第五章 結論與建議
第二節 研究限制與後續研究建議
一、研究限制
(一) 本研究錄製之虛擬實境影片，雖解析度已達 4K，但在 360°空間中放映時，清 析度仍無法達到如同直接觀看實際環境的水平，聲音部分大致符合真實環境 但較難表現出細微的聲響，加之頭戴式顯示器對受試者頭部有一定負擔，因此 本研究中受試者體驗的虛擬自然與都市環境，與對真實環境的體驗會有差距。
(二) 為顧及受試者進行虛擬實境體驗時之舒適與安全度，實驗中採用坐姿進行體 驗。但錄製影片時攝影機必須高於一定高度才較不易被障礙物遮蔽或被路人 撞倒，且攝影機拍攝角度偏低會造成近處物體過度放大、變高造成壓迫感，故 採用高於坐姿的高度拍攝。實驗中受試者實際視線高度不符合影片錄製時的 拍攝高度，偶爾（主要是向下看時）會讓受試者感到違和感。
(三) 受限於實驗地點，實驗進行中即使門窗保持關閉，也時有受外界聲音干擾的情 況。其中又因實驗地點比鄰銘傳國小附幼，幼兒哭鬧或嘻鬧聲是相對常出現的
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聲音干擾，受試者可能因此受到影響。雖然受干擾特別嚴重的樣本已在分析前 被篩除，但仍未能完全排除外界聲音之影響。
(四) 因前後兩次實驗時間為受試者自行選擇，雖盡量以間隔 7 日為準，但受限於受 試者個人行程安排，以及研究室內器材使用時間上的協調，造成實際間隔日數 不等，使得實驗控制的精確度有所減損。
(五) 本研究因為測量項目較多且耗時，為避免實驗時間過長造成受試者嚴重疲勞，
並未測量受試者首次進行 SART 注意力測驗前的初始生理與情緒數值，因此 難以判斷SART 測驗對受試者是否有生理和情緒上的影響。
(六) 部分受試者對不同環境間的效益差異有先入為主的想法，認為自然環境理當較 有益於人類身心，可能因此影響實驗結果。
(七) 受試者性別比例不均，男性偏少，要外推研究結果會有較大限制。
二、後續研究建議
(一) 因招募階段發現願意參與相關研究的中高齡以上潛在受試者不少，建議可提高 實驗樣本數，並對於實驗間隔天數等可能影響實驗結果的因素加強限制，以增 加結果說服力。
(二) 建議可以特定疾病的有無，以及日常壓力量及工作量（或未∕已退休）來分組 比較，釐清受試者個人背景型態的影響。
(三) 若實驗中未給予足以明顯影響受試者身心狀態的刺激，可考慮使用其他更能反 映細微、多面向情緒的情緒量表。
(四) 建議可增加受實驗過程影響前的初始值測量，以釐清注意力測驗或其他壓力刺 激的影響。但為避免實驗時間拉長使受試者過度疲憊，可能需減少測量項目。
(五) 若未來虛擬實境相關設備品質有所提升，或經費上較無限制，可提升虛擬實境 的體驗品質，包括影像畫質、收音品質、耳機隔音性、穿戴舒適度等。若受試 者能接收到嗅覺、觸覺刺激，甚至能在虛擬場景中自主移動，也能提高虛擬環 境的臨場感。本研究中受試者視線高度與影像未完全配合的問題，建議或許能
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透過選用較高但安全的座椅、或僅拍攝遠景、或使用影像編輯技巧來克服。同 時，一個較不受外界干擾的實驗空間也能大大提升體驗品質。
(六) 本研究使用之 SART 測驗，主要考驗受試者的持續性注意力，未來亦可使用其 他測量方法來測驗其他注意力項目。且建議在正式測驗前給予足量之練習，以 確保受試者完全掌握測驗方式，並減少練習效果的影響。
(七) 本研究使用的虛擬環境內容分別為含有局部人造建物的森林、林間瀑布與溪流 環境，以及含有少部分植栽的商業購物區都市環境，未來可嘗試使用不同內容 的虛擬環境進行比較，例如不同自然程度的虛擬環境，可比較它們對恢復效益 的影響是否有差異。
(八) 可進行不同年齡層間的比較，看看不同年齡層在接觸恢復性環境後反應是否相 同，或者能提供最大恢復效益的環境類型是否相同。
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doi:10.6342/NTU201901429 英文：Restorative Effects of Virtual Reality Forest and Urban Environments on Middle-aged and Elderly People
研究機構名稱：臺大森林環境暨資源學系 自然資源遊憩研究室