第五章 結論與建議
第二節 對後續研究的建議
本研究以全球最大的資本市場-美國股市為研究對象,探討處分效果跟規模效
果之間的關係。然而,受限於研究時間及資料的取得方式,我們在實證研究上仍
遭遇到一些限制。對於後續的研究者,我們提供下列的建議:
一、 本研究僅以單一市場美國股市為研究對象,後續的研究可以擴大研究對
象的範圍於國際股票市場,並且可以進一步的探討市場成熟度對於處分效
果及規模效果的影響。
二、 本研究的研究期間為西元 2000 年 1 月 1 日到 2015 年 6 月 30 日,其中
研究期間只到 2015 年 6 月 30 日,乃是因為本校 Datastream 的購買僅到該
時點為止。後續研究者可以延長研究期間,亦即可將研究期間延長至最近
或是向前追溯到 2000 年以前。
三、 本研究對於處分效果及規模效果之相互關係的調查僅使用多元迴歸分
析進行線性關係的調查,以及採用 Granger causality 進行因果關係調查,
後續的研究者可以進一步探討處分效果及規模效果之間的領先落後關係
及傳導效果等互依性的調查。
參考文獻
張志向,2016,處分效果、私房錢效果與股票特徵之關係的實證研究:來自臺灣、
香港與中國的證據,科技部專題研究計畫申請書。
Alhenawi, Y. (2015). On the interaction between momentum effect and size effect. Review of Financial Economics, 26, 36-46.
Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2014). Resurrecting the size effect: Evidence from a panel nonlinear cointegration model for the G7 stock markets. Review of Financial Economics, 23(1), 46-53.
Atanasov, V., & Nitschka, T. (2017). Firm size, economic risks, and the cross-section of international stock returns. North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 39, 110-126.
Balakrishnan, A., & Maiti, M. (2017). Dynamics of size and value factors in stock returns: Evidence from India. Indian Journal of Finance, 11(6), 21-35.
Banz, R. W. (1981). The relationship between return and market value of common stocks. Journal of Financial Economics, 9(1), 3-18.
Bettman, J. L., Ng, W. S. K., & Sault, S. J. (2011). The economic significance of trading based on the size effect in Australia. Australian Journal of Management, 36(1), 59-73.
Braga, R., & Fávero, L. P. L. (2017). Disposition effect and tolerance to losses in stock investment decisions: An Experimental Study. Journal of Behavioral Finance, Article in Press, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427560.2017.1308946.
Cakici, N., Tang, Y., & Yan, A. (2016). Do the size, value, and momentum factors drive stock returns in emerging markets? Journal of International Money and Finance, 69, 179-204.
Chang, C.-H., & Lin, S.-J. (2015). The effects of national culture and behavioral pitfalls on investors' decision-making: Herding behavior in international stock markets. International Review of Economics & Finance, 37, 380-392
Chang, C.-H., Huang, H.-H., Chang, Y.-C., & Lin, T.-Y., (2015). Exploring the effect of stock characteristics on investors’ trading behavior and psychological pitfalls. Managerial Finance, 41(12), 1298-1317.
Chou, R. K., & Wang, Y. Y. (2011). A test of the different implications of the overconfidence and disposition hypotheses. Journal of Banking &
Finance, 35(8), 2037-2046.
Chuang, W. I., & Lee, B. S. (2006). An empirical evaluation of the overconfidence hypothesis. Journal of Banking & Finance, 30(9), 2489-2515.
Cici, G. (2012). The prevalence of the disposition effect in mutual funds’ trades.
Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 47(4), 795-820.
Da Costa, N., Goulart, M., Cupertino, C., Macedo, J., & Da Silva, S. (2013). The disposition effect and investor experience. Journal of Banking &
Finance, 37(5), 1669-1675.
De Groot, C. G., & Verschoor, W. F. (2002). Further evidence on Asian stock return behavior. Emerging Markets Review, 3(2), 179-193.
De Moor, L., & Sercu, P. (2013). The smallest firm effect: An international study. Journal of International Money and Finance, 32, 129-155.
Dissanaike, G. (2002). Does the size effect explain the UK winner ‐ loser Effect? Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 29(1‐2), 139-154.
Elfakhani, S., Lockwood, L. J., & Zaher, T. S. (1998). Small firm and value effects in the Canadian stock market. Journal of Financial Research, 21(3), 277-291.
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (2012). Size, value, and momentum in international stock returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 105(3), 457-472.
Fischbacher, U., Hoffmann, G., & Schudy, S. (2017). The causal effect of stop-loss and take-gain orders on the disposition effect. Review of Financial Studies, 30(6), 2110-2129.
Frino, A., Lepone, G., & Wright, D. (2015). Investor characteristics and the
disposition effect. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 31, 1-12.
Fu, R., & Wedge, L. (2011). Board independence and mutual fund manager turnover. Financial Review, 46(4), 621-641.
Hoffmann, A. O., & Post, T. (2014). Self-attribution bias in consumer financial decision-making: How investment returns affect individuals’ belief in skill. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 52, 23-28.
Ilaboya, O. J., & Ohiokha, I. F. (2016). Firm Age, Size and Profitability Dynamics: A Test of Learning by Doing and Structural Inertia Hypotheses. Business and Management Research, 5(1), 29.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-292.
Kato, K., & Schallheim, J. S. (1985). Seasonal and size anomalies in the Japanese stock market. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 20(2), 243-260.
Kaustia, M. (2004). Market-wide impact of the disposition effect: Evidence from IPO trading volume. Journal of Financial Markets, 7(2), 207-235.
Keim, D. B. (1983). Size-related anomalies and stock return seasonality: Further empirical evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 12(1), 13-32.
Lau, S. T., Lee, C. T., & McInish, T. H. (2002). Stock returns and beta, firms size, E/P, CF/P, book-to-market, and sales growth: Evidence from Singapore and Malaysia. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 12(3), 207-222.
Lischewski, J., & Voronkova, S. (2012). Size, value and liquidity. Do they really matter on an emerging stock market? Emerging Markets Review, 13(1), 8-25.
Locke, P. R., & Mann, S. C. (2005). Professional trader discipline and trade disposition. Journal of Financial Economics, 76(2), 401-444.
Menkhoff, L., Schmeling, M., & Schmidt, U. (2013). Overconfidence, experience, and professionalism: An experimental study. Journal of Economic Behavior &
Organization, 86, 92-101.
Odean, T. (1998). Are investors reluctant to realize their losses? Journal of Finance, 53(5), 1775-1798.
Rau, H. A. (2015). The disposition effect in team investment decisions: Experimental evidence. Journal of Banking & Finance, 61, 272-282.
Reinganum, M. R. (1983). The anomalous stock market behavior of small firms in January: Empirical tests for tax-loss selling effects. Journal of Financial Economics, 12(1), 89-104.
Said, S. E., & Dickey, D. A. (1984). Testing for unit roots in autoregressive-moving average models of unknown order. Biometrika, 71(3), 599-607.
Shapira, Z., & Venezia, I. (2001). Patterns of behavior of professionally managed and independent investors. Journal of Banking & Finance, 25(8), 1573-1587.
Shefrin, H., & Statman, M. (1985). The disposition to sell winners too early and ride losers too long: Theory and evidence. Journal of Finance, 40(3), 777-790.
Umutlu, M., & Shackleton, M. B. (2015). Stock-return volatility and daily equity trading by investor groups in Korea. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 34, 43-70.
Wang, X. (2000). Size effect, book-to-market effect, and survival. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 10(3), 257-273.
Weber, M., & Camerer, C. F. (1998). The disposition effect in securities trading: An experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 33(2), 167-184.