第五章 結論
第一節 管理意涵與建議
本研究對管理實務界具體提出以下四點建議。首先，外部環境的變化加速進
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行，企業的創新也隨之出現革命性的改變，如同開放式創新的興起，企業應該思 考開放式創新管理的背後真正意涵，並針對企業體本身進行策略上的調整。未來 企業的創新研發策略可朝跨國技術授權與建立技術交易平台，並與政府部門的政 策搭配，活化公部門的研發成果與智慧財產，並以網絡型組織的型態發展技術創 新與產品創新。
其次，組織要強化對外部知識與技術的吸收能力，培養辨識、利用對組織有 價值的外部知識的能力，例如可藉由內部教育訓練活動提升員工的能力，或在選 用新進人員時，選擇擁有豐富經驗、知識與技術的專業人才，亦可透過提高研發 投資的方式，促進知識的有效獲取。當企業有效吸收外部獲得的知識，並能將此 運用於內部研究發展，便可顯著提升內部研發能力，促進創新產出。
另外，除了擁有獲取外部技術知識的吸收能力，尚需要發展內部知識整合能 力。知識就是力量，特別是對目前知識經濟當道的時代而言更是如此，而這有賴 企業的知識管理機制的建立與推行，促進知識的儲蓄，強化競爭優勢。例如任命 企業知識長(Chief Knowledge Officer)，建立知識管理部門，增進組織內部的知識流 通與擴散，發展有利於組織知識整合的方法，提升組織整體的知識整合能力，創 造更佳的創新績效。
最後，開放式創新的概念就是企業應突破以往的封閉疆界，有計畫地善用內 部及外部的知識與創新資源，促進企業內部創新並將創新成果擴散至外部市場。
而企業若能結合外部夥伴共同創新，利用外部力量協助創新，或是將企業內部研 發成果移轉給其他企業進行創新活動，可以獲得較佳的創新成果。因此，企業應 建立一個開放的環境，避免發展單打獨鬥的策略，對內建立共享、開放的組織文 化；對外參與或建構開放式創新平台，多方與外部進行技術交流。強化企業與外 部的連結，並保持一個暢通的管道，讓內外部的知識可以自行互動、流通，如此 才能將開放式創新的效用發揮到最大。
83 第二節 研究貢獻與限制
近年來開放式創新的相關研究逐漸崛起、盛行，然而過去的研究多探討其與 創新績效之關係，未涉及、加入知識整合能力的相關討論。因此，本研究主要的 貢獻在於提供企業採取開放式創新對知識整合能力與創新績效的影響，並將知識 整合能力納入開放式創新與創新績效之間的互動關係，再經由大規模的問卷調查 作出分析，而研究結果證實影響創新績效之變項除了外部技術網絡與吸收能力之 外，知識整合能力亦會對創新績效產生影響。這表示欲提升組織創新績效，需要 提高企業的知識吸收能力，積極推動知識管理，建構獲取外部技術的網絡關係，
以及重視與外部的知識交流。
由於知識的取得、整合、分享與創新互為一體，更是開放式創新環境下促進 創新績效的關鍵，而高科技產業更是支持我國經濟發展的重要產業，亦是我國政 府扶持發展的重點。因此，本研究建議後續研究可以對開放式創新領域進行更深 入的探討，更進一步地作為未來產、官、學界推動開放式創新策略及思考下一步 創新方向的參考依據。
在研究限制部分，儘管本研究對初級及次級資料作出歸納整理，但難免有疏 失等不足之處，有待相關領域專家及後續研究者的指正與持續探索。首先，本研 究僅以我國高科技產業為研究對象，若後續研究能將研究範圍擴大至其他產業，
或是進行跨國的比較，找出不同產業在外部技術網絡、吸收能力，以及知識整合 能力與創新績效之差異性，進而提出更為廣泛的結論，將使研究結果更形完整。
其次，本研究建立一個觀念性架構，探討外部技術網絡、吸收能力，以及知識整 合能力與創新績效的關係，卻忽略外在情境因素可能對各個研究構面的影響，未 來研究可根據研究需要或在本研究架構上加入其他變項予以探討，例如市場競爭 程度、環境變動等，使研究成果更為全面性。最後，由於本研究係以主觀衡量方 式進行資訊的調查與蒐集，建議未來研究發展更為客觀的次級資料衡量指標，或
84 是搭配公開的資料庫進行實證研究。
此外，本研究並未找出外部技術網絡、吸收能力與組織創新績效之間的中介 變數，或許在文獻回顧的過程中並未詳加考慮其他可能的影響因素。因此，在外 部技術網絡、吸收能力與創新績效之間仍可能存在其他的中介變數，建議後續研 究者可加入可能之相關變數予以探討。
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