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第四章 結論與建議
第一節 結論
本篇論文基於 Allen and Gale (2000)模型架構,討論銀行間的資訊傳遞現象,
且嘗試納入資本適足率來分析該規範對於銀行業整體穩定性的影響,並發現在資 本適足率下,極大化消費者效用所求得的最適分配解(x, y, 𝑐1, 𝑐2),除了短期資產 (𝑦)外,其他參數皆會隨著資本適足率(𝑘)的增加而上升,也提高整體消費者效用。
在沒有資本適足率規定下,由模型推導可看出,隨著銀行同業存款(Z)的增 長,會提高傳染發生機會,即說明銀行同業存款是解釋銀行間資訊傳遞的重要途 徑。若長期資產早期兌現報酬率(r)降低,不僅會提高擴散效果,更使緩衝能力下 降,也就是 r 的下降,會加強傳染的可能。
為了探討資本適足規定的效果,進行無資本適足率及有資本適足率對於緩衝、
擴散效果以及傳染現象之比較。整理發現,當長期資產在到期日的報酬率(R)越 大,越可能得到在有資本適足規定下,有較大的緩衝能面對額外消費需求(ϵ)的 結論;但觀察出有資本適足率下,將面對較大的擴散效果。
最後針對傳染現象之對比,導出當成為早期消費者平均機率為1
2情況下,銀 行同業存款(Z)越小,或是長期資產提前兌現報酬率(r)越大,越容易滿足有資本 適足率下較不易傳染的條件。綜合上述發現,銀行同業存款(Z)越小,不僅使沒 有資本適足率下發生傳染現象機率下降,甚至會令有資本適足率比無資本適足規 定更不易受到傳染影響。同樣的,若長期資產提前兌現報酬率(r)越大,將降低沒 有資本適足率下發生傳染現象機率,且使有資本適足率比無資本適足率更不易受 到傳染影響,即證明資本適足率確實能改善銀行間的傳染情況。
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第二節 未來研究建議
由於此篇論文對於資本適足率(𝑘)只做廣泛的定義,並沒有像巴賽爾協定針 對不同種類的資產進行不同的風險權重分配,故未來研究方向,能從不同風險權 重下手,較貼近資本適足率的真實性。而此研究主要假設成為早期消費者的平均 機率γ為1
2,但不同地區可能會因為消費習慣有不同的情況,像是有儲蓄習慣的 國家,其成為早期消費者的平均機率就會比1
2來的小,所以可對不同消費文化下 進行相關比較分析。此外對於資訊傳遞途徑,本篇選擇討論不完全市場下的結構,
然有更多不同形態的不完全市場結構可於未來做有關於資本適足率的詳細探 討。
另外有關於提高銀行業的穩定性,除了資本適足率外,也能嘗試在模型下,
同時納入像是存款保險、存款利率上限等其他規範,研究出在何種組合搭配下,
將能有效管控銀行業的資訊傳遞情形,降低銀行恐慌傳染風險,並且極大化消費 者福利之方法,相信將對全球金融業有極大貢獻。
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1 ln 10× 1
𝑐1 = 𝑅 × 1
ln 10× (1 − 𝛾) 𝑅(1 + 2𝑘 −
γ
𝑐1) 𝑐1× 𝑅 × (1 − 𝛾) = 𝑅(1 + 2𝑘 −γ
𝑐1)𝑅 × (1 − 𝛾 + 𝛾)𝑐1 = 𝑅(1 + 2𝑘)
∴ 𝑐1 = 1 + 2𝑘 𝑐2 =𝑅[1 + 2𝑘 − γ(1 + 2𝑘)]
1 − 𝛾 = 𝑅(1 + 2𝑘) 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑘 − γ − 2γ𝑘 + 𝑘 = 1 − γ − 2γ𝑘 + 2𝑘
𝑦 = γ(1 + 2𝑘) − 𝑘 = γ + 2γ𝑘 − 𝑘
故納入資本適足率的最佳解為:
𝑐1 = 1 + 2𝑘 𝑐2 = 𝑅(1 + 2𝑘)
𝑥 = 1 − γ − 2γ𝑘 + 2𝑘 𝑦 = γ + 2γ𝑘 − 𝑘