世界價值觀調查推動計畫
執行報告
杜素豪 主編
中央研究院調查研究專題中心
中 華 民 國 九 十 六 年 一 月
行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫執行成果報告
世界價值觀調查推動計畫 執行報告
杜素豪 主編
計畫類型：人文處一般型計畫個別型計畫 計畫編號：NSC 95-2420-H-001-005
執行期間：中華民國 95 年 1 月 1 日起至 95 年 12 月 31 日
中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心
二００七年一月
參 與 教 授
（依姓名首字筆劃排列）
杜素豪 計畫主持人 中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心 暨調查研究專題中心副研究員
章英華 共同主持人 中央研究院社會學研究所研究員
中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心主任
廖培珊 共同主持人 中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心 暨調查研究專題中心助研究員
徐火炎 協同主持人 中央研究院政治學研究所籌備處研究員 黃旻華 協同主持人 台灣大學政治學系助理教授
郭承天 協同主持人 政治大學政治學系教授
楊婉瑩 協同主持人 政治大學政治學系副教授
中英文摘要
（一）計畫中文摘要
『世界價值觀調查』起源於 1981 年的歐洲價值觀調查，至今已完成每五年一次總共四 次的全球性調查。參與這個調查的國家由第一波在美國密西根大學社會學系教授 Ronald Inglehart 號召下的 22 個已開發國家，擴大到第四波包含非洲與回教世界的總共 80 多國。此 調查涵蓋的母體已經達到全球人口的百分之八十五。四波調查資料提供社會科學領域學者可 探討的議題非常廣泛，至今超過 400 篇且運用 20 多種語言的論文或專書於國際知名的研討 會、期刊或出版社發表。
台灣曾於 1995 年受 Ronald Inglehart 邀之下參與了第三波（1995）調查，但之後則乏人 繼續推動。有鑑於促進國內社會科學領域在世界價值觀相關的研究更蓬勃，且加強跨學科領 域與跨國合作之研究，本研究計畫即在推動台灣積極的參與未來的世界價值觀調查。調查執 行與調查資料之跨國儲存等工作由中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心的調查研究專題中心執 行。問卷、調查與調查資料均遵循『世界價值觀調查學會』的規章與執行委員所提供 2005- 2006 年調查的規則，以便於維持跨國調查資料的品質。此研究計畫的完成勢必可促成本國 學者與國際上相關領域學者研究合作的機會。
（二）計畫英文摘要
The World Values Surveys (WVS) grew out of a study launched by the European Values Survey group in 1981. A total of four waves have been carried out every five years. The number of participating societies rose from 22 with the effort of Ronald Inglehart from department of sociology, University of Michigan in U.S.A. to more than 80 including African and Islamic societies covering 85% of the world’s population. WVS has provided a broad range of issues for social scientist around the world. The WVS network has produced more than 400 publications in more than 20 languages.
Invited by Ronald Inglehart, Taiwan joined the third wave of WVS in 1995 but did not continue after then. In order to enhance the study associated with socio-cultural and political changes in the network of social scientists, especially concerning the interdisciplinary collaboration domestically and globally, this project aims to team up Taiwan Group to participate in WVS.
Survey work and data archive were conducted by Center for Survey Research, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences. Questionnaire design and the set-up of survey data were guided by WVS constitution and the guidelines of 2005-2006 Survey decided by Executive Committee of World Values Surveys Association. It is expected the success of this project will promote international exchange and collaboration in research.
序
『世界價值觀調查』(World Values Survey，以下簡稱 WVS)是一項探討世界各國在社會 文化及政治變遷的全球性調查研究計畫。此調查起源於 1981 年由 Jan Kerkhofs and Ruud de Moor 共同領導之下執行的歐洲價值觀調查（European Values Survey，簡稱 EVS）。歐洲價 值觀調查起初只針對西歐十國進行問卷調查，不過調查的結果發現了如預測的文化變遷，因 此，為了繼續探討全球化的文化變遷，在美國密西根大學社會學系教授 Ronald Inglehart 的 努力之下，將這個調查延伸到西歐以外的國家。1990 年以前完成了來自全球六大洲，22 個 已開發國家的問卷調查。此為第一波『世界價值觀調查』，在主要的研究發現中，舉凡與政 治、經濟生活、宗教、兩性角色、家庭價值與性別規範相關的基本價值觀均呈現世代交替的 變化（intergenerational changes）。
為了能進一步證實這些價值觀的變化以及此變化的成因，第二波的世界價值觀調查在 1990-1991 年間進行。由於考慮到價值觀的變遷與經濟及科技發展息息相關，若能廣泛納入 不同高低程度之國民所得的國家則可以作不同發展階段國家的比較，因此，第二波調查包含 了中國大陸、印度與奈及利亞等第三世界之後，總共有 43 個國家參加，問卷調查的母體已 經涵蓋了當時約 70％的全世界人口。針對第二波調查的研究成果之一是發展了未來調查可 引用之穩定且可重複測量的價值觀指標。基本上，多半的價值觀仍如預期的朝著某一預測的 方向變化，而且變遷方向會因國家經濟發展程度有所差異，經濟發展速度越快的國家價值觀 變化較明顯。少數經濟衰退國家的價值觀朝著非預測的方向變化。
1993 年九月在西班牙聚集了 WVS 近 40 個參與國的代表，共同評估了前兩波調查的結 果後，一致決定可以繼續兩波的調查，此兩波預計在 1995 年及 2000 年開始執行。於 1995- 1998 年間蒐集的第三波調查，跨越了 55 個國家，其特色是著重在非西方國家（如新興民主 化的東歐、拉丁美洲與亞洲國），且關注在當時新興的第三波民主政治文化發展上。於 1999-2001 年蒐集的第四波調查則涵蓋了全球 65 個國家，尤其增加了非洲與回教國家。
整個世界價值觀調查由來自全球優秀的社會科學研究學者組成團隊，以五年為一期，至 今已在八十個國家與地區（無論是曾經或持續參與的國家）執行，調查母體已經涵蓋了全球 85％的人口。四波及歐洲價值調查的調查資料（於 1981, 1990-91, 1995-98 與 1999-2000 執 行 ） 已 釋 出 全 球 使 用 ， 可 逕 向 美 國 密 西 根 大 學 社 會 科 學 研 究 中 心 （ Institute for Social
Research）的ICPSR（Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research）申請（見 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/）。
由於世界價值觀調查涵蓋的研究議題廣泛，包含了社會價值觀、社會規範、社會問題、
社會距離、工作問題、勞工組織、就業問題、政治態度、國家民主、性別問題、環境問題、
婚姻、家庭與小孩教養問題等，對於價值觀對政治與社會生活之影響等研究有很大的幫助。
我們不難從累積的出版品與調查資料使用情形了解到此一跨國性調查提供全球社會科學領域 學者豐富的學術資源；超過 400 篇使用超過 20 種語言發表論文或專書（特別是針對不同國 家 或 地 區 間 的 比 較 研 究 ） 已 於 國 際 性 研 討 會 或 國 際 知 名 期 刊 發 表 （ 見 http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/library/index.html）。其中多為社會文化與政治變遷研究領 域中舉足輕重的研究參考與教學教材。除了學術與應用的成果之外，這個跨國性調查研究發 現也提供了國家政策或國際政策規劃的主要參考。
WVS的執行受到『世界價值觀調查』學會（World Values Survey Association, 以下簡稱 WVSA）的規範。WVSA為一個非營利性組織，總部已於 2003 年正式設立在瑞典的斯德哥 爾 摩 。 現 階 段 的 執 行 委 員 會 （ Executive Committee ， 以 下 簡 稱 EC ） 由 瑞 典 銀 行 的 Tercentennary基金會資助。早期的EC比較屬於西方國家強勢的決策運作。為了更具全球會員 國的代表性參與，在 2001 年WVS會員大會中，EC建議草擬WVS章程。此章程正式在 2004 年會議中決議通過（詳見http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org ）。其中明文規定了會員國的義 務與權力、年會舉辦（每兩年舉行一次）與會員國可決策的內容、各委員會的編制與責任、
經費運作、與調查資料蒐集與保存維護等，讓至今頗具規模的世界價值觀調查因此得以更正 式且公正的運作，相信對於各會員國之聯繫以及鞏固全球社會科學家之網路有很大的助益。
台灣參與 WVS 僅止於 1995 年的第三波調查，由中央研究院社會學研究所瞿海源教授領 導，並委由當時的中央研究院調查研究工作室（中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心暨調查研 究專題中心的前身）執行問卷調查工作。有鑑於本土學界利用世界價值觀調查的相關研究相 對較少，且多集中在政治學領域中，若能推動台灣的世界價值觀調查，可因此促進台灣學者 不僅進行跨學科領域的合作與交流，向世界接軌，達到跨國合作研究的終極目的。在 WVSA 透過多方管道的邀請，中研院人文社會科學研究中心主任章英華先生的鼎力協調以及 國科會的促成之下，有了再次執行台灣方面世界價值觀調查的機會。受國科會的資助，『世
界價值觀調查推動計畫』為期一年，除了執行調查工作之外，也進行 WVS 調查資料建檔、
調查資料的釋出與維護，希望因此能讓國內更多學者了解並充分利用 WVS 跨國調查。
此計畫能順利完成首先感謝國科會人文處處長陳東升先生的極力推薦委由本調查研究專 題中心負責執行。其次感謝共同主持人章英華教授與廖培珊助研究員，及四位協同主持人，
徐火炎、郭承天、楊婉瑩及黃旻華教授的協助與奉獻，使共同組成的問卷小組能有效率的完 成問卷翻譯與研擬的任務，問卷預試得以順利進行。再者，感謝本計劃歷次的助理，包括政 霖、佳勳與婉云的認真工作，這個計畫才有好的開始與圓滿的結束。還有，感謝調查研究專 題中心調查組以及資料組同仁協助執行最重要之調查工作與調查資料的複檢、儲存、維護與 資料使用的推廣。最後，要向協助預試與正式調查的訪員及督導至上十二萬分的謝意，因為 她（他）們的衝鋒陷陣與努力不懈，調查完訪率才能提高，調查資料才能維持一定的品質。
世界價值觀調查推動計畫 執行報告
目錄
序
世界價值觀調查推動計畫執行報告
壹、問卷擬定 ... 1
一、預試問卷 ... 1
二、正式問卷 ... 2
貳、正式問卷與問卷說明 ... 3
一、正式問卷 ... 3
1．英文版問卷 ... 3
2．中文版問卷 ... 21
二、正式問卷題目說明 ... 40
參、抽樣設計 ... 59
肆、問卷調查過程 ... 63
伍、問卷檢查、資料檢誤與資料結構 ... 69
陸、調查次數分配表 ... 72
附錄一：省、院轄市及縣（市）、鄉（鎮、市、區）編號表 ... 126
附錄二：台灣地區行業標準分類表 ... 129
附錄三：台灣地區職業標準分類表 ... 131
附錄四：ISCO 職業分類表 ... 132
附錄五：「台灣社會變遷調查五期一次」抽樣分層報告 ... 150
附錄六：調查地區編號、鄉鎮類型與成功樣本數 ... 159
世界價值觀調查資料申請使用辦法 ... 162
壹、問卷擬定
本計畫執行期間為民國九十五年一月至十二月。由於配合中央研究院調查研究專題中心 僅有可以配合的訪問調查期間，計畫規劃與籌備以及調查設計與執行都稍有提早。又此計畫 為一跨國合作計畫，在調查設計方面，無論是問卷設計、抽樣設計或執行方法等受到 WVS 憲章的規範，均需遵循通用的 2005-2006 第五波調查規則。
關於問卷設計的規則，英文版問卷由『世界價值觀調查』(World Values Survey，以下簡 稱 WVS)的 Executive Committee(以下簡稱 EC)參考 Scientific Advisory Committee 中來自各國 代表及相關領域專家的意見後所決定。其主要的考量是可以維持歷年來主要的議題。各會員 國需遵循以下步驟，第一、自行翻譯英文版問卷且將本國語問卷翻譯回英文版。第二、來回 翻譯後的兩版本問卷均需經 EC 的認可通過後才能正式執行調查工作。第三、前幾波調查的 本國翻譯版問卷除非有嚴重的錯誤，否則均需盡量維持原來的內容。第四、若問題內容不適 用於本國，需向 EC 說明原委，徵得 EC 的同意。第五、EC 無權同意超過 12 大題（約 36 小 題）的刪除，各國刪除的項目需經過 EC 書面通知。
一、預試問卷
有鑑於以上的規定，本計畫於正式調查之前規劃進行預試問卷調查。在預試問卷調查之 前主要是進行下列的工作項目：
（1）蒐集中文問卷: 包括 1995 年在台灣與 2001 年在中國執行的調查問卷，提供問卷翻譯參 考。
（2）問卷會議：由於問卷題目非由計畫小組設計，本計畫舉行兩次主要的問卷會議，目的 是討論計畫執行進度、問卷翻譯與題目增減。由於 WVS 規定的問卷長達 20 頁，問卷 會議的設計主要是討論翻譯問題。盡量以不再加掛題目為限。
（3）問卷回譯（back translation）：英翻中後確定版的問卷由專業翻譯人員將翻譯後的中文 問卷回譯成英文問卷。為了檢視問卷翻譯過程的正確性，回譯的英文問卷再經計畫參 與研究人員與教授核閱並作小幅度的修正。
（4）問卷交付審查：計畫主持人將中文問卷與回譯問卷交付 WVS 的 EC 審核。
（5）EC 審查通過的問卷：審核過程中經計畫主持人的答辯後，EC 同意我們刪題與題目問 法或調整的要求，總共刪掉不適用於台灣的 14 題，分別是 V50-V54, V165-V167, V178, 與 V210-V214（詳見下一章正式問卷中的英文版問卷）。修改或調整問法者則共 5 小 題，分別是 V255, V256, V216, V257 與 V259。
二、正式問卷
經預試調查後的問卷仍作非常小幅的修改，主要是在不影響題意情況下，某些題目的用 字更改。這些更改也都知會過 EC 且取得認同。
本計畫進行正式調查的問卷內容主要包含從個人、人際、家庭、社會與國家、自然環境 與全球等各層面的政治、文化、家庭與社會價值相關的題目。個人層面主要包括個人生活重 要性與滿意度、人生目標與規劃、個人與集體主義、宗教信仰等。家庭層面主要包括子女教 養、婚姻態度、兩性角色態度與家庭收入等。 社會層面主要包括人際網絡方面的信任與社 會距離，社群參與方面的會員活動與組織信任，勞力市場方面的就業平等與外勞待遇，以及 國家政治方面的公民意識、選舉、愛國主義、政治體制、民主化價值與族群容忍。在自然環 境與科技方面主要包括環境與科技、環境與經濟、環境保護、科技的重要性與好處等。在全 球化方面則主要是關於人權、環境問題、政治或國際和平等議題該由國家、區域或聯合國負 責或決策。
不過，正式問卷題目並非依據以上的主題依序或集中的排列，與一般問卷設計原則不 同，題號完全依照原 EC 提供的英文版問卷，以變數名稱代表（詳見第 21 頁正式問卷的中 文版問卷）。另外，為配合訪員訪問時使用的提示卡標號也與 EC 英本版完全相同，部分新 增的提示卡均不影響原編號順序。為了方便訪員與督導清楚瞭解正式問卷題目的問法與選項 設計等內容背後的主要原因，以便於訪員在因應受訪者的質疑時有所準備，訪訓手冊中均編 寫了『問卷題目說明、記錄與預過錄方法』一章，詳見第 40 頁正式問卷題目說明。
貳、正式問卷與問卷說明 一、正式問卷
1．英文版問卷
2005-2006 WORLD VALUES SURVEY
V1. Survey wave number (write in constant): 5 Wave five V1a. Split OECD/Non-OECD (write in constant): 2 Non-OECD V2. Country code (write in 3-digit code from list below): ______
V3. Interview number (write in 4-digit number identifying each respondent): ________
(Introduction by interviewer):
Hello. I am from the __________ (mention name of the interview organization). We are carrying out a global study of what people value in life. This study will interview samples representing most of the world's people. Your name has been selected at random as part of a representative sample of the people in __________ (mention country in which interview is conducted). I'd like to ask your views on a number of different subjects. Your input will be treated strictly confidential but it will contribute to a better understanding of what people all over the world believe and want out of life.
(Show Card A)
For each of the following, indicate how important it is in your life. Would you say it is (read out and code one answer for each):
Very important Rather important Not very important Not at all important
V4. Family 1 2 3 4
V5. Friends 1 2 3 4
V6. Leisure time
1 2 3 4
V7. Politics 1 2 3 4
V8. Work 1 2 3 4
V9. Religion 1 2 3 4
(NOTE: Code but do not read out-- here and throughout the interview): -1 Don’t know -2 No answer -3 Not applicable
V10. Taking all things together, would you say you are (read out and code one answer):
1 Very happy 2 Rather happy 3 Not very happy 4 Not at all happy
V11. All in all, how would you describe your state of health these days? Would you say it is (read out):
1 Very good 2 Good 3 Fair 4 Poor
(Show Card B)
Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be especially important? Please choose up to five! (Code five mentions at the maximum):
Mentioned Not mentioned
V12. Independence 1 2
V13. Hard work 1 2
V14. Feeling of responsibility 1 2
V15. Imagination 1 2
V16. Tolerance and respect for other people 1 2 V17. Thrift, saving money and things 1 2 V18. Determination, perseverance 1 2
V19. Religious faith 1 2
V20. Unselfishness 1 2
V21. Obedience 1 2
(Show Card C)
V22. All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days? Using this card on which 1 means you are “completely dissatisfied” and 10 means you are “completely satisfied” where would you put your satisfaction with your life as a whole? (Code one number):
Completely dissatisfied Completely satisfied 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V23. Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you need to be very careful in dealing with people? (Code one answer):
1 Most people can be trusted.
2 Need to be very careful.
Now I am going to read off a list of voluntary organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member or not a member of that type of organization? (Read out and code one answer for each organization):
Active member Inactive member Don’t belong
V24. Church or religious organization 2 1 0
V25. Sport or recreational organization 2 1 0
V26. Art, music or educational organization 2 1 0
V27. Labor Union 2 1 0
V28. Political party 2 1 0
V29. Environmental organization 2 1 0
V30. Professional association 2 1 0
V31. Humanitarian or charitable
organization 2 1 0
V32. Consumer organization 2 1 0
V33. Any other (write in):______________ 2 1 0
(Show Card D)
On this list are various groups of people. Could you please mention any that you would not like to have as neighbors?
(Code an answer for each group):
Mentioned Not mentioned
V34. Drug addicts 1 2
V35. People of a different race 1 2
V36. People who have AIDS 1 2
V37. Immigrants/foreign workers 1 2
V38. Homosexuals 1 2
V39. People of a different religion 1 2
V40. Heavy drinkers 1 2
V41. Unmarried couples living together 1 2
V42. People who speak a different language 1 2
V43. (optional: minority relevant to given country, write in):______ 1 2
Do you agree, disagree or neither agree nor disagree with the following statements? (Read out and code one answer for each statement):
Agree Neither Disagree
V44. When jobs are scarce, men should have more right to a job than women. 1 2 3 V45. When jobs are scarce, employers should give priority to [British]* people
over immigrants.
1 2 3
*[Substitute your own nationality for “British”!]
(Show Card E)
V46. Some people feel they have completely free choice and control over their lives, while other people feel that what they do has no real effect on what happens to them. Please use this scale where 1 means "no choice at all" and 10 means "a great deal of choice" to indicate how much freedom of choice and control you feel you have over the way your life turns out (code one number):
No choice at all A great deal of choice 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(Show Card F)
V47. Do you think most people would try to take advantage of you if they got a chance, or would they try to be fair ? Please show your response on this card, where 1 means that “people would try to take advantage of you,” and 10 means that “people would try to be fair” (code one number):
People would try to People would take advantage of you try to be fair 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V48. Now I would like to ask you something about the things which would seem to you, personally, most important if you were looking for a job. Here are some of the things many people take into account in relation to their work.
Regardless of whether you're actually looking for a job, which one would you, personally, place first if you were looking for a job (read out and code one answer):
1 A good income so that you do not have any worries about money 2 A safe job with no risk of closing down or unemployment 3 Working with people you like
4 Doing an important job that gives you a feeling of accomplishment
V49. And what would be your second choice (code one answer):
1 A good income so that you do not have any worries about money 2 A safe job with no risk of closing down or unemployment 3 Working with people you like
4 Doing an important job that gives you a feeling of accomplishment
Please specify for each of the following statements how strongly you agree or disagree with it! Do you strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree or strongly disagree? (Read out and code one answer for each statement):
Strongly
agree
Agree Neither
Disagree Strongly disagree V50. To fully develop your talents,
you need to have a job.
1
2
3
4
5 V51. It is humiliating to receive
money without working for it.
1
2
3
4
5 V52. People who don’t work
become lazy.
1
2
3
4
5
V53. Work is a duty toward society. 1 2 3 4 5
V54. Work should always come first, even if it means less free time.
1
2
3
4
5
(Show Card G)
V55. Are you currently (read out and code one answer only):
1 Married
2 Living together as married 3 Divorced
4 Separated 5 Widowed
6 Single
V56. Have you had any children? (Code 0 if no, and respective number if yes):
0 No children 1 One child
2 Two children 3 Three children 4 Four children
5 Five children 6 Six children
7 Seven children 8 Eight or more children
V57. If someone says a child needs a home with both a father and a mother to grow up happily, would you tend to agree or disagree? (Code one answer):
1 Tend to agree 2 Tend to disagree
V58. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement (read out): “Marriage is an out-dated institution.” (Code one answer):
1 Agree 2 Disagree
V59. If a woman wants to have a child as a single parent but she doesn't want to have a stable relationship with a man, do you approve or disapprove? (Code one answer):
1 Approve 2 Disapprove
3 Depends (do not read out, code only if volunteered)
For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how strongly you agree or disagree with each. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree? (Read out and code one answer for each statement):
Strongly
agree
Agree Disagree Strongly disagree V60. Being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for
pay.
1
2
3
4 V61. On the whole, men make better political leaders than
women do.
1
2
3
4 V62. A university education is more important for a boy than
for a girl.
1
2
3
4 V63. On the whole, men make better business
executives than women do.
1
2
3
4 People pursue different goals in life. For each of the following goals, can you tell me if you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with it? (Read out and code one answer for each statement):
Strongly
agree
Agree Disagree Strongly disagree V64. One of my main goals in life has been to make my
parents proud.
1
2
3
4 V65. I seek to be myself rather than to follow others. 1 2 3 4 V66. I make a lot of effort to live up to what my friends
expect.
1
2
3
4
V67. I decide my goals in life by myself. 1 2 3 4
(Show Card H)
V68. How satisfied are you with the financial situation of your household? Please use this card again to help with your answer (code one number):
Completely dissatisfied Completely satisfied 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(Show Card I)
V69. People sometimes talk about what the aims of this country should be for the next ten years. On this card are listed some of the goals which different people would give top priority. Would you please say which one of these you, yourself, consider the most important? (Code one answer only under “first choice”):
V70. And which would be the next most important? (Code one answer only under “second choice”)
V69
First choice
V70 Second choice
A high level of economic growth 1 1
Making sure this country has strong defense forces 2 2 Seeing that people have more say about how things are done at their jobs
and in their communities 3 3
Trying to make our cities and countryside more beautiful 4 4
(Show Card J)
V71. If you had to choose, which one of the things on this card would you say is most important? (Code one answer only under “first choice”):
V72. And which would be the next most important? (Code one answer only under “second choice”):
V71
First choice
V72 Second choice
Maintaining order in the nation 1 1
Giving people more say in important government
decisions 2 2
Fighting rising prices 3 3
Protecting freedom of speech 4 4
(Show Card K)
V73. Here is another list. In your opinion, which one of these is most important? (Code one answer only under “first choice”):
V74. And what would be the next most important? (Code one answer only under “second choice”):
V73
First choice
V74 Second choice
A stable economy 1 1
Progress toward a less impersonal and more humane society 2 2 Progress toward a society in which Ideas count more than
money 3 3
The fight against crime 4 4
V75. Of course, we all hope that there will not be another war, but if it were to come to that, would you be willing to fight for your country? (Code one answer):
1 Yes 2 No
I'm going to read out a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell me for each one, if it were to happen, whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind? (Code one answer for each):
Good Don’t mind Bad
V76. Less importance placed on work in our lives 1 2 3
V77. More emphasis on the development of
technology 1 2 3
V78. Greater respect for authority 1 2 3
V79. More emphasis on family life 1 2 3
(Show Card L)
Now I will briefly describe some people. Using this card, would you please indicate for each description whether that person is very much like you, like you, somewhat like you, not like you, or not at all like you? (Code one answer for each description):
Very
much like me
Like me
Some- what like me
A little like me
Not like me
Not at all like me V80. It is important to this person to think up new
ideas and be creative; to do things one’s own way.
1
2
3
4
5
6 V81. It is important to this person to be rich; to have a
lot of money and expensive things.
1
2
3
4
5
6 V82. Living in secure surroundings is important to
this person; to avoid anything that might be dangerous.
1
2
3
4
5
6 V83. It is important to this person to have a good
time; to “spoil” oneself.
1
2
3
4
5
6 V84. It is important to this person to help the people
nearby; to care for their well-being.
1
2
3
4
5
6 V85. Being very successful is important to this
person; to have people recognize one’s achievements.
1
2
3
4
5
6 V86. Adventure and taking risks are important to this
person; to have an exciting life.
1
2
3
4
5
6 V87. It is important to this person to always behave
properly; to avoid doing anything people would say is wrong.
1
2
3
4
5
6 V88. Looking after the environment is important to
this person; to care for nature.
1
2
3
4
5
6 V89. Tradition is important to this person; to follow
the customs handed down by one’s religion or family.
1
2
3
4
5
6
V90. In the long run, do you think the scientific advances we are making will help or harm mankind? (Code one answer):
1 Will help 2 Will harm
3 Some of each (code if volunteered only!)
(Show Card O)
Now, I would like to read some statements and ask how much you agree or disagree with each of these statements. For these questions, a 1 means that you “completely disagree” and a 10 means that you “completely agree.” (Code one number for each statement):
Completely Completely disagree agree V91. Science and technology are making our lives
healthier, easier, and more comfortable.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 V92. Because of science and technology, there will
be more opportunities for the next generation.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 V93. Science and technology make our way of life
change too fast.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 V94. We depend too much on science and not
enough on faith.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
V95. How interested would you say you are in politics? Are you (read out and code one answer):
1 Very interested 2 Somewhat interested
3 Not very interested 4 Not at all interested (Show Card M)
Now I’d like you to look at this card. I’m going to read out some forms of political action that people can take, and I’d like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have done any of these things, whether you might do it or would never under any circumstances do it (read out and code one answer for each action):
Have done Might do Would never do
V96. Signing a petition 1 2 3
V97. Joining in boycotts 1 2 3
V98. Attending peaceful demonstrations 1 2 3
V99. Other (write in):___________ 1 2 3
Have you or have you not done any of these activities in the last five years? (Read out and code one answer for each action):
Have done Have not done
V100. Signing a petition 1 2
V101. Joining in boycotts 1 2
V102. Attending peaceful demonstrations 1 2
V103. Other (write in):____________ 1 2
V104. Here are two statements people sometimes make when discussing the environment and economic growth.
Which of them comes closer to your own point of view? (Read out and code one answer):
1 Protecting the environment should be given priority, even if it causes slower economic growth and some loss of jobs.
2 Economic growth and creating jobs should be the top priority, even if the environment suffers to some extent.
3 Other answer (code if volunteered only!).
(Show Card N)
I am going to read out some statements about the environment. For each one, can you tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree? (Read out and code one answer for each):
Strongly
agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree V105. I would give part of my income if I were certain that the money
would be used to prevent environmental pollution. 1 2 3 4 V106. I would agree to an increase in taxes if the extra money were used to
prevent environmental pollution. 1 2 3
4 V107. The Government should reduce environmental pollution, but it
should not cost me any money. 1 2 3 4
I am going to read out a list of environmental problems facing many communities. Please, tell me how serious you consider each one to be here in your own community. Is it very serious, somewhat serious, not very serious or not serious at all? (Read out and code one answer for each problem):
Very serious Somewhat serious Not very serious Not serious at all
V108. Poor water quality. 1 2 3 4
V109. Poor air quality. 1 2 3 4
V110. Poor sewage and sanitation. 1 2 3 4
Now let’s consider environmental problems in the world as a whole. Please, tell me how serious you consider each of the following to be for the world as a whole. Is it very serious, somewhat serious, not very serious or not serious at all?
(Read out and code one answer for each problem):
Very serious
Somewhat serious
Not very serious
Not serious at all V111. Global warming or the greenhouse effect. 1 2 3 4 V112. Loss of plant or animal species or
biodiversity. 1 2 3 4
V113. Pollution of rivers, lakes and oceans. 1 2 3 4
(Show Card P)
V114. In political matters, people talk of "the left" and "the right." How would you place your views on this scale, generally speaking? (Code one number):
Left Right 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V115. Imagine two secretaries, of the same age, doing practically the same job. One finds out that the other earns considerably more than she does. The better paid secretary, however, is quicker, more efficient and more reliable at her job. In your opinion, is it fair or not fair that one secretary is paid more than the other? (Code one answer):
1 Fair 2 Not fair (Show Card Q)
V116. Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 means you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if your views fall somewhere in between, you can choose any number in between. (Code one number for each issue):
Incomes should be We need larger income differences made more equal as incentives for individual effort
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V117. Private ownership of Government ownership of business and industry business and industry should be increased should be increased
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V118. The government should People should take more take more responsibility to ensure responsibility to that everyone is provided for provide for themselves
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V119. Competition is good. It Competition is harmful. It stimulates people to work hard brings out the worst in people and develop new ideas
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V120 In the long run, hard work Hard work doesn’t generally usually brings a better life bring success—it’s more a matter of luck and connections
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V121. People can only get rich Wealth can grow so there’s at the expense of others enough for everyone
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(Show Card R)
V122. Some people believe that individuals can decide their own destiny, while others think that it is impossible to escape a predetermined fate. Please tell me which comes closest to your view on this scale on which 1 means
“everything in life is determined by fate,” and 10 means that “people shape their fate themselves.” (Code one number):
Everything is People shape their determined by fate fate themselves
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(Show Card S)
V123. All things considered, would you say that the world is better off, or worse off, because of science and technology? Please tell me which comes closest to your view on this scale: 1 means that “the world is a lot worse off,” and 10 means that “the world is a lot better off.” (Code one number):
A lot worse off A lot better off 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V124. How about people from other countries coming here to work. Which one of the following do you think the government should do? (Read out and code one answer):
1 Let anyone come who wants to?
2 Let people come as long as there are jobs available?
3 Place strict limits on the number of foreigners who can come here?
4 Prohibit people coming here from other countries?
I‘d like to ask you how much you trust people from various groups. Could you tell me for each whether you trust people from this group completely, somewhat, not very much or not at all? (Read out and code one answer for each):
Trust completely Trust somewhat Do not trust very much
Do not trust at all
V125. Your family 1 2 3 4
V126. Your neighborhood 1 2 3 4
V127. People you know personally 1 2 3 4
V128. People you meet for the first
time 1 2 3 4
V129. People of another religion 1 2 3 4
V130. People of another nationality 1 2 3 4
I am going to name a number of organizations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in them:
is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all? (Read out and code one answer for each):
A great deal Quite a lot Not very much None at all
V131. The [churches]* 1 2 3 4
V132. The armed forces 1 2 3 4
V133. The press 1 2 3 4
V134. Television 1 2 3 4
V135. Labor unions 1 2 3 4
V136. The police 1 2 3 4
V137. The courts 1 2 3 4
V138. The government (in your nation’s
capital) 1 2 3 4
V139. Political parties 1 2 3 4
V140. Parliament 1 2 3 4
V141. The Civil service 1 2 3 4
V142. Major Companies 1 2 3 4
V143. Environmental organizations 1 2 3 4
V144. Women’s organizations 1 2 3 4
V145. Charitable or humanitarian
organizations 1 2 3 4
V146. The [European Union]** 1 2 3 4
V147. The United Nations 1 2 3 4
* [Substitute “religious leaders” in non-Christian countries]
** [Substitute appropriate regional organization outside Europe (e.g., in North America, NAFTA)]
I'm going to describe various types of political systems and ask what you think about each as a way of governing this country. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing this country?
(Read out and code one answer for each):
Very good Fairly good Fairly bad Very bad
V148. Having a strong leader who does not have to bother
with parliament and elections 1 2 3 4
V149. Having experts, not government, make decisions
according to what they think is best for the country 1 2 3 4
V150. Having the army rule 1 2 3 4
V151. Having a democratic political system 1 2 3 4
(Show Card T)
Many things may be desirable, but not all of them are essential characteristics of democracy. Please tell me for each of the following things how essential you think it is as a characteristic of democracy. Use this scale where 1 means “not at all an essential characteristic of democracy” and 10 means it definitely is “an essential characteristic of democracy”
(read out and code one answer for each):
Not an essential An essential characteristic characteristic of democracy of democracy V152. Governments tax the rich and subsidize
the poor.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V153. Religious authorities interpret the laws. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V154. People choose their leaders in free
elections.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V155. People receive state aid for
unemployment.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V156. The army takes over when government
is incompetent.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V157. Civil rights protect people’s liberty
against oppression.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V158. The economy is prospering. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V159. Criminals are severely punished. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V160. People can change the laws in
referendums.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V161. Women have the same rights as men. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (Show Card U)
V162. How important is it for you to live in a country that is governed democratically? On this scale where 1 means it is “not at all important” and 10 means “absolutely important” what position would you choose? (Code one number):
Not at all Absolutely important important 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(Show Card V)
V163. And how democratically is this country being governed today? Again using a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means that it is “not at all democratic” and 10 means that it is “completely democratic,” what position would you choose? (Code one number):
Not at all Completely democratic democratic
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V164. How much respect is there for individual human rights nowadays in this country? Do you feel there is (read out and code one answer):
1 A great deal of respect for individual human rights 2 Fairly much respect
3 Not much respect 4 No respect at all
V165. Have you heard of the Millennium Development Goals?
1 Yes 2 No
V166. In 2000, world leaders agreed on a number of programs to solve the most serious global problems. I’m going to read out some of these problems. I would like you to indicate which of these problems you consider the most serious one for the world as a whole? (Read out and code one answer under “most serious for the world”):
V167. And which is the second most serious problem for the world as a whole? (Code one answer under “next most serious for the world”):
V166
Most serious for the world
V167
Second most serious for the world
People living in poverty and need. 1 1
Discrimination against girls and women.
2 2
Poor sanitation and infectious diseases.
3 3
Inadequate education. 4 4
Environmental pollution. 5 5
V168. Which of these problems do you consider the most serious one in your own country? (Code one answer under
“most serious for own country”):
V169. And which is the next most serious in your own country? (Code one answer under “next most serious for own country”):
V168
Most serious in own country
V169
Next most serious in own country
People living in poverty and need. 1 1
Discrimination of girls and women. 2 2
Poor sanitation and infectious diseases.
3 3
Inadequate education. 4 4
Environmental pollution. 5 5
(NOTE: Numbering of variables is correct. Variables V170 to V177 are only included in donor countries of foreign aid!)
V178. Thinking at your own country’s problems, should your country’s leaders give top priority to help reducing poverty in the world or should they give top priority to solve your own country’s problems? Use this scale where 1 means “top priority to help reducing poverty in the world” and 10 means “top priority to solve my own country’s problems.” (Code one answer):
Top priority to help Top priority to solve my reducing poverty in the world own country’s problems 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Some people believe that certain kinds of problems could be better handled by the United Nations or regional organizations rather than by each national government separately. Others think that these problems should be left entirely to the national governments. I’m going to mention some problems. For each one, would you tell me whether you think that policies in this area should be decided by the national governments, by regional organizations, or by the United Nations? (Read out and code one answer for each problem):
National
governments
Regional organizations
United Nations
V179. Peacekeeping 1 2 3
V180. Protection of the environment 1 2 3
V181. Aid to developing countries 1 2 3
V182. Refugees 1 2 3
V183. Human Rights 1 2 3
V184. Now let’s turn to another topic. How often, if at all, do you think about the meaning and purpose of life? (Read out and code one answer!)
1 Often 2 Sometimes 3 Rarely
4 Never
V185. Do you belong to a religion or religious denomination? If yes, which one? (Code answer due to list below. Code 0, if respondent answers to have no denomination!)
No: do not belong to a denomination 0 Yes: Roman Catholic 1
Protestant 2
Orthodox (Russian/Greek/etc.) 3
Jew 4
Muslim 5
Hindu 6
Buddhist 7
Other (write in):_____________ 8
(NOTE: If your own society does not fit into this coding system, please devise an alternative, following this as closely as possible; for example, in Islamic countries, ask about Sunni, Shia, etc. Send a list of the categories used here along with your data.)
(Show Card X)
V186. Apart from weddings and funerals, about how often do you attend religious services these days? (Code one answer):
1 More than once a week 2 Once a week
3 Once a month
4 Only on special holy days 5 Once a year
6 Less often
7 Never, practically never
(NOTE: In Islamic societies, ask how frequently the respondent prays!)
V187. Independently of whether you attend religious services or not, would you say you are (read out and code one answer):
1 A religious person 2 Not a religious person 3 An atheist
Generally speaking, do you think that the [churches]* in your country are giving adequate answers to (read out and code one answer for each):
Yes No
V188. The moral problems and needs of the individual 1 2 V189. The problems of family life 1 2
V190. People’s spiritual needs 1 2
V191. The social problems facing our society 1 2
*[In non-Christian societies substitute “religious authorities” for “churches”!]*
(Show Card Y)
V192. How important is God in your life? Please use this scale to indicate. 10 means “very important” and 1 means
“not at all important.” (Code one number):
Not at all important Very important 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V193. Do you take some moments of prayer, meditation or contemplation or something like that?
1 Yes 2 No (Show Card Z)
How strongly do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? (Read out and code one answer for each statement):
Strongly
agree
Agree Neither agree nor
disagree
Disagree Strongly disagree V194. Politicians who do not believe in God are
unfit for public office.
1
2
3
4
5 V195. Religious leaders should not influence
how people vote in elections.
1
2
3
4
5 V196. It would be better for [Brazil]* if more
people with strong religious beliefs held public office.
1
2
3
4
5 V197. Religious leaders should not influence
government decisions.
1
2
3
4
5 * [Substitute your own nationality for “Brazil”]
(Show Card AA)
Please tell me for each of the following actions whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. (Read out and code one answer for each statement):
Never Always justifiable justifiable V198. Claiming government benefits to which you are not
entitled 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V199. Avoiding a fare on public transport 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V200. Cheating on taxes if you have a chance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V201. Someone accepting a bribe in the course of their duties 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V202. Homosexuality 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V203. Prostitution 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V204. Abortion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V205. Divorce 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V206. Euthanasia—ending of the life of the incurable sick 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V207. Suicide 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V208. For a man to beat his wife 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V209. How proud are you to be [French]*? (Read out and code one answer):
1 Very proud 2 Quite proud 3 Not very proud 4 Not at all proud
5 I am not [French]* (do not read out! Code only if volunteered!)
* [Substitute your own nationality for “French”]
(Show Card AB)
People have different views about themselves and how they relate to the world. Using this card, would you tell me how strongly you agree or disagree with each of the following statements about how you see yourself? (Read out and code one answer for each statement):
Strongly
agree
Agree Disagree Strongly disagree
V210. I see myself as a world citizen. 1 2 3 4
V211. I see myself as part of my local community. 1 2 3 4 V212. I see myself as part of the [French]* nation. 1 2 3 4 V213. I see myself as part of the [European Union]** 1 2 3 4 V214. I see myself as an autonomous individual. 1 2 3 4
* [Substitute your country’s nationality for “French”]
** [Substitute appropriate regional organization for “European Union”]
Are your mother or father immigrants to this country or not? Please, indicate separately for each of them (read out and code one answer for each):
Immigrant Not an immigrant
V215. Mother 1 2
V216. Father 1 2
In your opinion, how important should the following be as requirements for somebody seeking citizenship of your country? Specify for each requirement if you consider it as very important, rather important or not important (read out and code one answer for each requirement):
Very important Rather important Not important
V217. Having ancestors from my country 1 2 3
V218. Being born on my country’s soil 1 2 3
V219. Adopting the customs of my country 1 2 3
V220. Abiding by my country’s laws 1 2 3
(Show Card AC)
V221. Turning to the question of ethnic diversity, with which of the following views do you agree? Please use this scale to indicate your position (code one number):
Ethnic diversity Ethnic diversity erodes a country’s unity enriches life
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V222. What language do you normally speak at home? (Code one answer!) 1 English
2 Spanish 3 French 4 Chinese 5 Japanese
[NOTE: modify the list of languages to fit your own society. Optional if only one language is spoken!]
People use different sources to learn what is going on in their country and the world. For each of the following sources, please indicate whether you used it last week or did not use it last week to obtain information (read out and code one answer for each):
Used it last week Did not use it last week
V223. Daily newspaper 1 2
V224. News broadcasts on radio or TV 1 2
V225. Printed magazines 1 2
V226. In depth reports on radio or TV 1 2
V227. Books 1 2
V228. Internet, Email 1 2
V229. Talk with friends or colleagues 1 2
V230. How often, if ever, do you use a personal computer? (Read out and code one answer):
1 Never 2 Occasionally 3 Frequently
4 Don’t know what a computer is (do not read out, code only if volunteered!) (Show Card AD)
V231. If there were a national election tomorrow, for which party on this list would you vote? Just call out the number on this card. If you are uncertain, which party appeals to you most? (Code one answer):
01 Party 1 02 Party 2 03 Party 3 04 etc.
[NOTE: use two-digit code to cover the major parties in given society!]
V232. And which party would be your second choice? If you are uncertain, which one appeals you second most? (Code one answer):
01 Party 1 02 Party 2 03 Party 3 04 etc.
V233. And is there a party that you would never vote for? (Code one answer):
01 Party 1 02 Party 2 03 Party 3 04 etc.
[OPTIONAL]
V233a. Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a Christian Democrat, a Social Democrat, a supporter of some other party or don’t you have any strong party loyalty?
01 Party 1 02 Party 2 03 Party 3 04 Party 4 05 Non-partisan
[NOTE: This question is optional because it may not work in societies having a fragmented or unstable part system.
One can only name a few parties on card AA].
V234. Did you vote in your country’s recent elections to the national parliament? (Code one answer):
1 Yes 2 No DEMOGRAPHICS
V235. (Code respondent’s sex by observation):
1 Male 2 Female
V236. Can you tell me your year of birth, please? 19____ (write in last two digits)
V237. This means you are ____ years old (write in age in two digits).
V238. What is the highest educational level that you have attained? [NOTE: if respondent indicates to be a student, code highest level s/he expects to complete]:
1 No formal education 2 Incomplete primary school 3 Complete primary school
4 Incomplete secondary school: technical/vocational type 5 Complete secondary school: technical/vocational type 6 Incomplete secondary: university-preparatory type 7 Complete secondary: university-preparatory type 8 Some university-level education, without degree 9 University-level education, with degree
V239. At what age did you (or will you) complete your full time education, either at school or at an institution of higher education? Please exclude apprenticeships [NOTE: if respondent indicates to be a student, code highest level s/he expects to complete]:
________ (write in age in two digits)
V240. Do you live with your parents? (Code one answer):
1 Yes 2 No
V241. Are you employed now or not? If yes, about how many hours a week? If more than one job: only for the main job (code one answer):
Yes, has paid employment:
Full time employee (30 hours a week or more)
1 Part time employee (less than 30 hours a
week)
2
Self employed 3
No, no paid employment:
Retired/pensioned 4
Housewife not otherwise employed 5
Student 6
Unemployed 7
Other (write in):______________________ 8 (If answer is “yes,” continue with next question!
If answer is “no,” ask if respondent had a job in the past and continue with next question in case s/he DID!
If answer is “no” and respondent had NO job in the past, move on to V249!)
V242. In which profession/occupation are you doing most of your work? If you do not work currently, characterize your major work in the past! What is/was your job there?
_____________________ (write in and code due to list below but do not read out list!) 1 Employer/manager of establishment with 10 or more employees
2 Employer/manager of establishment with less than 10 employees 3 Professional worker lawyer, accountant, teacher, etc
4 Supervisory - office worker: supervises others.
5 Non-manual - office worker: non-supervisory 6 Foreman and supervisor
7 Skilled manual worker 8 Semi-skilled manual worker 9 Unskilled manual worker 10 Farmer: has own farm 11 Agricultural worker
12 Member of armed forces, security personnel 13 Never had a job
V243. Are you working for the government or public institution, for private business or industry, or for a private non- profit organization? If you do not work currently, characterize your major work in the past! Do you or did you work for (read out and code one answer):
1 Government or public institution 2 Private business or industry 3 Private non-profit organization
V244. Are the tasks you perform at work mostly manual or mostly cognitive? If you do not work currently, characterize your major work in the past. Use this scale where 1 means “mostly manual tasks” and 10 means
“mostly cognitive tasks” (code one answer):
Mostly manual tasks Mostly cognitive tasks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V245. Are the tasks you perform at work mostly routine tasks or mostly creative tasks? If you do not work currently, characterize your major work in the past. Use this scale where 1 means “mostly routine tasks” and 10 means
“mostly creative tasks” (code one answer):
Mostly routine tasks Mostly creative tasks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V246. How much independence do you have in performing your tasks at work? If you do not work currently, characterize your major work in the past. Use this scale to indicate your degree of independence where 1 means
“no independence at all” and 10 means “complete independence” (code one answer):
No independence at all Complete independence
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V247. Do you or did you supervise other people at work? (Code one answer):
1 Yes 2 No
V248. Are you the chief wage earner in your household? (Code one answer):
1 Yes (in this case skip next two questions and continue with V250!) 2 No (in this case continue with next question!)
V249. Is the chief wage earner of your household employed now or not? (Code one answer):
1 Yes 2 No
V250. In which profession/occupation does he/she work (or did work)? If more than one job, the main job? What is/was his/her job there?
_____________________ (write in and code due to list below but do not read out list!) 1 Employer/manager of establishment with 10 or more employees
2 Employer/manager of establishment with less than 10 employees 3 Professional worker lawyer, accountant, teacher, etc
4 Supervisory - office worker: supervises others.
5 Non-manual - office worker: non-supervisory 6 Foreman and supervisor
7 Skilled manual worker 8 Semi-skilled manual worker 9 Unskilled manual worker 10 Farmer: has own farm 11 Agricultural worker
12 Member of armed forces, security personnel 13 Never had a job
V251. During the past year, did your family (read out and code one answer):
1 Save money 2 Just get by
3 Spent some savings
4 Spent savings and borrowed money
V252. People sometimes describe themselves as belonging to the working class, the middle class, or the upper or lower class. Would you describe yourself as belonging to the (read out and code one answer):
1 Upper class 2 Upper middle class 3 Lower middle class 4 Working class 5 Lower class (Show Card AE)
V253. On this card is a scale of incomes on which 1 indicates the “lowest income decile” and 10 the “highest income decile” in your country. We would like to know in what group your household is. Please, specify the appropriate number, counting all wages, salaries, pensions and other incomes that come in. (Code one number):
Lowest decile Highest decile 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V254. (Code how interested the respondent was during the interview):
1 Respondent was very interested 2 Respondent was somewhat interested 3 Respondent was not interested
V255. (Code size of town):
1 Under 2,000 2 2,000 - 5,000 3 5 - 10,000 4 10 - 20,000
5 20 - 50,000 6 50 - 100,000 7 100 - 500,000 8 500,000 and more
V256. (Code ethnic group by observation):
1 Caucasian white 2 Negro Black
3 South Asian Indian, Pakistani, etc.
4 East Asian Chinese, Japanese, etc.
5 Arabic, Central Asian
6 Other (write in): _____________________________
V257. (Code region where the interview was conducted):
1 New England 2 Middle Atlantic states 3 South Atlantic 4 East South Central 5 West South Central 6 East North Central 7 West North Central 8 Rocky Mountain states 9 Northwest 10 California
[NOTE: use 2-digit regional code appropriate to your own society]
V258. (Code language in which interview was conducted):
1 English 2 French 3 Spanish
[NOTE: if relevant, use codes appropriate to your own society]
V259. Weight variable (Provide a 4-digit weight variable to correct your sample to reflect national distributions of key variables. If no weighting is necessary, simply code each case as “1.” It is especially important to correct for education. For example, if your sample contains 10 percent more university-educated respondents as there are in the adult population, members of this group should be downweighted by 10 percent, giving them a weight of .90).
