工作特殊性知覺手段除了招募體內的部位，亦可招募附著於身體上的器物，就像人 加物知覺系統可達成相同的知覺結果。Latash (2012) 指出，動作系統中大量的自由度，
在此時反倒是優勢，因為這些都是潛在被招募的動作系統，舉例而言：當個體透過手持 器物探索外在環境時，器物亦會將被解構 (deformation) 的訊息透過肌肉組織傳遞。張 力整合 (tensegrity) 則是另一用以比喻個體在持續變化的環境中，透過短暫且彈性的整 合體內的次系統以達成目標導向性的工作，待目標完成後，各個次系統又會回歸到原來 的位置與狀態，等待下一次的工作要求或環境變化的到來。Turvey 與 Fonseca (2014) 提 到，觸動知覺系統透過短暫的扭曲 (deformation) 組織以取得功能性的訊息，造成此扭 曲的，是外在不同的壓力所導致而成，因此個體藉由細胞以及其相連而成的組織系統便 成了知覺外界訊息的重要媒介。
個體對於外在環境的探索，可透過不同的知覺形式獲得，亦可藉由不同肢段擷取 (Wagman et al., 2009; Wagman & Hanjal, 2014, 2016)。Inger (1998) 即將個體的複雜組織 系統比喻作一個張力整合的狀態，構成體內組織的分子與細胞，為持續生命的運作，將
不斷地移動與重置 (replace) ，以維持個體的形式 (pattern) 與結構 (architecture)，即便 遭遇特殊性工作要求，或外在環境變化。促使個體內張力整合結構穩定的，並非組織內 單一細胞與分子的力量所造成，相對地，而是整個組織能夠平衡且有效分布施加於系統 上的機械應力 (mechanical stress)。一個穩定的張力整合組織構成，包含兩個主要結構，
第一是組織間節點與節點相連接的支柱，支柱存在的目的，在於維持形體，將節點或整 一種多碎形張力整合 (multifractal tensegrity) 的系統。由於觸動覺知覺是個體藉由器物 覺知外在環境的過程，而器物將外界環境的訊息，藉由壓力的型式傳遞至個體持器物的
因此，各體組織的觸動覺知覺機制被視為一智導知覺機制 (smart perceptual
mechanism，亦稱為 smart perceptual device) 的發展歷程，此機制是個體為因應特定工作 要求，個體陎對工作特殊性 (task-specific) 相關知覺情境時，有彈性的整合與招募自身
肢段或其他行動系統，大量體內相連接的細胞與組織所形成的張力整合系統能將外界接 收到的作用力均衡分布到組織內的接受器，有效協助個體達到偵測或探索目標導向訊息 的工作要求。過去研究 (Bingham, 1988; Carello, Fitzpatrick, Domaniewicz, Chan, & Turvey, 1992; Runeson, 1977; Stoffregen & Bardy, 2001) 也都發現此特性。Carello 等(1992) 更認 為此機制有四個特性，（一）、智導性 (smart)：由特有的且具工作特殊性的外在刺激形 體內各次系統的過程，屬於動態的特質 (dynamic properties) (Bingham, 1988; Kugler &
Turvey, 1987)，因此，相同的工作特殊性知覺手段可藉由招募聚集不同的解剖學部位 (anatomical components) 達成，而不同工作特殊性知覺手段亦可藉由招募相同解剖學部 位達成 (Carello et al., 1992)。如同本實驗，三個部位皆需判斷器物手持時的最大站觸高
知器物特性，誠如上述的生物體張力整合系統是一智導知覺機制，能有效的傳遞器物訊 息，加上對自身肢段尺度的知覺結果，於是能有效覺知器物附著時的站觸高度。至於器 物手持時的站觸高度判斷，亦是一個體藉由不同部位知覺相同目標導向工作的過程，同 樣是肩、肘、腕有效覺知器物長度後，加上對自身空手時的站觸高度的知覺，進而有相 同的知覺結果。但是個體對於器物長度的知覺判斷，從本實驗得知，仍需大量仰賴視知 覺所傳遞的訊息。在本實驗二中，個體在視覺知悉組中均有相對準確的知覺結果，觸動 覺知悉的過程雖然還是能夠分辨器物附著於不同部位的差異，但是在準確度則是不如視 覺介入的組別，同樣的效果亦出現在知覺器物手持時的情境。
重器物較輕器物產生較大的力矩，因此無論在知覺器物附著於任何部位，或是知覺 器物手持時，個體均因力矩引致的行動能力改變，作出與輕器物不同的判斷。但是對於 工作目標相同的手持情境知覺，個體三個部位皆能夠做出一致的判斷，顯示出個體能夠 因功能性要求而做出調整。至於器物附加時的站觸高度知覺，結果產生差異也驗證了個 體不同肢段對於器物特性的覺知是一致的，因此在器物附加時的高度知覺，也有明顯差 異。
第陸章 結論與建議
根據過去 Gibson 與 Gibson (1955) 提出嬰幼兒能夠由環境中藉由分辨差異進而擷取 訊息的知覺知悉歷程，到後來一系列的相關研究 (Warren & Whang, 1987; Gordon &
Rosenblum, 2004; Wagman et al., 2009) 均指出，個體可藉由不同知覺形式，對於相同目 標導向的工作有相同的覺知結果，能夠擷取關鍵的環境賦使訊息，進而做出一致的判 斷。基於過去相關研究 (Wagman & Hanjal, 2014, 2016)，本研究進一步探討個體是否能 依據相同肢段的不同部位進行相同 (器物手持時) 以及不同 (器物附著時) 的目標導向
快速覺知環境賦使的能力，對於自身行動能力與環境間的關係，皆能有效擷取並正確判 斷。器物附著於肩部造成判斷困難的原因為何？器物重量是否也是造成此判斷不易的原 因之一？亦或有其他可能的原因？均可作為未來進一步探討的議題。人加物系統在未來 也是可能發展的項目之一，個體不同部位對於加上具功能性器物後的行動能力為何？也 是未來需再進一步探討的部分。另外，目標導向工作的設定以及知覺知悉的運用，也是 未來在陎對陌生環境或器物使用的引導或適應陎向上應該有所助益或關注的，如何在環 境中營造出易於引導個體行為的布置，亦或提供個體不同樣貌的知覺知悉歷程，讓個體 在環境中行動的同時，也能夠保持持續的知覺與進步，也是往後相關研究可以著墨的方 向。
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