• 沒有找到結果。

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第六章 結論與建議

第一節 結論

在全球化的時代,市場高度競爭、產業變遷快速,企業能年復一年、並且持 續成功的時代已經過去。近幾年 Nokia、Motorola、Blackberry 等行動通訊巨頭的 隕落,Apple、Samsung、小米的崛起,顯示著企業需要的不只是成長、不只是 大者恆大,他們需要更根本的東西—創新。要在新時代的競爭洪流站得住腳,掌 握市場機會,不能僅靠著新的技術或發明,而是要將這些特色轉化成優勢,並創 造出比核心更核心的東西,創造企業自身的營運理論,而這套流程就是商業模式 創新(Johnson, 2010)。

許多人對中國的印象仍停留在山寨、世界工廠,卻忽略了中國國內有一股強 大的創新力量正驅動著產業革命。的確,過往中國的企業常常從創業聖地矽谷尋 找”靈感”、”模式”,但這種情況卻越來越少見,取而代之的是屬於中國式的創新,

優秀的創業家不再只是”Copycat”,而是憑藉著對中國市場的了解,結合對國際市 場的敏銳,創造出真正適合中國的創新模式,商業模式的創新在其中更扮演著舉 足輕重的角色。如小米以小量生產創造饑餓行銷、網路論壇增加顧客粘性、銷售 模式降低預付成本等,小米的成功不全來自於小米手機本身的高畫素鏡頭、高解 析螢幕,而是來自於在商業模式上的突破創新。

基於此背景動機,本論文以個案研究的方法,依產業背景的不同挑選四個中 國新創企業—尚倫律師事務所、易商旅電子商務有限公司、偉德福思文化傳播有

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限公司、雲知聲信息技術有限公司,深入探討其商業模式的建構與創新過程,以 了解影響商業模式創新的因素與環境背景。

過往文獻對於商業模式的定義與結構尚未出現統一定義,但大致可將商業模 式由顧客價值主張、利潤公式、關鍵資源與關鍵流程四個要件建構組成,顧客未 被滿足的需求、新科技的誕生、市場競爭態勢的轉變等因素則能催生商業模式的 創新與改變。

藉著四個個案企業的訪談資料,本研究在中國新創企業的建構與創新議題上 得以有下列發現:

i. 創辦人背景與創新企業關係

本研究的四個個案企業創辦人在成為創業家前,都已在相關學術界與業界服 務多年,透過實務經驗的累積儲備創業能量,這些豐富的經驗歷程使創辦人們能 通盤地了解市場,找到顧客未被滿足的需求或行業中的不足,選擇在適當的時機 創業。此外,創辦人的人脈關係在新創企業的建立過程擔任相當重要的角色,不 論是與產業上下游的關係或服務對象中的意見領袖,都將影響新創企業建構商業 模式的過程與商業模式的可行性。

ii. 商業模式的創新

這四個個案企業在商業模式中所做的創新,都有一個共同特性—將大企業做 不專的領域或其他競爭者不注重的領域做得專注,找出以往被忽略的領域,提高 產業或企業的整體效率,做到最好、最極致。

同時,為克服新創企業知名度不高、合作網絡薄弱、資源不足等問題,個案 企業們借助互聯網低成本、高滲透、網絡鏈結的特性,提供部分免費的線上服務,

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引流客戶、創造話題,同時搜集顧客資料或必要數據等相關資源,以免費增值的 商業模式創造更多的價值。

iii.

環境與商業模式創新的鏈結

中國的政治環境、法律規範、市場結構等的限制,對中國本地的新創企業來 說,不一定是扼殺創新的劊子手,反倒可能是創新的催化劑。為了在僵固的框架 下獲利,創業者反而會花更多心思找尋創新的可能性,結合對環境的了解與敏感 性,發展出因地制宜的「中國式創新」。

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第二節 研究限制

由於地理因素、受訪者的背景等限制,本研究僅以中國北京新創企業為主要 研究訪談對象,未包含其他創業風氣一樣興盛的杭州、上海、廣州等其他一線城 市之創業市場。此外,訪談對象分處不同行業,而各行業的代表個案只有一個,

若能分別在各行業增加訪談樣本數量,能進一步提升信度與效度。又,本研究訪 談對象主要集中在服務業,如法律服務業、資訊服務業…等,可能因產業特性不 同而致使研究結果產生偏誤。

 

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第三節 後續研究建議

  建議後續研究可挑選中國其他創業熱絡的城市,如上海、廣州等地,進行多 地區的新創企業個案研究,並且在不同行業中挑選具代表性之數個個案公司進行 多重交叉研究,避免地區與產業別的影響而產生研究之偏誤。

此外,針對同一公司可以與不同階層的員工進行訪談,以進一步了解公司商 業模式之創新是否透徹,是否有結構阻礙創新的問題,全面性地探討商業模式創 新實行成效,以了解商業模式創新的進行與成果。另一方面,可結合公司績效與 成長,評估商業模式創新為企業帶來了多少價值,以量化的方式討論商業模式與 其創新成效評估。

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