二、 相關文獻探討
2.1 資源示意圖
2.1.2 美國、加拿大的商業主題資源示意圖網站
在Dunsmore[3]針對十所美國及十所加拿大學院圖書館的三個商業主題的 資源示意圖網站所做的調查中,列出了四個主要的研究問題:
z 資源示意圖的目的、觀念和原則為何?
z 被用於學院圖書館網站的資源示意圖同義字為何?
z 是否透過大學網站存取資源示意圖?
z 資源示意圖的內涵是否如同其內容表格或段落標題所描述?
在第一個問題〝資源示意圖的目的、觀念和原則為何?〞中,有百分之六 十二的資源示意圖介紹了其創建的主旨(如:目的、觀念和原則),表 2說明了 八個主旨,例如:關於描述〝陳列資料的來源〞(13個)、〝研究的出發點〞(8 個)、〝範圍註〞(6個)、〝導引至參考服務〞(6個),和〝不是包羅萬象〞的警 告(5個),以及敘述〝資源示意圖主題的定義和解釋〞(3個)、〝書目搜尋指導〞
(3個)和〝指引的目的〞(2個)。
表 2 美國及加拿大各商學院圖書館資源示意圖性質之研究
Themes identified
Examples of phrases used here (Websites references 2001)
Number of pathfinders Sources of
Information listed here
z "The sources listed below are available in print or electronically at…" (York)
z "The resources found in this guide have been selected librarians at the…" (MIT) z "Many of the sources listed below are
located in the Reference Collection…"
(Stanford)
z "All materials listed below are in the…"
(U of Alberta)
13
Research starting point
z "This guide is a starting point for company research" (SFU)
z "This guide is an introduction to sources used to research companies" (York)
8
Scope note z "The guides are generally broad in scope, presenting information and information resources that cover the industry as a whole and its major segments" (Harvard) z "This is a selected guide to sources on
Business in the…and on the Web"
(Queen’s)
6
Redirect to reference services
z "Take advantage of the specialized consultation offered at the…" (UBC) z "Remember to ask for point-of-use help at
the Reference Desk on the…" (SFU) z "If you need help, ask a reference
librarian" (Duke)
6
Not
comprehensive
z "It is not a comprehensive list of sources"
(U of Victoria)
z "The guides are not comprehensive…"
(Harvard)
5
Definitions &
explanations
z "Marketing is more than just advertising
& merchandising" (UBC)
z "Industry analysis is a type of business research that…" (Duke)
3
How to search the catalogue
z "Search the library catalogue by KEYWORD or SUBJECT…" (SFU)
3 Guide’s purpose z "The purpose of this brief guide is to
direct you the the…" (Western)
z "…to support the academic and career research needs of the HBS community"
(Harvard)
2
Total number of pathfinders examined for introductory paragraphs or sentences
48
資料來源:Dunsmore, Carla. "A Qualitative Study of Web-Mounted Pathfinders Created by Academic Business Libraries." Library 52 (2002): 137-56.
在第二個問題〝被用於資源示意圖的同義字為何?〞中,關於資源示意圖 的同義字有:主題出發點 (Subject Starting Points) 、以主題為基礎的資源指引 (Subject-Based Resource Guides) 、主題的資源 (Resources by Subject) 、參考 指引 (Reference Guides) 、經挑選的圖書館和網路資源 (Selected Library and Internet Resource) 、主題 (Subject) 、迅速開始的指引 (Quickstart Guides) 、 研究指引 (Research Guides) 、電子化指引 (Electronic Handouts) 、電子指引 (E-Guides) 、主題指引 (Subject Guides) 等,可參見表 3。
調查中發現有百分之九十的大學網站使用的資源示意圖同義詞中包含了 指引 (Guide)這個成份詞彙,有百分之七十包含了主題 (Subject) 這個成份詞 彙,有百分之六十五包含了研究 (Research) 這個成份詞彙。而以這些成分詞
表 3 圖書館資源示意圖的同義詞
Number of universities using this component word, or synonym, in source links or
destination pathfinders Pathfinder Component Word
...Guides... 18 ...subject... 14 ...research... 13 ...resource... 7 ...reference... 2 Pathfinder Synonyms
Research Guides 8
Subject Guides 6
Pathfinders 1 Total number of universities 20
資料來源:Dunsmore, Carla. "A Qualitative Study of Web-Mounted Pathfinders Created by Academic Business Libraries." Library 52 (2002): 137-56.
關於第三個問題〝是否透過大學網站的連結存取資源示意圖?〞,調查中 發現有八個加拿大圖書館首頁提到網站上的資源示意圖,然而只有三個美國圖 書館網站提到。圖書館首頁沒有包含資源示意圖連結的一個理由就是這個圖書 館有部門圖書館,資源示意圖在部門圖書館的首頁中加以介紹。最常見的情形 為在首頁的第四個或第五個層級之連結頁面上發現資源示意圖。結果顯示透過 圖書館網站,明顯的連結對於提高資源示意圖的使用率是有幫助的。
關於第四個問題〝資源示意圖的內涵是否如同其內容表格或段落標題所描 述?〞,在調查加拿大和美國學院圖書館的商業資源示意圖中,發現到圖書館 使用多種的段落標題。內容表格或段落標題的出現對於概略說明指引的範圍,
以及對使用者連結到需要的部分是很有幫助的。