅਢݙ٤ሎش್

܌৸׌ᆠऱ෻ᓵ௃ਮࠐၞ۩ΔࠡխԾאֻᖻࣟ੡ࠡઔߒऱૹរΔኙֻ࣍ᖻࣟऱ৸ უፖ܂੡ຟڶ෡ࠥऱ෻ᇞፖᇭᤩΔ௽ܑਢπֻᖻࣟऱխഏ֗ࠡ৵ѧխဎԳا٥ࡉ ഏ׾ρԫ஼ࠌ൓ Meisner ࠆᥩխ۫ΔڂۖڇխഏઔߒՂ۾ڶԫஂհچΖઌለհ ՀΔط࣍ Meisner ऱ್܌৸׌ᆠઌᣂઔߒࠀլڍΔኙ್࣍܌৸׌ᆠᖂ๬षᆢऱ ᐙ᥼Ժঞઌኙለ՛ΖྥۖΔط࣍ Meisner ऱխഏઔߒՕၦሎشԱ್܌৸׌ᆠऱ

෻ᓵࠐᇭᤩխഏऱ٥ข଀ࡎፖᝬٻ٥ข׌ᆠመ࿓խऱኔᔌᆖ᧭Δڂۖၴ൷೶ፖࠩ

್܌৸׌ᆠ९ڣאࠐऱञᓵΔܛᣂ࣍ᇷء׌ᆠլ࿇ሒഏ୮ऱ଀ࡎױ౨ࢤΕ଀ࡎ৵ षᄎ׌ᆠ੷۟ਢ٥ข׌ᆠऱ૿ᎎΔא֗Ղᐋ৬ᗰፖഗ៕հၴऱᣂএ࿛ᓰᠲΔڂڼ Meisnerኙ್࣍܌৸׌ᆠऱᖂ๬षᆢլྤಥ᣸Ζਚءີലאπֻᖻࣟऱխഏ֗ࠡ

৵ΚխဎԳا٥ࡉഏ׾ρΰMao's China and after : a history of the People's Republicα ԫ஼ऱᖵ׾ழݧ੡׌ၗΔࠀאπޕՕಿፖխഏ್܌৸׌ᆠऱᄭದρΰLi Ta-Chao and the Origins of Chinese MarxismαΕπ್܌৸׌ᆠΕֻᖻࣟ׌ᆠፖ௻ڮ߶׌ᆠρ ΰMarxism, Maoism and UtopianismαΕπᔥ՛ؓழזΚኙխഏषᄎ׌ᆠࡎሎऱ൶༛

ΰ1978-1994αρΰThe Deng Xiaoping era : an inquiry into the fate of Chinese socialism, 1978-1994αΔא֗ᄅנठऱπֻᖻࣟհਙएፖवᢝऱቹቝρΰMao Zedong:

A Political and Intellectual PortraitαΔፖཋᆵڇլٵऱཚעΔ٦ףՂૉեጻሁऱ֮

ີփ୲੡ᇖךΔᖞ෻ Meisner ऱխഏઔߒփ୲Δፖהڇထ܂խࢬሎشࠩऱ್܌

ཎΕ஑௑ཎΕڮ੖ཎഗΕ٨ኑΕֻᖻࣟ࿛Գऱ෻ᓵΔࠀലڇ՛࿨խ᜔࿨ Meisner ऱ௽௘ᓵរΖ

ಃ΋࿯ʳ !ॠڮਔයޑύ୯!

Meisnerรԫءᣂ࣍խഏ२ז׾ऱထ܂ΔਢπޕՕಿፖխഏ್܌৸׌ᆠऱᄭ ದρΖޕՕಿլႛਢMeisnerઔߒխഏ್܌৸׌ᆠऱ෻ᓵፖኔᔌऱದរΔޕՕಿኙ Meisnerۖߢٍ੡խഏ್܌৸׌ᆠ෻ᓵऱૹ૞ದរհԫΖהᎁ੡ޕՕಿז।ထԫ

԰ԲϤ۟ԫ԰ԿϤڣזऱխഏवᢝٝ՗Δ௽ܑਢڇᣂ࣍ܮگΕሎشΕ᠏֏؆ࠐऱ

෻ᓵא૿ኙխഏփ؆ٌ૰ऱ༞٭ᛩቼ࿛ֱ૿ΖಾኙޕՕಿ࠹ࠩ঎ഏاጰ׌ᆠፖྤ

ਙࢌ׌ᆠऱᐙ᥼Δലࠟृፖ್܌৸׌ᆠ࿨ٽದࠐऱᨠរΔMeisner៶א᤭ᤩاጰ

׌ᆠፖྤਙࢌ׌ᆠڇ࢓৵խഏ್܌৸׌ᆠऱ෻ᓵፖኔᔌխࢬފዝऱૹ૞چۯ

18Ζڇπֻᖻࣟऱխഏ֗ࠡ৵ΚխဎԳا٥ࡉഏ׾ρԫ஼խΔMeisnerٍ࢏ᥛຍᑌ ऱᨠរΔਐנޕՕಿΕຫᗑߐ࣍ԫ԰Բԫڣ໌مխഏ٥ข᤻Δإז।ထխഏႚอ ऱچ׌ࡴቛဍ૎ऱ৵ᇔኙႚอऱ֘ধΔၞۖݮګᄅऱΕլז।៱षᄎٚ۶ၸ్

ऱΖהଚψवᢝٝ՗ၸ్ωΔڇᆖᖵԫ԰ԫ԰ڣՅዿ᝛ࡉપऱᓢᚰۖኙ۞ط׌ᆠ

֤ᄰऱၸ੄৵Δދٻ್܌৸׌ᆠऱᡖࣄΖྥۖΔMeisnerՈࣹრࠩΔຍᆢᄅၸ్

ኙ್܌৸׌ᆠऱॾٛኔᎾՂਢנ۞࣍اග׌ᆠΔݦඨ៶ڼਓඑխഏΔۖፖ್܌৸

׌ᆠऱഏᎾ׌ᆠփ୲ࡉؾᑑڶထ௅ءऱؿએΖ܀խഏऱ್܌৸׌ᆠृথآ๯ຍᑌ ऱؿએࢬܺ༝Δ֘ۖലاග׌ᆠ܂੡଀ࡎऱՠࠠΔࠡխԾאֻᖻࣟሎشऱ່੡נ ۥΖ܀ֻᖻࣟࠀॺԫၲࡨ༉࠷൓׌ᖄ٥ข᤻ऱۯᆜΔۖਢ૞ࠩ٥ข᤻ڇԫ԰Կ؄

ڣᔡ࠹ഏا᤻رᇞۖ๯૰୶ၲψ९࢔ω৵Δթດዬ࠷൓ᏆᖄچۯΖ

ԫၲࡨ׌ᖄ٥ข᤻ऱΔਢطᤕᜤࢬᏆᖄऱ٥ขഏᎾΖMeisner ਐנڇ঎ഏ଀

ࡎऱګפᆖ᧭ՀΔխഏ٥ข᤻๯ਐقᚨ٣ല଀ࡎૻࠫڇᇷขၸ్଀ࡎၸ੄Δڂڼ

ؘႊፖഏا᤻ٽ܂Δ٣ኔ෼اගอԫࡉഏ୮ᗑمऱؾᑑΖ܀ഏا᤻থ׽।૿چݙ

18 Arif DirlikֺMeisnerޓൎᓳྤਙࢌ׌ᆠኙ࣍ޕՕಿऱ܂شΔࠀ׊ᔆጊMeisnerᎁ੡ޕՕಿലྤ

ਙࢌ׌ᆠ܂੡ଥإ್܌৸׌ᆠऱছ༼אᔞᚨխഏषᄎऱ઎ऄΖ܀ྤᓵਢMeisnerᝫਢDirlikऱ઎

ऄΔઃឆܶޕՕಿኙ್܌৸׌ᆠऱഗءᖂᎅژڇထᎄᇞऱ೗๻ΖኙڼΔ׆᎛ᆠᇢቹૹᄅᓵᢞޕՕ

ಿኙ್࣍܌৸׌ᆠࠀྤᎄᇞհ๠Δ֘ۖڂ੡ኙ׈੺ᇷء׌ᆠ࿇୶ፖխഏ଀ࡎऱ੐ߠΔۖψ၌။(ࢨ ጠሔહ)್܌৸׌ᆠΔ׌്խഏᅝՀֹႊ࿛ଢᇷء׌ᆠऱ࿇୶ፖګᑵΔױאΕᚨᅝمܛၞ۩٥ข

଀ࡎऱ෻طፖؘ૞ࢤωΖΰ׆᎛ᆠΔ2001Κ479-480α

ګছ૪ؾᑑΔآၞԫޡ࿇୶ᇷء׌ᆠΔ֘ۖᄕԺፂ਍෼णאየߩࠠڶچ׌דำߪ

։ऱ֭਍ृΖٵழΔٍ୶ၲᄤᄰ٥ข᤻ऱ۩೯Δۖ٥ข᤻ঞ੡ԱࣚൕᤕᜤऱਐقΔ ᚘލۖॺ࿨ٽᅝழբڶᓒড࿇୶ऱᆢฒሎ೯Δ່৵ڇԫ԰ԲԮڣᔡࠩ༓׏๯ኻᄤ ऱ࿨࣠Ζ܀Ոڂڼࠌ൓խഏ٥ข᤻ԳᎁᢝΔࠩᤕᜤࠀॺ଀ࡎཕᐝऱഄԫࠐᄭΔ۞

աᚨᇠঅڶਙएࡉ૨ࠃՂऱᗑمࢤΙ್٨ႚอ෻ᓵࠀլݙ٤ᔞش࣍խഏΔ௽ܑਢ ልاڇ଀ࡎխࢬ౨ފዝऱߡۥࢨ๺ڇխഏᄎڶլԫᑌऱᏣءΖ

Meisner ᨠኘࠩΔྲྀ塒ऱ٥ข᤻։ါګࠟՕೄᛜΔԫ੡ֻᖻࣟፖڹᐚᏆᖄΔ אልޘ੡଀ࡎ௅ᖕچऱሁᒵΙ׼ԫঞਢս൷࠹ᤕᜤऱਐقΔݦඨڇৄؑૹᄅ࿇୶

଀ࡎऱሁᒵΔ܀ڇԫ԰ԿϤڣࢍኧࢍ؈ඓΔ່৵ٍ᠏ԵልޘΖֻᖻࣟڇնڣ৵ڂ

੡ഏا᤻ऱ٦ڻၞސΔۖ࣍٥ข᤻ၲ୶ψ९࢔ωऱመ࿓խΔڇࠟ੔ऱ೐ञՀๅᗩ

ۖנΔࠀ׊ᑑقထխഏऱ଀ࡎດዬឭๅᤕᜤ൳ࠫऱၲࡨΖۖ٥ข᤻Գڇψ९࢔ω խࢬࢭ࠹ऱેᣄא່֗৵࣍ԫ԰؄նڣ଀ࡎګפऱᆖ᧭Δൎ֏Աֻፖࠡಳᙟထኙ

࣍ഄრݳᓵऱॾ࢚Δᎁ੡ψԳױאਊທ۞աऱᨠ࢚ࡉ෻უޏທषᄎ෼ኔωΖٵழ ڇψ९࢔ωխࢬݮګऱψ࢏ڜ壄壀ωΔܛլឰ೐ञΕট࣍᣸ߪΕ۞ݺޅေΕႧ໎

টཊࡉՕֆྤߏ࿛ᆃ඿׌ᆠऱᏝଖᨠΔٍڇ৬ഏ৵լឰ๯༼ଠΖ܀ Meisner ᎁ੡

ޓ੡ૹ૞ऱਢΔ࣍ڼழཚΔࣄ਍اጰ׌ᆠऱॾٛऱֻᖻࣟΔᎁױልاऱԺၦΔࠀ ࠌհ࠷זྤขၸ్Εልޘ࠷זৄؑΔګ੡଀ࡎխऱ׌૞ԺၦΖۖᜤᢀದຍᆢ९ཚ

࠹ࠩچ׌דำࡉഏا᤻٥ٵᚘ૰ልاऱΔਢاග׌ᆠऱᑷൣΖ

܀ຍࠀլਢᎅֻᖻࣟࢨֻᖻࣟ׌ᆠृ࠹ࠩاጰ׌ᆠऱᐙ᥼Δψᝑֻᖻࣟ׌ᆠ ࡉاጰ׌ᆠऱᣂএΔਢ༉،ଚਬࠄᗑ۞᧩᥻נࠐऱΕઌۿऱ଀ࡎ৸უֱऄࡉࠠڶ ਬࠄ٥ٵംᠲࡉܺቼۖߢऱΖωΰMeisnerΔ2005aΚ73αຍࠄ٥ٵംᠲࡉܺቼહ

৵ឆܶऱ٥ٵॾٛΔܛઌॾԳاΰ௽ܑਢልاα੡ڶิ៣ऱᖞ᧯Δڶထ۞࿇ऱ଀

ࡎ۩೯ࡉႃ᧯ᑨԺΖڂڼΔMeisner ࣹრࠩΔլٵ࣍ᎁ੡ิ៣ᆢฒਢ଀ࡎवᢝ։

՗թ౨໏ٚऱ٨ኑ׌ᆠΔֻ׌ᆠ׌്᤻ऱიຝؘႊψٻᆢฒᖂ฾ωΔࠀ׊૞ᅝψᆢ ฒऱᖂسωΖاጰ׌ᆠऱ৸უΔٍ।෼ڇലৄؑီ੡ψ៱ऱᇷขၸ్ፍڷ֮֏ऱ

ྲྀ塒ࡉᄅऱᇷขၸ్լؓ࿛ऱྗسچωΔڂڼല଀ࡎബಜڇψኙልޘऱઌኙొᑥ ࡉልا֚سऱषᄎ׌ᆠΰࢨױ౨᠏ٻषᄎ׌ᆠαႜٻऱॾᘸՂωΖΰMeisnerΔ 2005aΚ94αኙ࣍ᆖᛎᆵ৵ऱ೏৫ေᏝՈਢاጰ׌ᆠऱ෻࢚հԫΔࠀ׊।෼ڇֻ

ᖻࣟലψԫᒡԲػωီ੡խഏ௽ڶऱ଀ࡎᚌႨհՂΖاጰ׌ᆠृፖֻᖻࣟઃᎁ੡Δ ᅝᇷء׌ᆠ೏৫࿇୶৵Δլႛᄎࠌ൓଀ࡎലႛ౨ڇψᖵ׾ૹ૤Հ᠉ၑ۩ߨωΔޓ ᄎࠌ൓଀ࡎ壄壀ലڇሐᐚᏽᆵऱषᄎխพஒΖ

ຍࠄॾٛፖ෻࢚ઌٽऱ࿨࣠Δګ༉Աԫ໱༓׏ፖৄؑࡉৄؑྤขၸ్ሶ࿪Δ ݙ٤ࠉᘸልا֭਍ऱψषᄎ׌ᆠ଀ࡎωΖMeisner ਐנΔឈྥψխഏऱ଀ࡎၞ࿓ፖ

್܌৸׌ᆠऱ଀ࡎᨠ࢚Ε᧯ߓࡉᏝଖᨠ࢚ઌװ੷᎛Δ܀إਢൕຍԫၞ࿓խΔΰڇ

๺ڍֱ૿α੔سנኙ່ึኔ෼್܌৸׌ᆠؾᑑᗑ௽ऱΕ༄৬๻ࢤऱ܂ऄΖω ΰMeisnerΔ2005bΚ47αልޘፖልاլႛਢ଀ࡎऱ׌ᖄԺၦΔࠌ൓ৄؑऱྤขၸ

్ګ੡๯೯࿛ৱᇞ࣋ऱᆢ᧯Ι࢏ڜழཚڇልޘխऱኔᔌᆖ᧭Δޓኔ෼Ա್܌৸׌

ᆠᣂ࣍௣ᄰৄၢ஁၏Εՠል஁ܑΕᆰԺ໎೯ፖ᧯Ժ໎೯஁ܑ࿛ؾᑑΔۖፖ್܌৸ ࢬዌუऱ٥ข׌ᆠषᄎխψ٤૿࿇୶ωऱԳઌࡉΖຍࠄኔᔌᆖ᧭ޓၞԫޡऱᐙ᥼

଀ࡎګפ৵ऱխഏΔࠀ׊ګ੡ֻ׌ᆠ෻ᓵऱு֨Δ׌ᖄԱ࢓৵ԿԼڣऱᖵ׾Ζ

ಃΒ࿯ʳ !ࡌ୯߃ය!

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڇၞԵխ٥৬ഏऱᖵ׾հছΔˠ˸˼̆́˸̅ ֺለԱխഏፖᤕ঎ऱ଀ࡎહནፖ৬ഏ ᛩቼΔ׊ຍᑌऱֺለՈլឰऱנ෼ڇהऱ๺ڍထ܂ᇙΖઌለ࣍ኙ׈੺ऱ٥ข଀ࡎ ڶထൎ௺ࠌࡎტऱᤕ঎Δխഏլႛڇ଀ࡎᆖ᧭Ղሶ࿪࣍ᤕ঎ፖ׈੺Δ଀ࡎګפ৵ ऱ׌૞ྡྷរٍႛ࣋ڇݙګഏ୮ਙएՂऱอԫΕՒچޏ଀Εᆖᛎ࿇୶࿛ψᇷขၸ్

ا׌଀ࡎωऱؾᑑΖˠ˸˼̆́˸̅ ઌॾຍᑌऱ܂੡լ܀޲ڶહধኙ଀ࡎऱࢭᘭΔ֘ۖ

ਢฤٽԱאاග׌ᆠ੡ᜲ־ऱ଀ࡎ෼ኔΖ٦ृΔխഏऱ෼ኔᛩቼՈֺ঎ഏޓڶܓ

࣍ኔ෼ຍࠄؾᑑΔխഏ૿ኙऱ֘଀ࡎࣂݼৰ֟Δ࢏ڜழཚࢬഛ塄ऱጥ෻ृৰڍΔ ᆢฒഗ៕ܛ۾٤ഏԳՑԶګऱልاΔࠀ׊ڇᤕᜤऱᆖᛎࡉݾ๬གܗՀ૿ኙထለړ

ऱഏᎾൣႨΖྥۖΔຍࠄᚌႨথྤऄࣂᔭൾխഏڇषᄎፖᆖᛎՂऱᄕጤᆵ৵ࢬ૿

ᜯऱܺቼΖʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ˠ˸˼̆́˸̅ ᨠኘࠩΔ૿ኙຍᑌऱܺቼΔֻᖻࣟፖ٥ข᤻Գ൷࠹Ա್܌৸׌ᆠऱ ഗءᨠរΔലढᔆسขԺऱ࿇୶܂੡ኔ෼षᄎ׌ᆠषᄎ᠏᧢ऱ௅ءছ༼Δࠀ৙ؒ

אֻᖻࣟऱψᄅا׌׌ᆠω੡৬ഏ଺ঞΔڇᆖᛎՂᆏࠫۖॺ௣ᄰᇷء׌ᆠΔڇਙ एՂኔ۩ψԳاا׌റਙωΖ܀ ˠ˸˼̆́˸̅ ٍ࿇෼ΔຍᇙࢬਐऱψԳاωፖψا׌ω থڶထᄕ੡լٵऱᇞᤩΖψԳاωਐऱਢՠԳၸ్Εልاၸ్Ε՛ᇷขၸ్ࡉا ගᇷขၸ్ࢬิګऱਙएอԫᖏᒵΔॺ᥆ຍଡᜤٽृঞլਢψԳاωΔᚨ࠹ࠩψറ ਙωอएΖψا׌ωೈԱႚอՂऱᇷขၸ్ا׌ऱრො؆Δٍז।ထխഏषᄎᆖ ᛎ࿇୶ऱ௽௘ၸ੄א֗؄ଡၸ్ऱਙएז।ऱਙए೶ፖΖ٥ข᤻ঞ੡ྤᓵ଀ࡎছ

৵ຟ޲ڶ֜ڍ܂੡ऱྤขၸ్ऱז।Δۖॺࠡ׌૞ᆢฒഗ៕ऱልاז।Δࠀڂڼ ڇ଀ࡎ৵ऱഏ୮ࠠڶ່೏ऱז।ࢤፖإᅝࢤΔᖑڶए෻ഏ୮ऱ່೏ᦞԺΖ٥ข᤻

ޓሎشຍᑌऱᦞԺΔ৬مֆၲऱஎࢠอएאᚘࠫ֘ኙႨԺΔࠀ׊៶طԿ֘Εն֘

࿛ψ৸უޏທωऱ੒೯ലᖑڶԫݾհ९ऱဍ૎Δਙए֏੡౨ജ੡षᄎࣚ೭ऱψԳ اωΖʳ

ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ˠ˸˼̆́˸̅ ऱ։࣫ᝫਐנΔڇᆖᛎֱ૿Δ٥ข᤻ܮ࠷ᤕᜤऱᆖ᧭Δආشψഏ୮ ᇷء׌ᆠωऱݮڤΔ൳ࠫ܀ቔᚐឩՕߏԳᆖᛎ੒೯Δאףຒՠᄐ֏ፖ෼ז֏ऱၞ

࿓Ζԫၲࡨط࣍٥ข᤻փຝႛڶልޘए෻ऱᆖ᧭ΔڂۖᏁՕၦٛᘸৄؑխ៱ڶऱ ԳթΖຍࠄጥ෻ԳթՕڍਢኙഏا᤻ए෻ഏ୮؈ඓۖ෡࠹ࠡ୭Δਚኙഏا᤻ཏሙ ᡖڶռ৿֨ኪऱᒡԳΖ܀ֻᖻࣟࡨึψނৄؑ઎ګ֘଀ࡎᇷขၸ్ΰהଚ๯઎೚

ਢ؆ഏ০ഏ׌ᆠऱז෻Գࢨᑨڇऱᅩ֖αอࠫऱ໵ឤΔ߷ᇙຏൄਢ؆ࠐषᄎᐙ᥼

ࡉ৸უፍ፱ऱ࿇ᄭچΖωΰMeisnerΔ2005aΚ60α׊٥ข᤻ڇ଀ࡎᖵ׾խΔৄؑ

ࡺاഗءՂਢא๯೯࿛ৱࢨ൷࠹ልا଀ࡎृᇞ࣋ऱৎኪΔۖ࠹ࠩ๺ڍᥧຂΖጟጟ

଺ڂࢬีᗨऱլॾٚΔࠌ൓ຍࠄԳթڇৄؑऱᆖᛎ࿇୶࠷൓ګய৵Δ๯٥ข᤻Գ

࠷זΖʳ