• 沒有找到結果。

第六章、 結論及建議

第二節 建議

一、廢紙回收再製廠勞工以男性佔大多數,可見屬於勞動力較重之工業。

基於保護勞工免於因作業導致之聽力損失,建議該作業區應加強實 施聽力保護計畫等要項[ 6]

二、對於噪音作業造成 DNA 損傷情形,期盼繼續更深入研究其致病機轉 及真正原因並排除 DNA 損傷因素,做為廢紙回收再製廠勞工減輕職 業性危害及預防疾病的產生。

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表一、造紙廠員工工作類別及問卷回收統計

類別 職稱 員工人數 總數 填寫問卷人數 回收問卷總數 問卷回收率(%)

行政部門 58 46 79.3

庶務 46 41

推銷 1 1

行銷 11 4

其它作業 125 123 98.4

發貨 44 43

堆肥 10 10

營繕 34 34

電儀 5 5

動力 16 16

品管 16 15

製漿作業 65 61 93.9

散漿 65 61

抄紙作業 93 91 97.8

烘缸 48 48

複捲 45 43

總計 341 321 94.1

表二、造紙廠四種作業類別員工其人口學特徵比較(一)

性別比(男/女)32/8(14.4) 88/7(34.9) 53/0(19.8) 86/0(30.9) <0.01

教育程度 <0.01

表三、造紙廠四種作業類別員工其人口學特徵之比較(二) 29(72.5) 51(54.8) 25(50.0) 49(61.2) 54(58.6)

小孩人數 0.46

表四、造紙廠四種作業類別員工其嗜好習慣之比較(一)

有 25(64.1) 34(36.2) 30(55.6) 46(54.1) 135(49.6)

沒有 10(25.6) 48(51.1) 18(33.3) 18(27.1) 99(36.4)

表五、造紙廠四種作業類別員工其嗜好習慣之比較(二)

不喝 11(27.5)24(25.5) 7(12.7)10(11.8) 52(19.0)

偶爾喝 21(52.5)47(50.0)29(52.7)42(49.4) 139(50.7)

每天喝 8(20.0)23(24.5)19(34.6)33(38.8) 83(30.3)

喝咖啡習慣 0.23

不喝 16(40.0)48(51.6)31(56.4)35(41.2) 130(47.6)

偶爾喝 23(57.5)39(41.9)22(40.0)48(56.5) 132(48.4)

每天喝 1(2.5) 6(6.5) 2(3.6) 2(2.3) 11(4.0)

吃檳榔習慣 <0.01

從來沒有 32(84.2)75(81.7)32(59.3)40(48.2) 179(67.0)

已戒掉 3(7.9) 11(11.8)14(26.9)16(19.3) 44(16.5)

偶爾 11(27.5)16(17.0)18(34.0)27(32.5) 72(26.7)

每天 26(6.5) 73(77.7)31(58.4)53(63.9) 183(67.7)

吃宵夜習慣 <0.01

沒有 14(35.0)46(49.5)12(22.2)15(17.9) 87(32.1)

偶爾 25(62.5)45(48.4)36(66.7)61(72.6) 167(61.6)

每天 1(2.5) 2(2.1) 6(11.1) 8(7.5) 17(6.3)

表六、紙廠四種作業類別員工其嗜好習慣之比較(三)

表七、造紙廠四種作業類別員工防護具使用情形

有 15(37.5) 70(75.3) 40(76.3) 64(74.4) 189(69.7) 沒有 10(25.0) 15(16.1) 8(15.4) 19(22.1) 52(19.2)

<4 3(27.3) 28(48.3) 31(88.6) 33(70.2) 95(62.9)

>4 8(7.7) 30(51.7) 4(11.4) 14(29.8) 56(37.1) 穿工作服時間

(小時) <0.01

<4 0(0.0) 6(15.0) 1(5.0) 1(3.6) 8(8.7)

>4 4(100.0) 34(85.0) 19(95.0) 27(96.4) 84(91.3) 穿防熱衣褲時

表八、造紙廠員工對工作滿意度之探討

極不滿意 不滿意 尚可 滿意 非常滿意 mean±SD

工廠福利 1(0.3)a 9(3.0) 140(46.2) 145(47.9) 8(2.6) 2.5±0.6

工作待遇 2(0.7) 13(4.2) 137(45.2) 142(46.9) 9(3.0) 2.5±0.6

工作保障 1(0.3) 13(4.3) 117(38.6) 167(55.1) 15(1.7) 2.5±0.6

升遷機會 4(1.3) 26(8.6) 139(46.0) 128(42.4) 5(1.7) 2.3±0.7

人際關係 2(0.7) 0(0.0) 78(25.7) 206(68.0) 17(5.6) 2.8±0.6

領導管理方式 4(1.3) 9(3.0) 125(41.5) 158(52.5) 5(1.7) 2.5±0.7

工作氣氛 2(0.7) 6(2.0) 110(36.3) 178(58.7) 7(2.3) 2.6±0.6

受重視程度 1(0.3) 4(1.3) 135(45.0) 155(51.7) 5(1.7) 2.5±0.6

註:a n(%)

表九、造紙廠員工工作壓力發生頻率之分布

從未如此 很少如此 偶爾發生 經常如此 總是如此 mean±SD

責任重 20(7.2)a 41(14.7) 136(48.8) 64(22.9) 18(6.4) 2.0±1.0 突發狀況多 21(7.2) 62(21.2) 149(51.0) 46(15.8) 14(4.8) 1.9±0.9 時間不夠 57(19.6) 95(32.7) 106(36.4) 29(10.0) 4(1.3) 1.4±1.0 工作量大 58(20.0) 105(36.1) 89(30.6) 33(11.3) 6(2.0) 1.4±1.0 工作單調 76(26.6) 122(42.7) 65(22.7) 16(5.6) 7(2.4) 1.4±1.0 缺乏興趣 100(35.3) 109(38.5) 67(23.7) 7(2.5) 0(0.0) 1.1±1.3 才能受限 85(29.7) 113(39.5) 67(23.4) 18(6.3) 3(1.1) 0.9±0.9 重複性高 49(17.0) 61(21.2) 72(25.0) 71(24.7) 35(12.1) 1.1±1.3 不受尊重 101(34.7) 135(42.4) 44(15.1) 7(2.4) 4(1.4) 0.9±0.8 主管不欣賞 120(41.4) 123(42.4) 37(12.8) 7(2.4) 3(1.0) 0.8±0.8 與其他單位難配合 125(43.1) 122(42.1) 39(13.5) 3(1.0) 1(0.3) 0.7±0.8 氣氛不和諧 108(37.0) 148(50.7) 33(11.3) 3(1.0) 0(0.0) 0.8±0.7 管理制度不合理 98(34.1) 113(39.4) 60(21.0) 15(5.2) 1(0.3) 1.0±0.9 考核制度不合理 101(35.3) 105(36.7) 54(18.9) 19(6.6) 7(2.5) 1.0±0.9 缺乏成就感 111(35.8) 97(33.7) 64(22.2) 12(4.2) 4(1.4) 1.0±1.0 要求過多 79(27.0) 104(35.5) 70(23.9) 33(11.3) 7(2.4) 1.3±1.1 缺乏伸展 89(30.7) 109(37.6) 46(15.9) 39(13.4) 7(2.4) 1.2±1.1 處理危險物品 75(26.0) 107(37.2) 71(24.7) 22(7.6) 13(4.5) 1.3±1.1 輪班 92(31.3) 41(14.0) 24(8.1) 33(11.2) 104(35.4) 2.1±1.8 耗費體力 52(18.1) 74(25.7) 119(41.3) 30(10.4) 13(4.5) 1.6±1.0

註:a n(%)

表十、造紙廠員工工作壓力感受程度之分布

沒有壓力 些微壓力 尚可 有壓力 非常有壓力 mean±SD 責任重 21(7.2)a 56(19.3) 121(41.7) 82(28.3) 10(3.5) 2.0±1.0 突發狀況多 27(9.7) 44(15.7) 138(49.3) 62(22.1) 9(3.2) 1.9±0.9 時間不夠 51(18.3) 35(12.5) 161(57.7) 31(11.1) 1(0.4) 1.6±0.9 工作量大 53(19.0) 42(15.1) 142(51.1) 38(13.7) 3(1.1) 1.5±1.0 工作單調 66(23.7) 25(9.0) 177(63.7) 10(3.6) 0(0.0) 1.4±0.9 缺乏興趣 72(25.9) 34(12.2) 162(63.7) 10(3.6) 0(0.0) 1.4±0.9 才能受限 67(24.3) 36(13.0) 159(57.6) 14(5.1) 0(0.0) 1.4±0.9 重複性高 64(23.1) 29(10.5) 159(57.4) 23(8.3) 2(0.7) 1.5±1.0 不受尊重 89(32.4) 29(10.6) 146(53.1) 10(3.6) 1(0.3) 1.3±1.0 主管不欣賞 97(35.0) 30(10.8) 136(49.1) 11(4.0) 3(1.1) 1.3±1.0 與其他單位難配合 97(35.2) 31(11.2) 131(47.5) 15(5.4) 2(0.7) 1.3±1.0 氣氛不和諧 102(37.1) 37(13.4) 128(46.6) 8(2.9) 0(0.0) 1.2±1.0 管理制度不合理 83(29.8) 40(14.3) 136(48.7) 20(7.2) 0(0.0) 1.3±1.0 考核制度不合理 88(30.0) 23(8.3) 143(51.6) 21(7.6) 2(0.7) 1.4±1.0 缺乏成就感 83(35.8) 28(10.1) 153(55.2) 12(4.3) 1(0.4) 1.4±1.0 要求過多 68(54.6) 46(16.65)136(49.1) 25(9.0) 2(0.7) 1.4±1.0 缺乏伸展 77(27.9) 37(13.4) 150(54.3) 11(4.0) 1(0.4) 1.4±1.0 處理危險物品 66(23.9) 49(17.8) 118(42.7) 33(12.0) 10(3.6) 1.5±1.0 輪班 85(30.9) 23(8.4) 125(45.4) 34(12.4) 8(2.9) 1.5±1.0 耗費體力 63(22.4) 44(15.6) 146(52.0) 25(8.9) 3(1.1) 1.5±1.0

註:a n(%)

表十一、三種工作壓力源之多變項迴歸分析

工作滿意度 工作壓力發生頻率 工作壓力感受程度

β(SE) P 值 β(SE) P 值 β(SE) P 值

工作場所

行政人員 reference reference reference

其他作業 -0.43(0.64) 0.56 3.20(2.34) 0.17 0.52(2.95) 0.86 製漿作業 0.38(0.84) 0.65 5.05(2.61) 0.05* 2.87(3.30) 0.39 抄紙作業 0.16(0.80) 0.84 -1.22(2.47) 0.62 -2.18(3.13) 0.49 年齡(歲)

20-30 reference reference reference

30-40 -0.06(0.70) 0.94 1.52(2.29) 0.50 0.20(2.80) 0.94 40-50 0.53(0.69) 0.44 0.44(2.29) 0.84 1.90(2.75) 0.49

≥50 0.58(1.07) 0.59 -0.12(3.57) 0.97 -0.43(4.52) 0.75

教育程度

小學以下 reference reference reference

國中 0.71(0.81) 0.38 6.00(2.61) 0.02 5.59(3.34) 0.09 高中 1.22(0.74) 0.10 4.82(2.40) 0.04 -0.22(3.00) 0.94 大專以上 1.14(0.85) 0.18 6.32(2.71) 0.02 2.44(3.37) 0.46 健康狀態

國中 0.71(0.81) 0.38 6.00(2.61) 0.02 5.59(3.34) 0.09 高中 1.22(0.74) 0.10 4.82(2.40) 0.04 -0.22(3.00) 0.94 大專以上 1.14(0.85) 0.18 6.32(2.71) 0.02 2.44(3.37) 0.46 健康狀態

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