第五章 綜合討論
第三節 研究限制與未來方向
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第三節 研究限制與未來方向 一、研究樣本
本研究的受試者來源為大學在學生為主，雖然受試來源並非侷限於 單一大專院校，另外由於受試者來源皆為大專院校生，並非達到精神科 確診之臨床樣本，因此建議未來可擴大受試者之取樣來源，並且增加臨 床樣本之組別，以增進樣本代表性、增加受試者差異性，進而釐清內在 心像與自我聚焦注意在不同族群上所造成之影響。
二、社交評估威脅作業的限制
本研究中，主要以社交評估作業(Mansell, et al.,1999)作為個體 的社交威脅來源，依照 Mansell 等人(2003)的研究，預期社交評估作業 應可有效區辨高、低社交焦慮者的注意力投注或自我覺察狀態，然而在 本研究中，卻觀察到社交評估作業普遍造成各組在公眾自我覺察與焦慮 情緒的提升，並未能有效增加群組間的差異，違背本實驗原先之預期。
另外，也有少部分受試者表示作業中的講演議題，因近期相關新聞事件 主旨相符故有機會接觸，甚至在課堂上有公開討論，因此在講演上反而 得心應手許多。另外也有少數受試者結束後表示並沒有被評估的感覺，
主要原因在於實驗過程中觀察到主試者並沒有紀錄、評分的動作。
是以日後在進行相關研究作業時，除了應盡量避免議題對受試者的 可接觸性外，並邀請受試者填寫錄影(錄音)同意書，主試者也應透過相 關行為(如增加評分動作等)，以增進受試者對作業的相信程度。另外就 作業的形式而言，亦可思考以更生活化的社交作業取代社交評估作業，
以 George 與 Stopa(2008)研究為例，該研究作業即要求受試者與協同研 究者進行人際互動會談，而研究結果可以看出不同組別間在自我覺察與 焦慮的差異，是以日後可以思考以此作業作為社交作業之選擇。
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三、以攝影機作為自我聚焦注意操弄的限制
本研究以攝影機作為自我聚焦注意操弄之主要方法，成效相當顯著，
與 過 去 研 究 結 果 相 當 一 致 (Alden, Teschuk, & Tee,1992 ； Burgio, Merluzzi, & Pryor,1986；Panayiotou & Vrana,1998；)，攝影機能夠有 效提升受試者的自我聚焦注意，針對高社交焦慮的受試者效果尤其顯著。
然而實驗中也發現，極少數受試者對於以攝影機記錄實驗過程感到不適且 難以接受，認為攝影機的存在造成其困擾與情緒，並拒絕接受進一步的實 驗安排，由於受試者退出實驗程序，故無法比對受試者間的差異，因此在 日後實驗流程上，宜於實驗程序上先行清楚說明，並針對拒絕之受試者釐 清原因與動機，以減少個人不必要困擾與實驗偏誤。
四、實驗程序之限制
本研究目的之一，欲藉由實驗設計來探討引發高社交焦慮者形成負向 自 我 心 像 之 機 制 ， 並 藉 以 檢 驗 Hackman 等 人 (1998) 以 及 Clark 與 Wells(1995)等學者的理論論述，由實驗結果而言，雖然較支持 Clark 等 學者之理論論述，也就是對於高社交焦慮者來說，自我聚焦注意歷程目前 較傾向為引發負向自我心像之重要關鍵因素，而非社交情境本身所引發的 焦慮情緒進而誘發負向自我心像(Hackmann et al.,1998)，然而由於本研 究並未在實驗前針對受試者進行心像內容之調查，故難以合理推論心像內 容確實因為自我聚焦注意而產生改變，因此，建議日後欲探討此一議題之 研究者，應在實驗設計與程序安排上，排除不必要之混淆變項，以期能夠 精確掌握變項間之關聯與影響。
五、未來研究方向
本實驗主要在於探究不同社交焦慮者在自我聚焦注意歷程下，其心像 內容之差異，而近來，除了針對心像的內容進行探討外，部分學者認為高
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社交焦慮的早期不愉快經驗與心像內容存在相當程度之關聯，並在治療上 取得相當程度之進展(Wild et al.,2008)，故日後研究可針對心像與早年 經驗之間的關聯進行進一步的探討。
而本研究中雖針對心像內容之訊息進行負向/非負向之分類，然而並 未進一步針對受試者在自我聚焦注意歷程下，其負向訊息內容之類別進行 分析統計，故建議未來之研究可以在本研究之基礎上，進一步針對負向訊 息內容之種類進行仔細之探究，以釐清自我聚焦注意歷程在高社交焦慮者 中，與心像內容訊息類別之關聯。
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