所有實驗數據以至少三次個別實驗之平均值標準差(mean ± S.E.)表 示,使用Student’s t-test 來比較實驗組與對照組之差異。*表示 p<0.05;
**表示 p<0.01;***表示 p<0.001,p 值小於 0.05 以下時,則具統計意 義。
參考文獻
(1) Fu LG. China plant red data book-Rare and endangered plants. Chinese Science Press (Beijing) 1992; 1:234-235.
(2) 晁 威;雪蓮花及其藥理作用。食品與藥品,2005 年第 7 卷第 4 期。
(3) 劉勇民主編;新疆維吾爾藥志(上)。烏魯木齊,新疆科技衛生出版社,
1999,p 490.
(4) 謝宗方;中藥材品種論述 (中)。上海科學技術出版社,1984, 349-358.
(5) 王願康、林章代、何侃等;新疆雪蓮化學成分研究。藥學報,1986;
21:680-682.
(6) 宋治中、賈忠建;新疆雪蓮化學成分研究(Ⅵ)。中草藥,1990; 21:4-5.
(7) 韓書亮;大苞雪蓮花四種成分抗癌作用研究:癌變、畸變、突變。1995;
7: 80-83.
(8) 李君山、蔡少青;雪蓮花類藥材的化學和研究進展。中國藥學雜誌,
1998; 33:449-452.
(9) Jia JM, Wu CF, Liu W, Yu H, Hao Y, Zheng JH, Ji YR.
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the tissue culture of Saussurea involucrata. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:1612-1614.
(10) Yi T, Zhao ZZ, Yu ZL, Chen HB. Comparison of the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of three medicinal plants known as “Snow
Lotus” herb in traditional Uighur and Tibetan medicines. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 128:405-411.
(11) Qiu JA, Xue XF, Chen FD, Li CG, Bolat N, Wang XJ, Baima Y, Zhao QA, Zhao DX, Ma FS. Quality evaluation of snow lotus (Saussurea):
quantitative chemical analysis and antioxidant activity assessment. Plant Cell Rep 2010; 29:1325-1337.
(12) Xiao W, Li XA, Li N, Bolati M, Wang XJ, Jia XG, Zhao YQ.
Sesquiterpene lactones from Saussurea involucrata. Fitoterapia (2011).
(13) 張本國、方枚、尹極峰等;雪蓮注射液再疼痛治療中的實驗研究及 臨床應用。中華麻醉學雜誌,1995; 1: 24.
(14) 何新、李觀海、陳漢瑜;新疆雪蓮黃酮的抗炎鎮痛作用機理研究。
西北藥學雜誌,1990; 5:17.
(15) 鄭榮梁、劉光順、邢光新等;大苞雪蓮花多糖清除自由基及抗疲勞 作用。中國藥理學報,1993; 14:47-49.
(16) 黃慶軍、劉惠敏、甘露;雪蓮對力竭性游泳小鼠行為和免疫功能的 影響。中國行為醫學科學,2004; 13:14.
(17) Yang JM, Hung CM, Fu CN, Lee JC, Huang CH, Yang MH, Lin CL, Kao JY, Way TD. Hispidulin Sensitizes Human Ovarian Cancer Cells to
TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis by AMPK Activation Leading to Mcl-1 Block in Translation. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:10020-10026.
(18) Lin YC, Hung CM, Tsai JC, Lee JC, Chen YL, Wei CW, Kao JY, Way TD. Hispidulin potently inhibits human glioblastoma multiforme cells through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:9511-9517.
(19) Razdan TK. J Indian Chem Soc 1974; 5:910-917.
(20) 王浴生、鄧文龍、薛春生;中藥藥理與應用(第二版)。北京人民衛生 出版社,1998, 960.
(21) 林秀珍、王國祥;雪蓮多糖對大鼠子宮的作用。藥學學報,1986;
27:220-222.
(22) 趙德修、趙麗麗;雪蓮花的研究進展。中國藥學雜誌,1996.
(23) 王慧春、徐文華;藏藥雪蓮花的研究進展。青海大學學報,2001;
19:7.
(24) Ciardiello, F. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents. Drugs 2000; 60:25-32.
(25) Riese DJ, Stern DF. Specificity within the EGF family/erbB receptor family signaling network. Bioessays 1998; 20:41-48.
(26) Flynn JF, Wong C, Wu JM. Anti-EGFR Therapy: Mechanism and advances in clinical efficacy in breast cancer. J Oncol 2009; 1-16.
(27) Wheeler DL. Understanding resistance to EGFR inhibitors-impact on future treatment strategies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2010; 7:493-507.
(28) Yarden Y, Sliwkowski MX. Untangling the ErbB signaling network. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2001; 2:127-137.
(29) Olayioye MA, Neve RM, Lane HA, Hynes NE. The ErbB signaling network: receptor heterodimerization in development and cancer. EMBO J 2000; 19:3159-3167.
(30) Lo HW and Hung MC. Nuclear EGFR signaling network in cancers:
linking EGFR pathway to cell cycle progression, nitric oxide pathway and patient survival. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:184-188.
(31) Prenzel N, Fischer OM, Streit S, Ullrich A. The epidermal growth factor receptor family as a central element for cellular signal transduction and diversification. Endocr Relat Cancer 2001; 8:11-31.
(32) Dutta PR, Maity A. Cellular responses to EGFR inhibitors and their relevance to cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2007; 254:165-177.
(33) Harari PM. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition strategies in oncology. Endocr Relat Cancer 2004; 11:689-708.
(34) Di Lorenzo G, Tortor, G, D'Armiento FP, De Rosa G, Staibano S, Autorino R, D'Armiento M, De Laurentiis M, De Placido S, Catalano G, Bianco AR, Ciardiello F. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor correlates with disease relapse and progression to androgen- independence in human prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2002;
8:3438-3444.
(35) Itoh N, Patel U, Skinner MK. Developmental and hormonal regulation of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression in isolated prostatic epithelial and stromal cells.
Endocrinology 1998; 139:1369-1377.
(36) Festuccia C, Gravina GL, Angelucci A, Millimaggi D, Muzi P, Vicentini C, Bologna M. Additive antitumor effects of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib (Iressa), and the non-steroidal antiandrogen, bicalutamide (Casodex), in prostate cancer cells in vitro.
Int J Cancer 2005; 115:630-640.
(37) Schlessinger J. Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases. Cell 2000;
103:211-225.
(38) Liu P, Cheng H, Roberts TM, Zhao JJ. Targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2009; 8:627-644.
(39) Yu H, Jove R. The STATs of cancer--new molecular targets come of age.
Nat Rev Cancer 2004; 4:97-105.
(40) Hennessy BT, Smith DL, Ram PT, Lu Y, Mills GB. Exploiting the PI3K/AKT pathway for cancer drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2005; 4:988-1004.
(41) Shah M and Schwartz G. Cell Cycle-mediated Drug Resistance: An emerging concept in cancer therapy. Clini Cancer Res 2009;
7:2168-2181.
(42) Dehay C, Kennedy H. Cell-cycle Control and Cortical Development. Nat Rev Neurosci 2007; 8:438-450.
(43) Jeffrey RJ, Denis RP, Mohammed MD, and Pearl SH. Targeted anti-mitotic therapies: can we improve on tubulin agents? Nat Rev Cancer 2007; 7:107-117.
(44) Viktorsson K, Petris L, Lewensohn R. The role of p53 in treatment responses of lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005;
331:868-880.
(45) Smith ML, Fornace AJ. Mammalian DNA damage-inducible genes associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. Mutat Res 1996;
340:109-124.
(46) Marcos M, Mariano B. Cell cycle kinases in cancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2007; 17:60-65.
(47) Carnero A. Targeting the cell cycle for cancer therapy. Br J Cancer 2002;
87:129-133.
(48) Abukhdeir AM, Park BH. The p21 and p27: roles in carcinogenesis and drug resistance. Expert Rev Mol Med 2008; 10:e19.
(49) Meloche S, Pouysségur J. The ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway as a master regulator of the G1- to S-phase transition. Oncogene 2007; 26:3227-3239.
(50) Polager S, Ginsberg D. E2F-at the crossroads of life and death. Trends Cell Biol 2008; 18:528-535.
(51) Lania L, Majello B, Napolitano G. Transcriptional control by cell-cycle regulators. J Cell Physiol 1999; 179:134-141.
(52) Galaktionov K, Beach D. Specific activation of cdc25 tyrosine phosphatases by B-type cyclins: evidence for multiple roles of mitotic cyclins. Cell 1991; 67:1181-1194.
(53) Nagata A, Igarashi M, Kanaoka Y, Nojima H, Okayama H. Cdc25A is a novel phosphatase functioning early in the cell cycle. EMBO J 1994;
13:1549-1556.
(54) Blomberg I, Hoffmann I. Ectopic expression of Cdc25A accelerates the G1/S transition and leads to premature activation of cyclin E- and cyclin A-dependent kinases. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:6183-6194.
(55) Sherr CJ. G1 phase progression: cycling on cue. Cell 1994; 79:551-555.
(56) Hunter T, Pines J. Cyclins and cancer II: Cyclin D and CDK inhibitors come of age. Cell 1994; 79:573-582.
(57) Harper JW, Elledge SJ, Keyomarsi K, Dynlacht B, Tsai LH, Zhang P, Dobrowolski S, Bai C, Connell-Crowley L, Swindell E. Inhibition of cyclin- dependent kinases by p21. Mol Biol Cell 1995; 6:387-400.
(58) Morgan DO. Principles of CDK regulation. Nature 1995; 374:131-134.
(59) Vinals F, Chambard JC, Pouyssegur J. p70 S6 kinase-mediated protein synthesis is a critical step for vascular endothelial cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:26776-26782.
(60) Malumbres M, Barbacid M. To cycle or not to cycle: a critical decision in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2001; 1:222-231.
(61) Smith RA, Cokkinides V, Brawley OW. Cancer screening in the United States, 2009: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin 2009; 59:27-41.
(62) Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao YP, Xu JQ, Thun MJ, Cancer Statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 2009; 59:225-249.
(63) Griffiths K, Eaton CL, Harper ME, Turkes A, Peeling WB. Hormonal treatment of advanced disease: some newer aspects. Semin Oncol 1994;
21:672-687.
(64) Agarwal R. Cell signaling and regulators of cell cycle as molecular targets for prostate cancer prevention by dietary agents. Biochem Pharmacol 2000; 60:1051-1059.
(65) Lee JT, Lehmann BD, Terrian DM, Chappell WH, Stivala F, Libra M, Martelli AM, Steelman LS, McCubrey JA. Targeting prostate cancer based on signal transduction and cell cycle pathways. Cell Cycle 2008;
7:1745–1762.
(66) Agarwal BB, Shishodia S. Dietary agents with anti-cancer properties.
Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 71:1397-1421.
(67) Khan N, Afaq F, Mukhtar H. Apoptosis by dietary factors: the suicide solution for delaying cancer growth. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28:233-239.
(68) Fu CX, Xu YJ, Zhao DX, Ma FS. A comparison between hairy root cultures and wild plants of Saussurea involucrata in phenylpropanoids production. Plant Cell Rep 2006; 24:750-754.
(69) Chiang PC, Lin SC, Pan SL, Kuo CH, Tsai IL, Kuo MT, Wen WC, Chen P, Guh JH. Antroquinonol displays anticancer potential against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells: a crucial role of AMPK and mTOR pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:162-171.
(70) Li ZF, Wang ZD, Ji YY, Zhang S, Huang C, Li J, Xia XM. Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human HCC MHCC97H cells with Chrysanthemum indicum extract. World J Gastroenterol 2009;
15:4538-4546.
(71) Li P, Nijhawan D, Wang X. Mitochondrial activation of apoptosis. Cell 2004; 116:57-59.
(72) Fesik SW. Promoting apoptosis as a strategy for cancer drug discovery.
Nat Rev Cancer 2005; 5:876-885.
(73) Xiao X, Wu J, Zhu X, Zhao P, Zhou J, Liu QQ, Zheng L, Zeng M, Liu R, Huang W. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by ZD6474, an inhibitor of VEGFR tyrosine kinase with additional activity against EGFR tyrosine kinase. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:2095-2104.
(74) Kuo PT, Lin TP, Liu LC, Huang CH, Lin JK, Kao JY, Way TD.
Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose suppresses prostate cancer bone
metastasis by transcriptionally repressing EGF-induced MMP-9 expression. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:3331-3339.
(75) Way TD, Lin HY, Kuo DH, Tsai SJ, Shieh JC, Wu JC, Lee MR, Lin JK.
Pu-erh tea attenuates hyperlipogenesis and induces hepatoma cells growth arrest through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in human HepG2 cells. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:5257-5264.
(76) Tomayko MM, Reynolds CP. Determination of subcutaneous tumor size in athymic (nude) mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1989;
24:148-154.